celoricojanelle

[celoricojanelle]

LET'S TALK ABOUT THE HISTORY AND HOW ISRAEL AND PALESTINE WAR BEGIN

—The Israeli-Palestinian dispute is one of the most complex and insistent tensions in today’s world order. The’ war’ between the government residents of Israel and the Palestinian Stateless people is now part of an extremely violent and warped environment. The Israelis-Palestinian relationship is profoundly complex and therefore without a simple explanation or solution. The lack of a single answer has made it difficult for others to grasp the disagreement. Anybody who tries to analyze the problem typically does too many inquiries and not enough responses. This paper aims at defining the main characteristics of the dispute. Throughout the explanation of how Jewish-Arab connections have been changed and influenced by the circumstances throughout Israel and Palestine, the paper takes into account the historical and contemporary dimensions of conflict.

•History of Israel and Palestine conflict

—the war between israel and palestine—

which started in the early 20th century, is the current dispute between Israelis and the Palestinian people. There is a large rivalry between Zionist Jishuv and the Arabs, who are now residing in Palestine below the Ottoman rule, and then British rule, in relation to the early stages of the same dispute. This comes as part of the larger rivalry between Arab and Israel. The main questions remain mutual recognition, security, protection, water rule, Jerusalem command, Israeli settlements, independence of the Palestinian community, and resolution of the refugee problem.

THE "CONFLICT" BETWEEN ISRAEL AND PALESTINE

In mid-May, violence between Gaza and Israel intensified to levels not seen for years, with Hamas shooting hundreds of rockets toward the Tel Aviv area and Israel retaliating with heavy strikes in the Gaza Strip. On May 20, Israel and Hamas agreed to a cease-fire, but during the 11 days of fighting, at least 243 people were killed in Gaza, including 66 children, and 12 people were killed in Israel, including two children.

The buildup to the latest conflagration—some have already called it a new intifada, Arabic for “uprising”—began in a Jerusalem neighborhood near the Old City, close to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, one of Islam’s holiest sites for more than 1,200 years. On May 10, the Israeli police raided the mosque, firing rubber-coated bullets and stun grenades at Palestinians who had been fighting with them the previous night. While Muslims pray at Al-Aqsa year-round, the mosque attracts even more worshipers during Ramadan. May 12 marked the end of Ramadan and the start of Eid al-Fitr, a joyous time at the conclusion of the monthlong fast.

There’s no doubt that the most extreme Jewish nationalists would like Israel to recapture the Al-Aqsa Mosque. They say it sits on top of the ruins of the ancient Jewish Temple, the only remainder of which is the Western Wall. But aside from the setting, faith is only tangentially related to the violence.

THE BORDER OF ISRAEL AND PALESTINE

—The land which would become Israel was for centuries part of the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire. After World War One and the collapse of the empire, territory known as Palestine - the portion of which west of the River Jordan was also known as the land of Israel by Jews - was marked out and assigned to Britain to administer by the victorious allied powers (soon after endorsed by the League of Nations).

The terms of the mandate entrusted Britain with establishing in Palestine "a national home for the Jewish people", so long as doing so did not prejudice the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities there. The final status and contours of the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem are meant to be decided in negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians living there under Israeli occupation, but decades of on-off talks have so far proved fruitless. The border around the Gaza Strip has grown into a semi-permanent structure with security fences and concrete walls set deep into the ground to prevent tunnelling - after Hamas militants launched a series of raids from tunnels into Israel in 2014. However, Hamas militants again breached the security barriers above ground in the biggest attack of its kind on 7 October, 2023.

"TERRITORY"

Israel’s continuing oppressive and discriminatory system of governing Palestinians in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) constituted a system of apartheid, and Israeli officials committed the crime of apartheid under international law. Israeli forces launched a three-day offensive on the occupied Gaza Strip in August during which they committed apparent war crimes. This compounded the impact of a 15-year ongoing Israeli blockade that amounts to illegal collective punishment and further fragments Palestinian territory. Israel escalated its crackdown on Palestinians’ freedom of association. It also imposed arbitrary restrictions on freedom of movement and closures that amounted to collective punishment, mainly in the northern West Bank, ostensibly in response to armed attacks by Palestinians on Israeli soldiers and settlers.

The year saw a rise in the number of Palestinians unlawfully killed and seriously injured by Israeli forces during raids in the West Bank. Administrative detentions of Palestinians hit a 14-year high, and torture and other ill-treatment continued. Israeli forces demolished al-Araqib village in the Negev Naqab for the 211th time. A further 35 Palestinian-Bedouin towns in Israel were still denied formal recognition and residents faced possible forcible transfer. Authorities failed to process asylum claims for thousands of asylum seekers, and imposed restrictions on their right to work.

RESOURCES

  —The conflict in the Middle East has always had natural resources in its background: land, water and oil. Strategists have asserted that the struggle over water might be at the heart of the next round of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while the recent discovery of new natural gas fields has added "fuel to the fire." At the same time, pollution and the environment are clearly cross-border issues.

n this special issue of the PIJ, we aim to examine the topic from several aspects, including the legal, political and economic. What are the obligations of an occupying country regarding the preservation and protection of the rights of the occupied people to their own natural resources? To what extent is Israel abiding by international law and treaties, and to what extent is it violating these laws by exploiting the natural resources of the occupied territories? How could these resources be managed under occupation, and how could they be an issue of regional cooperation in a time of peace? How could we address cross-border issues, and how could we build a network of regional cooperation to protect the environment? What are the future prospects to develop, at a time of peace, the shared natural resources for the benefit and prosperity of all the peoples of the region?

The original working title for this issue was "The Natural Resource Challenge in the Middle East: Destructive Conflict or Political Settlement and Sustainable Cooperation." Our goal has been to create a basic resource tool which will serve as a handbook for all in the region and the international community who deal with these issues, as a potential building block for peace and regional cooperation. And of course, at the core of our concerns is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and how it affects natural resources and the environment in the region.

The 15 articles in the Focus section, written by Palestinian, Israeli and international experts, and the interview with a former Palestinian minister of the environment, explore the sources of conflict that arise in the Middle East around natural resources. They raise questions about how to deal with those natural resources before, during and after concluding a political settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict, and how to develop a process of cooperation and coordination between regional countries to use those resources as a foundation for political settlement and sustainability.

"THE ORIGIN OF THE PEOPLE"

The Jewish population is increasingly composed of persons born in Israel itself, although millions of immigrants have arrived since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948. The Arab population is descended from Arabs who lived in the area during the mandate period and, in most cases, for centuries before that time. Following a period of extreme violence before, during, and after the war particularly on the part of Zionist militias British forces withdrew from Palestine, and Israel declared its independence on May 14, 1948.

 

"THE NOVA MUSIC FESTIVAL"

The Tribe of Nova trance music festival, near Kibbutz Reim, was one of the first targets for Hamas militants as they launched their unprecedented attack on Israel in the early hours of Saturday morning, overrunning the concert area, shooting into the crowd and grabbing as many hostages as they could.

As partygoers ran for their lives, they were cut down. Israeli officials said at least 260 people were killed in the massacre, and others were taken captive to be held as hostages.

An estimated 1,000 Hamas militants also breached the security barrier at several positions. AP, Israel declares war, bombards Gaza and battles to dislodge Hamas fighters after surprise attack, 8 October 2023. Gaza has seven official border crossings, of which only three are operational

"I'm a pro Israel"

Israel has the obligation to protect its population from further attacks. However, the right of self-defence does not exist in isolation

On 7 October, armed Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) fighters stormed the Gaza-Israel border fence, captured Israeli military posts, entered Israeli towns and kibbutzes in the border area, brutally killed hundreds of people and took more than 200 hostages to the Gaza Strip. Since then, Hamas and other militant groups have fired thousands of rockets from Gaza into Israel, killing people at random.

The day after the terrorist attack, Israel started its airstrike campaign on the Gaza Strip. Hamas, on the other hand, threatened to kill a hostage every time Israel bombed homes without warning. According to Israeli figures, at least 1,300 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed in total by Hamas and PIJ rocket fire and massacres. The Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has declared a state of war. The aim of the military operation that now follows is to retaliate and to completely destroy Hamas’ military capabilities in Gaza.