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Assignment #2 – Antisocial personality disorder and parental alcohol and drug abuse – SAS program

Program

LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300" access=readonly; DATA new; set mydata.nesarc_pds; IF AGE LE 30; /*Just interested in people up to 30 years old*/ LABEL S3CQ12B1="Drug abuse happen in the last 12 month"               S11AQ1B1="Antisocial personality disorder happen before age 13"               S11AQ1C1="Antisocial personality disorder happen after age 13"               S2DQ1="Father ever alcoholic or problem drinker"               S2DQ2="Mother ever alcoholic or problem drinker"               S3EQ1="Father ever had problems with drugs"               S3EQ2="Mother ever had problems with drugs"; /* 1 = Yes; 2 = No; 9 = Unknown*/ PROC SORT; by IDNUM; PROC FREQ; TABLES S3CQ12B1 S11AQ1B1 S11AQ1C1 S2DQ1 S2DQ2 S3EQ1 S3EQ2 AGE; RUN;

Results

Yes = 1 No = 2 Unknown = 9

Interpretation of results

I put all my variables and, since I selected a range for age, I also have the frequency distribution for the age table. The number of respondents from each age group is quite similar. Most of the respondents did not answer the question about drug abuse in the last 12 months (over 8,000 missing data and only 1,200 answers).

Between 18 and 30, 12 % of the respondents used drugs. 30% of the participants were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder after the age of 13. 27 % of the participants had an alcoholic parent and 11 % had a parent with drug abuse. In general alcohol or drug abuse was more frequent in fathers than in mothers.

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Antisocial personality disorder and parental alcohol and drug abuse

Dataset

The selected dataset is the US National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

Research questions

I would like to study the relationship between the drug dependence in an individual and the dependence on alcohol and/or drug in the family, specifically the parents.

As a secondary question, I would like to verify if antisocial personality disorder is in an individual is linked to his parents’ alcohol and/or drug abuse.

Hypothesis:

Drug dependence is more important in individuals with parents abusing alcohol and/or drugs.

Antisocial personality disorder is ore important in individuals with parents having a drug and/or alcohol addiction.

Codebook

DRUG ABUSE/DEPENDENCE

1172-1172 S3CQ12B1 HAPPEN IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS

229 1. Yes

2230 2. No

24 9. Unknown

40610 BL. NA, did not use drugs in the last 12 months

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER (BEHAVIOR)

3245-3245 S11AQ1B1 HAPPEN BEFORE AGE 13

1488 1. Yes

40407 2. No

1198 9. Unknown

3246-3246 S11AQ1C1 HAPPEN SINCE AGE 13

8300 1. Yes

33607 2. No

1186 9. Unknown

Parent behaviour

653-653 S2DQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER

8124 1. Yes

32445 2. No

2524 9. Unknown

654-654 S2DQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER

2311 1. Yes

39553 2. No

1229 9. Unknown

2429-2429 S3EQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER HAD PROBLEMS WITH DRUGS

1068 1. Yes

38975 2. No

3050 9. Unknown

2430-2430 S3EQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER HAD PROBLEMS WITH DRUGS

720 1. Yes

40641 2. No

1732 9. Unknown

Literature review

Results of epidemiological studies may lead to various results. Some authors found that alcohol and/or drug abuse in parents were associated with an increase of drug abuse in children (1-3), while some authors did not find a specific relationship (4).

Studies found that parental abuse of drug and/or alcohol, particularly abuse from the father, increase the risk of psychological disorders, such as conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, in children (3, 5-7).

Obot IS, Wagner FA, Anthony JC (2001) Early onset and recent drug use among children of parents with alcohol problems: data from a national epidemiology survey, Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 65(1): 1-8.

Braitman AL, Kelley ML, Ladage J, Schroeder V, Gumienny L, Morrow JA, Klostermann K (2009) Alcohol and drug abuse among college student adult children of alcoholics. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education, 53(1): 69-88.

Cadoret RJ, Troughton E, Bagford J, Woodworth G (1990) Genetic and environmental factors in adoptee antisocial personality. European Archives of Psychiatry & Neurological Science, 239: 231-240.

Galaif ER, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Bernstein DP (2001) Gender differences in the prediction of problem alcohol use in adulthood: exploring the influence of family factors and childhood maltreatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(4): 486-493.

Kelley ML, Fals-Stewart W (2004) Psychiatric disorders of children living with drug-abusing, alcohol-abusing, non-substance abusing fathers. Journal of the American Academy of hild & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(5): 621-628.

Kupperman S, Schlossen SS, Lidral J, Reich W (1999) Relationship of child psychopathology to parental alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(6): 686-692.

Holmes SE, Slaughter JR, Kashani J (2001) Risk factors in childhood that lead to the development of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 31(3): 183-193.

[berncube]

Assignment #1 – Antisocial personality disorder and parental alcohol and drug abuse

Dataset

The selected dataset is the US National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

Research questions

I would like to study the relationship between the drug dependence in an individual and the dependence on alcohol and/or drug in the family, specifically the parents.

As a secondary question, I would like to verify if antisocial personality disorder is in an individual is linked to his parents’ alcohol and/or drug abuse.

Hypothesis:

Drug dependence is more important in individuals with parents abusing alcohol and/or drugs.

Antisocial personality disorder is ore important in individuals with parents having a drug and/or alcohol addiction.

Codebook

DRUG ABUSE/DEPENDENCE

1172-1172 S3CQ12B1 HAPPEN IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS

229 1. Yes

2230 2. No

24 9. Unknown

40610 BL. NA, did not use drugs in the last 12 months

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER (BEHAVIOR)

3245-3245 S11AQ1B1 HAPPEN BEFORE AGE 13

1488 1. Yes

40407 2. No

1198 9. Unknown

3246-3246 S11AQ1C1 HAPPEN SINCE AGE 13

8300 1. Yes

33607 2. No

1186 9. Unknown

Parent behaviour

653-653 S2DQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER

8124 1. Yes

32445 2. No

2524 9. Unknown

654-654 S2DQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER

2311 1. Yes

39553 2. No

1229 9. Unknown

2429-2429 S3EQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER HAD PROBLEMS WITH DRUGS

1068 1. Yes

38975 2. No

3050 9. Unknown

2430-2430 S3EQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER HAD PROBLEMS WITH DRUGS

720 1. Yes

40641 2. No

1732 9. Unknown

Literature review

Results of epidemiological studies may lead to various results. Some authors found that alcohol and/or drug abuse in parents were associated with an increase of drug abuse in children (1-3), while some authors did not find a specific relationship (4).

Studies found that parental abuse of drug and/or alcohol, particularly abuse from the father, increase the risk of psychological disorders, such as conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, in children (3, 5-7).

Obot IS, Wagner FA, Anthony JC (2001) Early onset and recent drug use among children of parents with alcohol problems: data from a national epidemiology survey, Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 65(1): 1-8.

Braitman AL, Kelley ML, Ladage J, Schroeder V, Gumienny L, Morrow JA, Klostermann K (2009) Alcohol and drug abuse among college student adult children of alcoholics. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education, 53(1): 69-88.

Cadoret RJ, Troughton E, Bagford J, Woodworth G (1990) Genetic and environmental factors in adoptee antisocial personality. European Archives of Psychiatry & Neurological Science, 239: 231-240.

Galaif ER, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Bernstein DP (2001) Gender differences in the prediction of problem alcohol use in adulthood: exploring the influence of family factors and childhood maltreatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(4): 486-493.

Kelley ML, Fals-Stewart W (2004) Psychiatric disorders of children living with drug-abusing, alcohol-abusing, non-substance abusing fathers. Journal of the American Academy of hild & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(5): 621-628.

Kupperman S, Schlossen SS, Lidral J, Reich W (1999) Relationship of child psychopathology to parental alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(6): 686-692.

Holmes SE, Slaughter JR, Kashani J (2001) Risk factors in childhood that lead to the development of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 31(3): 183-193.