ajourneythrough22

[ajourneythrough22]

Works Cited

Artist: Wenceslaus Hollar (Bohemian, Prague 1607–1677 London). Tower of London. 1625–77. Etching; second state of two, Sheet: 5 11/16 × 10 1/16 in. (14.5 × 25.5 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://jstor.org/stable/community.18360544.

Author: Sir William Dugdale (British, 1605–1686), Artist: Wenceslaus Hollar (Bohemian, Prague 1607–1677 London), Printer: Thomas Warren (London), and Sitter: Frontispiece portrays Sir William Dugdale (British, 1605–1686). The History of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, From Its Foundation until These Times. 1658. Illustrations: etching, 13 5/16 × 9 1/16 × 1 1/8 in. (33.8 × 23 × 2.8 cm). The History of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, From Its Foundation until These 

Brooke, W. H., Daniel, George, Schnebbelie, R. B., Smith, C. J., and Upcott, William, 1779-1845. David Garrick Scrapbook Pages 041 - 059. Honnold Mudd Library.  Special Collections, n.d. https://jstor.org/stable/community.31048283.

Charles Le Brun. Chateau de Versailles. 1661-1678. https://jstor.org/stable/community.14642966.

Honourable Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Documents. London : Printed by E.G. [Edward Griffin] for Thomas Whitaker, and are to be sold at his shop ; [Raworth, Ruth?] ; [Newcomb, Thomas?], 1649. https://jstor.org/stable/community.35016044.

JUDGE, H. G. “CHURCH AND STATE UNDER LOUIS XIV.” History 45, no. 155 (1960): 217–33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24403720.

McGill University Library, and Lister, Martin, 1638?-1712. A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698 .. Documents. London, Jacob Tonson, 1699. https://jstor.org/stable/community.32850230.

Riley, Philip F. “Louis XIV: Watchdog of Parisian Morality.” The Historian 36, no. 1 (1973): 19–33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24443894.

Roosen, William J. “The Functioning of Ambassadors under Louis XIV.” French Historical Studies 6, no. 3 (1970): 311–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/286062.

Smith, Karl Sidney. “Versailles: Scene of the World’s Peace Conference.” Fine Arts Journal 37, no. 1 (1919): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.2307/25587612.

 [s.n.]. [View of the Stage of the Original Globe Playhouse, 1599--1613]. [19--]. Model, Watercolor painting, 1 watercolor model : Color , 51.0 x 76.0 cm. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania: Furness, M/Gl350.8 L, Drawer. https://jstor.org/stable/community.18297280.

The George Peabody Library, The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, Hall, Henry, active 1642-1680, printer, Davis, Richard, active 1646-1688, bookseller, George Peabody Library, Sheridan Libraries, and Foulis, Henry. The History of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies 

The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, Herbert, Edward [Lord Herbert of Cherbury], and Cecill, Thomas (engr.). The Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth. Written By the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Documents. London : Printed by E.G. [Edward Griffin] for Thomas Whitaker, and are to be sold at his shop ; [Raworth, Ruth?] ; [Newcomb, Thomas?], 1649. https://jstor.org/stable/community.35016044.

Wolf, John B. “The Reign of Louis XIV: A Selected Bibliography of Writings since the War of 1914-1918.” The Journal of Modern History 36, no. 2 (1964): 127–44. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1874635. Wren, Christopher, Sir, 1632-1723. London: St. Paul’s Cathedral Int.: Nave to East. 1675-1711. https://jstor.org/stable/community.13570172.

[ajourneythrough22]

The Tower Of London

The Tower of London, with its imposing structure and dark history, stands as a haunting reminder of both splendor and brutality from the past. Immersed in the primary sources, including Sir William Dugdale's historical work and Wenceslaus Hollar's evocative etchings, we delve into the Tower's role during the tumultuous English Civil War. The Tower of London, originally built as a royal palace and fortress, witnessed significant transformations over the centuries. Dugdale's historical account allows us to trace its evolution from a majestic residence to a formidable stronghold and, at times, a chilling prison for high-profile political figures. Hollar's meticulous etchings offer a glimpse into the Tower's architectural magnificence, while also capturing the eerie ambiance that pervaded the prison quarters

During the English Civil War, the Tower of London assumed new significance as the nation was engulfed in turmoil. It served as a bastion of power for the Crown, providing refuge for royalty and offering a strategic advantage to the ruling class. The Tower's massive stone walls echoed with the clashing of political ideologies, as opposing factions vied for control over the destiny of England.Within the Tower's somber confines, high-profile prisoners endured harrowing ordeals. Dugdale's narrative draws us into the chilling tales of those who once walked its corridors, sparking curiosity about their fates and the turbulent times in which they lived. From captured royalty to political dissidents, the Tower's dungeons held individuals whose destinies were inexorably linked to the fate of the realm.

Hollar's etchings further immerse us in the Tower's historical context. His intricate depictions portray the Tower as a formidable fortress, complete with battlements, turrets, and foreboding gates. The visual narratives bring to life the tower guards, prisoners, and courtiers who inhabited its walls, offering a poignant reminder of the Tower's dual nature as both a symbol of authority and a site of tragedy.

The primary sources not only shed light on the Tower's historical significance but also ignite contemplation about the broader historical context. Contrasting with the grandeur of the Chateau de Versailles during Louis XIV's reign, as depicted by Charles Le Brun, the Tower of London takes on a different tone - one of struggle and confinement amidst a backdrop of power and ambition.

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St. Pauls Cathedral

A visit to St. Paul's Cathedral during the English Civil War era offers a profound glimpse into the significance of religious ceremonies and the cathedral's enduring resilience. The primary sources, particularly Sir William Dugdale's "The History of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, From Its Foundation until These Times," and the illustrations by Wenceslaus Hollar, provide invaluable insights into the spiritual fervor and the architectural marvel that stood as a symbol of hope and piety during this turbulent period.The centerpiece of St. Paul's Cathedral is its remarkable dome, a marvel inspired by Michelangelo's design, symbolizing the indomitable spirit of humanity. Within Dugdale's historical account and Hollar's etchings, we find a vivid portrayal of the cathedral's crucial role during the catastrophic Great Fire of London in 1666. Despite the devastation that surrounded it, St. Paul's Cathedral emerged as a symbol of resilience and hope, standing tall as a testament to spiritual endurance.

The cathedral became a sacred haven during the English Civil War, hosting sermons and religious festivals that echoed the fervor and piety of the time. Dugdale's meticulous documentation sheds light on the religious ceremonies that took place within the sacred walls, offering solace and hope to people from all walks of life. The sermons delivered within the hallowed halls provided spiritual guidance and comfort to a population grappling with political unrest and social upheaval. Moreover, Dugdale's historical account unveils the enduring legacy of St. Paul's Cathedral as a cornerstone of London's religious and cultural life. The cathedral's history, spanning several centuries, intertwines with the unfolding events of the English Civil War and beyond, making it a significant witness to the ever-changing tapestry of British history.

As we delve into the primary sources, we gain an understanding of the cathedral's broader context within the tumultuous era. While Dugdale's work focuses on St. Paul's Cathedral, the selected bibliography of writings about Louis XIV by John B. Wolf presents a contrasting perspective, offering insights into the political and cultural climate surrounding the Chateau de Versailles and Louis XIV's reign. These parallel narratives emphasize the diverse religious and cultural landscape that shaped Europe during this transformative period.

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The Globe Theatre

Amidst the backdrop of the English Civil War, two remarkable landmarks emerged. Inviting us to immerse ourselves in the cultural and religious significance of the era. The Globe Theatre and St. Paul's Cathedral offer contrasting yet equally captivating windows into the world of theater and religious devotion during this transformative period.

The Globe Theatre, as brought to life through William Shakespeare's plays and other productions, transports us to a vibrant atmosphere of the Golden Age of the theater in London. Though the original Globe Theatre was lost to fire. Its essence endures in the reconstructed version, sending us to a vibrant atmosphere filled with raucous cheers from the audience and the aroma of ale wafting from nearby taverns. It was a place where memorable performances enchanted both commoners and aristocrats, fostering a dynamic cultural landscape amid the upheaval of the English Civil War.

The Globe Theatre, a legendary cultural institution in London, comes alive through the primary source "David Garrick Scrapbook Pages 041 - 059," curated by W. H. Brooke, George Daniel, R. B. Schnebbelie, C. J. Smith, and William Upcott. This invaluable collection provides a fascinating insight into the theater's history and its enduring impact on the artistic and social fabric of the English Civil War era.

The materials within the scrapbook capture the essence of the Globe Theatre's performances, from riveting Shakespearean plays to other spellbinding productions that graced it's stage. The brilliance of Shakespeare's language is reflected in the playbills, scripts, and reviews meticulously preserved within these pages. The actors' performances, in particular, those of the celebrated David Garrick, are lavishly praised, immortalizing their contribution to the theater's enduring fame. The Globe Theatre was more than a mere playhouse; it was a melting pot of social interaction, bringing together people from various backgrounds and social strata. The scrapbook includes illustrations and testimonies of the diverse audience that frequented the theater. Commoners and nobles, artisans and scholars, all gathered to partake in the magic of the stage, transcending the boundaries of class and uniting under the spell of theatrical art.

Furthermore, the scrapbook serves as a time capsule, chronicling the impact of the Globe Theatre on the broader cultural landscape. The theater's influence on literature, language, and society is evident through the reviews and written accounts of its time. As an enduring emblem of artistic expression, the Globe Theatre not only entertained but also challenged the norms and values of its era, igniting thought-provoking discussions and stimulating intellectual discourse.

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The Garden of Versailles

As I step into the enchanting Garden of Versailles, a world of beauty and grace unfolds before me. The garden exudes French Baroque style in every aspect, from the elegant fountains and statues to the symmetrical geometric patterns that adorn the landscape. The Garden, conceived by the artist Charles Le Brun between 1661 and 1678, stands as a symbol of the opulence and authority of Louis XIV's reign. As I travel through this sprawling paradise, I encounter courtiers leisurely strolling amid the natural splendor, while devoted gardeners work tirelessly to maintain its pristine state.

The expansive gardens cover approximately 800 hectares, an astonishing feat that exemplifies the scale of Louis XIV's ambitions. They feature a harmonious blend of natural elements and man-made features, combining the ordered geometric patterns with the gentle undulations of the landscape. The meticulously manicured lawns, neatly trimmed hedges, and precisely aligned pathways create a sense of perfect symmetry, reflecting the ideals of order and control that characterized the Baroque era.

The primary source, Charles Le Brun's "Chateau de Versailles" takes me on a visual journey through the magnificent Gardens, capturing the essence of their lavish design and detailing the grand promenades and splendid events that once graced these grounds. Through the intricate etchings, I can almost hear the echos of lively parties and performances, reminding me of the extravagance and splendor that defined Louis XIV's era.

In H.G. Judge's research on "Church and State under Louis XIV's" we gain a deeper understanding of the political and social context surrounding these parties. The royal court was the center of power and culture, and the gatherings in the gardens were not just extravagant social events but also political affairs. The parties served as opportunities for Louis XIV to assert his authority and strengthen his alliances with nobles and foreign dignitaries. The lavish displays of wealth and hospitality demonstrate the king's magnificence and power, leaving a lasting impression on the attendees and solidifying his status as the absolute monarch.

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The Palace of Versailles Through the Eye of Lana

As I stepped into the Palace of Versailles, the grandeur of Louis XIV's opulent world left me in awe. The construction of this building is a remarkable masterpiece that began in 1661. The Hall of Mirrors within the palace is a breathtaking sight, with a display of 357 mirrors and intricate chandeliers, once the backdrop for receptions and lavish dinners graced with nobles and foreign dignitaries. As I strolled through the halls, I could almost envision the lively conversations and the tantalizing scent of lavish feasts that once were in the air.

To deepen my understanding of this era, I dived into various primary source, each providing unique perspectives on the historical context and events that surrounded Louis and the Palace itself.

The extensive research of H. G. Judge in the journal "History" (Vol. 45, No. 155) offered valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between Church and State during Louis XIV's reign, shedding light on the intricacies of governance and authority that influenced Versailles' creation. Martin Lister's "A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698" provided vivid accounts of the vibrant Parisian life during that period, enabling me to envision the bustling city that served as the backdrop to the opulence of Versailles. As I delved into the accounts of "The History of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies," as well as "The Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth" (1649), I gained a broader understanding of the political intrigue and power dynamics prevalent during the era of absolute monarchies, which shaped the events and decisions surrounding the construction of Versailles.

In conclusion, my exploration of the primary sources and the mesmerizing Palace of Versailles has transported me back in time, allowing me to witness the splendor and allure of Louis XIV's world. The captivating accounts, images, and insights provided by these sources have deepened my appreciation for the historical significance of Versailles, its role in shaping the course of history, and the legacy of the Sun King's absolute monarchy.