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Department of Urology  

Urology, a branch of medicine, also known as genitourinary surgery focuses on the medical and surgical diseases of the urinary tract system. The kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, female and the male reproductive organs, viz testes, epididymis, prostate and the penis, come under the branch of Urology. The urinary and the reproductive tracts are linked to each other, thus disorder in one effect the other organ. Urology combines the management of non-surgical conditions, such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions like bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence.

AINU, offer sophisticated care with the passion to serve the people in need, by setting benchmarks for care using the latest possible techniques. We have a strong relationship amongst our doctors, nurses, administrative staff and family members of the patients, to ensure that utmost importance is given to each and every one. We have equipped with the state of the art equipment for evidence-based treatment. Our labs have the latest equipment, which responds with the results that have the minimum lead time.

We have a holistic approach to prostate cancer care. The treatment is given using lasers, in which we are the leaders in the field. Our team leaves no stone unturned to ensure that our passion for quality and service is felt by the patient and their caretakers respectively. World class experts are here book an appointment

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Kidney Transplantation - AINU Hyderabad - ainuindia.org

Department of Urology  

Urology, a branch of medicine, also known as genitourinary surgery focuses on the medical and surgical diseases of the urinary tract system. The kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, female and the male reproductive organs, viz testes, epididymis, prostate and the penis, come under the branch of Urology. The urinary and the reproductive tracts are linked to each other, thus disorder in one effect the other organ. Urology combines the management of non-surgical conditions, such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions like bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence.

AINU, offer sophisticated care with the passion to serve the people in need, by setting benchmarks for care using the latest possible techniques. We have a strong relationship amongst our doctors, nurses, administrative staff and family members of the patients, to ensure that utmost importance is given to each and every one. We have equipped with the state of the art equipment for evidence-based treatment. Our labs have the latest equipment, which responds with the results that have the minimum lead time.

We have a holistic approach to prostate cancer care. The treatment is given using lasers, in which we are the leaders in the field. Our team leaves no stone unturned to ensure that our passion for quality and service is felt by the patient and their caretakers respectively. World class experts are here book an appointment

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Anesthesiology

The Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care at the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU) has a highly integrated and collaborative team of expert anesthesiologists who are devoted to providing the best possible care and services to their patients. AINU, situated in Hyderabad, India, is a well-renowned hospital for Nephrology and Urology with a world-class infrastructure, advanced technology and distinguished team of expert doctors, nurses, paramedical and support staff.

Anesthesia means the loss of sensation in a part or the entire body. It can be achieved in the patients who are undergoing a surgery, as a result of administration of medications called anesthetics by a team of specialist doctors known as the anesthesiologists. The experienced team of nurses will assist anesthesiologist in the intensive care unit during your procedure but the judgments and decisions are taken by the anesthesiologist himself/herself only.

Why is it done?

An invasive surgical procedure like kidney surgery is intensely painful. Thus, the patients are numbed by administering anesthetics prior to performing such surgeries to prevent discomfort and pain. This enables a surgeon to accomplish a wide range of medical procedures.

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Kidney Dialysis procedure, types and risks | Best kidney Hospital in Hitec City  | AINU

When is dialysis needed?

You need dialysis when you develop end stage kidney failure --usually by the time you lose about 85 to 90 percent of your kidney function and have a GFR of <15. Click here to learn more about the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and GFR.

What does dialysis do?

When your kidneys fail, dialysis keeps your body in balance by:

removing     waste, salt and extra water to prevent them from building up in the body

keeping     a safe level of certain chemicals in your blood, such as potassium, sodium     and bicarbonate

helping     to control blood pressure

Is kidney failure permanent?

Usually, but not always. Some kinds of acute kidney failure, also known as acute renal failure, get better after treatment. In some cases of acute kidney failure, dialysis may only be needed for a short time until the kidneys get better.

In chronic or end stage kidney failure, your kidneys do not get better and you will need dialysis for the rest of your life. If your doctor says you are a candidate, you may choose to be placed on a waiting list for a new kidney.

 Where is dialysis done?

Dialysis can be done in a hospital, in a dialysis unit that is not part of a hospital, or at home. You and your doctor will decide which place is best, based on your medical condition and your wishes.

Are there different types of dialysis?

Yes, there are two types of dialysis --hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

What is hemodialysis?

In hemodialysis, an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) is used to remove waste and extra chemicals and fluid from your blood. To get your blood into the artificial kidney, the doctor needs to make an access (entrance) into your blood vessels. This is done by minor surgery to your arm or leg.

Sometimes, an access is made by joining an artery to a vein under your skin to make a bigger blood vessel called a fistula.

However, if your blood vessels are not adequate for a fistula, the doctor may use a soft plastic tube to join an artery and a vein under your skin. This is called a graft.

Occasionally, an access is made by means of a narrow plastic tube, called a catheter, which is inserted into a large vein in your neck. This type of access may be temporary, but is sometimes used for long-term treatment.

Click here to learn more about hemodialysis

How long do hemodialysis treatments last?

The time needed for your dialysis depends on:

how     well your kidneys work

how     much fluid weight you gain between treatments

how     much waste you have in your body

how big     you are

the     type of artificial kidney used

Usually, each hemodialysis treatment lasts about four hours and is done three times per week.

A type of hemodialysis called high-flux dialysis may take less time. You can speak to your doctor to see if this is an appropriate treatment for you.

What is peritoneal dialysis and how does it work?

In this type of dialysis, your blood is cleaned inside your body. The doctor will do surgery to place a plastic tube called a catheter into your abdomen (belly) to make an access. During the treatment, your abdominal area (called the peritoneal cavity) is slowly filled with dialysate through the catheter. The blood stays in the arteries and veins that line your peritoneal cavity. Extra fluid and waste products are drawn out of your blood and into the dialysate. There are two major kinds of peritoneal dialysis.

Click here to learn more about peritoneal dialysis

What are the different kinds of peritoneal dialysis and how do they work?

There are several kinds of peritoneal dialysis but two major ones are: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD).

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is the only type of peritoneal dialysis that is done without machines. You do this yourself, usually four or five times a day at home and/or at work. You put a bag of dialysate (about two quarts) into your peritoneal cavity through the catheter. The dialysate stays there for about four or five hours before it is drained back into the bag and thrown away. This is called an exchange. You use a new bag of dialysate each time you do an exchange. While the dialysate is in your peritoneal cavity, you can go about your usual activities at work, at school or at home.

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) usually is done at home using a special machine called a cycler. This is similar to CAPD except that a number of cycles (exchanges) occur. Each cycle usually lasts 1-1/2 hours and exchanges are done throughout the night while you sleep.

Will dialysis help cure the kidney disease?

No. Dialysis does some of the work of healthy kidneys, but it does not cure your kidney disease. You will need to have dialysis treatments for your whole life unless you are able to get a kidney transplant.

Is dialysis uncomfortable?

You may have some discomfort when the needles are put into your fistula or graft, but most patients have no other problems. The dialysis treatment itself is painless. However, some patients may have a drop in their blood pressure. If this happens, you may feel sick to your stomach, vomit, have a headache or cramps. With frequent treatments, those problems usually go away.

How long has dialysis been available?

Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis have been done since the mid 1940's. Dialysis, as a regular treatment, was begun in 1960 and is now a standard treatment all around the world. CAPD began in 1976. Thousands of patients have been helped by these treatments.

How long can you live on dialysis?

If your kidneys have failed, you will need to have dialysis treatments for your whole life unless you are able to get a kidney transplant.  Life expectancy on dialysis can vary depending on your other medical conditions and how well you follow your treatment plan. Average life expectancy on dialysis is 5-10 years, however, many patients have lived well on dialysis for 20 or even 30 years. Talk to your healthcare team about how to take care of yourself and stay healthy on dialysis.

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Department of Radiology/ Uroradiology

Radiology is the branch of science which is concerned with the application of radiation and imaging techniques for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The use of radiology techniques in the field of nephrology or urology is regarded as Uro-radiology. The doctor or person who specializes in the radiology is known as the radiologist and the person who specializes in uroradiology is regarded as uro-radiologist.

The Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU), situated in Hyderabad, India, is a premier institute for Nephrology and Urology with a world-class infrastructure, advanced technology and distinguished team of expert doctors, nurses, paramedical and support staff.

The Institute has a well-established Radiology Department which is fully fledged with facilities like X-ray, CT scan, Ultrasonography, Uroflowmetry and Cystometry. The Institute offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art diagnostic uro-radiology and image-guided interventional services which are handled by the expert team of radiologists/ uro-radiologists. Whether there is an emergency or just a routine diagnostics, the department offers services round-the-clock.

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6 Easy Ways To Prevent Kidney Stones | Best kidney hospital in hitec city

1. Don’t Underestimate Your Sweat. Saunas, hot yoga and heavy exercise may be good for your health, but they also may lead to kidney stones. Why? Loss of water through sweating – whether due to these activities or just the heat of summer—leads to less urine production. The more you sweat, the less you urinate, which allows for stone-causing minerals to settle and bond in the kidneys and urinary tract. Instead: Hydrate with H2O. One of the best measures you can take to avoid kidney stones is to drink plenty of water, leading you to urinate a lot. So, be sure to keep well hydrated, especially when engaging in exercise or activities that cause a lot of sweating.

2. It’s Not Just the Oxalate. Oxa-what? Oxalate is naturally found in many foods, including fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, grains, legumes, and even chocolate and tea. Some examples of foods that contain high levels of oxalate include: peanuts, rhubarb, spinach, beets, chocolate and sweet potatoes. Moderating intake of these foods may be beneficial for people who form calcium oxalate stones, the leading type of kidney stones. A common misconception is that cutting the oxalate-rich foods in your diet alone will reduce the likelihood of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. While in theory this might be true, this approach isn’t smart from an overall health perspective. Most kidney stones are formed when oxalate binds to calcium while urine is produced by the kidneys. Instead: Eat and drink calcium and oxalate-rich foods together during a meal. In doing so, oxalate and calcium are more likely to bind to one another in the stomach and intestines before the kidneys begin processing, making it less likely that kidney stones will form.

3. Calcium is Not the Enemy. But it tends to get a bad rap! Most likely due to its name and composition, many are under the impression that calcium is the main culprit in calcium-oxalate stones. “I still see patients who wonder why they are getting recurring stones despite cutting down on their calcium intake,” said Dr. Jhagroo. “I’ve even had patients say that their doctors told them to reduce their calcium intake.” A diet low in calcium actually increases one’s risk of developing kidney stones. Instead: Don’t reduce the calcium. Work to cut back on the sodium in your diet and to pair calcium-rich foods with oxalate-rich foods.

4. It’s Not One and Done. Passing a kidney stone is often described as one of the most painful experiences a person can have, but unfortunately, it’s not always a one-time event. Studies have shown that having even one stone greatly increases your chances of having another. “Most people will want to do anything they can to ensure it doesn’t happen again,” said Dr. Jhagroo. “Unfortunately, it doesn’t seem to be the case that people make the changes they need to after their first stone event.” Research conducted by Dr. Jhagroo shows that those with kidney stones do not always heed the advice of their nephrologists and urinary specialists. About 15% of kidney stone patients didn’t take prescribed medications and 41% did not follow the nutritional advice that would keep stones from recurring. Instead: Take action! Without the right medications and diet adjustments, stones can come back, and recurring kidney stones also could be an indicator of other problems, including kidney disease.

5. When Life Hands You Kidney Stones… don’t fret. And as the saying goes, “make lemonade.” It’s important to consider dietary remedies alongside prescription medications. While it may seem easier to just take a pill to fix a medical problem, consider what lifestyle changes will also make a big impact on your health. Instead: Next time you drive past a lemonade (or limeade) stand, consider your kidneys. Chronic kidney stones are often treated with potassium citrate, but studies have shown that limeade, lemonade and other fruits and juices high in natural citrate offers the same stone-preventing benefits. Beware of the sugar, though, because it can increase kidney stone risk. Instead, buy sugar-free lemonade, or make your own by mixing lime or lemon juice with water and using a sugar substitute if needed. “We believe that citrate in the urine may prevent the calcium from binding with other constituents that lead to stones,” said Dr. Jhagroo. “Also, some evidence suggests that citrate may prevent crystals that are already present from binding with each other, thus preventing them from getting bigger.”

6. Not All Stones are Created Equal. In addition to calcium oxalate stones, another common type of kidney stones is uric acid stones. Red meat, organ meats, and shellfish have high concentrations of a natural chemical compound known as purines. “High purine intake leads to a higher production of uric acid and produces a larger acid load for the kidneys to excrete,” said Dr. Jhagroo. Higher uric acid excretion leads to lower overall urine pH, which means the urine is more acidic. The high acid concentration of the urine makes it easier for uric acid stones to form. Instead: To prevent uric acid stones, cut down on high-purine foods such as red meat, organ meats, and shellfish, and follow a healthy diet that contains mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and low fat dairy products. Limit sugar-sweetened foods and drinks, especially those that contain high fructose corn syrup. Limit alcohol because it can increase uric acid levels in the blood and avoid crash diets for the same reason..Eating less animal-based protein and eating more fruits and vegetables will help decrease urine acidity and this will help reduce the chance for stone formation.

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Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU) is a world – class, single-specialty, renal sciences hospital in Hyderabad. It was established in the year 2013. AINU is among the few urology and nephrology-focused tertiary care hospitals in South India, offering a full suite of medical and surgical services, day care services and supporting services. It is one of the youngest hospitals in the country to achieve NABH accreditation, within two years from its inception.

The facilities at AINU combine state-of-the-art amenities and world-class service standards. It has 100 beds, 3 operating rooms equipped with state-of-the-art equipment, a 9-Bedded Surgical ICU, a 3-Bedded Day Care Ward, 15-Bedded Hemodialysis Unit and Comprehensive diagnostics support facilities

We constantly strive to make a difference to clinical outcomes for the patients by ensuring that we have highly qualified & experienced team along with latest technology/technique to deliver outstanding clinical outcomes.

Department of Urology offers advanced urological care. AINU is recognized as a referral centre for high end and complex Endoscopic and Laparoscopic procedures. It offers the complete gamut of diagnostics and treatment for stone disease, urology cancers, prostate diseases, reconstructive urology surgery, laparoscopic urology, erectile dysfunction and andrology.

Department of Nephrology offers treatment for acute, chronic and end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) and world-class dialysis unit. Our distinguished team of doctors, nurses and technicians take extreme care of transplant patients from pre-operative to the post-operative stage.

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Best kidney hospital in Hyderabad | Best nephro and uro hopsital in hitec City

Emergency Nephrology Services

Emergency teams at AINU are specially trained to handle all sorts of emergencies. The emergency team is backed up by the the continuous supervision of critical care experts. Emergency team handles patients with nephrology and urology related emergencies such as Respiratory distress, encephalopathy and dyselectrolytemia. All the infection control measurers are stringently followed while dealing with emergency procedures. At AINU, we have developed the best possible protocols to treat all Nephrology and Urology related emergencies.

Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology (AINU) is a world – class, single-specialty, renal sciences hospital in Hyderabad. It was established in the year 2013. AINU is among the few urology and nephrology-focused tertiary care hospitals in South India, offering a full suite of medical and surgical services, day care services and supporting services. It is one of the youngest hospitals in the country to achieve NABH accreditation, within two years from its inception. World class experts are here book an appointment 

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Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology is a “Centre of Excellence” for Urology and Nephrology. It is one of South India’s leading renal sciences hospital. Located in Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, AINU provides a comprehensive range of clinical services in the field of Urology and Nephrology care, with experienced team of doctors, nurses and para-medical technicians to deliver medical excellence at every level of patient care.

AINU ranks among India’s best healthcare institutes for renal care. We constantly strive to make a difference to clinical outcomes for the patients by ensuring that we have highly qualified & experienced team along with latest technology/technique to deliver outstanding clinical outcomes.

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5 Tips to get rid of kidney diseases in winter | Best Kidney Hospital | AINU

Kidney disease doesn’t have to hold you back from making the most of the winter season. Prioritize both your health and your happiness this year and make it the best one yet!

Even though we hoped it might never arrive, winter is most definitely here! And it brings with it the inevitable colds, coughs and other illnesses that mark this time of year. But a few simple tips can help you fully enjoy the season without compromising your health.

Get a flu shot:

 Patients with kidney disease need a flu shot! Double check with your doctor first, but nearly all patients with kidney disease should plan to get a flu shot and head off this year’s strain of the nasty virus. And yes, you do need a shot, as the nasal spray version can put people with underlying medical conditions at greater risk of complications. Check your local pharmacy or doctor’s office for availability, as many offer walk-in appointments for flu shots.

Stay hydrated: 

Dry winter weather is rough on your skin and your kidneys. Drink plenty of water, especially if the cold makes you reach for another cup of coffee, which can dehydrate you even more. Those on dialysis should be careful to watch their fluid intake and stock up on gentle, unscented lotions and lip balms to avoid uncomfortable cracks and dryness.

Keep exercising:

Don’t let the cold weather slow you down! Bring the family along—visit an ice-skating rink or bundle up for a walk around town. Try out interesting new fitness classes to shake things up, as many gyms will offer a free trial to newcomers. If the weather outside is just too foul, stay fit indoors (no fancy gym or equipment required) with body weight exercises using your stairs, a chair or the floor. Consult your doctor to see what works for your fitness level.

Get enough sleep:

 Shoot for seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Sleeping less than seven hours or more than nine hours can have negative effects on cardiovascular health and blood pressure. High-quality sleep is important to reduce stress and keep energy levels up throughout the day. Caffeine, artificial light or intense physical activity close to bedtime can make it harder to get some good shut-eye. Prioritize your sleep just as much as you prioritize your diet!

Eat a balanced diet:

 It’s easy to fall into bad habits when surrounded by cozy comfort foods. Keep things healthy but interesting by trying out new recipes using fresh winter produce like squash, carrots, and even parsnips and turnips. Instead of sugar-heavy desserts, reach for a small handful of dried fruit, a baked apple or yogurt. Use slow cookers to make easy hot meals like chili, overnight oatmeal, delicious meat dishes, and more with minimal effort. Control portion sizes to avoid overeating and exacerbate heartburn, an already common side effect of some kidney and immunosuppression drugs. Download the National Kidney Foundation’s My Food Coach app for recipe ideas, especially for modified diets. There are a million and one ways to maintain a healthy diet, even a restricted one, during the winter—try a few things and see what works for you!

Keep your hands clean:

 With cold and flu viruses making the rounds, regular hand washing is an easy way to fight seasonal illness. Keep hand sanitizer handy in your car or purse, avoid touching public pens or doors as much as possible, and wipe down high-touch surfaces like keyboards, phones, doorknobs and faucets around the house to beat back germs.

Relax:

 Don’t stress. Spend time with friends, enjoy the company of your family, or relax with a quiet cup of tea—whatever you enjoy. Socializing has been shown to help bolster the immune system, while stress can exacerbate illness and disrupt sleep, further depressing your immune response. Kidney disease can be difficult, but the National Kidney Foundation has many resources available to support you, including peer mentoring and on-call clinicians to answer your questions.

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Avoid thirst & dehydration during warm months – CKD patients

As the temperatures begin to rise in accordance with the summer season, warm days can be a challenge particularly if you are a Chronic Kidney Disease patient who under go Dialysis has common fluid restrictions, which can cause to feel extra thirsty and dehydrated. Hence, Chronic Kidney Disease patients who must undergo Dialysis to maintain their lives should be very selective about the types and amounts of fluid they consume especially during these warm months of summer.

As most know, each Dialysis patient has a different allowance for daily fluid depending on physical activity level, body size and urine output. However, as a rule of thumb, the average Chronic Kidney Disease patient who conducts Dialysis is limited to approximately 32 to 50 fluid ounces per day.

Going over the recommended fluid allowance may lead to weight gain, increase in Blood Pressure, Edema (swelling) in the feet, ankles, wrists, face and around the eyes, abdominal bloating, shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs, and heart problems – which can include a fast pulse, weakened heart muscles and an enlarged heart.

When it comes to hydrating, all beverages are not equal. For Chronic Kidney Disease patients who conduct Dialysis, water is probably the best bet to stay hydrated. It is suggested that drinks such as coffee, black tea and cocoa are very high in Purines which are toxins that must be diluted in large quantities of water to be flushed from the body. Hence, caffeinated, sweetened and alcoholic drinks carry chemicals or trigger chemical reactions that demand significant amounts of fluid to properly process and filter out of the body.

Therefore, while consumption of beverages such as coffee and tea is fine for most Dialysis patients, they should be extremely careful to limit the intake of such fluids since certain options may not appropriately hydrate them. When a Chronic Kidney Disease patient is thirsty and needs hydration relief they should stick primarily with water. Pick up the fruits like raspberries or vegetables like cucumbers to your water.

Of course Dialysis patients can improve hydration while limiting fluid intake by chewing ice or enjoying frozen fruits such as grapes. Still, patients should try to limit salt and if a Dialysis patient does exceed his or her fluid allowance, he or she may require an extra Dialysis Treatment Session to remove fluid buildup.

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Alport Syndrome:

Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. People with Alport syndrome experience progressive loss of kidney function.

Causes Alport Syndrome is an inherited disease of the kidney. It is caused by genetic mutations that affect the type IV collagen family of proteins. Type IV collagen is a major part of important tissue structures called basement membranes that are present in all tissues including the kidney, inner ear, and eye.

Types of Alport Syndrome There are three genetic types:

X-linked Alport Syndrome (XLAS) is the most common; in these families affected males typically have more severe disease than affected females.

In autosomal recessive Alport Syndrome (ARAS) the severity of disease in affected males and females is similar.

There is also an autosomal dominant form (ADAS) which affects males and females with equal severity.

Signs and symptoms With all types of Alport syndrome the kidneys are affected. The tiny blood vessels in the glomeruli of the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter the wastes and extra fluid in your body. Many people with Alport syndrome also have hearing problems and abnormalities with their eyes.

Other signs and symptoms may include:

Blood in the urine (hematuria), the most common and earliest sign of Alport syndrome

Protein in the urine (proteinuria)

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Swelling in the legs, ankle, feet and around the eyes (called edema)

These signs and symptoms may differ, based on age, gender and inherited type of Alport syndrome. For example, hearing and vision problems tend to be more common in males than females and high blood pressure is usually found later in life.

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What is  Alport Syndrome ? | urology | nephrology | AINU

Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. People with Alport syndrome experience progressive loss of kidney function.

Causes Alport Syndrome is an inherited disease of the kidney. It is caused by genetic mutations that affect the type IV collagen family of proteins. Type IV collagen is a major part of important tissue structures called basement membranes that are present in all tissues including the kidney, inner ear, and eye.

Types of Alport Syndrome There are three genetic types:

X-linked Alport Syndrome (XLAS) is the most common; in these families affected males typically have more severe disease than affected females.

In autosomal recessive Alport Syndrome (ARAS) the severity of disease in affected males and females is similar.

There is also an autosomal dominant form (ADAS) which affects males and females with equal severity.

Signs and symptoms With all types of Alport syndrome the kidneys are affected. The tiny blood vessels in the glomeruli of the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter the wastes and extra fluid in your body. Many people with Alport syndrome also have hearing problems and abnormalities with their eyes.

Other signs and symptoms may include:

Blood in the urine (hematuria), the most common and earliest sign of Alport syndrome

Protein in the urine (proteinuria)

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Swelling in the legs, ankle, feet and around the eyes (called edema)

These signs and symptoms may differ, based on age, gender and inherited type of Alport syndrome. For example, hearing and vision problems tend to be more common in males than females and high blood pressure is usually found later in life.

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Overview

Penectomy: Surgical removal of entire cancerous penis is called Total penectomy. However partial penectomy is more commonly done procedure, in which only a part of penis is removed enabling the patient to urinate in standing position. We also frequently perform various penile sparing procedures such as glansectomy (removal of glans penis only) and excision of cancerous lesion alone in case of very small tumors.

Groin node dissections (Complete ilioinguinal or modified inguinal node dissection) : Penile cancer usually spreads to groin nodes followed by pelvic lymph nodes. These nodes are surgically removed depending on the extent of nodal involvement.

Risk Factors

HPV Infection

Smoking

Age

Smegma

Phimosis

Psoriasis Treatment

Symptoms

Growth or sore on the penis, especially on the glans or foreskin, but cancer also occurs on the shaft

Changes in the color of the penis

Thickening of the skin on the penis

Persistent discharge with a foul odor beneath the foreskin

Blood coming from the tip of the penis or from under the foreskin

Unexplained pain in the shaft or tip of the penis

Irregular or growing bluish-brown flat lesions or marks beneath the foreskin or on the penis

Reddish, velvety rash beneath the foreskin

Small, crusty bumps beneath the foreskin

Swollen lymph nodes in the groin

Diagnosis

Biopsy

Inguinal (groin) lymph node dissection

X-ray

CT Scan

MRI Scan

Treatment Options

Laser therapy

Cryosurgery

Circumcision

Excision

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best kidney hospital in hitec city hyderabad | Prostate Cancer | nephrology |  ainu

What Is Prostate Cancer?

Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer cells, and can then spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen.

The prostate is below the bladder (the hollow organ where urine is stored) and in front of the rectum (the last part of the intestines). Just behind the prostate are glands called seminal vesicles that make most of the fluid for semen. The urethra, which is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body through the penis, goes through the center of the prostate.

Types of prostate cancer

Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers develop from the gland cells (the cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen).

Other types of cancer that can start in the prostate include:

Small cell carcinomas

Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)

Transitional cell carcinomas

Sarcomas

These other types of prostate cancer are rare. If you are told you have prostate cancer, it is almost certain to be an adenocarcinoma.

Some prostate cancers grow and spread quickly, but most grow slowly. In fact, autopsy studies show that many older men (and even some younger men) who died of other causes also had prostate cancer that never affected them during their lives. In many cases, neither they nor their doctors even knew they had it.

Possible pre-cancerous conditions of the prostate

Some research suggests that prostate cancer starts out as a pre-cancerous condition, although this is not yet known for sure. These conditions are sometimes found when a man has a prostate biopsy (removal of small pieces of the prostate to look for cancer).

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

In PIN, there are changes in how the prostate gland cells look when seen with a microscope, but the abnormal cells don’t look like they are growing into other parts of the prostate (like cancer cells would). Based on how abnormal the patterns of cells look, they are classified as:

Low-grade PIN: The patterns of prostate cells appear almost normal.

High-grade PIN: The patterns of cells look more abnormal.

Low-grade PIN is not thought to be related to a man’s risk of prostate cancer. On the other hand, high-grade PIN is thought to be a possible precursor to prostate cancer. If you have a prostate biopsy and high-grade PIN is found, there is a greater chance that you might develop prostate cancer over time.

PIN begins to appear in the prostates of some men as early as in their 20s. But many men with PIN will never develop prostate cancer.

For more on PIN, see Tests to Diagnose and Stage Prostate Cancer.

India has one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing populations of aging men. While it is commonly known that men in this age group suffer from ailments like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, even cataract, the huge burden of morbidity imposed by a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH – suffered by many of these very men, is largely unheard of by the public. BPH is an age-related enlargement of the prostate which creates an obstruction to the outflow path of urine, producing troublesome symptoms that lead to the increased daytime frequency of urination, getting up frequently from sleep at night to pass urine, straining to improve the weak stream of urine, and feeling incompletely satisfied even after having just passed urine.

Research data from India show that almost 65% of men aged 40 years and above suffered from these annoying symptoms. Then why are most of these patient’s ‘unseen’?

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