#whittier college

[aiiaiiiyo]

[todaysdocument]

Students at Whittier School at the Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) learn to knit for the war effort. August 5, 1918.

Record Group 165: Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs

Series: American Unofficial Collection of World War I Photographs

File Unit: Colleges and Universities - Hampton Institute

Image description: Four girls and a young woman sit on a porch. Each has a ball of yarn on her lap and is knitting. They are all wearing light-colored dresses. The teaching institute and associated school were created to serve the Black community; all of the people in the photo are Black. 

Transcription: WAR ACTIVITIES OF HAMPTON INSTITUTE, HAMPTON, VA. / Whittier School girls learning to knit for war sufferers. 

[vintagepipemen]

Unidentified student, Whittier College, 1965.

[shunnedmorlock]

Hi! Im so interested in your alicent = richard nixon, rhaenyra = john f. kennedy parallels thing .Do you mind explaining?

Have a good day/night!

yeah so a lot of this is inspired by Nixonland by Rick Perlstein which is one of the best books you'll find on the 1960s and early 70s and Nixon in particular. really if you're interested at all in American conservatism check all his books out, they're amazing. also want to preface this with the fact that this isn't based on their political ideologies because neither Rhaenyra nor Alicent really have one beyond "Targaryen absolutism" and "Faith-backed feudalism" respectively. there is no left and no right because there is no French revolution

but basically, Perlstein's thesis is that a lot of how Nixon viewed politics and how he gained power went back to his time at Whittier College. now Whittier had a couple of prominent social clubs, most notably, the Franklins, which were old-money, sophisticated elites. Nixon was not born into wealth - he was born to a family that did own a bit of land/business, but constantly struggled to make ends meet and were always precarious. for lack of a better term, he was white trash - the "used car salesman" thing is actually a jab at this since it's a middle-class but low-prestige occupation. naturally, he did not gel well with the Franklins at Whittier, and so he was one of the founding members of a new social club for the ladder-climbing social strivers who also felt looked-down upon by sophisticated elites: the Orthogonians. John F. Kennedy, on the other hand, was probably the living embodiment of the "Franklin" - even his liberalism came from the type of noblesse oblige that infuriated the petit-bourgeoisie Nixon. so losing to Nixon kind of drove him crazy.

you can do even more psychoanalysis on Nixon and his class resentments of liberal elites (READ NIXONLAND) but i'll stop it there. Rhaenyra is a Franklin: she has never once been in doubt that she will live an extraordinarily privileged life. For her, being an elite comes so naturally that she often doesn't even register that she is an elite. encounters with the lower classes engender a mix of disgust and patrician obligation. Though this self-assuredness can make her arrogant and reckless at times, it also gives her a sort of magnetism that draws people to follow her (Alicent, Criston, in the books all those random petty lords and hedge knights and smallfolk in the Riverlands who remember the Realm's Delight). She has vaguely liberal/cosmopolitan sensibilities (caring too much about homosexuality or adultery is just so gauche, darling), but isn't a revolutionary.

Alicent, on the other hand, is an Orthogonian. she doesn't come from nothing - far from it! but the privileges she does possess don't come from dynastic wealth, but her father having a good job that he got through (relatively) meritocratic means. Alicent and Otto are painfully aware that whatever privileges they possess come from Otto being useful to the Targaryens, and should either make a misstep, they would have to go to their brother/uncle on bended knee to beg for a handout. This makes both Otto and Alicent both deeply neurotic and even paranoid, but also extremely hard-working and driven.

important to keep in mind that neither of these are strictly speaking "good" things to be and the vast majority of Westerosi people (peasants, laborers, pretty much all commoners except maybe wealthy merchants or artisans) do not fall into either of these categories

[praetoravila]

distant memories tucked away

a/n: based slightly off an old baby photo that i found from my first birthday. once again, i have so many feelings about wren and olive and nowhere to put them. also peep me trying to figure out la geography. i hc that when wren first moved to la at 16, she got an apartment in boyle heights and she lived there until olive was about three years old. then she moved to a bigger studio apartment in central la, before she moved to the palm woods which is nearby LAX. if you want a soundtrack for this drabble, listen to everything i know from in the heights original broadway cast recording. it sets the tone perfectly.

taglist: @myloveforhergoeson @ceruleanmusings @raging-violets @bibaybe @daughter-of-melpomene @nolanhollogay @ithinkyouhealedmyheart @selangkir @happinessismagicc

There are two copies of the photo. One of them rests on the corkboard in Olive’s room, amongst others of her and Wren and distant cousins, and the people they lived with in Whittier Place off of Boyle Street.

The other lies tucked into Wren’s box of Olive’s baby clothes and toys. The box that resides under her bed.

The photo is simple. Olive is a baby, maybe a year old. Wren is still clearly a teenager. Her hair is pulled back into a ponytail and she’s grinning at the camera, trying to get Olive to smile as well. Her gold Chicana approved earrings glimmer in the LA sun.

Olive on the other hand is dressed in a red shirt with strawberries decorating it. Her pants which inevitably end up stained are a thin white linen.

She’s holding a popsicle, red coloured juice flowing down her fingers.

Even as a baby, she has wide brown eyes that stare off into the distance. Wren’s fingers are smushed against her cheeks, trying to make her giggle. It’s a total and utter failure.

Wren doesn’t remember who took the photo. It might have been Ricky Rodriguez from apartment 232, or Mrs. Madga Perez from across the hall.

Hell it could be anyone, but she knows it wasn’t one of their parents.

She had been living on her own for three years at this point.

In five years, Olive will start to spend every summer with her. In seven years, Olive will move into her apartment full time.

At fourteen and twenty four, they will move into the Palm Woods.

At fourteen and three quarters and twenty four, Olive will get arrested and Wren will wonder how she failed her sister that badly.

At fifteen, Olive falls in love for the first time and Wren prays to a God that she isn’t quite sure she believes in that it works out.

(Spoiler alert, after a lot of tough moments and a lot of teenage stupidity, eventually it does.)

But for now, they are immortalized in a photo taken on someone’s shitty old Canon at a neighborhood block party. Olive is still just a baby with wide eyes and a gummy smile, and Wren should be in college but she’s chasing her dreams of becoming an actress, and the LA sun is beaming down on both of their face.

[scotianostra]

The Poet and author George MacDonald died on September 18th 1905.

George MacDonald might not be a name you are familiar with, but he was friends and was admired by some of the 19th century’s most famous writers, as seen in the group pic.

After being raised in Huntley, Aberdeenshire, by devout Calvinist parents, he attended King's College in Aberdeen. At Highbury Theological College, he received his divinity degree, and in 1850 he became a pastor of a Congregational church in Arundel. Early the following year, he married Louisa Powell, with whom he enjoyed a long and happy marriage.

McDonald was forced to resign his pulpit in 1853 because he liked to dabble in "German theology," meaning the new higher critical approach to biblical studies emerging from that country. He never took another church but spent the rest of his life lecturing, preaching, and especially writing.

Between 1851 and 1897, he wrote over 50 books in all manner of genre: novels, plays, essays, sermons, poems, and fairy tales. And then there were his two fantasies for adults, Phantastes and Lilith. During these years, Lewis Carroll became a good friend and gave him the first manuscript of Alice in Wonderland to read to his children. Other British literary luminaries—like John Ruskin, Charles Kingsley, Lord Tennyson, and Matthew Arnold—were among his associates and admirers.

When McDonald visited the United States in 1872 for a lecture tour, the likes of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Mark Twain paid him homage. After his stay in New York City, one large Fifth Avenue church offered him the almost unheard of salary of $20,000 a year to become its pastor. MacDonald thought the idea preposterous.

His success did not exempt him from more-than-ordinary suffering. Poverty plagued him so much that his family occasionally faced literal starvation. His own lungs were diseased, and tuberculosis killed two brothers and two half-sisters. It also ravaged his children, four of whom died before him. He himself had a stroke at age 74 and lapsed into virtual silence for the last seven years of his life.

C.S. Lewis who wrote that he regarded MacDonald as his "master": "Picking up a copy of Phantastes one day at a train-station bookstall, I began to read. A few hours later," said Lewis, "I knew that I had crossed a great frontier” G K Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin as a book that had "made a difference to my whole existence."

Looking through George McDonalds poems I found amongst them two very famous one, Little Boy Blue, and Little Bo Peep. Now am not sure if he first created them, but just to see these was an eye opener. Most of his verse is religious, but I found one I really like in the Scots Tongue.

ANE BY ANE.

Ane by ane they gang awa’,

The Getherer gethers grit an smaa;

Ane by ane maks ane an aa.

Aye whan ane sets doun the cup

Ane ahint maun tak it up:

Yet thegither thy will sup!

Goulden-heidit, ripe an strang,

Shorn will be the hairst or lang:

Syne begins a better sang!

[coraniaid]

Enoch Powell (Bachelor of Arts in classics, Cambridge University, 1933)

Richard Nixon (Bachelor of Arts in history, Whittier College, 1934)

Antonin Scalia (Bachelor of Arts in history, Georgetown University, 1957)

Newt Gingrich (Bachelor of Arts in history, Emory University, 1965)

George W Bush (Bachelor of Arts in history, Yale University, 1968)

Mitt Romney (Bachelor of Arts in English, Brigham Young University, 1971)

Clarence Thomas (Bachelor of Arts in English literature, College of the Holy Cross, 1971)

John Roberts (Bachelor of Arts in history, Harvard University, 1976)

Mike Pence (Bachelor of Arts in history, Hanover College, 1981)

Boris Johnson (Bachelor of Arts in literae humaniores/classics, Oxford University, 1987)

Brett Kavanaugh (Bachelor of Arts in history, Yale University, 1987)

Amy Coney Barrett (Bachelor of Arts in English literature, Rhodes College, 1994)

Ron DeSantis (Bachelor of Arts in history, Yale University, 2001)

Josh Hawley (Bachelor of Arts in history, Stanford University, 2002)

Not to question the collective wisdom of Tumblr, but do you think it might be possible that studying for a humanities degree doesn't magically make you a fully rounded human being with good politics?

[john-anderson112]

Glenn Thompkins received the Glenn Davis Award for high school football excellence

Glenn Thompkins, the star quarterback of Rialto Eisenhower High, made headlines once again as he was honored with the prestigious Glenn Davis Award for his outstanding performance in Southern California's high school football scene. Just two days after leading his team to victory in the Southern Section Division I championship, Thompkins received this coveted award during a ceremony held in Riverside.

Named after the esteemed Heisman Trophy winner who attended Army and Bonita High in La Verne, the Glenn Davis Award is presented annually by The Times. It serves as a testament to the remarkable talent and dedication demonstrated by high school football players in the region.

At the age of 17, Thompkins, a three-year starter for the Eagles, showcased his versatility and prowess on the field throughout the season. With an impressive 14-0 record under his leadership, the team secured their championship title by defeating Santa Ana Mater Dei with a resounding score of 56-3 at Anaheim Stadium. In this decisive game, Thompkins exhibited his multifaceted skill set by throwing for 174 yards and three touchdowns, along with rushing for 71 yards and an additional touchdown. Not content with just offensive contributions, he also made significant defensive plays, breaking up several passes and returning two punts.

Tom Hoak, Eisenhower’s coach, attributed the team's undefeated season to Thompkins, emphasizing his versatility and ability to excel in any position on the field. Standing at 5 feet 9 inches and weighing 163 pounds, Thompkins amassed impressive statistics throughout the season, passing for 1,214 yards and rushing for 717. Additionally, he showcased his defensive prowess by starting in various positions, including inside linebacker and end.

Thompkins' remarkable performance on the field has garnered attention from numerous colleges and universities, with notable institutions such as Notre Dame, Oklahoma, and Kansas vying for his talents. However, it is widely anticipated that Thompkins will sign with UCLA, where he is expected to continue his football career at the collegiate level.

Among other notable finalists for the Glenn Davis Award were quarterback Keith Smith of Newbury Park and tight end/linebacker Tony Gonzalez of Huntington Beach. The Times also recognized outstanding players and coaches from various circulation regions, highlighting their contributions to high school football:

In the Central City region, honorees included Norman Ysaguirre from Dorsey High (lineman), William Yates from Fremont High (back), and Taja Rodisha from Fremont High (coach).

The Inland Empire region featured standout players such as Coleman Johnson from Riverside Poly (lineman) and Gary Campbell from Norco High (coach).

Orange County's honorees included Tony Gonzalez from Huntington Beach High (lineman), Chris Draft from Placentia Valencia High (back), and Myron Miller from Costa Mesa High (coach).

San Fernando Valley recognized players like Keith Schiele from Lancaster Antelope Valley High (lineman), Mike Kocicka from Newhall Hart High (back), and Richard Fong from Panorama City St. Genevieve High (coach).

The San Gabriel Valley region celebrated talents such as Pene Talamaivao from Pomona Ganesha High (lineman), Miguel Meriwether from West Covina High (back), and Bob Mount from West Covina High (coach).

South Bay's standout players included John Welbourn from Palos Verdes Peninsula High (lineman), Omarr Morgan from Hawthorne High (back), and Don Morrow from Manhattan Beach Mira Costa High (coach).

South Coast region recognized talents like Brandon Whiting from Long Beach Poly High (lineman), Danjuan McGee from Long Beach Poly High (back), and Willie Donerson from Compton Dominguez High (coach).

Southeast region honored players such as Jerry Lemon from La Mirada High (lineman), Greg Ford from Whittier High (back), and Darrell Walsh from Cerritos Gahr High (coach).

Ventura region celebrated players like Leodes Van Buren from Newbury Park High (lineman), Keith Smith from Newbury Park High (back), and George Hurley from Newbury Park High (coach).

Westside's standout players included Matt Higgins from Playa del Rey St. Bernard High (lineman), Seka Edwards from Westchester High (back), and Marshall Jones from L.A. University High (coach).

Glenn Thompkins' remarkable journey from leading his team to victory on the field to receiving the prestigious Glenn Davis Award exemplifies the dedication, skill, and passion that define high school football in Southern California. His achievements serve as an inspiration to aspiring athletes and a testament to the enduring spirit of the sport.

For Reference :-

https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-thompkins-0aa41b130

[woodsteingirl]

“(echoes of sweeney todd)” okay matthew d. taylor in the 1989 literary review of whittier college….

[hclib]

NEW COLLECTION

Whittier Alliance Records

Thanks to a pair of wonderful grant-funded staff members, Special Collections has a new, large neighborhood collection organized and ready for use -- the Whittier Alliance Records.

Founded in 1978 by the residents and business owners of the south Minneapolis Whittier neighborhood, Whittier Alliance was one of the first neighborhoods involved the city's Neighborhood Revitalization Program. The group's records include minutes, fundraising materials, legal records, housing and development plans, promotional materials, photos, and much more in 110 boxes and three oversize folders. Topics include specific businesses and addresses, schools and projects in the neighborhood, and local institutions like the Minneapolis College of Art and Design and Eat Street. Search the online finding aid to learn more.

[readitreviewit]

Are you ready for a heartwarming read that will leave you feeling all warm and fuzzy inside? Look no further than Danielle Steel’s latest novel, “The Whittiers”. In this book, Steel tells the heartwarming story of a family who, after facing tragedy, must come together to support each other and find their way back to happiness. The Whittiers are a tight-knit family who have spent their lives together in a beautiful Manhattan mansion. With six children raised and nearly grown, the family has maintained a tradition of a romantic Wintermoon ski trip with just the parents. However, tragedy strikes during this year’s ski trip, and the adult children are forced to come together to cope with the loss of their parents. Lyle, the oldest of the siblings, is struggling with his marriage and must decide whether or not to divorce his wife. Gloria, who has focused on her career on Wall Street, is growing increasingly cynical and feeling the effects of being single at age 39. The twins, Caroline and Charlie, have a faltering fashion business and are facing financial difficulties. Benjie, who has special needs, is devastated by the loss of his parents and is in desperate need of his siblings’ support. And Annabelle, the youngest, has dropped out of college and is spiraling out of control. Despite their individual struggles, the siblings come together to support each other and their younger siblings. Selling their childhood home, full of memories and sentimental value, feels like another devastating loss. But, as the siblings band together, they realize there may be an unconventional solution that could keep their family together, even in the face of tragedy. Steel’s writing is engaging and will have you rooting for the Whittier family from start to finish. Her characters are well-developed and relatable, making it easy to connect with each of them and understand their struggles. While the novel tackles heavy themes like loss, family dynamics, and financial struggles, it does so with a light touch and an overall feel-good message. Overall, “The Whittiers” is a touching read that will leave you feeling hopeful and inspired. Steel’s writing is a perfect balance between heartwarming and engaging, making it an ideal read for anyone looking for a positive and uplifting story. So, grab a cup of hot cocoa, cozy up under a blanket, and dive into the world of the Whittier family – you won’t regret it. "Take the first step towards an unforgettable experience today! Click now to buy the book or get a 30-day free trial of Audible and lose yourself in the captivating world of literature. Don't miss out, start your journey now!" Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details)

[kaileeandag]

How My OCs Senior Yearbook Info Would Be Formatted

Here’s how Brooke’s name would appear: Brooke Boudica Meyer                                        (baby picture above, Senior                                                                                 picture below) January 1, 1990// (number redacted) Farview Drive// Sanford, ME 04073 Soccer 1, 2, 3, 4// Swimming 1, 2, 3, 4// Future Educators of America 3, 4// Early Childhood Education 3, 4 Quote: “Goodbye, everyone! I’ll remember you all in therapy!”-Sheldon J. Plankton Plans: Go to college and be a Special Ed. teacher.

and for my Class of 2010 girls (Mari, Jenna, Emma, Saya, Tyler-Rose, and Sophie): Sophie Michelle Dwyer                                      (Senior Picture) January 1, 1992 Swimming 1 2 3 4 Soccer 2 3 4 Media Communications 3 4 French Club 1 2 3 4 Quote: “If you don’t try to save one life, you’ll never save any”-Leon S. Kennedy Plans: I’ll try and see how Nursing school goes. That, and I hope to remain cancer free for another year

Tyler-Rose Gloria Whittier                               (Senior Picture) March 13, 1992 Field Hockey 1 2 Basketball 1 2 3 4 Health Occupations 4 Japanese Culture Club 3 Quote: “(see the post about what the yearbook quotes would be. It is the Broodwich speech from the ATHF episode of the same name) Plans: Nursing school, then who knows?

Emma Akane Nakahara September 3, 1992                                            (Senior Picture) Japanese Culture Club 3 Quote: “Some people seem to think they always know what’s best for you. Their little minds try to create a world to keep you still.”-Daniel “Sahaj” Ticotin Plans: Attend beauty school, get married, have a kid, then who knows what?

Jenna Adelaide Eskola September 11, 1992                                           (Senior Picture) Hockey 1 2 3 4 Basketball 2 3 4 Quote: “What’s my release? What sets me free? Do you pull me up just to push me down again?”-Mudvayne Plans: I’ll be going to Nursing school and I hope that goes well

Saya Kageyama                                               (Senior Picture) August 6, 1992

Swimming 1 2 3 4 Health Occupations 4 Quote: “ If the Oxygen Destroyer is used even once, the politicians of the world won't stand idly by. They'll inevitably turn it into a weapon. A-bombs against A-bombs, H-bombs against H-bombs. As a scientist - no, as a human being - adding another terrifying weapon to humanity's arsenal is something I can't allow.”-Dr. Daisuke Serizawa (Godzilla 1954) Plans: Let’s see...I’ll be going to nursing school and after that, maybe I’ll go back to Japan to see some friends I left when I came here to the States in 1998.

Mariana Rose Fazekas September 1, 1992

Basketball 1 2 3 4 Softball 1 2 3 4 Quote: “Hooray I’m useful!”-Dr. Zoidberg Plans: Beauty school, then probably help my parents with raising my little sister

[richardnixonlibrary]

#Nixon50 #OTD 4/19/1973 Julie Nixon Eisenhower welcomed a group of students from Whittier College to the White House. President Nixon graduated summa cum laude from Whittier College in 1934. (Image: WHPO-E0679-07)

[vintagepipemen]

Unidentified faculty, Whittier College, 1976.

[sahraeyll]

Top Medical Billing Schools in California: Your Path to a Rewarding Healthcare Career

Top​ Medical Billing Schools ⁤in California: Your Path to a Rewarding Healthcare Career

As the healthcare industry ��continues to⁣ expand, the demand ‍for medical⁣ billing and coding professionals is on the rise. If you’re considering a career in ⁢this vital sector, enrolling in one of⁤ the​ top medical billing schools in California can⁢ set you ‍on the path to success. This article⁣ will guide you through the best programs, benefits⁢ of pursuing medical billing, practical tips for choosing the right school, and insightful ⁤case studies from‍ industry professionals.

Understanding Medical Billing and Coding

Medical billing involves translating‍ healthcare services into standardized ​codes for billing purposes. This process is essential⁤ for insurance claims and compliance with⁣ regulatory‌ requirements.

Why Choose California‌ for Your Medical ⁢Billing Education?

Diverse Opportunities: California is home to numerous‍ healthcare facilities, offering a vast​ array of job prospects.

Advanced ​Curriculum: Many schools use cutting-edge‍ technology​ in their programs.

Networking Potential: Graduating from a California institution opens ‌up networking opportunities through internships and local healthcare⁤ events.

Top Medical Billing Schools in California

Here⁤ are some of the leading medical billing schools in California that offer ​comprehensive⁣ programs and excellent industry ‍connections:

School Name

Location

Program​ Duration

Key​ Features

Stanbridge University

Irvine, CA

8 Months

Hands-on ​training, ⁤flexible⁣ schedules

West Coast University

Los Angeles, CA

10 Months

Accredited programs, career placement assistance

California College San Diego

San Diego, CA

9 Months

Online & on-campus options, experienced instructors

Southern California University of Health Sciences

Whittier, CA

12 Months

Comprehensive curriculum,⁤ internship opportunities

Los Angeles College of Medical and Dental Assistants

Los Angeles, CA

9 Months

Blend of theory and practice, small class⁤ sizes

Benefits of Studying Medical Billing

Studying medical billing comes with myriad benefits:

Job Security: The healthcare ⁣industry is consistently in need of trained professionals.

Lucrative Salaries: Medical ⁣billing specialists enjoy competitive salaries, often exceeding $50,000 annually.

Flexibility: Many ⁤medical billing positions allow for remote work.

What to Look for in⁤ a Medical Billing Program

Choosing the right medical ⁣billing school is crucial. Here are some key⁤ factors to consider:

Accreditation: Ensure the school is accredited by a recognized body, which⁣ can‌ affect job prospects.

Curriculum: Review the coursework to ensure it covers essential topics like CPT, ICD-10 coding, and medical terminology.

Support Services: Check if the school offers career placement⁣ and internship programs.

Real Experiences: Case Studies from ‌Graduates

Reading about real-life experiences can ‍provide valuable insights:

Case Study 1: Maria S.

Background: Maria graduated from Stanbridge University.

Success: She landed a position‌ as a medical billing specialist within months of graduation.

Case Study 2: John T.

Background: John completed his certifications at California College San Diego.

Outcome: He now works remotely, managing billing for multiple healthcare providers.

Practical Tips for Success in Medical Billing

Stay Updated: Regularly update your knowledge on coding and billing regulations.

Network: Attend industry conferences and local healthcare‌ events to meet professionals.

Join Professional Associations: Consider becoming a member of ‌organizations like the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC).

Conclusion

Choosing the right medical ​billing school ‍in⁢ California is⁣ a pivotal step toward launching a fulfilling career in healthcare. With various programs tailored to‍ fit your needs and a robust job market, your future ‍in medical billing looks promising.⁤ Whether you choose a comprehensive training program or an online course, ‌investing in your education will pay off in the long run. Embrace the opportunity to become a vital part of the healthcare industry today!

https://medicalbillingcertificationprograms.org/top-medical-billing-schools-in-california-your-path-to-a-rewarding-healthcare-career/

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 10.1 (after 1950)

1953 – Andhra State is formed, consisting of a Telugu-speaking area carved out of India's Madras State. 1953 – A United States-South Korea mutual defense treaty is concluded in Washington, D.C. 1955 – The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is established. 1957 – The motto In God We Trust first appears on U.S. paper currency. 1958 – The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is replaced by NASA. 1960 – Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1961 – The United States Defense Intelligence Agency is formed, becoming the country's first centralized military intelligence organization. 1961 – East and West Cameroon merge to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. 1962 – James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying racial segregation rules. 1963 – On its third anniversary as an independent nation, Nigeria became a republic. 1964 – The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. 1964 – Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka. 1966 – West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with no survivors in Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9. 1969 – Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time. 1971 – Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida. 1971 – The first practical CT scanner is used to diagnose a patient. 1975 – Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines. 1978 – Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1979 – The MTR, Hong Kong's rapid transit railway system, opens. 1982 – Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence. 1982 – EPCOT (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) opens at Walt Disney World in Florida. 1982 – Sony and Phillips launch the compact disc in Japan; on the same day, Sony releases the model CDP-101 compact disc player, the first player of its kind. 1985 – Israel-Palestinian conflict: Israel attacks the Palestine Liberation Organization's Tunisia headquarters during Operation Wooden Leg. 1987 – The 5.9 Mw  Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing eight and injuring 200. 1989 – Denmark introduces the world's first legal same-sex registered partnerships. 1991 – Croatian War of Independence: The Siege of Dubrovnik begins. 2000 – Israel-Palestinian conflict: Palestinians protest the murder of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah by Israeli police in northern Israel, beginning the "October 2000 events". 2001 – Militants attack the state legislature building in Kashmir, killing 38. 2003 – The popular and controversial English-language imageboard 4chan is launched. 2009 – The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. 2012 – A ferry collision off the coast of Hong Kong kills 38 people and injures 102 others. 2014 – A series of explosions at a gunpowder plant in Bulgaria completely destroys the factory, killing 15 people. 2014 – A double bombing of an elementary school in Homs, Syria kills over 50 people. 2015 – A gunman kills nine people at a community college in Oregon. 2015 – The American cargo vessel SS El Faro sinks with all of its 33 crew after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin. 2016 – The leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Pedro Sánchez, resigns. He would return to the position a year later. 2017 – Fifty-eight people are killed and 869 others injured in a mass shooting at a country music festival at the Las Vegas Strip in the United States; the gunman, Stephen Paddock, later commits suicide. 2018 – The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia. 2019 – Kuopio school stabbing: one dies and ten are injured when Joel Marin, armed with a sabre, attacks a school class at Savo Vocational College in Kuopio, Finland. 2021 – The 2020 World Expo in Dubai begins. Its opening was originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.