#vs a single linear progression

[a-stitch-in-time-and-space]

kira's ongoing narrative in relation to cardassia and post-genocide complication of easy stories -- not, of course, that it was not genocide, but that some people she thought of as enemies were allies, and many people who were a part of the oppressing forces, were later, in turn, the victims of a mass attempted-genocide

and the idea that she, personally, cannot hate every individual cardassian, because she genuinely wants to build and heal and what that looks like, versus many (understandably) traumatised bajorans who are still and will always be at war

it's such a complicated, ongoing, twisty-turny storyline that returns again and again, with dukat, with garak, with ghemor, with damar, with ziyal, with rugal (although he and kira don't really interact, but in terms of the wider complexity of bajoran-cardassian interactions), with marritza (I've forgotten characters I know it -- there's natima as well, although I don't think she and kira interact?)

and then her ongoing narrative related to healing vs punishment vs power with -- yes li nalas and bareil, with winn and opaka (battle lines really is the first realisation I think of kira's needs and ongoing journey), with the people she was in the resistance with, some of whom are trying to create new lives some of whom cannot, ziyal again...

i also wonder about a stitch in time, and the knowledge that cardassia's rich, spiritual life was all but stamped out by a military dictatorship, and how kira would feel about this/whether she would feel a connection with the underground religious space that survived despite it

i think the reason it (mostly, let's not go into the storyline with her mother) works is that it's something her narrative returns to over and over, like a worried tooth, not necessarily in a single straight line, but via individual stories from many directions, with this understanding that she's at the centre of this massive change and she may have to take on a leadership position in order to facilitate and hold together bajoran ideals and culture and history and pain and hope through that, and bit by bit she grows into that role. and in some ways it doesn't come across as conscious, but it builds up slowly like drops accumulating, until there's a picture there

it's so so good, and imo the most complete/successful storyline given to a character in ds9 (I think nog-and-rom as a somewhat more intimate ongoing push-and-pull storyline, and also benjamin sisko on a macro spiritual level have a similar kind of thorough exploration, if different in focus, and also - to an extent - odo). my one big thing with kira's narrative is consistently how they handled ziyal, that is my personal biggest detractor. shocking because -- perhaps with benefit of hindsight, perhaps with a little less sexism idk -- there were so many ways they could have gone with ziyal, it seemed obvious while i was watching, and yet

[vickysaurus]

Let's take a closer look at the hominin skulls in the Senckenberg Museum's human evolution room. Keep in mind this is not a linear progression through our ancestors, and more like a bunch of closer and more distant cousins.

The first one, Sahelanthropus tchadensis is seven million years old, and may very well not be a hominin at all. I've always leaned towards the hypothesis that it's a gorilla relative, not one of ours. No matter which branch of the apes it belongs to, it lived not long after the time the human-line (hominins) and the chimp-line separated, and possibly even before that point!

Ardipithecus ramidus, the first hominin from where we can start making a fairly decent family tree of our relatives. Before this point, 5 million years ago, hominin fossils are very rare, fragmentary, and difficult to assign. One of the most interesting things that does seem to emerge from these early fossils is that we have walked on two legs for a long time. Maybe even so long that our common ancestor with the chimps and bonobos did it!

Lucy represents Australopithecus afarensis, who shows up at this point (3.3 million years ago).

Australopithecus africanus, the Taung child to be precise. We're about 2.8 million years ago at this point. Australopithecines must've been such fascinating creatures.

Homo habilis, the 'handy man', named that way because when they were discovered they were thought to be the first humans who used tools. Since then, Australopithecus tools have been found, and tool use by many different animals has also been documented.

Homo rudolfensis, a population of humans who lived at the same time as Homo habilis and were notably bigger and a little brainier. Does it warrant being its own species? That depends who you ask. Splitting vs lumping is a point of contention in almost every group's biology, and it can run especially high in the field of human evolution since hominins are A very high profile and important fossils that directly relate to our own origins, and B an extremely tangled group that seems to have produced loads and loads of isolated populations and subspecies that regularly migrated all over the place and had frequent interbreeding events. Personally I tend to come down on the side of lumping them into a few major species.

Paranthropus boisei. These were basically a separate lineage of australopithecines, quite different from our own ancestors, who continued to do australopithecus things until quite recently. They were very good climbers and seem to have returned to the trees.

Homo ergaster, either a close relative or a synonym of the more famous Homo erectus. This is the point where we got really brainy, probably figured out how to make fire ourselves, and spread from Africa to Eurasia.

Homo heidelbergensis. Homo erectus and its many subspecies spread all over Africa and Eurasia and existed for well over a million years. As time marches on and evolution did its thing, we eventually start calling the ones in Africa Homo heidelbergensis. They were quite tall, positively enormous compared to little Lucy a few million years back, and they too joined in the human migrations out of Africa. From the H. heidelbergensis who moved into Eurasia we eventually get neanderthals and denisovans, while Homo sapiens evolved from the heidelbergensis populations in Africa.

And there's the neanderthals! Large-brained and creative (the first known cave paintings belong to them and they buried their dead), they were likely quite different from the brutish image we often get from them. Rather than truly dying out, their populations eventually merged with the larger Homo sapiens population once they migrated out of Africa, leaving our modern genes with a couple percent neanderthal DNA.

Homo sapiens. And that's us! Not so much the last remaining branch of the human family tree as much as several of the separate branches ended up coming back together and weaving into a single bigger branch.

And then there's these little guys, Homo floresiensis! Probably originating from a Homo erectus population that ended up on the island Flores, insular dwarfism ended up making them grow quite tiny. On their isolated island, they remained until about 50000 years ago.

[nuwanders]

so tell us about velothi philosophy :3c how does it differ, to say, its imperial counterparts? how has it changed across time?

Where to start!! Going to try my hardest to produce a semi-coherent answer here lol

quick note before i get into it— due to the nature of religion in the Elder Scrolls, i’m going to treat theology and philosophy as more or less the same discipline. there will obviously still be some discussions which fall more squarely into one field or the other, but in a world where ‘gods’ are demonstrably real and regularly involving themselves with the affairs of mortals, there’s going to be a great deal more overlap than there is irl. 

with that out of the way, i’ll limit my discussion to three main areas of philosophy in which Velothi attitudes differ the most from their Imperial counterparts; (1) the determinism/free will debate, (2) notions of faith vs veneration, and (3) the relationship between religion and morality. This isn’t too long dw but I’ve put it under a read more just in case

1. determinism vs free will

the imperial pantheon being headed by a god of time would, i think, have significantly shaped imperial philosophy. teslore is riddled with prophecies, as well as the Elder Scrolls themselves and ‘heroes’ as a category of beings who are uniquely capable of ruling their own destiny. ignoring the doylist explanation for a moment (that heroes are player characters in an otherwise scripted video game), it is clear that Imperial philosophy is dominated by a deterministic streak. 

Velothi philosophy however would fall (imo) more in the compatibilism camp. rather than our futures being predetermined by what is written in the Scrolls, I think the Velothi might say instead that what is written in the Scrolls is determined by what we, in the future, choose to do. ‘Outside of time’ =/= ‘before time’— by which I mean that if the Scrolls truly are from outside of time, it would be nonsensical to conclude that the contents of the scrolls is what causes certain events to then occur— because that would imply some kind of linear progression.

why do i think this? i won’t lie it is 80% headcanon, however the ability of Mephala to ‘pull but a single thread’ and unravel the weave of fate reflects, i think, the central position which the ability to determine one's own destiny holds in Velothi identity. An Imperial philosopher might say that Daedric Princes, like mortals, do not exist ‘outside time’ in the way that Akatosh does, so Mephala’s own actions would themselves be considered pre-determined. But I think the Velothi philosopher here would just cycle back to the compatibilist argument outlined above. Dunmer are a proud and independent people and I think they would strongly resist any attempt to imply that they do not have control over their own actions lol

2. faith vs veneration

Also central to Velothi philosophy and culture is the notion that respect and power must be earned, and i think this would apply to their gods as much as to themselves. Veloth turned away from the Aedra after Boethiah came to him in his dreams and visions. Why dedicate your life to the worship of invisible—and seemingly impotent—gods when the daedra are right there, showing themselves through positive action to be worthy of your fear and your love?

I think the notion of ‘faith’—being a belief in something which cannot be proven, both in spite of and because of that fact—would be dismissed by the Velothi as fanciful and ridiculous— a way for the elite to control the masses. This isn’t to say that they don’t believe in the aedra (there is a text somewhere in Morrowind which suggests that House Redoran, at least, adopted some kind of aedra worship during Imperial occupation), however they wouldn’t consider the aedra worthy of veneration. And Akatosh in the Velothi sense might be understood a little differently— perhaps even as a simple literary device designed to personify what is otherwise just the abstract notion of time.

3. ethics, and the relationship between religion and morality

It’s worth taking care here not to map Christian notions of morality and sin onto the Imperial cult, however there are some broad similarities. The Divines don’t necessarily represent moral virtues, however they all encapsulate some kind of virtue in the more holistic, Aristotelian sense; and the fact they are each virtuous in some way is taken both as reason to worship them and as reason to emulate those characteristics. (Not gonna get into the Euthyphro dilemma, but regardless of which view you think they'd take, it is clear there is some kind of relationship here). 

The same cannot be said of the Good Daedra, nor of the Tribunal. Any ‘virtue’ these figures happen to possess is incidental to their status as figures deserving of worship. This is not to suggest that Dunmer have no moral code or care not for virtues such as generosity or benevolence; it’s just that ethics is seen as divorced from divine law (ignoring the above mentioned lore text which says the exact opposite wrt House Redoran ;_;)

At the extreme end of this spectrum you find Telvanni ethics– “According to Telvanni principles, the powerful define the standards of virtue.” Which is very Nietzschean lmao. But I don’t think this would reflect Velothi ethics at large. If I were to summarise, I would say that the Velothi reject any notion of morality as intrinsically good, but that they generally recognise moral virtues as instrumentally valuable. Humility and selflessness in the Alessian, slave-morality sense are rejected, but social cooperation, justice and generosity are rightfully recognised as qualities which lead to the betterment of society overall.

--

given how long this is already i will save the question of how velothi philosophy changes over time for another post :') the Fourth Era transition from tribunal worship to the New Temple is something i'm exploring in my soon-to-be-published little novella hehe. thank you for the ask! <3

and tagging @ervona who expressed some interest in this topic >:)

[newbornwhumperfly]

@whumpmasinjuly day 19! (list your favorite whump blogs)

@haro-whumps - their villains strike true fear into my heart and i absolutely adore the way they don’t shy away from the harsher, nastier sides of any of their characters (including the heroes), making whump that feels deeply complex and conflicting! i love their broken whumpees and sadistic whumpers and deeply human caretakers so much. galo and the group whumpee family are my first beloved whumpee ocs & ren lives rent free in my head as an all-time scary bastard! your ocs have such distinct personalities and struggles and you find such a way to make every single depiction of fear and anguish utterly unique, so every new whumpee feels fresh and exciting!

@much-ado-about-whumping - my goodness, what a fucking exquisite grasp of prose he has! i fell deeply in love with déomas from the moment i met the poor boy (as well your wonderful boy andreas) and every day am envious and admiring of bel’s skill at portraying complicated survivors! i love how you write aftermath as well, with the non-linear healing and gut-punch of lasting trauma making your whump work so unique to me! and god, if there is a mastery of non-con whump (and the realism and thrill and ache of all requisite traumas) you’ve truly grasped it with both utter sensitivity and delightful darkness (and also a profound rethinking of sexual trauma survivors for me in a very real way).

@whump-tr0pes - god, athena, so many books and every one of them rocked me to my core? your characters fucking challenge me so deeply and i love it, and your master of character development and change and growth and regression and everything is just…beautifully broken and incredible. your writing makes me uncomfortable in the best way possible and at the same time satisfied with every little arc - it’s such a gift!

@whumpthisway - first ever whump blog i followed three years ago, has been both a gateway to excellent creators and is very generous with tagging, something i deeply appreciate!

@whumpzone - cerys, your passion for engaging with your audience really warmed my heart when i started following you and i adore how engaged you made your audience feel to participate in your storytelling! you also have one of my favorite caretakers of all time in the wonderful linden! both your series are beloved rereads forever and ever, both of their storytelling progressing and developing so beautifully to natural endings. it’s so goooood.

@ashintheairlikesnow - a titan of this community, i am overawed by the sprawling scope and detail of her worldbuilding. her writing has reminded me again and again how good stories can be when you let your characters influence the world! your depictions of trauma and institutional abuse have impacted me and my thinking quite a lot, no joke, and you have a scary-good ability to capture banal evil.

@secretwhumplair - has an exquisite ability to capture fear, truly enviable how bone-deep their written terror strikes me!

@whumpster-dumpster - keeps churning out creative and inspiring prompts after all this time, i’ve gotten so many good story ideas from red!

@whumping-every-day - though absent for so long, i still absolutely adore her writing & her vampire whump (ash and callum) is absolutely top of the line in visceral brutality!

@whump-me-all-night-long - has such a good ability to balance casts of characters in her stories (my personal favorite being the jewelry box) with distinctive personalities and a wonderful imagination for new ideas!

@wolfeyedwitch - perhaps my personal favorite at writing superhero/villain whump and has such a great ability to capture the trope of team vs. outsider angst!

just a short list of the blogs that i bow in admiration and delight of every day!!! you all are so incredibly talented & i love you! 💖

[dreamdolldeveloper]

dreamdoll watchlist ★

5 Techniques of Every Successful Student

key takeaways:

★ background:

main theme: build the bigger picture first

he talks about trends he notices between his students that are successful vs unsuccessful

threshold concepts: refers to core concepts in a subject where understanding these concepts is key to transforming the way students understand a whole subject.

a threshold concept can be described as transformative (a significant shift in understanding), probably irreversible (difficult to unlearn), integrative (reveals the association between various topics), sometimes bounded (specific to a particular discipline), and potentially troublesome (difficult to grasp, counter-intuitive)

in simple terms: provides a barrier to allow someone to see and understand a topic in a way they were never able to before

example of experiencing a threshold concept is stumbling over a block in the dark and you're suddenly lost and confused, you don't know where you are- disorientated. like when you're listening to the teacher and suddenly, you don't know what they're talking about anymore. when you're reading a book and you don't know what you just read. you lost your way and you don't know how you lost your way.

what we want is to have lightbulb moments more frequently. have more control to increase the speed of our learning. we want to be able ot overcome these threshold concepts as quickly as possible to become a learner who just gets things a lot faster

in order to do that: we fundamentally need to understand: there are a few fundamentals to learning that affects the student.

★ learning

learning is recursive. learning something once and relearning it over and over again. not that we didn't understand it the first time but it's better and easier to understand when you've known the basics/the foundation of. the bigger picture.

and excursive. a learning journey that has allowances for diversions. you can progress through the material and you don't always have to go in a linear line, you can go back and forth, have multiple different ways of learning something. take diversions and side routes to get to the same place of understanding the concept.

what are some techniques that allows us to engage in active learning in a sustainable, consistent way that anyone can start applying?

it's not the techniques itself but the trends they follow aka crafting the bigger picture.

★ attributes of a good learner

1. priming

pre-study. instead of looking a piece of text and learning it, top from bottom straight away. scan it to get a general understanding.

mentally create a framework on how to think about it instead of what to know. read the heading, images, diagrams, questions.

create a mind map on how the big pictures connect to one another.

don't worry about the details.

big picture = easier lightbulb moments = faster threshold concept = faster learning.

2. how to stay active and attentive while in the class:

for those who start to feel drowsy, sleepy, unable to pay attention. think about needing to be aware if someone is about to throw a ball at you. with information, you have to be ready to catch that information that you are consuming.

ask questions, aloud or inside your mind. lots of questions. questions every minute. if you ask a HOW and WHY question, it causes us to relate that question at a higher mastery of knowledge. not only do you want/need to understand a single concept but the relationship that, that has with other multiple related concepts to see how does it fit together.

3. revision within 12 hours of the initial learning event.

the longer you wait, the higher risk that you're going to forget. you reap higher benefits if you were to review the same day rather than 2 days ahead .

reviewing the same day also maximizes SDMC (sleep dependent memory consolidation) aka "studying while you're asleep" your neural pathways that were active during your learning session repeat while you're asleep. think of it as rewinding a tape. this action in the brain causes neural pathways to strengthen with this repetition.

the way you review is important. make sure it highlights, again, the big picture. chunking aka taking the pieces of information from your learning session and priming to connect it all together. like a puzzle. creating a mind map is a good way to do this.

don't try to use too many words. if you don't use words in your notes, this activates parts of the brain that normally would not be activated if you were to use words. make words and sentences a last resort.

make it reasonably minimal. learning comes naturally and authentically. you don't need to write so many notes (ironic bc i'm... taking... notes....). humans are naturally good at learning. adapting. writing too many notes actually reduces cognitive load. aka the confusion we get. confusion is actually good for us. not too much but not too little either.

4. delayed note taking.

instead of taking notes right away, hold it off. keep the information in our heads a bit, think about it, let that confusion come in and let the brain do it's thing. asking those how and why questions

skip the paraphrasing and have simplified notes. in our head, not on paper. it helps the brain to rely on itself rather than on paper. when we get rid of that fear of having to write constantly in order to learn we unlock a huge opportunity for effective learning

5. pre-exam revision.

examine the topics that are most challenging to you. the things you feel the weakest on. make it challenging in a meaningful way. recall it instead of recognizing it.

learn in a way that is different each time. this is the best way to test your knowledge and connection to the subject. if you learn something in the same way every time, you saturate that technique to it's ability. and therefore, you won't have any room to improve/effectively learn.

for example, instead of rereading your notes, try to rewrite them or draw diagrams from your current knowledge aka recall.

another example of a technique is the feyman technique.

[inner--islands]

Interview with Golden Brown (December 2023)

Golden Brown is the work of Stefan Beck. This year, on Inner Islands, he released Weird Choices back in February and Wide Ranging Rider in September. Here we get to hear more about his creative practice and other musical endeavors from this year.

1. What are some recent inspirations?

I was lucky enough recently to see Bela Fleck, Edgar Meyer, Zakir Hussain, and Rakesh Chaurasia play live. It was an absolutely mind blowing performance that I'll carry with me for a long time. Their album As We Speak has been a favorite of mine this year and it was such a treat to see this music live. Four brilliant musicians playing acoustic instruments, they create this amazing sound that is somehow greater than the sum of its parts, even though they are all absolute masters of their instruments. Zakir Hussain is a mad genius of rhythm and the most melody forward percussionist I have ever seen live.

2. You have been playing live a fair bit this year. How has it been translating your pieces into the live realm? Do you take a different approach from the studio versions?

It's been fun trying different approaches with live versions of songs. They do usually take on a different character than the recorded versions. With some of the Wide Ranging Rider songs, this has involved changing from acoustic to electric guitar and incorporating some effects. A few times I've experimented with weaving a few songs into a flowing suite if they are all in the same key/tuning. I try to do things a little differently each time, improvising and changing arrangements. One of my favorite gigs this year was opening for the River Arkansas at the Fox Theater in Boulder. I was lucky enough to have my friends Macon and Robin from the River Arkansas play bass and drums with me on a few songs. They are super talented, intuitive musicians and brought such a fun and different vibe to the music.

3. How composed vs. improvised are the pieces on Wide Ranging Rider? There are obviously strong melodic motifs in every piece, but are there also sections that are more freeform?

Wide Ranging Rider is the first Golden Brown album to be fully written throughout prior to recording. I usually rely on some of the serendipity of layering improvisations when making music, so this felt really different. Improvisation played into some of the arrangements with the additional textural elements of electric guitar and keyboards on songs like Ambergris and Dusty, but the fingerpicked acoustic guitar for each piece was fully realized prior to recording. 

4. How do you write a piece like Wide Ranging Ride I or II? Is it following a feeling or trying to capture an image? How does it go for you?

I didn't have a specific image or feeling in mind when writing, but there is a certain energy that flows throughout. It's kind of tough for me to put into words, but there definitely is shared DNA between those two pieces as well as Little Rider and Withywindle. Similarly, Cobwebs and Sage and Scurvy have some melodic elements and vibe in common.

Wide Ranging Rider I has been something I have been playing for about 20 years, but didn't feel complete until WRR II came about. I was writing a lot in open G tuning (DGDGBD), and at some point realized that several of the themes I was working on were connected. Originally, WRR I & II were arranged into a single long suite, with WRR II sandwiched in the middle of WRR I. Eventually, I decided I preferred them split into separate pieces to open each side of the LP. But I may try and play the full suite live at some point.

Wide Ranging Rider I and II as well as Kirghiz Light are linear compositions. The form is something closer to ABCDEFGA rather than a more typical progression of like ABABCB or ABA.

5. Do you feel like your work with the guys in Prairiewolf has influenced your solo work at all?

I do! It's been really wonderful making music collaboratively in addition to my solo pursuits. And I am lucky to have Tyler and Jeremy as bandmates who I can bounce ideas off of. The most apparent influence is on some music I'm working on for release in 2024 hopefully - it's kind of my version of a Bill Laswell style ambient dub album. I used a drum machine for a few of the songs, a first for me as Golden Brown. I had a lot of fun running the drum machine through my effects and kind of live dubbing the rhythm track as I recorded it. And Jeremy was kind of enough to play some synth and keyboards on one of the songs. It's pretty different in sound from most of what I've done before, though High Tide at Gold Beach (2012) is probably closest. The end result I think will be the most Prairiewolfish I've made music under the name Golden Brown.

6. How did the Prairiewolf group come together? The three of you fit together in such a nice and seamless way.

It was serendipitous for sure. We had all sort of met online and gathered to try it out in early 2022. It wasn't perfect from the get go but there was definitely some synergy there. It's been really fun to watch it develop. Jeremy and Tyler both are really good listeners as well as excellent musicians, and we share a lot of common musical ground. I try not to take it for granted that it works as well as it does. We are working on our second album together and it's pretty exciting. We have a good batch of songs, more than we can fit on one album, and it seems like we are continually coming up with more. We've also leaned into playing live this year and have gotten into some good zones as a result. 

7. Who might a dream collaborator be with someone from an older generation?

Bill Frisell for sure. I can't think of anyone who's had a bigger impact on my music. My dream would be to have a musical voice as emotive, singular, and recognizable as Bill Frisell. My dad first played Good Dog, Happy Man for me over twenty years ago and that music has become integral to me as a musician. I love almost everything Frisell has done but that album, Ghost Town, Nashville, and the Intercontinentals are very special.

8. Do you have any rituals to get you in the zone to work on music?

Not really, often it's just a matter of playing and trying different things until the conscious part of the mind turns off and I am relying more on my instincts. Sometimes that can happen quickly, sometimes it can take a long time. And sometimes in the moment, I have no idea whether what I'm working on is good or not and just need to set it aside for a listen with fresh ears later on. But the one thing that does really help is having my little music room downstairs - to be able to play whenever I feel like it without having to set up/take down makes a big difference in terms of getting in the flow.

9. You had mentioned that The Actual Star was an influence on your Weird Choices album. Were there any literary inspirations on Wide Ranging Rider?

The Lord of the Rings trilogy was definitely an influence. Withywindle is named for the river valley in the old forest where the hobbits encounter Tom Bombadil. I felt like the melody/picking pattern kind of reminded me of Tom Bombadil bopping along through the forest. Jeff Vandermeer was also an influence, more on Ambergris than anything else (maybe with the juxtaposition of the natural/organic element of the acoustic guitar with the modified, delayed sounds of electric guitar and keyboard.) But I was also reading his Southern Reach Trilogy when a lot of the music on Wide Ranging Rider was being written and arranged, so there is probably more influence there under the surface as well.

10. Words of wisdom you like to recall in times of need?

Robert Hunter's and John Perry Barlow's lyrics from the Grateful Dead songbook have deeply soaked into the core of my being. I have a list of affirmations from Dead lyrics that is an endless wellspring of solace and inspiration. Apologies in advance, this is extra nerdy.

Every time that wheel turn round, bound to cover just a little more ground

Nothing left to do but smile, smile, smile

I love you more than words can tell

Love is real, not fade away

We can discover the wonders of nature

Inspiration, move me brightly

Light the song with sense and color, hold away despair

Without love in a dream it’ll never come true

If you get confused just listen to the music play

Shall we go, you and I while we can?

The future’s here, we are it, we are on our own

Wake up to find out that you are the eyes of the world 

Wake up to find out that you are the song that the morning brings 

Sometimes we live no particular way but our own 

Sometimes the songs that we hear are just songs of our own 

I will find my own way home

I’m a stone jack baller and my heart is true

More than just ashes when your dreams come true

Once in a while you can get shown the light in the strangest of places if you look at it right 

One way or another, this darkness got to give 

Let there be songs to fill the air 

A box of rain will ease the pain and love will see you through 

I’ll get up and fly away 

Don’t give it up; you’ve got an empty cup only love can fill

[vonbaghager]

funniest bridget denialist in the world was found in the Woolie vs Guilty Gear vid where he was practicing Bridget and there was one dude in the comments responding to like every single mention of her pronouns with an excerpt from the game manual from Guilty Gear X2 about her gender situation

GG X2

the one that was released in 2003

the one that has had three sequels and like 8 remakes/remasters after it

linear progression of time is hard to understand for people who never leave their houses i guess

[aforarcadeleonk]

Arcade games

Classic high score games

Pong

Pong is a simple game about using a bar to hit the ball to the other side with the goal of getting points via the other bar missing the ball that has to get past the bar.

2. Asteroids

The objective of Asteroids is to destroy asteroids and saucers in order to get a higher level of points while having only 4 lives.

3.Space invader

Space invader is a game where the player manoeuvre a laser cannon behind cover to destroy all of the aliens, your points are determined by kills and time survived.

Shooter/rail shooter

time crisis

Time crisis is a arcade game that consists of the player progressing through levels while taking out enemies.

2. star wars trilogy

star wars trilogy is a arcade game based off of the original trilogy of star wars, it consisted of star ship battles in space.

3. The Ocean Hunter

The Ocean Hunter is a shooter game where most of the action takes place under water, the players use a turret with dual grips mounted to the arcade cabinet.

Racing games.

turbo

in turbo the player races around differing urban and rural locations with differing weather and times with the goal of coming 1st each time.

2.Virtua Racing

Virtua Racing is a formula one racing game that consists of the average racing experience with difficulties built into maps.

3. Hang-On

Hand-on is a motorbike arcade racing game on a flat linear track with different stages where you have to lean a motor bike in real life to turn as the game is controlled by a fake motorcycle.

Fighting Games

Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes

Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes is a crossover fighting game developed and published by Capcom.

2. Mortal Kombat II

Mortal Kombat II is a fighting game originally produced by Midway for the arcades in 1993. The gameplay system of Mortal Kombat II is an improved version of that from the original Mortal Kombat.

--(there was a 10 videos per post limit so the rest will have images)--

3. Tekken 3

Tekken 3 is a fighting game, the third entry in the Tekken series. It was released to the arcades in 1997, before being ported to the PlayStation in 1998.Tekken 3 maintains the same core fighting system and concept as its predecessors. Three-dimensional movement is insignificant in previous Tekken games, but Tekken 3 adds emphasis on the third axis by allowing characters to sidestep in or out of the background.

Brawlers

Knights of the round

Knights of the rounds gameplay is very similar to other Capcom beat 'em ups. There are seven stages, each with its own boss and a variety of generic enemies that try to stop the players' progress.

2. The Simpsons (video game)

in The Simpsons the recognizable family have to fight through waves of enemies across 8 stages to get Maggie after she accidentally takes the diamond from mister burns leading to her being kidnapped by Mr. burns.

3. Dungeons & Dragons: Tower of Doom

Tower of Doom is a side-scrolling arcade game featuring four playable characters, a cleric, dwarf, elf and a fighter with classic Dungeons & Dragons monsters as opponents. At points in the game the players are given a choice of paths to take to continue with their game. Each path goes to a certain areas , and it is impossible to visit every area in a single playthrough.

Interactive

HOOPS

NBA hoops is a interactive game where the player has to score as many points as they can in a set time via throwing the basketball into the hoops.

2. Air Hockey

Air Hockey is a game simular to pong in the fact that it involves you using a mallet to hit a puck to the other side to get it into the goal while trying to stop it from getting into your own goal

3. Skee ball

Skee ball is a game that involves rolling a ball up an inclined and into a ball hoop with different points

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 487

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Foundation

Welcoming Software Engineer Adam Harvey to the Rust Foundation Team

New SLSA++ Survey Reveals Real-World Developer Approaches to Software Supply Chain Security

Newsletters

This Month in Rust OSDev: February 2023 | Rust OSDev

Project/Tooling Updates

autometrics 0.3: Defining Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) in Rust Source Code

Typst starts its public beta test and goes open source

Klint: Compile-time Detection of Atomic Context Violations for Kernel Rust Code

rust-analyzer changelog #173

Gitea 1.19.0 is released

Fornjot (code-first CAD in Rust) - Weekly Release - Finished!

activitypub-federation 0.4.0: Major rewrite with improvements to usability and documentation

Quickwit 0.5: Distributed tracing with Open Telemetry and Jaeger, VRL, Pulsar support, and more...!

pavex, a new Rust web framework - Progress report #2

Observations/Thoughts

Temporary lifetimes

Must move types

Defer blocks and async drop

A template proposal for adopting Rust at work

Patterns & Abstractions

Const as an auto trait

Item Patterns And Struct Else

Why use Rust on the backend?

The Importance of Logging

AsRef vs Borrow trait (ft. ChatGPT)

[audio] Cargo Limit with Alexander Lopatin :: Rustacean Station

[video] The Truth about Rust/WebAssembly Performance

Rust Walkthroughs

Using Cow in Rust for efficient memory utilization

STM32F4 Embedded Rust at the PAC: Creating Hardware Abstractions

STM32F4 Embedded Rust at the PAC: GPIO Interrupts

Build your own Counting Bloom Filter

[video] Setting up CI and property testing for a Rust crate

Research

Verus: Verifying Rust Programs using Linear Ghost Types

Ownership guided C to Rust translation

Optimizing a parser/compiler with data-oriented design: a case study

Miscellaneous

Bringing Rust to the Xen Project

The birth of a package manager [written in Rust ;)]

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is Speedy2D, a crate offering cross-platform Hardware-accelerated drawing of shapes, images, and text, with an easy to use API.

Thanks to Aleksey Kladov for the suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Participation

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

racoon - Open Source IAM call for contributors

Ockam - create clap command to show the details of a secure-channel listener on a node

Ockam - create clap command to delete an existing Forwarder on a node

Ockam - ockam run - a single command to run many ockam “create” commands

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

Updates from the Rust Project

321 pull requests were merged in the last week

inherit_overflow: adapt pattern to also work with v0 mangling

read_buf_exact: on error, all read bytes are appended to the buffer

add enable-warnings flag for llvm, and disable it by default

add useless_anonymous_reexport lint

add note for mismatched types because of circular dependencies

do not ICE for unexpected lifetime with ConstGeneric rib

don't ICE for late-bound consts across AnonConstBoundary

don't suggest similar method when unstable

fix ICE in custom-test-frameworks feature

fix ClashingExternDeclarations lint ICE

emit diagnostic when calling methods on the unit type in method chains

ensure ptr::read gets all the same LLVM load metadata that dereferencing does

erase escaping late-bound regions when probing for ambiguous associated types

error-msg: expand suggestion for unused_def lint

error-msg: impl better suggestion for E0532

fall back to old metadata computation when type references errors

fast path for process_obligations

fix generics_of for impl's RPITIT (Return Position Impl Trait In Trait) synthesized associated type

fix generics mismatch errors for RPITITs on -Zlower-impl-trait-in-trait-to-assoc-ty

install projection from RPITIT to default trait method opaque correctly

make fns from other crates with RPITIT work for -Zlower-impl-trait-in-trait-to-assoc-ty

fix object safety checks for new RPITITs

fix linker detection for clang with prefix

flatten/inline format_args!() and (string and int) literal arguments into format_args!()

implement FixedSizeEncoding for UnusedGenericParams

implement checked Shl/Shr at MIR building

only expect a GAT const param for type_of of GAT const arg

pass the right HIR back from get_fn_decl

remove identity_future indirection

remove box expressions from HIR

replace ZST operands and debuginfo by constants

simplify proc macro signature validity check

some cleanups in our normalization logic

suggest surrounding the macro with {} to interpret as a statement

use unused_generic_params from crate metadata

miri: move reject with isolation logic in fcntl

miri: tree borrows

properly allow macro expanded format_args invocations to use captures

optimize dep node backtrace and ignore fatal errors

fallback to lstat when stat fails on Windows

stabilise unix_socket_abstract

stabilize atomic_as_ptr

use index based drop loop for slices and arrays

allow using Range as an Iterator in const contexts

cargo: accurately show status when downgrading dependencies

cargo: add --ignore-rust-version flag to cargo install

cargo: add more information to wait-for-publish

cargo: align semantics of generated vcs ignore files

cargo: handle case mismatches when looking up env vars in the Config snapshot

rustdoc: correctly merge import's and its target's docs in one more case

rustdoc: docFS: replace rayon with threadpool and enable it for all targets

rustdoc: implement bag semantics for function parameter search

clippy: add allow_attribute lint

clippy: new lint to detect &std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string()

clippy: enhance ifs_same_cond to warn same immutable method calls as well

clippy: fix almost_swapped false positive (let mut a = b; a = a)

clippy: fix almost_swapped: Ignore external macros

clippy: issue function modifiers in the right order in manual_async_fn lint

rust-analyzer: add an autofix for inserting an unsafe block to missing unsafe diagnostic

rust-analyzer: prioritize missing variants in match pattern completions

rust-analyzer: allow the status bar item to be clicked again

rust-analyzer: fix reference completions being emitted in places other than argument lists

rust-analyzer: fix rustc proc-macro handling being broken on the rustc workspace itself

rust-analyzer: fix visibility resolution not respecting parent blocks

rust-analyzer: only skip adjustment hints for block, if and match expressions for reborrows

rust-analyzer: lint incoherent inherent impls

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

A mixed week, with some nice wins, but also at least two PR's that were subsequently reverted, such as the upgrade to LLVM 16. We do want to note PR #108944, which cut down on crate metadata, binary sizes, and was an overall win on execution time for many benchmarks.

Triage done by @pnkfelix. Revision range: 00587489..ef03fda3

1 Regressions, 4 Improvements, 11 Mixed; 2 of them in rollups 37 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

[disposition: merge] RFC: result_ffi_guarantees

Tracking Issues & PRs

[disposition: merge] Initial support for return type notation (RTN)

[disposition: merge] rustdoc: add support for type filters in arguments and generics

[disposition: merge] rustdoc: run more HIR validation to mirror rustc

[disposition: merge] Add a builtin FnPtr trait that is implemented for all function pointers

[disposition: merge] Clarify stability guarantee for lifetimes in enum discriminants

New and Updated RFCs

No New or Updated RFCs were created this week.

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2023-03-22 - 2023-04-19 🦀

Virtual

2023-03-22 | Virtual (Richmond, VA, US) | Rustaceans RVA

Rustaceans RVA - March Meetup

2023-03-27 | Virtual | Rust Formal Methods Interest Group

Flux: Ergonomic Verification of Rust Programs with Liquid Types

2023-03-28 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | Berline.rs - OpenTechSchool Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn

2023-03-28 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Last Tuesday

2023-03-28 | Virtual (Redmond, WA, US) | Microsoft Reactor Redmond

Crack code interview problems in Rust: S2 Ep3

2023-03-29 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Writing your own rust 'book' with mdBook

2023-03-31 | Virtual (Tunis, TN) | Rust Tunisia

Rust Meetup Tunisia - Volume I, Number III

2023-04-04 | Virtual (Buffalo, NY, US) | Buffalo Rust Meetup

Buffalo Rust User Group, First Tuesdays

2023-04-05 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - with Social Distancing

2023-04-05 | Virtual (Stuttgart, DE) | Rust Community Stuttgart

Rust-Meetup

2023-04-11 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | Berline.rs - OpenTechSchool Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn

2023-04-11 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2023-04-11 | Virtual | Rust Live

Rust Live: Asynchronous Rust

2023-04-18 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC

Mid-month Rustful—Introducing duplicate! and the peculiarities of proc macros

2023-04-19 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

Europe

2023-03-28 | Zurich, CH | Rust Zurich

High performance concurrent data structures in Rust - March Meetup

2023-03-29 | Paris, FR | Rust Paris

Rust Paris meetup #57

2023-04-04 | Berlin, DE | Berline.rs

Rust and Tell - Goodbye👋 Edition

2023-04-06 | Lyon, FR | Rust Lyon

Rust Lyon Meetup #3

2023-04-19 | Zurich, CH | Rust Zurich

sett: data encryption and transfer made easy(ier)

Asia

2023-04-08 | Kyoto, JP | Kansai Rust

Demystifying Closures

2023-04-12 | Kuala Lumpur, MY | Rust Malaysia; Telegram

Rust Meetup Malaysia April 2023: How far is Dioxus from React? by Ivan Tham | Map

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

The generated program is a random sequence of bytes that just happens to take the shape of a seemingly working program by accident. Such is the joy of code that causes UB. You cannot deduce anything from what happens when you execute a program with UB, since that act is by itself meaningless. You need to establish that your program has no UB before making any inference based on what you see the program do after it came out of the compiler.

– Ralf Jung on github

Thanks to bugaevc for the suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[herman-conley]

Diablo 3 vs. Diablo 4: What Will Change in the Upcoming Game

Diablo 3 vs. Diablo 4: What Will Change in the Upcoming Game

The Background and Overview of the game

Diablo is an action role-playing hack and slash video game series developed by Blizzard Entertainment. The series is set in the dark fantasy world of Sanctuary and features a variety of heroes battling against the forces of darkness, most prominently the titular diablo.

Diablo 3 was initially released in 2012, and it took eight years for its sequel - Diablo 4 - to be announced in 2019. As expected, there are a lot of changes coming in this new game, which will be different from the previous ones.

The Gameplay of Diablo 4

The gameplay of Diablo 4 will be much more darker and immersive than Diablo 3, which was much more arcade-like. Diablo 4 will focus more on the gameplay and the mechanics than on the graphical design. Blizzard Entertainment has stated that Diablo 4 will feature an open-world system, which means that the player will be free to explore the game world at their own pace and not be restricted by the level progression system.

Additionally, Diablo 4 will feature five playable classes - barbarian, druid, sorceress, paladin, and amazon. Each class will have unique abilities and features, such as the barbarian's ability to enter a rage state or the sorceress's ability to summon elemental minions.

The Storyline of Diablo 4

The story of Diablo 4 will take place after the events of the previous game and will continue the narrative of the series. The player will be introduced to Lilith, who is portrayed as the daughter of Mephisto, one of the three prime evils in the Diablo universe. Additionally, the player will be traversing the world of Sanctuary to track down Lilith, who is believed to have resurrected Diablo.

Diablo 4's story will be much more mature than its predecessors and will contain darker and more graphic themes. The game will also feature a non-linear storyline that will allow the player to explore different paths and narratives. This will be a big change from Diablo 3's single-player campaign that followed a linear progression.

The Multiplayer and Cooperative Gameplay of Diablo 4

Diablo 4 will feature a new PvP system that will allow players to engage in battles with others in the game world. Additionally, it will feature a new cooperative multiplayer mode that supports up to four players. The game will allow cross-play, which means that players will be able to play with others on different platforms.

Another new feature of Diablo 4 is the shared world system, which means that players will be able to see and interact with other players in the game world. This feature will be available in both single-player and multiplayer modes, and it will enrich the overall gameplay experience.

Article by None. Retrieved from [insert website link]. As we dive into the world of it, it's important to understand the basics the coming diablo 4.

[snazzy-specter]

Lauren Montgomery, the other Voltron showrunner, is set to direct a ITSV spin off about Spider-Gwen. When it comes to movies directors have more power than writers do, they can even make changes unlike with television where showrunners have the most control and directors don't

i didn't know about the spider-gwen thing. curious to see how that goes, but those are just talks for now.

as far as directors in movies go, you're not wrong, but that's also not entirely accurate. it really depends on the project. considering Lord was not a director on the first movie, i think he and Miller have more creative power than you think, considering how you can kinda feel their -isms in it and that are also in The Lego Movie and Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs.

(for the sake of clarity, the first movie's directors were Bob Persichetti [his first directing credit], Peter Ramsey [previously directed Monster's vs Aliens and Rise of the Guardians], and Rodney Rothman [his first directing credit too]).

even with that in mind, i think Montgomery has enough good stuff under her belt that, if nothing else, the end product will be acceptable.

also, again, film and television are collaborative. everyone plays are roll in the final product. you can't pin the blame for the failures of any on a single person. the most you can do is notice patterns in the end products that an artist is involved in and infer where their weaknesses lie. my brother's favorite punching bag, J.J. Abrams, has a very noticeable habit of prioritizing spectacle in the projects he leads at the cost of character and logical story progression. once you see it, you can spot it in a lot of his work, but there are times where that weakness can be mitigated by others. i'd argue a chief problem with his Star Wars movies is he was given to much control without anyone to properly balance his -isms (setting up mysteries with no solution being key amongst them).

furthermore, animation is especially collaborative, as not only are writers and directors making story decisions, so are storyboard artists, animators, hell even songwriters for some of the musicals.

here's an example; Howard Ashman is, in many ways, the linchpin of the DIsney Renaissance. i know i just said that film is the result of everyone working together, and i stand by that, but it was his knowledge and experience in theatre that created The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, and to a lesser extent Aladdin. he also is not credited as a writer or director in any of them. he is only credited as producer in The LIttle Mermaid because he passed away before he could be more involved in the following two.

heck, for when it comes to John Musker and Ron Clements, you can notice their -isms in the movies they did later (Hercules, Princess and the Frog, Moana), and you'll notice the -isms of Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise carry over to The Hunchback of Notre Dame (and possibly Atlantis: The Lost Empire, but i haven't seen that).

while i have no idea what went on behind the scenes, i have a very strong feeling that vld had some stuff go very, very wrong during production. a lot of it comes across as very rushed and first draft. my guess is that they wanted to tell a sweeping space opera epic about a small resistance gaining traction through forging careful alliances with the people disenfranchised by the galaxy-spanning empire with some additional science-fantasy elements for flavor (think Star Wars if it were on the scale of Legend of the Galactic Heroes). a show that would be too mature to get a green light from most TV execs because they wouldn't be able to fully market to kids, and not wanting to fall into the trap of "adult" animation on television. basically "what if we made a YA novel, but it was actually a cartoon?"

i think vld could have been a good show if it had been able to follow the old television model of being given a 65 episode order while following the more modern trend of linear narrative storytelling without the constraints of TV marketability. i also think Montgomery and Dos Santos, having come off of working on a show that had almost that exact model, were not prepared for whatever release deadlines were placed on them by their bosses, especially Netflix.

i don't want to write them off completely as "bad artists" or pretend that every project they so much as glance at will be terrible because of one stain on their career. i think the hatred to vld is kinda overblown and is the result of a lot of people not wanting to acknowledge that they really enjoyed it at first and felt hurt watching it become to crushingly mediocre.

hell, i've been that fan. i brought up Danny Phantom in my last post, so i'll just use it again, but when i first finished the show, i was one of those fans who would say the third season was just the worst, and it was all Butch Hartman's fault because he couldn't write. that the finale was the worst single episode of television (completely ignoring it wasn't even the worst episode of that season). i didn't want to except that, while i thought a show would get better, it only got worse. in Danny Phantom's case, it was absolutely because Hartman is not a terribly good writer and the guy in charge of the project that was at least better was no longer involved. with vld though, it's really hard to say, and short of a tell-all interview with Dos Santos and/or Montgomery, we'll probably never know what went wrong.

i'm willing to throw them both a bone, and with a project with a lot of very strong creative involved, i trust that their weaknesses will be more than covered.

[monster-volk]

[Key Elements of Game Design | Multiple Examples]

[Topics discussed]

Player Punishment

Easter Eggs

Self Led Gameplay 

Goals. Challenges and Rewards 

Progression Vs Emergent Gameplay 

Balance, Flow and Microtransactions 

[Player Punishment]

Sonic the Hedgehog

Player punishment is required in order toouhfhdkdhjfhdskfsdfksdhfkjsksdhskjh rewarding blah blah blah objective blah blah blah IDFKKKKKK!!

Sonic punishes the player by having them lose rings when they are hit 

Rings are effectively HP within Sonic and if you have 0, if you are hit you will die 

This is balanced out by allowing the player to recollect their rings for a short period of time after being hit 

The player can also collect more rings as they progress through the level 

[Secrets & Easter Eggs]

Bully

The cars in the background of the shop class are models from GTA 

References to Manhunt such as townspeople mentioning the main antagonist Starkweather and drawings of Piggsy in the asylum 

“I’m the daddy now” quote by Jim taken from the 1979 movie ‘Scum’ 

Vance Medici might say, "You're tearin' me apart." if the player knocks him out, a reference to The Room and Rebel Without a Cause 

[]

Stardew Valley

Stardew Valley is a great casual game to play as there is no real mastery of skill 

Controls aren’t especially intuitive, however, most casual players would be playing on mobile so that’s not a huge problem 

Despite having punishments it’s very forgiving and allows the player freedom to direct their own gameplay 

This can also be a con as no real direction can confuse more casual players as they’ll have too much choice 

Simplistic art style 

[Sandbox Games]

No Man's Sky

No Man’s Sky has a sandbox mode where you can explore the various AI generated galaxies and solar systems and have all the building blueprints to begin with, so you have no limitations 

A lot of No Man’s Sky is self-led, although there is a main quest there are also various side quests and it’s not mandatory to complete them in a specific order or specific way 

[Core Gameplay Mechanics] 

What is meant by core gameplay mechanics are the systems, functions and rules set up by the game, usually meant to challenge a player

An example would be how in platformer games you can jump and move from side to side.

[Goals, Challenges and Rewards] 

Without any drive for the player to continue the game, mechanics can become incredibly boring by themselves 

Developers usually reward players in the form of prizes after completing tasks, goals, levels, etcetera.

[Progression Vs Emergent Gameplay] 

Progressive gameplay has a linear gameplay that has a singular path/conclusion for the player to work towards.

Whereas emergent gameplay offers the player the ability to lead themselves throughout the game and interact with it however they want to. Often these games don't have a conclusion.

Examples of emergent styles of gameplay would be games with multiple endings, multiple side quests, choice based consequences, etcetera.

However, this does not make either form of gameplay mutually exclusive and can be incorporated together, an example being No Man's Sky as you can choose to play as you wish, exploring, trading, building, fighting, etcetera but there is a main, linear storyline with a single conclusion. Even if you complete the main storyline, the player can continue to play the game however they wish to.

[Balance, Flow and Microtransactions] 

 Balance and flow refers to the game's pacing and if it's consistent or comfortable for players.

Things that can affect balance and flow can be harsh player punishments or lax ones, as well as sometimes how the storyline of a game is written, though this is not as imporant.

Microtransactions in recent year have affected balance and flow in a lot of games as companies will try to frustrate players into purchasing in-game items.

This can also affect other players as if you are on a multiplayer platform, those who can afford the best items will become the best in the game which will hurt other players' experience.

[minisciencecentre]

What Are Teaching Models In Mathematics?

Mathematics is not only a subject but it is the language with some different symbols and relations. Mathematics simplifies all the things easily but in different manner. Math teaching models are just like a bridge which associates mathematics with real life event or a problem. The basic purpose of those models is how to make mathematics education interesting and students enjoy doing mathematics, not only for their academic progress but discovers new tricks, methods and mainly they can be able to relate all the math problems or content of text book to real life problems.

Education defines mathematical modeling as a way of solving problems in the maths and science, if modeling is carried out taking into account the real characteristics of the processes or systems that are being modeled.

The difference is that mathematical modeling can be part of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a domain-specific instruction theory for mathematics. In other words, it is hardly possible to educate mathematical modeling by itself, since it is most often associated with an understanding of processes and systems studied in other sciences (physics & etc.).

Therefore, RME is an innovative learning approach that emphasises mathematics as a human activity that must be associated with real life using real world context as the starting point of learning.

Maths teaching models or mathematical modellings are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, earth science, chemistry) and engineering disciplines (such as computer science, electrical engineering), as well as in non-physical systems such as the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology, political science).

Mathematical models can take many forms, including dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, or game theoretic models etc. Mathematical models are of different types:

Linear vs. nonlinear:- If all the operators in a mathematical model exhibit linearity, the resulting mathematical model is defined as linear. A model is considered to be nonlinear otherwise. The definition of linearity and nonlinearity is dependent on context, and linear models may have nonlinear expressions in them.

Static vs. dynamic:- A dynamic model accounts for time-dependent changes in the state of the system, while a static model calculates the system in equilibrium, and thus is time-invariant. Dynamic models typically are represented by differential equations or difference equations.

Explicit vs. implicit:- If all of the input parameters of the overall model are known, and the output parameters can be calculated by a finite series of computations, the model is said to be explicit. But sometimes it is the output parameters which are known, and the corresponding inputs must be solved for by an iterative procedure, such as Newton's method or Broyden's method. In such a case the model is said to be implicit.

Discrete vs. continuous:- A discrete model treats objects as discrete, such as the particles in a molecular model or the states in a statistical model; while a continuous model represents the objects in a continuous manner, such as the velocity field of fluid in pipe flows, temperatures and stresses in a solid, and electric field that applies continuously over the entire model due to a point charge.

Deterministic vs. probabilistic:- A deterministic mathematical model is meant to yield a single solution describing the outcome of some ""experiment"" given appropriate inputs. A probabilistic model is, instead, meant to give a distribution of possible outcomes.

Deductive, inductive, or floating:- A deductive model is a logical structure based on a theory. An inductive model arises from empirical findings and generalization from them. The floating model rests on neither theory nor observation, but is merely the invocation of expected structure.

The creation and use of maths teaching models can help students develop new concepts or relationships and make connections between symbols and concepts. Because different models show different aspects of the maths and science concept. Through model, students can express how they understand the mathematical concept or relationship.

Syndication URL on What Are Teaching Models In Mathematics?

[comicaurora]

Abt the How To Dynamic Paneling, something that also helps is by reading a lot of different comics and seeing how those artists do their layouts and working out their how and whys. Personally I've been rereading (for like the 3rd time after following it since first release lol) Spy x Family and while no spoilers the series is very much a balance between comedy and action, and while no spoilers there's really interesting panels in some of those latter scenes where weapons will break OVER the panel borders to emphasize its power. It's really cool but it's also a function of the particular tone and style of the comic; the comedy and lower stakes moments are often softer with less concrete framing, and I think on some level working out how the paneling happens is something that depends on the actual artist style and medium over most things. Namesake also has some gorgeous layouts

Spy X Family is both very cute and very good at communicating clear action without overloading on speed lines! It also has to juggle the complexities of having a psychic protagonist and making a clear distinction between what she's telepathically sensing vs what's she's thinking on her own vs what people around her are saying vs non-diegetic narration. It also plays with panel borders - in this page from chapter 3 (I'm only gonna use examples for chapter 3 to avoid spoilers) the figures in the second panel fully overlap the first panel, unrestrained by the borders. The third panel, however, fully encloses the figures, speech bubbles and narration box.

They do this with word bubbles a lot, producing an effect similar to how a cut to a wide or environmental shot would work in TV. It implies that the dialogue plays over the unrelated background shot or scene. The narration is also helpfully contained in a different-shaped hard-edged rectangular box, quite distinct from any dialogue or thought bubbles, helping us recognize instinctively that while Anya can hear anything and everything in the rounded bubbles, the narration is firmly separated from in-universe speech and thought.

In this one, the speech bubbles for the loud, angry shouting crowd break the panel borders, signifying how they're overwhelming Anya, in contrast to the other, softer narration and dialogue which is contained within the panel borders.

And this chapter also has an action-heavy page that skews the panel borders to follow the direction of movement, drawing the eye down to the center of the motion! The speed lines and sound effect follow the same perspective rules and don't obscure the background figures. The two panels on the left side contrast the sudden action and extreme movement by showing two timeless or slow-motion moments, signified by the particles (and teeth) hanging suspended in the air - the absence of speed lines indicates to us that these moments are single, frozen vignettes. We know exactly what this scene would look and feel like when animated.

Characters will often overlap panels and borders to signify that they're reacting to or thinking about something in that panel. It's a very efficient way of making the scene feel a little timeless and floaty, since it no longer signifies a strict linear progression of events.

This comic is doing a lot of interesting things with page layouts! I definitely recommend checking it out with an eye for what stylistic rules it follows, what rules it breaks, when it breaks them and why.

Also just read more comics in general. Can't stress that enough. It's win-win.

[supergiantgamescentralfan]

I’m currently in the process of beating Pyre and making my way to Hades’ epilogue, but today a video came up in my YouTube recommended highlighting Hades’ extensive dialogue system. It’s one of my favorite features of the game, so naturally, I happily watched it (and here is a link for you to check it out yourself) 

But one thing I was surprised to see is how closely Hades’ dialogue system came from Pyre’s. In fact, a developer even says word for word that Hades wouldn’t have even happened without Pyre setting the precedent for that dialogue system for Supergiant. 

Pyre, much like Hades, plays heavily off of player experience making it a unique story that loosely follows the same general plot for everyone. Everybody starts at the same point, but the game quickly branches out based on YOUR choices. In Pyre, you liberate characters one by one. So, if I liberate Jodi first, my game is automatically going to not have dialogue experiences someone who kept Jodi longer will have, and at the same time, include experiences that will only occur if Jodi isn’t present (or at least is more likely without her there). 

And even with liberations aside, there are probably differences for people who win every rite, vs. people who win some but not all, vs. people who lose all of them. That alone can cause the game to be a vastly different experience from just those 3 differences between the playthroughs. Hades works similarly, where you start at the same point (in a run, and every player receives Athena as their first Olympian boon), but quickly breaks down based on choices and player-specific actions. One thing that really struck me however, is how both games play so much off of losing. 

Hades has COUNTLESS dialogue and experiences based on if you die, how you die, how far you made it before you died, who or what caused your death, etc. You could argue that you arent even getting the full experience of the game unless you die a countless amount of times. 

Pyre is a game where you can’t die, but you can lose. I was shocked to discover it isn’t like Bastion or Transistor (other Supergiant games), with more linear plots. If you lose, you get a gameover and just try again until you succeed. Pyre, however, goes, “Oh, we lost? Well, there is no choice but to keep moving forward.” There is no, “game over.” There is only more progress to be made. You can have an ending of the full story where you lose every single rite you ever participate in. This probably presents a wide variety of dialogue you will not see if you didn’t lose this much, if at all. I’m fairly certain a dev in the video above even says Pyre has somewhere around 2 million dialogue instances that are impossible to see with just one playthrough. 

I just really think it’s interesting to think about these games and these concepts of these heavily immersive and player-unique experiences, ESPECIALLY ones that play off of what we would usually consider failure. 

[miss-wizard]

Mario Kart x Crawl: Multidimensional Progression vs. Linear/Additive Progression

Dialogical Analysis

Mario Kart's an alright game, but in terms of actual design its so agonisingly boring to me. like, ok, you want to be a party game that uses negative feedback loops to engage players regardless of skill level? dope, we love it, go off. what's that? the loops are only implemented through an item economy that directly and heavily punishes other players? I'm going to vomit.

It's an ok idea, and its certainly great at teaching basic multiplayer design, but party games have since made leaps and bounds in how losing players are engaged.

I'm gonna shout out one of my favourite party games: Powerhoof's Crawl. It's definitely not entirely comparable to Mario Kart in terms of gameplay and scope, but the developers are so good at the emergent balancing Nintendo tries to create.

The best term I can think of to describe Crawl's gameplay is symmetrical-asymmetrical. One player is the "hero", and the others are ghosts who try to kill them. When the player is killed, whoever killed them becomes the new hero. Only the hero can win the game, but the ghosts have access to a large selection of enemies and traps (including in the final boss fight).

The reason it's so good is that both the hero and the ghosts level up throughout the game, which makes it increasingly hard for a single player to lead the whole time. Bad players still get to play in the foreground, and will naturally get an advantage in combat if they're unable to become the hero. Players who stay the hero for a long time are going to have an under-levelled ghost, which gives other people a chance to be the hero when they die.

Good players will still win more often, and gameplay still requires skill to succeed, but losing players aren't going to be completely abandoned as soon as they make a mistake.

Mario Kart is permanently married to a massive positive feedback loop in that players are moving forward; each success or failure builds on the previous. This type of progression, which I'm calling linear/additive progression, is naturally antithetical to party games, since all gameplay encounters can only impact the game through a single dimension. Stuff like the blue shell is so inherently frustrating because the only way to limit good players' progress is by stopping them in their tracks.

In contrast, Crawl's asymmetrical hero/ghost gameplay loops create a second dimension of progression. The hero can interact with the main form of progress (the boss), but is entirely cut off from the secondary form of progress (levelling up their ghost).

tl;dr Mario Kart is built on a linear progression system (racing) that stops it from being able to seriously balance out skill gaps between players. Crawl has a secondary independent type of progress available to players who aren't in the lead, which naturally de-emphasises the importance of the main progression loop.