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softwaretestingleaders32 · 30 days ago

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How to Write Effective Test Cases: A Step-by-Step Guide - STL

No matter how well-designed a piece of software may be, it must undergo numerous levels of testing before being made available. Therefore, each tester or QA must create a number of test cases for each project they work on.

Naturally, creating quality test cases is crucial. That’s exactly what this post intends to provide for its readers.

#softwaretestingleaders #stl #How to Write Effective Test Cases: A Step-by-Step Guide - STL

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govindhtech · 8 months ago

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Quality assurance using IBM Ignite Quality Platform

IBM Ignite Platform

QA is a vital phase in the software development lifecycle, verifying that software fulfills quality standards before release. QA is a systematic approach of discovering, preventing, and correcting issues throughout the development process.

But there are a number of issues in the QA field that impact defect volume, test case automation, and test case inventory. The huge number of test cases might make managing the inventory difficult and result in inefficiencies and resource shortages. Test case automation is useful, but it may also present difficulties when it comes to choosing the right instances, ensuring adequate upkeep, and obtaining thorough coverage. Software quality and release schedules are impacted by defect volume, which is a constant source of worry.

To overcome these obstacles, a careful and proactive strategy is needed to reduce the number of errors in the QA process, maximize the efficacy of automation, and simplify test cases. Delivering high-quality software solutions that satisfy user expectations and industry requirements requires striking a balance between these factors.

IBM Ignite testing Test case optimization must be the main priority if test case volume is to be decreased. In order to cover different situations, this method entails finding duplicate or overlapping test cases and unifying them. It’s crucial to prioritize test cases according to crucial features and possible hazards in order to maximize testing efficiency. By maximizing coverage without sacrificing quality, teams may also direct resources where they are most needed by using risk-based testing. Careful design and ongoing maintenance may improve the efficacy of test case automation.

Another approach is to carefully choose the test cases for automation, emphasizing crucial, time-consuming, and repeated circumstances. Automated test scripts must also be updated on a regular basis to ensure their relevance and dependability in the face of application changes. Implementing strong testing approaches, such as shift-left testing, where testing activities are started earlier in the development process, is a proactive response to faults. To find and fix bugs early, development and testing teams should emphasize cooperation, use tools for static analysis, and conduct comprehensive code reviews.

All of this is provided by IBM via The IBM IGNITE Quality Platform (IQP), a DevOps-enabled single sign-on platform that optimizes testing using proprietary techniques and AI capabilities. The platform introduces shift left strategies that support an organization’s end-to-end testing lifecycle by accelerating automation with healing capabilities and predicting and preventing problems. These approaches also lead to high-quality delivery.

IBM Ignite tool Handle: Supported by an integrated platform that centrally and in one location controls several tenants, users, apps, projects, and all the functional and technical settings required for the testing process. It also encourages the quality plan journey, which lowers faults as its goal. Additionally, it incorporates several third-party connectors, including top git-based repositories, test and defect tools, and cloud-based web and mobile testing tools, as well as quality suggestions that come from other components.

Optimize: Aimed to bring in a shift left in revealing faults early and provide the best possible collection of testcases with 100% coverage.

Requirement analytics (RA): A natural language processing (NLP) tool for requirements analysis that drives in shift left, finds ambiguities, and assesses complexity. Additionally, it helps identify important features for the optimization journey in a semi-automated manner.

Search Tag & Model (STAM) Using a text-based analytics tool called Search Tag & Model (STAM), users may quickly analyze a large number of pre-existing tests to find redundancies and pinpoint important characteristics for the optimization process.

Optimization (TO): A tool based on the Combinatorial Test Design Methodology that facilitates the creation of an optimized test plan with the greatest possible coverage using YAML, relational data, existing tests, and current requirements. incorporates ideas of functional context modeling and attribute pooling for reusability.

IBM Ignite test automation The goal was to swiftly create, automate, and run many unattended tests on a range of platforms, data, and settings.

Assists in producing TO model-based and nonmodel-based tests that are prepared for both automated and manual testing (Test Generation, TG). Additionally, it facilitates the rapid conversion of bespoke Selenium-based frameworks to IQP-specific automation, automated BDD script development using recording mechanisms, and custom BDD generation for client-based frameworks. Optimized Test Flow Automation (OTFA) is a scriptless test automation framework based on Cucumber that supports the automation of Web, Mobile, REST, and SOAP-based applications. It integrates Jmeter-based performance testing with visual testing and has an integrated test healing feature.

Analyze Skilled in comprehending the defect patterns of a client, cognitive test components facilitate speedier defect resolution, provide insight, and forecast potential issues. These predictions lead to preventative advice that may be used to both Agile and conventional engagements. Better planning and fewer test cycles are also facilitated by its failure prediction capacity.

Defect Classify (IDC) is a plug-in solution that enables automated defect assignment and categorization while on the move, facilitating quicker defect analysis and resolution. Defect Analytics (IDA): Designed with the defect reduction approach in mind, this tool comprehends the flaws’ semantics and offers preventive advice to further minimize them. In order to improve test management and planning, Defect Predict (IDP) evaluates and forecasts the trend of defects in a test cycle. IBM’s unique methods to automation

IBM is prioritize optimization over automation as part of their multiple shift-left methodology approach to reduce the waste snowball effect. IBM make use of a contemporary framework that integrates low-code techniques and supports behavior-driven development (BDD). IBM methodology encompasses a thorough automation of Web, Mobile, API, and SOAP-based applications, which is smoothly combined with performance testing.

Their approach is to carefully integrate every function into the DevOps pipeline, encouraging a unified and effective development lifecycle, all while adhering to the continuous testing concept. Beyond this, they also support Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions and cloud deployment, promoting scalability, flexibility, and accessibility in a quickly changing technological environment.

Proof of the effectiveness of the IGNITE Quality and Test IBM’s main goal is to provide their customers with measurable value by strategically minimizing testing requirements and while fostering client trust. IBM’s multi-technical experience allows them to provide a full and adaptable solution that fulfills their clients’ needs. IBM consistent results and client trust have reinforced their market leadership and dedication to meaningful solutions.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

#ibm #qa #ibmignite #devops #saas #ai #analysis #technology #technews #govindhtech

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testcompass · 9 months ago

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Did you know that with our 'early Model Based Testing (eMBT) solution TestCompass you can enrich the details of each node and test idea in your graphical model with specific test data and preconditions?

Now, the automatically generated test cases also include input values, defining different scenarios for testing edges, boundaries, and more! Plus, these details, like test data and preconditions, can be seamlessly exported to the Excel test design.

Are you curious how this works? Then ask for our free demo, and we'll demonstrate how it works using practical examples. After all, we use TestCompass ourselves as well, of course.

📧 [email protected]

#testing #eMBT #MBT #testdata #testdesign #testcase #boundary #edge #TestCompass #testidea

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mindfiresolutions-blog · 2 years ago

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SOFTWARE TESTING OF A CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Executive Summary

The CMS being one of the most powerful content management systems on the market today, is now available as a cloud-based, SaaS CMS. Designed for maximum ease of use, the application Cloud offers all the sophisticated features prized by leading organizations and delivers them to you through the cloud. That means there’s no hardware to install or product updates to download. It’s seamlessly handled for you in an infrastructure-free environment.

The initial engagement started the product development, laying the foundation for a long-term relationship including development of next versions in the software product roadmap, along with the development or establishment of supportive and extending tools, solutions, & related services with a motto in mind to simplify Web site development and authoring since its introduction.

About our Client

Client: CMS Solution provider

Location: MA, USA

Industry: Publishing, Print industry

Business Situation

The US firm set out to achieve its primary goal –testing of its internet/web based, workflow-driven content management software through which enterprises could easily perform web content management operations. Although multiple software service providers proposed solutions, Our Software QA testing team’s excellent QA testing solution(s) and strategy stood out, fulfilling the core requirement of Manual Testing in a SaaS-based implementation, and providing a definitive roadmap to deliver various Bug Free product versions.

Our Solution & Customer Benefits

With the client’s intent keeping in mind, Mindfire re-validated all the Wireframes and designed a set of business rules and added the change request in the architecture of the product which opened the gates to update the existing testcases to be more functional than the testcases which the client initially had. Mindfire’s QA team regularly monitored the test cases to track the changes in the functionality of the application and then simultaneously changed it in the test cases as well. Test cases were put on VSS server so that any person involved in the project can easily check-out and check-in the updated testcase at any point of time. QA team also added all fixed issues as part of the test cases which enhanced the test script in uncovering more scenarios. Some important issues were also uncovered when the testers performed functionality/ bug regression/installation and compatibility testing.

Technologies

Languages: ColdFusion, Java, JavaScript, AJAX, XML. Database: My SQL, MS SQL, Oracle. Mechanisms: – Shared Database, Replication Database And Static Content Generation. Automation: Test Library Automation Framework exposed by XML based interface. Servers: Windows 2003, Linux, Solaris, Railo

Download Full Case Study

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veerasblr-blog · 2 years ago

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A Beginner’s Guide About: UVM Tutorial

With digital systems becoming complex, verification methodologies are crucial. Earlier, experts could verify digital designs by analysing waveforms and performing manual checks. However, today’s complexity does not allow the same kind of verification. Therefore, the designers are trying to find the best way to automate the process.

The System Verilog language came as a boon for most engineers. It features certain mechanisms like classes, constraints, and cover groups that ease a few aspects of the verification of digital designs. Soon there were inventions of verification methodologies. UVM is one of those methodologies created for automated verification.

What Is UVM?

Released by Accellera, a Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) refers to a standardized methodology that enables faster development and reuse of verification environments and verification IP across the industry. Designers created UVM based on OVM, abbreviated as Open Verification Methodology version 2.1.1, the roots of which lie in the application of the languages IEEE 1800.

UVM is a set of class libraries that designers define using the syntax and semantics of System Verilog (IEEE 1800) and is now an IEEE standard. UVM tutorials help companies develop modular, reusable, and scalable testbench structures through an API framework that organizations deploy across multiple projects.

UVM verification follows a specific set of verification guidelines when creating a testbench. Through this approach, any verification engineer can develop verification components that are uniform and portable from one project to another. It reduces the effort to develop a new environment and easily modifies any components when required.

UVM Testbench Structure

Enlisted are the components and objects of the UVM testbench.

Test: The class derived from uvm_test represents a testcase that checks the various features of DUT (design-under-test)

Environment: Connected with DUT through the test interface, the uvm_env acts as a model controlling the test environment.

Driver: It fetches transactions from the sequencer and drives them to DUT via the physical interface.

Agent: It encapsulates everything required to generate the stimulus and monitor any logical connection with DUT.

Sequencer: It randomizes sequence items and sends them to the driver via TLM exports. It is useful for both sequencers and virtual sequencers.

Sequence Item: It refers to the basic user-defined transactions within a sequence. During the execution of sequences, they generate one or more sequence items passed by the sequencer to the driver’s boundary.

Interface: The interface keeps the communication between DUT and testbench.

Monitor: It detects the transactions on a physical interface and makes them available to other parts of the testbench via an analysis port.

Scoreboard: The UVM scoreboard compares the expected and actual values of various inputs of the DUT signals.

Coverage: Engineers collect the coverage information from the monitor via the analysis port. The component covers the design’s tested and untested scenarios based on design specifications.

Advantages of UVM

The primary advantages of UVM are the following:

· It separates the test environment from the testbench, making the environment reusable.

· UVM follows a standard approach in developing a testbench that makes the verification flow consistent.

· Support transaction level communication using TLM connections.

· The methodology uses a set of uvm_root library classes that customizes objects and components according to a specific requirement.

Why Choose Maven Silicon for learning UVM?

Maven Silicon emerged as the leading VLSI training centre, offering high-class industry standard VLSI training to novice and experienced engineers across the nation. The industry experts designed the course based on the semiconductor industry's job opportunities and career growth. Candidates choosing these courses can train themselves in design and verification methodologies like RTL design and UVM methodologies, evolving as experts in their fields. Moreover, their unique training procedure helps learners quickly learn the most complex technologies.

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t2mip · 2 years ago

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Verification IP Cores Available for Immediate Licensing

T2MIP, the global independent semiconductor IP Cores provider & Technology experts, is pleased to introduce its partner’s largest portfolio of Verification IP Cores. These VIPs are compatible with all verification languages, platforms and methodologies supporting all simulation, emulation and formal verification tools used in a Chip design verification flow.

With the increasing complexity of the SoC nowadays, the importance of Verification IP Cores is ever increasing to be used at multiple stages in a design flow. The Verification components are developed to achieve capabilities on high-level verification languages (HVLs). The VIP Cores are configurable, reusable plug-and-play verification solutions for standard interfaces based on HVL. All the verification IP Cores available for licensing come with advanced commands, configurations, and a status reporting interface making it very easy to use and debug. The verification IP Cores can also be customized to meet your needs if off the shelf solution is not available.

The wide variety of available VIP Cores, range from many different types of versions and standards for Interfaces based applications of USB, MIPI (CSI, DSI, D-PHY, C-PHY, RFFE, I3C, Unipro, UFS), Ethernet, Storage and Video (DDR, DisplayPort, HDMI, PCIe, NVM, SATA), Networking (CPRI, eCPRI, SDIO, UHS), Automotive and Serial Bus (UART, CAN, JESD204, JESD207, SPI, IEC7816). Apart from these VIP Cores, customizable verification tools can be designed in a very short amount of time to cater to any kind of testbench verification.

The Verification IP Cores are inherently supported in System Verilog VMM, RVM, AVM, OVM, UVM, Verilog, SystemC, VERA, Specman E, and non-standard verification environment. The VIP Cores come with complete regression suite containing all the testcases and examples showing how to connect various components, and usage of Transmitter, Receiver and Monitor with detailed documentation of all class, task and functions used in verification env. Easy to use command interface simplifies testbench control and configuration resulting in faster testbench development and more complete verification and a simplified result analysis.

Verification IP Cores are available independently or alongside Design IP solution as a packaged solution. The VIPs have been used in semiconductor industry’s Cellular, Storage, Multimedia, Networking, Automotive and other Consumer Electronic SoC design verifications worldwide.

In addition to Verification IP Cores, T2M ‘s broad silicon Interface IP Core Portfolio includes USB, MIPI, HDMI, Display Port, PCIe, DDR, 10/100/1000 Ethernet, Serial ATA, V by One, programmable SerDes, SD/eMMC and many more IP Cores available in major Fabs in process geometries as small as 7nm. They can also be ported to other foundries and leading-edge processes nodes on request.

Availability: These Semiconductor Interface IP Cores are available for immediate licensing either stand alone or with pre-integrated Controllers and PHYs. For more information on licensing options and pricing please drop a request / MailTo

About T2M: T2MIP is the global independent semiconductor technology experts, supplying complex semiconductor IP Cores, Software, KGD and disruptive technologies enabling accelerated development of your Wearables, IOT, Communications, Storage, Servers, Networking, TV, STB and Satellite SoCs. For more information, please visit: www.t-2-m.com

#VerificationIPCores #VerificationIP #IPVerification #VerificationIPProvider #T2MIPVerification

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pparn · 3 years ago

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Google Drive flags nearly empty files for 'copyright infringement'

Users were left startled as Google Drive's automated detection systems flagged a nearly empty file for copyright infringement.

The file, according to one Drive user, contained nothing other than just the digit "1" within.

Is digit '1' copyrighted? This week, Assistant Professor at Michigan State University, Dr. Emily Dolson, Ph.D. reported seeing some odd behavior when using Google Drive.

One of the files in Dolson's Google Drive, 'output04.txt' was nearly empty—with nothing other than the digit '1' inside it.

But according to Google, this file violated the company's "Copyright Infringement policy" and was hence flagged.

And what's worse is, the warning sent to the professor ended with "A review cannot be requeste for this restriction."

Dolson's file 'output04.txt' was stored at path 'CSE 830 Spring 2022/Testcases/Homework3/Q3/output' in Drive which led the professor to wonder if the file path possibly contributed to the false alarm.

Present on Dolson's "non-educational Google account," the file was among a batch of TXTs containing output generated as part of a homework assignment.

One too many digits A pseudonymous user also shared screenshots of their Google Drive account where files containing just the digit "1"—with or without newline characters, were flagged.

"The 1 byte files contain just '1', the 2-byte file is '1\n', and the 3-byte (not flagged yet) file has '1\r\n'," wrote the user.

google drive copyright violation Files with '1' also flagged by Google Drive for copyright violation (Imgur) And, it turns out the behavior isn't limited to just files containing the digit "1."

Dr. Chris Jefferson, Ph.D., an AI and mathematics researcher at the University of St Andrews, was also able to reproduce the issue when uploading multiple computer-generated files to Drive.

Jefferson generated over 2,000 files, each containing just a number between -1000 and 1000.

The files containing the digits 173, 174, 186, 266, 285, 302, 336, 451, 500, and 833 were shortly flagged by Google Drive for copyright infringement.

Some allege that should the file contain just the digit "0," Google would permanently disable your account, although the outcome more likely applies to users that Google deems to be repeat infringers.

"I deleted the experiment, just in case I got my account deleted for too many naughty numbers," writes Jefferson.

Mikko Ohtamaa, founder of Defi company Capitalgram, alleged that Google's automated style of flagging suspected copyright infringement candidates could be problematic with parts of the GDPR legislation.

Note, however, the GDPR Article 22 aka "automated individual decision-making, including profiling," more specifically refers to making automated decisions about individuals by profiling their online behavior, such as before granting a loan or when making hiring decisions, as explained by UK's ICO.

"I'd have more sympathy if it weren't 'A review cannot be requested for this restriction,'" writes HackerNews user OneLeggedCat. "It's designed to be as brutal and draconian as possible. They chose this. It is guilty until proven innocent, with no recourse."

It isn't known yet what causes this behavior, and BleepingComputer has been unable to reproduce the issue at the time of writing.

In 2018, Google published a detailed document explaining how the company fights piracy. But when specifically talking about Google Drive, the report states a "full-time abuse engineering team" was set up by Google for tackling illegal streams served on Google Drive. As such, not much information is available on how Google's algorithms process non-video content stored on Drive.

BleepingComputer reached out to Google well in advance of publishing with specific questions—such as, whether Google relied on checksums to keep track of copyrighted content and if this behavior rose from a possible hash-collision between copyrighted files and a benign ones sharing the same hash.

We have not heard back from Google at this time. สล็อต pg

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jobportalssite · 3 years ago

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IT---Technical-Test-Lead-|-Automated-Testing-|-Test-automation-framework-design

+Must Have Skills: Selenium, Automation testing, Bigdata testing, Nice to have skills: Agile Cloud testing Detailed Job Description: Selenium automation testing Selenium Automation testing Bigdata testing Agile Cloud testing Able to automate using Selenium Able to coordinate with Client during daily stand up Prepare test scenarios and testcases Minimum years of experience: 8 - 10 years Certifications Needed: No Top 3 responsibilities you would expect the Subcon to shoulder and execute: Able to automate using Selenium Able to coordinate with Client during daily stand up Prepare test scenarios and testcases Interview Process (Is face to face required?) No Does thi... from Job Portal https://jobportals.website/jobdetail.html?id=1506-IT---Technical-Test-Lead-|-Automated-Testing-|-Test-automation-framework-design

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jobsine · 3 years ago

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TEST AUTOMATION Job For 4-8 Year Exp In Live Connections Pune - 2153240

TEST AUTOMATION Job For 4-8 Year Exp In Live Connections Pune – 2153240

* Understandthe manual test cases and design/develop automation based on testcases. * Extendand enhance functional, regression, integration, and load/stressautomated test suites. Help define software requirements from theperspective of Hyderabad / Secunderabad , India 0 – 50 Years Apply for the job now! #TEST #AUTOMATION #Job #Year #Exp #Live #Connections #Pune

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sun-technologies · 3 years ago

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An Ultimate Guide For Successful Unit Testing To Boost Your Business Growth in 2021

Today, software testing is carried out in many procedures. Mostly, organizations strive to create the best products before it reaches the end-user. In this timeframe, the testing phrase comes into play depending on your requirement specific tests are considered to run on new software for identifying any bugs and errors in the modules.

Do you know? there are four different levels where software testing is performed:

1. Unit Testing

2. Integration Testing

3. System Testing

4. Acceptance Testing

What is Unit Testing?

Unit testing is a software testing process in which components of the software are tested. The mission of this testing is to validate each component of the software code as we expected. Unit testing is also known as component testing and it’s performed during the coding phase of an application by the developers right before the integration testing.

What’s Unique About Unit Testing?

Unit testing helps developers to uncover what type of functionality is offered by a unit along with getting to understand how the API responds. Further, it lets the programmers refine the code properly

· It helps to fix the bugs and reduces costs

· Allows developers to make changes in the testing code

· Executing in-depth unit tests serve as a project documentation

You can re-use the code and even migrate to a whole new project along with the previous test reports

Wondering How Does Unit Tests Look Like?

The unit code could be anything whether it’s a line of code, class, or method. In general, smaller tests gives an edge over their granular view of how that particular is performing. One of the key aspects of testing the small units results in unlocking the lightning speed where you can do thousands of tests in a fraction of a second.

If you’re looking for the best quality assurance service provider then, Sun Technologies’ helps enterprises to revamp their software application performance, product efficiency, identifying & fixing bugs in the earlier stages with rich customer satisfaction.

Read our case study by clicking here!

Insights of the sample code:

def divider (a, b)

return a/b

end

By Using Ruby, those small tests similarly look like this:

class smallTest < MiniTest::Unit::testCase

def tiny_test

@a=10

@b=2

assert_equal(2, divider(a, b))

end

Why Do We Need Unit Testing?

Unit testing increases the speed of testing. It enables to make changes in the code. However, writing test cases take a lot of time. Which it comes to unit testing, it is more reliable and the development process is faster. After running the test, if a test fails then only the newest changes need to be debugged.

Benefits of Unit Testing

· Makes the coding process more Agile

· Revamp the quality of the code

· Finds issues right at the early stages

· Reduces defects in the newly developed features

· Provides documentation of the system (API)

· Helps in debugging the process

· Saves time and money

· Increases performance

· Reduces code complexity

Techniques of Unit Testing

Black Box Testing – In black box testing, the functionality of the apps is deeply tested even without having the coding knowledge. Mostly, it focuses on the input and output of the software application. This black box testing is also called behavioral testing.

White Box Testing – In white box testing, the internal structure, design, and code of the software are tested. Even the code is visible to the testers. This white box testing is also called as open box testing or glass testing.

Gray Box Testing - It is a software testing process in which the apps or products are tested by professionals who have enough knowledge of the internal structure of the software application. This type of testing drastically increases the test coverage and detects several bugs in the software testing.

Best Unit Testing Frameworks

NUnit – It is a tool that allows writing test scripts manually.

JMockit – Supports 3 types of code coverage.

Emma – An open-source toolkit that measures Java code coverage.

Quilt HTTP – A free cross-platform Java software development tool.

HtmlUnit – An open-source java library that supports JavaScript.

Embunit – It’s a tool designed for developers and testers.

SimpleTest – A PHP programming language that supports SSL, forms, and proxies.

ABAP Unit – Performs both automatically and manually unit testing.

Typemock – A free tool that reduces time consumption for fixing bugs.

LDRA – Performs starts to end-to-end quality checks.

Microsoft unit testing framework – Supports data-driven testing with a group of elements

Best Practices of Unit Tests

1. Run tests as fast as possible

2. Keep tests with low cyclomatic complexity

3. Prevent duplicate implementation logic

4. Tests must be readable

5. Representing the same behavior if no changes were made to the code

6. Use test doubles

7. Tests should have the names which reflect the whole scenario

8. Never couple the tests with implementation details

Conclusion

Unit testing plays an indispensable role in the process of software testing. In earlier times, it’s a task that is performed manually by the developers and testers. Due to the advancements in the software industry, every task has been automated by using the latest testing tools. In unit testing, rigorous discipline, consistency are required throughout the entire process of software development. Further, it saves a lot of time and upfront costs.

Contact us today for the quality assurance services.

#unit testing #software #qa #b2b lead generation #developers & startups

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testcompass · 2 years ago

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TestCompass supports the 'early Model Based Testing' (eMBT) aporoach. This can help you, for example:

✅ To stimulate and improve communication and collaboration between business and IT to achieve a shared understanding of the requirements in an early stage of the SDLC.

✅ To fully automate your test design phase and increase the test coverage.

✅ To give you clear insight into the impact on test cases after a change in the test basis.

✅ To automatically generate coverage based Gherkin feature files from a readable and graphical test model.

Are you curious about where eMBT and TestCompass can make the real difference for you? Why not activate the trial version today!

#keepitsimple #eMBT #communication #collaboration #gherkin #featurefile #checking #testcase #testcoverage #testdesign #requirements #TestCompass #easytouse #testmodel #mbt #freetrial #freedemo

https://lnkd.in/gEq7XUZ

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finderfox739 · 3 years ago

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Selenium Xpath Cheat Sheet

Selenium Xpath Cheat Sheet Pdf

Selenium Xpath Cheat Sheet

Selenium Testcase with Nose in Python; Agile Testing Interview Questions and Answers; 4 Mindset Principles That Will Help You Thrive In 2021 as QA/ Software Tester. Selenium Grid Tutorial For Beginners (Step By Step) The Ultimate Cheat Sheet on XPath in Python. In this page you will get some basic explanation about function, statement and steps to work with selenium webdriver. Load the webpage using chrome driver. Java selenium commands cheat sheet - Selenium Blog says: May 11, 2018 at 11:32 am Previous: Previous post: Execute Python Selenium tests in Selenium GridNext: Next post: Python selenium commands cheat sheet. CSS and XPath can both be used to denote locations in an XML document. These 2 syntaxes help guide your Selenium tests and allow automation to follow your well thought out test strategy. CSS is native to all browsers and specifically built for rendering in browsers, while XPath can give your Selenium test an exactness that is sometimes lacking.

CSS and XPath can both be used to denote locations in an XML document. These 2 syntaxes help guide your Selenium tests and allow automation to follow your well thought out test strategy. CSS is native to all browsers and specifically built for rendering in browsers, while XPath can give your Selenium test an exactness that is sometimes lacking in CSS. We put together a few tables to help translate XPath to CSS and vice versa. For browser testing, this translation can be especially effective for designers, developers and testers working together during the development and testing phase.

General:What It DoesXPathCSSAll HTML/htmlhtmlBody of Page/html/bodybodyElement box absolute reference/body/…/boxbody > … > .boxAny element matching boxboxboxAny element in the document**ID of an element(@id='green-background')#green-backgroundClass of an element(@class='Box').boxAny element matching title that is a descendant of boxbox//titlebox > titleAny element matching title that is a child of boxbox/ title.box .titleAny element matching title immediately preceded by box elementbox/following-sibling::*(1)/self::title.box + .titleImage element//imgimg

Selenium Xpath Cheat Sheet Pdf

PredicatesWhat It DoesXPathCSSSelects first child element/box/title(1).box .title:first-childSelects the last child element/box/title(last()).box .title:last-childSelects the second to last child element/box/title(last()-1).box .title:nth-last-child(2)