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nic-biostudies · 6 years ago

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I don’t know if any of you has ever been curious about the school system of other countries, but I’ve always been wondering “how does it work there?” so, assuming that there are other people like me, I thought that making a post about the school system of my home country would be cool, so here it is !

How does the school system work in Italy?

Basics

every level of education (from pre-school to university) is divided into years, which gather students of the same age

students belonging to the same year are divided into classes composed of 15/30 students and they usually last from the first to the last year of school

classes have nothing to do with subjects

students don’t move from one room to another to follow lessons, the teachers move

all subjects are compulsory, we don’t chose which subjects we want to take (with the excpetion of 2nd languages)

the school year starts in mid September and ends at the beginning of June, we have a winter break of two/three weeks around Christmas time

the school week is 5 or 6 days long, it’s usually 5 days long from pre-school to primary school, and 6 days long in middle school and high school (even though most schools offer a 5 days long week option)

we don’t wear uniforms (unless it’s a private school), but we have to wear this in primary school

the school day usually lasts 5/6 hours if you have a 6 days long week (if you have a five days long week you usually have two or three days that last 8 hours), there are no free hours during a “normal” school day

we don’t really have a sports’ culture in Italy, so there aren’t any school teams, in some high schools there are sports tournaments which are organized by students and are held among teams made of students beloning to the same class

lockers aren’t a thing (or they are a really rare thing)

we have both written and oral tests which are spread during the whole lenght of the school year

marks go from 0 to 10, you have to get more than 6 to pass

in high school it’s possible to fail one or more subjects, to pass the year you have to take an exam of that subject/subjects in September

Levels of Education

1) Pre-School

called Asilo nido or Nido d’infanzia, literally “nest pre-school” or “infancy nest”

non-compulsory

lasts for a maximum of c.a. 3 years

gathers children aged from 3 months to 3 years old

2) Kindergarten

called Scuola dell’infanzia or Scuola materna, literally “infancy school” or “maternal school”

non-compulsory

usually lasts 3 years

divided in three “grades”: piccoli, medi, grandi [small (kids), middle (kids), big (kids)]

gathers children aged from 2.5 to 6 years old

3) Primary school

called Scuola primaria or Scuola elementare, literally “primary school” or “elementary school”

compulsory

lasts 5 years (or more if you fail a year, which is very uncommon in primary school)

gathers students aged from 5/6 to 10/11 years old

the subjects studied are the same for every school (even though the ones of private schools can be slightly different) and they are: Italian, maths, English, mathematics, natural sciences, history, geography, pe, arts, music, and religious studies (non-compulsory)

4) Secondary school

called Scuola superiore di primo grado o Scuola media, literally “lower secondary school” or “middle school”

compulsory

lasts 3 years (or more if you fail a year/multiple years)

gathers students aged from 10/11 to 13/14 years old

the subjects studies are the same for every school (again, there may be some changed in private schools, like the addition of Latin) and they are: Italian, maths, English, second foreign language (either Spanish, French or German), science, technology, arts, history & geography, music, pe, and religious studies (non-compulsory)

at the end of the third year there’s a leaving exam, the subjects tested are: Italian (writing an essay), maths (4 exercises), English (text comprehension), second language (text comprehension), INVALSI (national tests of Italian and maths); you receive a mark between 0 and 10 e lode (10 cum laude), you pass the exam if you get more than 6

by passing the exam a student gets the Licenza Media (middle school license) so that they can attend high school

5) High school

called Scuola superiore (di secondo grado), literally “(upper) secondary school”

lasts 3 or 5 years (or more if you fail a year/multiple years), only a 5 years hs gives you a degree which allows you to go to university, a 3 years hs gives you a license

gathers students aged from 13/14 to 18/19 years (usually), even though students can decide to leave high school at 16 without getting a degree or by getting a license

after middle school students get to chose the kind of high school they want to get in, the kinds of school are accessible to every student as they don’t need a certain mark to get in

all high schools have some common subjects which are: Italian, English, maths, history, science, pe, and religious studies (non-compulsory); every kind of school has its specific additional subjects

high schools are divided in: licei (lyceums), istituti tecnici (technical institutes), and istituti professionali (professional institutes/vocational schools)

some kinds of schools offer different paths, students have to chose the “turn” they want to give to their studies at the beginning of the third year of high school

the kinds of lyceums are: 1. Artistic, with different turns (each turn has its specific additional subjects): figurative arts, architecture, design, multimedia, graphic, scenography 2. Classic, additional subjects are: Latin and Ancient Greek Linguistic, additional subjects are: two foreign languages (in addition to English) 3. Musical & Coreutical, with different turns (each turn has its specific additional subjects): musical, coreutical 4. Scientific, with different turns (each turn has its specific additional subjects): traditional, applied sciences, sports 5. Human Sciences, with different turns (each turn has its specific additional subjects): traditional, social & economic

technical institutes are divided into economic ones and technological ones: 1. economic ones are: A. for Administration, Finance and Marketing [with turns: traditional, international relations, corporate information systems] B. for Turism 2. technological ones are: A. Mechanics [with turns: mechanics and mechatronics, energy] B. Transport and Logistics [with turns: construction (of the mean of transport), conduction (of the mean of transport), logistics] C. Electronics [with turns: electronics, electrical engeneering, automation] D. Informatics [with turns: informatics, telecomunications] E. Graphics and Comunication F. Chemistry [with turns: chemistry, enviromental biotechnologies, sanitary biotechnologies] G. Textile [with turns: traditional, footwear & fashion] H. Agricoltural [with turns: Productions & transformations, Management of the environment, Viticulture and oenology] I. Constructions [with turns: traditional, geotechnical]

professional institutes are there to “teach you a job”, this is the only kind of schools that allows you to get a license after your third year and leave high school, they are divided into those for services and those for industries and handicrafts: 1. services ones are: A. Social and Health care [with turns: traditional, dental technician, optician] B. Commercial, Food and Hospitality [with turns: cookery, serving and selling, hospitality] 2. industries ones are: 1. Productions [with turns: industry, handicrafts] 2. Maintenance and Technical assistance

To graduate high school you have to pass the Esame di maturità (literally “maturity’s exam”), the exam is composed of four different parts: first part [an essay, in Italian], second part [a test on the “characteristic” subject of the kind of school you attend], third part [a test on different subjects 3/4/5/6 depending on the individual school], fourth part [an oral exam on different subjects, the number depends on the choice of the exam’s committee]

(THE NEW MINISTRY OF EDUCATION IS PLANNING ON CHANGING IT)

The exam is graded with a mark from 0 to 100 cum laude, to pass a student has to get more than 60

6) Higher Education

Higher education is mainly covered by universities, there are some superior grad schools and professional higher schools as well

University is built on the 3+2 system, meaning: a Laurea Triennale (Bachelor’s degree) lasting 3 years + a Laurea Magistrale (Master’s degree) lasting 2 years

After the Master’s degree you can access to Post-MA degrees, Doctorates or Specializing schools

There are some exceptions to the 2+3 system: Law (lasts 5 years), Medicine (lasts 6 years), Pharmacy (lasts 5 years), Dentistry (lasts 5 years), Primary teacher education (lasts 5 years), Architecture (lasts 5 years in some universities), Veterinary medicine (lasts 5 years)

Each university usually offers every kind of course, the only exception are Polytechnic Universities, which only offer Engeenering courses and Architecture

The admission requirements can vary from each course and each university: some have entrance tests, some are “free entrance” and don’t have a limit in the number of students that can enroll, some have a limit and the students who apply first are the one that can enroll

Some courses have national wide entrance tests, the courses are: Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Health Care (nursing, midwifery, physioterapy, etc)

The academic year starts in mid September/early October and ends in late May/early June

Classes usually aren’t cumpolsory and there are no classes on saturdays (unlike what it’s usually like in hs)

Exams are grouped in sessions, during sessions there are no classes, there are 3 main sessions during the year and some extra ones depending on the course/university, the main ones are: January/February, June/July, September

During each session you can take the exams related to the previous semesters, including the exams from the previous years

Marks go from 0 to 30 cum laude, to pass you have to get over 18

There’s no limit of times you can fail an exam, and there usually isn’t a number of exams you have to pass to move to the next year

If you don’t graduate in time you are “fuoricorso” (this is really common especially during the bachelor’s degree)

When you graduate, your finaly mark can go from 0 to 110 cum laude, and it depends on your GPA

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watchilove · 5 years ago

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In 2020, the House of BOVET is showcasing green dials across its collections. The iconic Bovet Miss Audrey and Monsieur Bovet are two of the many designs adorned in this colour. In many cultures, green is a symbol of hope, luck, growth, and nature. Today, this link also symbolizes environmental protection. What cleaner energy is there than the one that powers a mechanical watch movement ? Or what eco-friendlier approach than storing this energy in a barrel that can provide this function for centuries?

Since its launch in 2015, Monsieur Bovet has become the symbol of timepieces featuring the iconic patented Amadéo® convertible case. Its elegance, understated design, and two faces make it a fitting timepiece for every moment in the life of the modern man. This precious timepiece is powered by an in-house movement that offers seven days of power reserve with a single barrel. This extraordinary power reserve demonstrates how BOVET’s artisans and watchmakers have perfectly mastered the art of energy. It is the fruit of the meticulous hand-crafted finishes on each of the movement’s components. It follows the traditional methods that the Bovet brothers used back at the dawn of the 19th century, and that optimally limited the friction of the components in a movement, allowing user comfort and chronometry thus meeting the highest criteria applied in fine watchmaking.

The guilloché motif on Monsieur Bovet’s two dials is an extension of the Maison BOVET’s symbol since 1822: a lotus flower with twelve petals that symbolizes the twelve hours counted on the dials. It is decorated with fine appliqué of Arabic numerals.

The House of BOVET continues to enhance its women’s collection in 2020. As demonstrated by the new edition of the Miss Audrey timepiece. It now features a green guilloché dial inspired by the lotus flower that reflects sumptuous shades. This timepiece is also housed in the Amadéo® convertible case, crafted in steel with a 36-mm diameter. The bezel and the iconic bow are set with white diamonds that beautifully enhance the dial.

The case’s convertible feature allows the timepiece to be worn on the wrist, transformed into a table clock or turned into a majestic pendant without needing to use any tools. To match the dial in perfect harmony, Mr. Raffy, BOVET 1822’s owner, has designed an original long jade bead necklace that highlights the refinement of the timepiece. Powered by an automatic movement displaying the date at 6 o’clock, Miss Audrey is a timepiece that offers the comfort of use that is rare for such a gem.

BOVET 1822’s craftsmen have once again skillfully combined their talents to create these two timepieces. The dial-makers add the finishing touch that attracts every eye. Several months of development and fine-tuning were required to accomplish the end result. The process that they follow to achieve excellence is extremely demanding. Each dial is guillochéd and then lacquered on a metal plate with a diameter that is greater than the finished dial. It is only once that the different layers of lacquer are applied that they carry out the drilling and machining operations. Given this sequence, these procedures are extremely delicate, and yet guarantee the legendary excellence of the dials and timepieces that Maison BOVET 1822, dedicated to engeenering brilliance, has been manufacturing for almost two centuries.

Bovet 1822 Miss Audrey & Monsieur Bovet Technical Specifications and Price

Reference Number AS36011-SD12

CASE

Type: Amadéo® convertible system

Diameter: 36mm

Thickness: 11mm

Material: Stainless steel

Setting: Bow and bezel set with 103 round-cut diamonds (~0.99ct)

Strap: Synthetic satin or full-grain alligator

Buckle: Stainless steel ardillon

Necklace: Rhodium-plated silver

Water-resistance: 30 m

MOVEMENT

Calibre: 11BA15

Type: Self-winding

Diameter: 11 ½’’’

Frequency: 28,800 v/h

Power reserve: 42 hours

Functions: Hours, minutes, date

DIAL

Green or blue guilloche or aventurine glass,

Set with 4 diamonds (~0.048ct)

PATENT

Convertible Amadéo® case

PRICE

CHF. 20’500.-

Reference Number AI43026

CASE

Type: Amadéo® convertible system

Diameter: 43 mm

Thickness: 12.35 mm

Material: 18K red or white gold

Strap: Full-grain alligator

Buckle: 18K red or white gold ardillon

Chain: 18K gold-plated silver or rhodium-plated silver

Water resistance: 30m

MOVEMENT

Calibre: 13BM09A1

Type: Hand-wound

Diameter: 13 ¾’’’

Frequency: 21,600 vph

Power reserve: 7 days

Functions: Hours, minutes, double coaxial seconds, reversed hand-fitting, (hours, minutes and seconds), power reserve indicator

DIALS

Green, blue, red or black guilloche

PATENTS

Convertible Amadéo® case

Double coaxial seconds

WARRANTY

5 years

PRICE

CHF. 50’000.- (red gold),

CHF. 53’000.- (white gold)

Bovet 1822 Amadeo Fleurier Miss Audrey & Monsieur Bovet adorned in green guilloché dials In 2020, the House of BOVET is showcasing green dials across its collections. The iconic Bovet Miss Audrey and Monsieur Bovet are two of the many designs adorned in this colour.

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