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healthcare-market · 3 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection Market Analysis and Outlook Report

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and in rare cases by viruses. The urinary tract comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs only involve the urethra and bladder in the lower tract. Urinary tract infection is a life-threatening disease due to transmission of the infection from kidney to blood which causes urosepsis, with symptoms such as dangerously low blood pressure, shock, and death. The type of antibiotics prescribed depends on what part of the tract is to be treated. However, developments in route of administration and different concentration of drugs enable prevention of the disease or infection to spread at the cellular and molecular level.

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High prevalence of diseases such as diabetes and kidney stone, increase in incidence of urinary tract infection among adults, surge in patient awareness, rise in research and development initiatives, advent of high-throughput screening (HTS) for drug discovery, and FDA approvals for drugs are the major factors driving the global urinary tract infection market. According to the Nature Reviews Microbiology (2016), urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people each year globally. Currently, the societal cost of these infections, including health care costs and time missed from work, is approximately US$ 3.5 Bn per year in the U.S. alone. The rate of infection burden can be reduced through early detection of urinary tract infection and management of patients who develop kidney stone. Increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases, rise in the geriatric population, surge in awareness about minimally invasive techniques, and FDA approval of drugs are projected to fuel the growth of the global urinary tract infection market. However, factors such as increasing incidence of cancer and cost of diagnosis are expected to hamper the growth of the global urinary tract infection market.

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The global urinary tract infection market can be segmented based on drug, route of administration, distribution channel, and region. In terms of drug, the urinary tract infection market can be classified into quinolones, penicillin & combinations, cephalosporin, azoles & amphotericin B, sulphonamides, aminoglycoside-antibodies, nitrofurans, and tetracycline. Based on route of administration, the global urinary tract infection market can be categorized into intravenous, oral, and others. Oral is a fast growing segment owing to increase in rate of infection of the upper tract UTI among patients. In terms of distribution channel, the urinary tract infection market can be classified into hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies.

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In terms of region, the global urinary tract infection market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America dominated the global market in 2017 due to increase in funding for the development of research and health care infrastructure. Increase in incidence of urinary tract infections and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases drive the medical biotechnology segment, which in turn is projected to boost the growth of the urinary tract infection market in North America. Europe is the second largest market for urinary tract infection treatment, due to favorable government policies toward development of health care infrastructure and pharmaceutical companies. The urinary tract infection market in Asia Pacific is expected to expand at a high CAGR during the forecast period due to rise in population with urinary tract infection, surge in awareness among patients, and increase in per capita expenditure. Additionally, economic growth in India and China supports the health care infrastructure as well as expansion of pharmaceutical companies and biotech labs.

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Major players operating in the global urinary tract infection market are Pfizer, Inc., AstraZeneca plc, Novartis AG., Johnson & Johnson, F. Hoffmann La-Roche Ltd., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, and Cipla Ltd., and Rempex Pharmaceuticals, among others.

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.

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market-research-future · 4 years ago

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UTI treatment Market Insights, Key Players, Investment Feasibility

UTI Treatment Market Information; by Drug Class (Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, β-lactam, Azoles and Others), by Clinical Indications (Urethritis, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis), by End User (Hospitals and Self-administered) - Forecast to 2023

UTI Treatment Market Overview

In addition to the growing incidences of urinary tract infections, factors impacting the market growth include the rise in hospital-borne infections or nosocomial infections, childbirth, old age, obesity, and the growing health awareness, especially towards women health. However, the rising cases of UTI associated with the usages of the catheter are considered as the largest risk factor supporting the market growth.

Market Research Future (MRFR) in its recently published study report asserts that the Market is forecasted to reach USD 9.89 Billion by 2023 with a CAGR of 3.6 % from 2017 to 2023. The Market for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a well- established space, flooding with the numerous treatment options ranging from Home remedies, Alternative medicines to Antibiotics. Due to the growing prevalence of UTI, the market for UTI Treatment is escalating exponentially.

On the flip side, factors such as incidents of drug resistance, and large unmet clinical needs are expected to obstruct the market growth. Nevertheless, increasing incidence of chronic diseases resulting in catheter use and low immunity etc. are expected to support the market growth. Leveraging to the modern age, people have adopted unhealthy lifestyles which mirrors the prevalence of damaged immune system and various disorders. Immense of stress, lack of quality sleep, inadequate & improper diet and sedentary lifestyle are fueling the immunodeficiency disorders. All these factors commutatively fuel the occurrences of UTI.

UTI Treatment Market Segments

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market Market is segmented into by Drug Class into Comprises - Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, β-lactam, and Azoles among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented into by Clinical Indications: Urethritis, Cystitis, and Pyelonephritis among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented by End-Users into Hospitals and Self-administered among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented by Regions into North America, Europe, APAC and the Rest-of-the-World.

The subsegment Quinolones accounts for almost 45% of market share whereas the subsegment Aminoglycosides segment holds the second-largest market share by drug class in the global UTI treatment market.

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UTI Treatment Market Regional Analysis

U.S. accounts for the largest market share of the global UTI Treatment Market followed by Europe. However, Europe has a greater hospitalization rate than the U.S. despite the U.S. having a large spending on healthcare. The regulatory changes in the U.S. such as implementation of Affordable Care Act and Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program coupled with Medicare initiative to penalize unnecessary patient readmissions is expected to take a toll on the U.S UTI treatment market. Asia pacific will be the fastest growing market and the growth will be led by China, and India as these nations have huge population and the low cost of UTI treatment drugs.

UTI Treatment Market Key players

Key players profiled in the Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market report are

Bayer AG

Novartis AG

Pfizer Inc.

Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

AstraZeneca

Cipla Inc.

Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.

Johnson & Johnson

GlaxoSmithKline

as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of serious community-acquired infections

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biomedicool · 8 years ago

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Antimicrobial Agents - Inhibition of DNA and Protein Synthesis

Bacterial chromosome replication

DNA replication

Bacterial Topoisomerases

maintain DNA in appropriate state of supercoiling

cut and reseal DNA

DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) introduces negative supercoils

Topoisomerase IV decatenates circular chromosomes

these are the targets of the quinolone antibacterial agents

Quinolones

bind to bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV after DNA strand breakage

prevent resealing of DNA

disrupt DNA replication and repair

bactericidal (kill bacteria)

Fluoroquinolone is particularly useful against

Gram +ves: Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci

Gram -ves: Enterobacteriacea; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Anaerobes: e.g. Bacteroides fragilis

many applications e.g. UTIs, prostatitis, gastroenteritis, STIs

Adverse effects

Relatively well tolerated

GI upset in ~ 5% of patients

allergic reactions (rash, photosensitivity) in 1 - 2% of patients

Inhibition of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Macrolides

in 1952: Erythromycin was isolated as the first macrolide (Streptomyces erythreus)

Newer macrolides: clarithromycin, azithromycin

Structurally they consist of a lactone ring (14- to 16-membered) + two attached deoxy sugars

Mode of action

bind reversibly to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit

causes growing peptide chain to dissociate from ribosome → inhibiting protein synthesis

bacteriostatic (stops reproduction)

Macrolides’ spectrum of activity

good antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal activity

treatment of respiratory & soft tissue infections and sensitive intracellular pathogens • e.g. Chlamydia, Legionella

Adverse effects

Generally well tolerated

nausea

vomiting

diarrhoea

rash

Aminoglycosides

large family of antibiotics produced by various species of Streptomyces ("mycin") and Micromonospora ("micin")

include: streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicins, tobramycin

Structure = linked ring system composed of aminosugars and an aminosubstituted cyclic polyalcohol

Mode of action of aminoglycosides

Bind irreversibly to 30S ribosomal subunit

disrupt elongation of nascent peptide chain

translational inaccuracy → defective proteins

bactericidal

Spectrum of activity

broad spectrum; mainly aerobic G-ve bacilli (e.g. P. aeruginosa)

used to treat serious nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infections)

First TB antibiotic

Used for cystic fibrosis

Adverse effects

all aminoglycosides have low Therapeutic Index (only a small amount needed to become toxic)

renal damage, ototoxicity, loss of balance, nausea

#biology #human biology #biomed #pharmacology #microbiology #antibiotics #antibacterials #notes #biomedicine #science #biochem #studyblr #medblr #dna #bacteria #protein #2

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fmireports2020 · 4 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Projected to Garner Significant Revenues by 2029 -end

Urinary Tract Infection Treatment: Antibiotics for the Management of Urinary Tract Infection

The Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market is anticipated to witness growth since antibiotics are the only treatment for the management of the same. Loss of patent rights by branded drugs and the emergence of branded generics and generic drugs are among factors that are likely to boost the urinary tract infection treatment market.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market: Global Industry Analysis 2014-2018 & Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

A recent market study published by FMI on the urinary tract infection treatment market during 2014-2018 & forecast for 2019-2029 offers a comprehensive assessment of the most important market dynamics. After conducting thorough research on the historic as well as current growth parameters of the urinary tract infection treatment market, the growth prospects of the market have been obtained with maximum precision.

UTI (URINARY TRACT INFECTION) TREATMENT MARKET TAXONOMY

The global urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented in detail to cover every aspect of the market and present a complete market intelligence approach to the reader.

By Drug Class

Penicillin & Combinations

Quinolones

Cephalosporin

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Sulphonamides (Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim)

Azoles and Amphotericin B

Tetracycline (Doxycycline)

Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin)

Others

By Indication

Complicated Urinary Tract Infection

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection

By Distribution Channel

Hospital Pharmacies

Gynecology and Urology Clinics

Drug Stores

Retail Pharmacies

Online Drug Stores

Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

South Asia

East Asia

Oceania

Middle East & Africa

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WHAT'S INCLUDEDChapter 01 – Executive Summary

The report commences with the executive summary of the urinary tract infection treatment market, which includes a summary of the key findings and key statistics of the market. It also includes the market value (US$ million) estimates of the leading segments of the urinary tract infection treatment market.

Chapter 02 – Market Overview

Readers can find the detailed taxonomy and the definition of the urinary tract infection treatment market in this chapter, which will help them understand the basic information about the urinary tract infection treatment market. This section also highlights the inclusions and exclusions, which help the reader understand the scope of the urinary tract infection treatment market report.

Chapter 03 – Key Market Trends

The report provides key market trends that are expected to impact the market growth significantly during the forecast period. Detailed industry trends are provided in this section, along with key market developments and product innovations.

Chapter 05 – Global Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Demand (in Value or Size in US$ Mn) Analysis 2014-2018 and Forecast, 2019-2029

This section explains the global market value analysis and forecast for the urinary tract infection treatment market between the forecast periods of 2014-2029. This chapter includes the detailed analysis of the historical urinary tract infection treatment market, along with an opportunity analysis of the future. Readers can also find the absolute opportunity for the current year (2019 – 2020), and an incremental opportunity for the forecast period (2019 – 2029).

Chapter 06– Market Background

This chapter explains the key macro-economic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market over the forecast period. Along with macro-economic factors, this section also highlights the opportunity analysis for the urinary tract infection treatment market. Moreover, this chapter highlights the key market dynamics of the urinary tract infection treatment market, which include the drivers, restraints, and trends. Readers will understand the key trends followed by the leading manufacturers in the urinary tract infection treatment market.

Chapter 07 – Global Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, By Drug Class

Based on drug class, the urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented into Penicillin & Combinations, Quinolones, Cephalosporin, Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Sulphonamides (Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim), Azoles and Amphotericin B, Tetracycline (Doxycycline), Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin), and others. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the urinary tract infection treatment market and market attractiveness analysis based on the drug class.

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Chapter 08 – Global Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast 2019 - 2029, By Indication

Based on indication, the urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented complicated urinary tract infection and uncomplicated urinary tract infection. In this chapter, readers can find information about the key trends and developments in the urinary tract infection treatment market and market attractiveness analysis based on the indication.

Chapter 09 – Global Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029, By Distribution Channel

This chapter provides details about the urinary tract infection treatment market on the basis of distribution channel, and has been classified into hospital pharmacies, gynecology and urology clinics, drug stores, retail pharmacies, and online drug stores. In this chapter, readers can understand the market attractive analysis based on distribution channel.

Chapter 10 – Global Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 – 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029, By Region

This chapter explains how the urinary tract infection treatment market will grow across various geographic regions, such as North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East & Africa (MEA).

Chapter 11 – North America Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 – 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America urinary tract infection treatment market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find the regional trends, regulations, and market growth based on the distribution channel and countries in North America.

Chapter 12 – Latin America Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

Readers can find detailed information about regional trends, which are impacting the growth of the Latin America urinary tract infection treatment market. This chapter also includes the growth prospects of the urinary tract infection treatment market in the leading LATAM countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and the Rest of Latin America.

Chapter 13 – Europe Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

Important growth prospects of the urinary tract infection treatment market based on its distribution channel in several countries, such as Germany, the UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, and the Rest of Europe, are included in this chapter.

Chapter 14 – South Asia Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

India, Indonesia, Thailand , Malaysia are the leading countries in the South Asia region, which are the prime subjects of assessment to obtain the growth prospects of the South Asia urinary tract infection treatment market in this chapter. Readers can find detailed information about the growth parameters of the South Asia urinary tract infection treatment market during the period 2019-2029.

Chapter 15 –East Asia Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

This chapter highlights the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market in the East Asia by focusing on China, Japan, and South Korea. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market in East Asia.

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Chapter 16 – Oceania Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

In this chapter, Australia and New Zealand are among the leading countries in the Oceania region, which are the prime subjects of assessment to obtain the growth prospects of the Oceania urinary tract infection treatment market.

Chapter 17 – MEA Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis 2014 - 2018 & Forecast, 2019 - 2029

This chapter provides information about how the urinary tract infection treatment market will grow in the major countries in the MEA region, such as GCC Countries, South Africa, Turkey, Northern Africa and the rest of MEA, during the forecast period 2019 - 2029.

Chapter 18 – Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provide a base to the information and statistics included in the urinary tract infection treatment report.

Chapter 19 – Research Methodology

This chapter helps readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain the various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the urinary tract infection treatment market.

#Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market

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marketinsightsstuff · 5 years ago

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UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) Treatment Market to reach US$ 9 Mn by 2029

The increasing prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and growth in the number of prescription of quinolones antibiotics is expected to fuel the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market. According to a new study published by Future Market Insights (FMI), the global urinary tract infection treatment market revenues will grow at a mere 2% CAGR between 2019 and 2029.

Launch of New Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections to Sustain Revenues

Increase in the number of research and development initiatives for the developing novel therapeutics has led to the launch of new drugs into the urinary tract infection treatment market. Manufacturers are currently focusing on expanding their pipeline portfolio for the treatment of bacterial infections. Moreover, regulatory bodies such as FDA have accelerated the approval process of drugs.

Recently, in August 2018, Melinta Therapeutics announced the launch of Vabomere (meropenem and vaborbactam) for patients who require treatment for complicated urinary tract infection. Similarly, one more drug has been approved by FDA in June 2018, Zemdri by Achaogen, Inc., for the treatment of adults suffering from Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI). Increase in the launch and approval of novel therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections is expected to contribute to the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market.

Quinolones, the broad spectrum antibiotics effective against a wide range of bacterial disease, have bactericidal activity that enables them to penetrate deep into the tissue. Their excellent bioavailability is a plus point. In addition, they have favourable tolerability and safety profile. Moreover, they have significant antimicrobial activity. Thus, quinolones are most preferred for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Some of the widely used quinolones for the prevention of bacterial infection include ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ofloxacin (Floxin), norfloxacin (Noroxin), and others. Quinolones are mostly favored over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections owing to the increasing resistance of bacteria towards antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, beta lactam antibiotics, and others.

Europe Remains Major Revenue Contributor

Europe holds a considerable revenue share in the UTI treatment market. The rising prevalence of urinary tract infection among the population and increasing hospital visits are among factors that are likely to propel the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market. It is estimated that the urinary tract infection treatment market will create an incremental $ opportunity worth nearly US$ 9 Mn between 2019 and 2029. Quinolones is anticipated to boost the growth of the urinary tract infection treatment market owing to the increasing prescription and high effectivity as antimicrobial antibiotics.

Demand from Retail Pharmacies to Register High Growth

The global urinary tract infection treatment market has been segmented on the basis of drug class, indication, and distribution channel. On the basis of drug class, the urinary tract infection treatment market has been segmented into Penicillin & Combinations, Quinolones, Cephalosporin, Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Sulphonamides (Sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim), Azoles and Amphotericin B, Tetracycline (Doxycycline), Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin), and others. In terms of revenue, the quinolones segment is expected to hold a major share of the urinary tract infection treatment market during the forecast period since it is widely prescribed and has proven to be safe and effective for antimicrobial use.

Based on indication, the urinary tract infection treatment market has been segmented into complicated urinary tract infection and uncomplicated urinary tract infection. On the basis of distribution channel, the urinary tract infection treatment market has been categorised into hospital pharmacies, gynaecology & urology clinics, drug stores, retail pharmacies, and online drug stores. The retail pharmacies segment is expected to exhibit high revenue growth in the urinary tract infection treatment market owing to the easy availability of antibiotics.

Key Companies in Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market

The report studies some of the key companies operating in the urinary tract infection treatment market, such as Bayer AG, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pfizer, Allergan Plc, Almirall SA, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Merck & Co., Inc. For more insights on the competitive landscape and other facets shaping the growth of UTI treatment market.

Press Release Source: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/urinary-tract-infection-treatment-market-in-a-slump-revenues-poised-for-2-cagr-over-2019-2029--future-market-insights-300876019.html

More from FMI’s Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Medical devices Market Intelligence:

· Memory Enhancing Drugs Market

· Home Sleep Screening Devices Market

· Fluorescence Spectroscopy Market

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About Future Market Insights (FMI)

Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in London, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI’s largest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and take critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition.

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sapanas · 5 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection Market 2020: Global Analysis, Business Strategy, Development Status

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Market Analysis

Global urinary tract infection market is poised to surpass USD 9.89 billion at a significant 3.6% CAGR over the estimated years (2017-2023). UTI or urinary tract infection is an infection occurring in the upper or lower urinary tract including the urethra and the bladder. UTIs are of two types - urethritis and cystitis. The former is an infection that is takes place in the urethra while the latter is an infection that takes place in the bladder. Getting this infection is easy. Bacteria that lives in the genital, vagina and anal areas can enter the urethra and travel the bladder thereby causing infection. The common symptoms related to UTI include burning and painful sensation while urinating and frequent, strong urge to urinate. The primary causes of urinary tract infection include obesity, diabetes, bowel incontinence, poor personal hygiene, sexual intercourse, enlarged prostate gland and blockage in the urinary tract mainly kidney stone.

There are abundant factors that is propelling the growth of the urinary tract infection market. These factors as per the MRFR (Market Research Future) report include increase in hospital-borne infections, rising geriatric population, emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, rising health awareness amid women, increase in diagnosis, prevalence rate of diseases mainly kidney stone and diabetes, increasing incidences of UTI, changing lifestyle pattern, favorable reimbursement policies and higher treatment compliance. On the contrary, increasing market fragmentation, loss of patents, unmet clinical needs, growing drug resistance, lack of awareness amid people, strict government regulations, adverse effects of medications, poor patient compliance and generic erosion are factors that may restrict urinary tract infection market growth.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Market Segmentation

MRFR report offers a broad segmental analysis of the urinary tract infection market on the basis of drug class, clinical indications and end users.

Based on drug class, it is segmented into azoles, β-lactam, aminoglycosides, quinolones and others.

Based on clinical indications, the urinary tract infection market is segmented into pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis and others.

Based on end users, it is segmented into self-administered, hospitals and others.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Market Regional Analysis

By region, the urinary tract infection market covers growth opportunities and latest trends across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. Of these, North America will stay at the forefront in the urinary tract infection market over the estimated years owing to increasing prevalence of diseases especially diabetes, high diagnostic rate and increasing healthcare awareness. US is the key contributor here. The current regulatory shift in the United States including Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program coupled with Affordable Care Act and also Medicare initiatives for penalizing unnecessary patient readmissions is likely to drive the UTI market in the US. The urinary tract infection market in Europe will have the second major share over the estimated years due to increasing research and development and higher hospitalization rate. In the APAC region, the urinary tract infection market is predicted to grow at the fastest pace with India and China being the key contributors. Factors that are resulting in the growth of the market in this region include increased disposable income, growing healthcare infrastructures, gradual use of improved technologies, increasing rate of diagnostics, growing personal care & hygiene and growing awareness. Besides, rising geriatric population is also a factor that is anticipated to increase the demand for UTI therapeutics with the population being at the risk of developing the infection.

Browse Complete Report with TOC at https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/urinary-tract-infection-market-6138

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Market Key Players

Leading players profiled in the urinary tract infection market include Johnson & Johnson, Cipla Inc., AstraZeneca, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pfizer Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline Novartis AG, Bayer AG and others.

April 2019- Professor Douglas Kell along with his colleagues have come up with a new technology which can help to identify the most powerful antibiotic for killing organisms in UTI. This new technology will play a pivotal part in fighting anti-microbial resistance. It uses flow cytometry that can detect and count individual bacteria present in the urine sample as well as decide which antibiotic will be the most efficient to kill those bacteria. The patient will then be prescribed with an antibiotic that is the most effective.

#Urinary Tract Infection Market

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coolluminaryland-blog1 · 5 years ago

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Hospital Acquired Bacterial Infections (HABI) Market to Garner Brimming Revenues by 2020

Hospital acquired bacterial infections (HABI) or nosocomial infections are type of infections commonly caused by bacterial pathogens and are acquired in healthcare facilities or hospitals. These pathogens should be examined in all patients who have developed some kind of clinical deterioration unexplained during the initial diagnosis. Currently, HABI market is a lucrative market venture due to increasing incidence rate of hospital acquired infections, which makes this industry a highly profitable and attractive market.

Read Report Overview: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/hospital-acquired-bacterial-infections.html

Some of the type of techniques and methods usually opted for performing various test for the diagnosis of hospital acquired bacterial infections are as follows:

DNA Sequencing

Colorimetric Methods

Microarrays

RT-PCR

Solid-phase Hybridization Techniques

Phage-based Assays

The Nitrate Reductase Assay

Phenotypic Methods

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The following are the types of hospital acquired bacterial infections:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Pneumonia

Blood Stream Infections (BSI)

Surgical Site Infections

Some of the anti bacterial drug classes generally used for the treatment of HABI are as follows:

Aminoglycosides

B-Lactam Antibiotics

Lincosamides

Glycopeptides

Carbapenems

Macrolides

Lipopeptides

Polypeptides

Quinolones

Penicillins

Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines

View TOC with Figures and Tables: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=T&rep_id=2910

In the geographical analysis, North America is the leading market for hospital acquired bacterial infections treatment and testing market. Due to stringent hospital regulatory policies and increased government initiatives to prevent and control various hospital-acquired infections, this region is able to maintain its dominant position across the world. Europe closely follows North America is terms of growth, due to increasing incidence of hospital-acquired infections. According to the Health Protection Agency (HPA) approximately of patients in hospitals in England acquire some form of bacterial infection during their hospital stay. However, other regions such as South East Asia, Middle East and Latin America are expected to be the promising markets in the near future. Owing to the rising disposable income among population, increasing incidence of bacterial infections and developing healthcare infrastructure, these regions are expected to be the potential market in the near future.Some of the major factors propelling the growth of Hospital Acquired Bacterial Infections (HABI) market are increasing incidence rate of hospital acquired bacterial infections and introduction of novel therapeutics that are safe and highly effective. Moreover, development of personalized medicines designed specifically according to the genetic composition of an individual is also expected to drive this market to a certain extent. It is also expected that introduction of innovative infection control devices and products, that are cost-effective would help in the market size expansion of the overall HABI market. However, patent expiries of antibacterial drugs such as Invanz, Levaquin, Zyvox and Tobi are expected to erode the hospital acquired bacterial infections market.Additionally, market-restraining factors that could hamper the growth of the market are increased hygiene surveillance in hospitals and healthcare facilities along with resistance developed against antibacterials, which makes existing antibacterial drugs archaic in some circumstances. However, concerns focusing on product safety and effectiveness along with availability of these products are some of the factors that considerably affect the sales and growth of the hospital acquired bacterial infections market.Currently, the hospital acquired bacterial infections market is a highly fragmented market due to the involvement of many established and emerging players. Some of the key players involved in the Hospital Acquired Bacterial Infections (HABI) market are Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca plc, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Cepheid, Inc., Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Pfizer, Inc. and Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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medicaldevicetech · 6 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Drugs Market Information, by Drug Class, by Clinical Indications and End User - Forecast to 2022

Market Highlights

UTI drugs are used for the treatment of urinary tract infection caused by bacterial or fungal infections. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 50 % of women have UTI at some point in their lives resulting in more than $1 million hospitalizations per year. WHO estimates the cost of UTI infections to be annually greater than $1 billion. It has further been stated that chances of boys being diagnosed with UTI is 1% while chances of girls being diagnosed with UTI is 3 to 8%.

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The Middle East and Africa UTI drugs market is growing due to factors such as catheter associated UTI, hospital borne infections (nosocomial infections), child birth, old age, obesity, growing health awareness especially about women health etc. On the other hand market constraints includes excellent efficacy of present antibiotics specially quinolones, growing drug resistance, unmet clinical needs, increasing incidence of chronic diseases etc. However, the rise of drug resistance has created the need for novel acting antibiotic. The future of UTI treatment seems to be development of biologics with greater market development especially with respect to poorly growing African market. The loss of patents, weakening developed pipelines and poor expenditure on health in African region had further constrained the market growth.

The Middle East and Africa UTI drugs market has been segmented into drug class which includes quinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactam, azoles and others. Among all these drug classes quinolones have the largest market value due to their broad variety and excellent efficacy. The share of aminoglycosides have been reduced by a small margin as this drug is resistance. Thus the current trend in UTI treatment is combined drug regimen. The market threat includes a form of substandard, counterfeit and spurious drugs have emerged. However it has to be noted that a huge unmet need exists for these drugs in the Middle East and African region.

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Key Players:

Major participants of this market are: Bayer AG, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, AstraZeneca, Cipla Inc., Dr. Reddy��s Laboratories Ltd. and others.

Middle East and Africa UTI Drugs market:

The Middle East and Africa UTI drugs market has been evaluated to be growing market and is expected that the market will grow moderately in the future. The Middle East and Africa UTI drugs market is expected to grow with the CAGR of 4.35% during the forecast period. The growth will primary be led by unmet medical needs and rising incomes of the population.

Regional Analysis:

Depending on geographic region, UTI drugs market is segmented into following countries: UAE, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman; UAE is the largest market followed by Egypt. However the future market will be led by poorly developed parts of Africa due to large unmet needs.

Market Segmentation:

Middle East and African UTI drugs market has been segmented on the basis of drug class which comprises of quinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactam, azoles and others. On the basis of clinical Indications the market is segmented into urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. On the basis of end users, market is segmented into hospitals and self-administered.

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In order to stay updated with technology and work process of the industry, MRFR often plans & conducts meet with the industry experts and industrial visits for its research analyst members.

Contact: Market Research Future Office No. 528, Amanora Chambers Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar, Pune – 411028 Maharashtra, India +1 646 845 9312 Email: [email protected]

#Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Drugs Market #UTI drugs Market #UTI drugs Market size #Urinary Tract Infection Drug market

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isiawgr-blog · 6 years ago

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UTI Treatment Market Value Chain, Factor Analysis, Region and Forecasts Till 2023

Global UTI Treatment Market - Overview

The Market for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a well- established space, flooding with the numerous treatment options ranging from Home remedies, Alternative medicines to Antibiotics. Due to the growing prevalence of UTI, the market for UTI Treatment is escalating exponentially.

Leveraging to the modern age, people have adopted unhealthy lifestyles which mirrors the prevalence of damaged immune system and various disorders. Immense of stress, lack of quality sleep, inadequate & improper diet and sedentary lifestyle are fueling the immunodeficiency disorders. All these factors commutatively fuel the occurrences of UTI.

Acknowledging the exponential growth, the market is observing currently; Market Research Future (MRFR) in its recently published study report asserts that the UTI Treatment market is forecasted to reach USD 9.89 Bn. by 2023 with a CAGR of 3.6 % from 2017 to 2023.

Browse Complete 80 Pages Premium Research Report Enabled with Tables and Figures @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/uti-treatment-market-3146

Global UTI Treatment Market - Competitive Analysis

The UTI treatment market has turned into a critical factor in the Global Urology industry. Through extensive research it is found out that the market players have adopted the strategy of acquisitions in the market. The key players involved in this strategy are Boston Scientific Corporation, Ethicon US, LLC, Coloplast Corp, C.R. Bard Inc. Acquisitions was the most widely adopted strategy which was adopted by the key market players. The number of key market player involved in partnerships was comparatively low, the market players which were involved in product approvals are Boston Scientific Corporation and Cook Medical Inc. and others in the global urinary UTI treatment market.

Key players

Key players profiled in the report are Bayer AG, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, AstraZeneca, Cipla Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Johnson & Johnson GlaxoSmithKline and others.

Industry/Innovations/Related News:

August 8, 2018 - Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (US) announced the approval from the Antimicrobials Drug Advisory Committee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its Omadacycline for the treatment of severe bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI), community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) and urinary tract infections (UTI).

Administered through both, intravenous (IV) and oral formulations, the new medicine omadacycline is a modernized tetracycline being developed as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of serious community-acquired infections.

Global UTI Treatment Market - Segments

The MRFR analysis is segmented into four key dynamics for the convenience of understanding;

By Drug Class : Comprises - Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, β-lactam, and Azoles among others.

By Clinical Indications: Urethritis, Cystitis, and Pyelonephritis among others.

By End-Users: Hospitals and Self-administered among others.

By Regions: North America, Europe, APAC and the Rest-of-the-World.

Global UTI Treatment Market - Regional Analysis

U.S. accounts for the largest market share of the global UTI treatment market followed by Europe. However Europe has a greater hospitalization rate than the U.S. despite the U.S. having a large spending on healthcare. The regulatory changes in the U.S. such as implementation of Affordable Care Act and Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program coupled with Medicare initiative to penalize unnecessary patient readmissions is expected to take a toll on the U.S UTI treatment market. Asia pacific will be the fastest growing market and the growth will be led by China, and India as these nations have huge population and the low cost of UTI treatment drugs.

For More Information Visit @ http://heraldkeeper.com/market/global-urinary-tract-infection-utitreatment-market-accrue-usd-9-89-billion-2023-231862.html

About Market Research Future:

In order to stay updated with technology and work process of the industry, MRFR often plans & conducts meet with the industry experts and industrial visits for its research analyst members.

Contact: Market Research Future Office No. 528, Amanora Chambers Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar, Pune – 411028 Maharashtra, India +1 646 845 9312 Email: [email protected]

#UTI Treatment Market

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market-research-future · 4 years ago

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UTI treatment Market Opportunities, Trends and Future Outlook

UTI Treatment Market Segments

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market Market is segmented into by Drug Class into Comprises - Quinolones, Aminoglycosides, β-lactam, and Azoles among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented into by Clinical Indications: Urethritis, Cystitis, and Pyelonephritis among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented by End-Users into Hospitals and Self-administered among others.

UTI Treatment Market is segmented by Regions into North America, Europe, APAC and the Rest-of-the-World.

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UTI Treatment Market Regional Analysis

UTI Treatment Market Key players

Key players profiled in the Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment Market report are

Bayer AG

Novartis AG

Pfizer Inc.

Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

AstraZeneca

Cipla Inc.

Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.

Johnson & Johnson

GlaxoSmithKline

as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of serious community-acquired infections

UTI Treatment Market Overview

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coherentuniverse-blog · 6 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Set to Expand Saliently at a Robust CAGR during the Forecast Period 2018-2026

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is caused when bacteria enters the urethra and infects the urinary bladder, causing severe health issues. UTI infections are common health problems in females than in males with biologic factors accounting as the major cause. Antibiotics are usually the first line of treatment prescribed by doctors for urinary tract infections. According to the site of manifestation by the microbe, infections are classified as cystitis (bladder), urethritis (urethra), prostatitis (prostate) or pyelonephritis (kidney). Painful and increased frequency of urination, excessive and involuntary passing of urine at night are the common symptoms associated with UTI. Hospitalized patients using urinary catheters are at a higher risk for developing UTI.

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Market Taxonomy:

The global urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented on the basis of drug type, indications, distribution channel, and geography.

On the basis of drug type, the global urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented into:

Nitrofurans

Sulphonamides

Quinolones

Azoles and Amphotericin B

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Tetracycline

Others

On the basis of indication, the global urinary tract infection treatment market is segmented into:

Complicated UTI

Uncomplicated UTI

Recurring Complicated UTI

On the basis of distribution channel, the global urinary tract infection market is segmented into:

Hospital Pharmacies

e-Pharmacies

Retail Pharmacies

Market Key Players:-

Cipla Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, Bayer AG, Pfizer Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Novartis AG AstraZeneca Plc, and Roche Ltd.

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#Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Share Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Growth Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market A

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crystalmarketresearch · 6 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Present Scenario and the Growth Prospects 2025

Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Showing Signs of Renewed Vigor in Healthcare Treatment World by 2025

A Research Study Titled, “Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market By Drug Type (Tetracycline, Azoles and Amphotericin B, Nitrofurans, Quinolones, Aminoglycoside antibiotics, Sulphonamides and Other Drug Types), Indication (Recurring Complicated UTI, Uncomplicated UTI and Complicated…

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#Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Analysis #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market forecast #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Growth #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Industry #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Report #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Share #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Size #Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Market Trends

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modifysimplelife · 7 years ago

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This report is not a substitute for medical advice and treatment. Never diagnose or treat yourself or a family member. See your doctor. Use your voice. Ask questions and share prescription concerns, if any, with your physician.

The purpose of this blog post is to reveal the reality of antibiotic overuse and misuse. This writing is to also encourage communication with your doctor when antibiotics are prescribed to you or the family member you advocate/share in health care responsibility.

Recently someone dear to me, “Barbara” was tested for a UTI. Barbara did not have UTI symptoms. Her bladder, however, appeared to be on a nighttime schedule with the inability to urinate during the day. The initial urinalysis revealed bacteria in the urine and her doctor insisted she be put on antibiotics ASAP, that day.

On the surface, following through with the physician’s request may appear as the only and best option for the patient. However, digging dipper, this was not the case. Barbara recently had C-DIFF (C. difficile/C-DIFF is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, Mayo Clinic…Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea) following surgery, which extended her stay at a skilled nursing facility by 3 weeks. She experienced horrific symptoms of both, C-DIFF and the necessary antibiotic treatment. There is a HIGH probability of C-DIFF reoccurring when a patient is prescribed antibiotics, in this case treating a possible UTI. Question to the doctor…“Knowing Barbara had C-DIFF a few months ago, can we wait for the full culture results before considering antibiotics??” It is not uncommon for some bacteria to appear in urine, especially in the population 75 years old+. The doctor agreed, stating, “I think that it’s reasonable to wait until the cultures come back, but it looks like a real infection based on the cell counts.” Three days later the culture results indicate…NO UTI. The doctor emailed…“The final urine cultures are back and surprisingly did not grow out any specific bacteria. So I would not give her the antibiotics. I would continue to monitor her symptoms. I would only recheck her urine if she is having symptoms.” If Barbara had a reoccurrence of C-DIFF, a high risk “serious symptom infection” possibly triggered by taking the prescribed antibiotic, she would have had to leave the comfort and familiarity of assisted living (very contagious). The C-DIFF treatment administered would have required admittance to either a hospital or skilled nursing facility, in contact isolation. Life would not have been pleasant for Barbara or her family, the aftermath of being treated for a UTI she didn’t have.

A key lesson from Barbara’s experience, communicate with your doctor. Express concerns by using your voice and take ownership to know options in order to make wise decisions for you and your family. The following shares antibiotic facts, its impact on the elderly and what you can do nutritionally to be “gut healthy” reducing side effects from antibiotics as well as some non-antibiotic drugs, to help prevent superbugs and antibiotic resistance (CDC: About Antimicrobial Resistance).

Full Culture Results

Whenever possible and with physician agreement, request a full culture before taking prescribed antibiotics.

Antibiotics –How They Work, Classifications, When Administered

Antibiotics are pharmaceutical prescribed medications administered to heal or slow down the growth of bacteria resulting in infections. Click this link for a complete antibiotic guide and their use…Antibiotics Guide, Medically reviewed on Aug 23, 2016 by L. Anderson, PharmD.

Antibiotics are known by these classes: Penicillins, Tetracyclines, Cephalosporins, Quinolones, Lincomycins, Masrolides, Sulfonamides, Glycopeptides, Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems.

Antibiotics are used to treat these top 10 common infections: Acne, bronchitis, Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye), Otitis Media (Ear Infection), Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s), Skin or Soft Tissue Infections, Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat), Traveler’s Diarrhea, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).

Additional details and supporting information can also be found at… Antibiotics: All You Need to Know by Medical News Today, By Christian Nordqvist, Jan. 2017. Article highlights…

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first natural antibiotic, in 1928.

Antibiotics cannot fight viral infections.

Fleming predicted the rise of antibiotic resistance we see today.

If antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly, there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant

Antibiotics either kill bacteria or slow its growth.

Side effects can include diarrhea and feeling sick.

In some cases, antibiotics may be given to prevent rather than treat an infection, as might be the case before surgery. This is called ‘prophylactic’ use of antibiotics. They are commonly used before bowel and orthopedic surgery.

Before bacteria can multiply and cause symptoms, the body’s immune system can usually kill them. Our white blood cells attack harmful bacteria and, even if symptoms do occur, our immune system can usually cope and fight off the infection.

Antibiotic Side effects and FDA Warnings

What are common antibiotic side effects?

Common side effects of antibiotics include rash, soft stools, diarrhea, upset stomach, fungal (yeast) infections (like thrush). Contact your doctor immediately if you are experiencing; severe allergic reaction that includes difficulty breathing, facial swelling (lips, tongue, throat, face), severe watery or bloody diarrhea or stomach cramps, vaginal yeast infection with white discharge and severe itching, mouth sores or white patches in mouth or on tongue. Common Side Effects from Antibiotics, and Allergies and Reactions Medically reviewed on Mar 5, 2017 by L. Anderson, PharmD.

Your intestines contain about 100 trillion bacterial cells and up to 2,000 different kinds of bacteria, many of which help protect your body from infection. When you take an antibiotic to treat an infection, these drugs tend to destroy some of the normal, helpful bacteria in addition to the bacteria causing the infection. Without enough healthy bacteria to keep it in check, C. difficile can quickly grow out of control. The antibiotics that most often lead to C. difficile infections include fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, penicillins and clindamycin. C. Difficile Infection by Mayo Clinic

Which Antibiotics Are Most Associated with Causing Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea? On the basis of the available data, clindamycin should absolutely be avoided among patients who are at risk for C difficile infection, particularly in elderly patients and those with frequent antibiotic exposure or hospitalizations. Given the available data, it’s clear that clindamycin is a well-deserving candidate of its boxed warning specifically for C difficile risk. Box Warning can be read by clicking this LINK.

Clindamycin is prescribed most often to treat medical conditions as listed in …What Conditions Does Clindamycin Hcl treat? Other options that have a reduced risk of triggering C-difficile?

For community-acquired pneumonia, it has been suggested that a tetracycline may be substituted in place of azithromycin (or another macrolide) among elderly patients at higher risk for C difficile infection. In fact, data suggests that tetracyclines may NOT increase risk of C difficile infection at all, with a non-significant odd ratio of 0.9 versus no antibiotic exposure. In patients hospitalized with severe infections who require anti-Pseudomonal coverage, the available data suggests that penicillins (such as piperacillin/tazobactam) may have a lower risk of C difficile infection versus cephalosporins (such as cefepime) or carbapenems (such as meropenem). While this risk is certainly relevant to the selection of antimicrobials, local resistance patterns should also be considered when selecting an agent. Knowledge of high-risk and lower-risk antibiotics for C difficile infection is important, particularly in patients who are already at a higher risk for C difficile infection, such as elderly patients. Avoidance of these high-risk antibiotics when other first-line alternatives exist in certain patient populations should be an antimicrobial stewardship intervention for pharmacists to reduce the risk of C difficile infection both in the inpatient and outpatient settings.

Antibiotic Warnings

Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics that kill or stop the growth of bacteria. While these drugs are effective in treating serious bacterial infections, an FDA safety review found that both oral and injectable fluroquinolones are associated with disabling side effects involving tendons, muscles, joints, nerves and the central nervous system. These side effects can occur hours to weeks after exposure to fluoroquinolones and may potentially be permanent.

Types of Fluoroquinolones that are FDA approved but which fall into this warning include levofloxacin (Levaquin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets, moxifloxacin (Avelox), ofloxacin and gemifloxacin (Factive). FDA updates warnings for fluoroquinolone antibiotics

Non-Antibiotic Drugs and Similar Antibiotic Side Effects

Antibiotics are known to trigger digestive issues and diarrhea, eliminating both the good and bad bacteria in our guts. There are also prescription non-antibiotic drugs that share similar harsh gut symptoms (as antibiotics) such as anti-diabetics (metformin), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs). Use the hyperlinks to see the listing of medications that fall within each category.

Non-antibiotics with antibiotic effects – Some non-antibiotic drugs have been associated with changes in gut microbiome composition, but the extent of this phenomenon is unknown. Athanasios Typas and colleagues screened more than 1,000 marketed drugs and observed that a quarter of them inhibited the growth of at least one bacterial strain in vitro. Scrutiny of previous human cohort studies showed that human-targeted drugs with anticommensal activity have antibiotic-like side effects in humans. The new data provide a resource for future drug-therapy research. Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria, Published: 19 March 2018

The Elderly and Antibiotics

UTIs are known to be common among the elderly and often the symptoms are not as visible making it difficult to know when a UTI exists. However, there appears to be a growing problem with over prescribed use of antibiotics especially for UTIs.

Consensus guidelines have been published to assist clinicians with diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection; however, a single evidence-based approach to diagnosis of urinary tract infection does not exist. In the absence of a gold standard definition of urinary tract infection that clinicians agree upon, overtreatment with antibiotics for suspected urinary tract infection remains a significant problem, and leads to a variety of negative consequences including the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. Urinary tract infection in older adults, NCBI

The elderly are prone to UTIs and other infections but are they being treated more often than not when an infection is actually not present? Antibiotics do not treat frequent urination nor does this infer a UTI. Antibiotics can cause serious symptoms in elderly, weakening those that are already frail; fever, rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, tendon ruptures, and nerve damage. Information above about clindamycin specifically refers to the elderly, along with alternative options for infection treatment.

Elderly have an increased risk to antibiotic resistant bacteria, superbugs.

Antibiotics may help “drug-resistant” bacteria grow, causing illnesses that are harder to cure and more costly to treat. Your doctor may have to try several antibiotics for treatment. This increases the risk of complications. The resistant bacteria can also be highly contagious/passed on to caregivers, family members and others. Antibiotics for urinary tract infections in older people When you need them—and when you don’t

A study conducted by The Ottawa Hospital Regional Geriatric Program of Eastern Ontario Geriatric Refresher Day, Rosemary Zvor, Antimicrobial Pharmacy Specialist, (Research on Elder infections with charts zvonar_use_of_antibiotics) found an increase exposure within the healthcare system, antimicrobials, along with decreased immune system and functional status resulting in poor hygiene, as well as the increase use of invasive devices and close contact with other residents and medical staff that could be carriers.

Some antibiotics carry specific risks to the elderly. The article Adverse effects of Antibiotics in the Geriatric Patient Population lists precautions to consider, which you might share the elderly patient’s physician, of whom you advocate.

“Elderly patients have several unique issues related to antibiotic therapy. In addition to age-associated physiological changes and drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions are also a noteworthy concern specific to this population.

Aminoglycosides-renal and auditory toxicity

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole-induced hyperkalemia and blood dyscrasias

Fluoroquinolone-related seizures and QT prolongation

Doxycycline-related esophageal ulcerations & strictures

Acute liver injury secondary to prolonged amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy”

Antibiotics – Impact On Brain Function

This article, Link Between Antibiotics and Delirium Strengthened by Tim Newman, February 18, 2016, Medical News Today, explores an interesting discovery that “antibiotics are known to cause neurological issues in some cases, but the interaction has not attracted much study in the past.” Among the neurologic issues is delirium, which can include hallucinations, agitation and confusion, especially among the elderly. Since infection and antibiotics both can trigger delirium, more work and research is needed to measure and understand this relationship but something to discuss with physicians. Delirium can increase the risk of death in critical care cases.

“The antibiotics react not only against the bacteria but also have ‘off-target’ effects by interfering with normal signaling within the brain. Different antibiotics affect the brain differently, hence causing varying patterns of toxicity.”

“Dr. Shamik Bhattacharyya, of Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, MA, conducted a retrospective review using historical patient data. He found that links between antibiotics and delirium might be stronger than previously thought.”

Cranberry Supplements – Heal Or Prevent UTIs?

The Mayo clinic gives good advice about cranberry and UTI prevention in the article… Urinary Tract Infection (UTI),

“Many people drink cranberry juice to prevent UTIs. There’s some indication that cranberry products, in either juice or tablet form, may have infection-fighting properties. Researchers continue to study the ability of cranberry juice to prevent UTIs, but results are not conclusive. If you enjoy drinking cranberry juice and feel it helps you prevent UTIs, there’s little harm in it, but watch the calories. For most people, drinking cranberry juice is safe, but some people report an upset stomach or diarrhea. However, don’t drink cranberry juice if you’re taking blood-thinning medication, such as warfarin.”

Good Gut Health! Building a good gut…prebiotics and probiotic rich foods.

Be proactive and select foods that are high in probiotics and prebiotics for good gut health. The more good bacteria in your gut the less chance of bad bacteria that can cause irritating digestive system issues or trigger uncomfortable symptoms often experienced with autoimmune disorders such as Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Can you take a probiotic supplement? Yes. Supplements, however, are not FDA regulated and you can’t be certain that what is listed on the label is actually in the capsule. I choose to follow wise advice given many years ago when I attend a Celiac Disease conference led by Dr. Peter Green. He shared that the body better absorbs whole foods rich in vitamins, minerals and in this case probiotics and prebiotics rather than taking capsules. If you eat right and skip processed foods, you won’t need to spend the extra dollars on supplements. As we get older and appetites wane, supplements may be needed and this is a conversation reserved to take place with your doctor or a clinical certified nutritionist. Also, probiotic dietary supplements may not be safe, as noted in What are Probiotics?, which may pose risks if you…

Get infections often

Have a weakened immune system

Are allergic or sensitive to the sources of the probiotics (dairy, for example)

What are prebiotics?

Prebiotics, simply put, are food for probiotics. “They’re necessary in order for the good flora to flourish,” says Kristi King, R.D., a spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 6 Foods That Are Good for Gut Health

Prebiotics encourage the growth of good and healthy bacteria in your gut. Prebiotic foods include fruits and vegetables that are loaded with complex carbohydrates, fiber and resistant starch that pass through the digestive system, which feed good bacteria and other micorbes. Prebiotic foods include: legumes such as chickpeas, lentils, navy beans; raspberries and blackberries; barley, bran and bulgar (being gluten free I search for whole grain gluten-free breads). 6 Foods That Are Good for Gut Health, Consumer Reports

The lining of your gut, like every surface of your body, is covered in microscopic creatures, mostly bacteria. These organisms create a micro-ecosystem called the microbiome. And though we don’t really notice it’s there, it plays an oversized role in your health and can even affect your mood and behavior. Prebiotics, probiotics and your health

Vegetables offer the best impact for your gut when uncooked to preserve fiber. Cooking transforms the fiber, lowering fiber content. Prebiotic Food List

What are probiotics?

Probiotics are live culture bacteria which are found in foods or supplements that promote microorganisms for our guts known to benefit our health, body and brain. Probiotics could also benefit immune function and suggested as an aid for digestive issues, reducing the risk of diarrhea with antibiotic use, lessens risk of C-DIFF infection, and aids in food poisoning and stomach virus. Yogurt, such as non-flavored Greek yogurt, is a great source of probiotics and contains on average per serving 100 million probiotics. Simple… eat a serving of yogurt per day! Some yogurts are marked specifically to contain probiotics, such as Activa. Watch sugar levels in fruit flavored yogurts. Other fermented food products known to contain probiotics; kefer, sauerkraut, tempeh, kimchi, miso, kombucha, pickles, traditional buttermilk, nato and certain cheeses. Click Probiotic Food List for information on probiotic rich foods. Some fermented foods do have gluten, so for GF readers…read the labels.

NOTE: Kombucha bottles are not always well labeled to instruct recommended use, at least on the bottle I purchased. Internet checking I’ve seen serving recommendations at 4 oz and not to be consumed daily. The health benefits claimed have not been proven. Many brands contain alcohol and caffeine since it is fermented tea, therefore not for CHILDREN. There have been resulting health issues reported, such as liver damage, and the recommendation is to purchase from reputable sources and pass on homemade Kombucha. Not all Kombucha is created equal so if specifically looking for the benefits of probiotic and live cultures, look for labels with these ingredients noted. Some Kombucha can be high in sugar or use alternative sweeteners such as stevia. Check the label and choose those low in natural sugar. This video by Dr. Oz that aired Feb 2018 is a great resource about Kombucha in a comparison study to other food products rich in probiotics, titled, The Hype Behind Probiotics and Gut Foods. Another good resource…What is kombucha tea? Does it have any health benefits? Mayo Clinic, Answers from Brent A. Bauer, M.D.

Conclusion

Antibiotics rank as one of the greatest discoveries of our time, healing bacterial infections and saving lives. Fast forward 90 years and we are the generation experiencing repercussions of antibiotic overuse and misuse, especially within the elder populous leading to severe side effects, life threatening antibiotic resistant bacteria and superbugs. Failing to complete prescribed antibiotics and its dose recommendation, taking the wrong antibiotics for the wrong infection, borrowing another’s medication when feeling ill, or being prescribed antibiotics when an infection doesn’t exist, can lead to unwelcomed side affects and serious health issues. What can you do? Prepare now and be gut healthy choosing foods naturally rich in prebiotics and probiotics. Communicate prescription concerns with your healthcare provider and explore alternative options when possible. Use your voice and be an advocate for elderly family members. Antibiotic drugs can still be effective and the preferred drug to treat bacterial infections. The responsibility lies with you to know the facts, use your voice, and be proactive by feeding your gut well!

Resources

C. difficile/C-DIFF is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, Mayo Clinic…Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

CDC: About Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics Guide, Medically reviewed on Aug 23, 2016 by L. Anderson, PharmD.

Antibiotics: All You Need to Know by Medical News Today, By Christian Nordqvist, Jan. 2017.

Common Side Effects from Antibiotics, and Allergies and Reactions Medically reviewed on Mar 5, 2017 by L. Anderson, PharmD.

C. Difficile Infection by Mayo Clinic

Which Antibiotics Are Most Associated with Causing Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea? March 2017, Pharmacy Times

What Conditions Does Clindamycin Hcl treat? Web MD

FDA updates warnings for fluoroquinolone antibiotics, July 2016, FDA

Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria, March 2018, Nature International Journal of Science

Urinary tract infection in older adults, October 2013, NCBI

Antibiotics for urinary tract infections in older people When you need them—and when you don’t, Consumer Reports and American Geriatric Society, 2017

Challenges in the Use of Antibiotics in the Elderly by Zvonar, Rosemary Zvonar

Antimicrobial Pharmacy Specialist, The Ottawa Hospital

Adverse effects of Antibiotics in the Geriatric Patient Population, August 2013, LECOM

Link Between Antibiotics and Delirium Strengthened by Tim Newman, February 18, 2016, Medical News Today

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Mayo Clinic

What are Probiotics? Mayo Clinic

6 Foods That Are Good for Gut Health, September 2017, Consumer Reports

Prebiotics, probiotics and your health, Mayo Clinic

Prebiotic Food List, by Probiotics and Fermented Foods

The Hype Behind Probiotics and Gut Foods, February 2018, Dr. Oz

What is kombucha tea? Does it have any health benefits? Mayo Clinic, Answers from Brent A. Bauer, M.D.,

Bacteria Resistant Super Bug – C-DIFF (Clostridium difficile: From Obscurity to Superbug by NCBI )

Gut Health and Antibiotics…what you might want to know

This report is not a substitute for medical advice and treatment. Never diagnose or treat yourself or a family member.

Gut Health and Antibiotics…what you might want to know This report is not a substitute for medical advice and treatment. Never diagnose or treat yourself or a family member.

#Antibiotics #C-DIFF #Communicating with your doctor #Elderly and Antibiotics #Gut Healthy #Kombucha #Life Lesson #Prebiotics #Probiotics #Side effects of antibiotics

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callitlouisa-blog · 7 years ago

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Urinary Tract Infections

Trained pharmacists may provide antibiotics to women aged 16-65 years presenting of UTI symptoms to improve access of healthcare to patients. This however, may increase risk of antibiotic resistance making antibiotics such as trimethoprim to be ineffective.

BPAC Empiric treatment guidelines for uncomplicated cystitis in women:

First line: Trimethoprim or nitrofurantion

Second line: Quinolone, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin - usually for pyelonephritis

An infection in the urinary tract is always symptomatic due to an invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that release toxins, cause antigen-antibody responses etc. which result in cellular damage. In the bladder for example, an infection usually results in damage of cells which result in contractions of bladder tissues leading to frequency of urination.

General the bladder is often sterile (i.e. does not contain organisms), however sometimes colonisation of bacteria can occur with people being asymptomatic. Asymptomatic bacterial urinary tract infection is normal in a small proportion of people, more common in females, and is usually greater as a person gets older (>60 years). In elder males, this usually occurs due to compression of the urethra which results in blockage of drainage from the bladder, predisposing them to the likeliness of getting asymptomatic bacteria. Most people are able to live with this, with exceptions of women who are pregnant who will need to be treated due to increased risk of developing pyelonephritis.

Symptomatic bacterial infection for males are more likely to occur during the infantile stage due to development of the urethra and any abnormalities in this, however once that is resolved males are not likely to get UTI until the age of 60 years due to urethral compression usually by prostate hyperplasia. In females, there is a gradual increase of UTI infection occurring with increased risk during sexual activity.

Pathogenesis: A microorganism containing virulence factors allows them to overcome host defences. The urethra in the female is small and is closely lined with the vagina which allow microorganisms to easily traverse the urethra to opening area of the urethra where it then migrates to the bladder. The bacteria then adheres to the bladder wall. Once they are able to stick on to the bladder wall, they can multiply and cause symptomatic infection. Microorganism may also contain a capsule rendering it immune to phagocytosis from immune cells.

The most common microorganism that causes uncomplicated cystitis are the gram negative bacteria with E.coli being the most common. Proteus and Klebsiella are the least common while S. saprophyticus has started to become prominent over recent years.

Risk factors:

Sexual intercourse

Spermicide use especially if associated with diaphragm use as they also kill off normal bacteria that usually help to protect the vagina from infections

Post-menopausal women due to reduced estrogen levels as they reduce protective bacteria producing lactobacili; topical estrogen can help to improve this

Clinical symptoms:

Current and clear-cut symptoms with 2 or more of: painful urination, increased urinary frequency and urgency, suprapubic pain

Patient with frequency and dysuria have >90% change of having a UTI which is why they would not need to get a urine test

If it is not clear-cut, may need to consider other conditions

Any other vaginal symptoms, itch or discharge - treat for vaginal candidiasis or refer for STI

Screen for pyelonephritis (kidney infection); any systemic symptoms (e.g. fever, chills, nausea, feeling unwell, pain on the sides of the lower back)

If they have pyelonephritis, it may put microorganisms into the blood stream

Refer to doctor for any of the following:

Pregnancy - would need careful monitoring

STI risk - unprotected sex, young age (chlamydia or gonorrhoea risk), early onset of sexual activity, more than 1 partner, alcohol/drug use, prostitution

More than three UTIs in the last 12 months - antibiotic resistance or may need preventative measures

More than two UTIs in the last 2 weeks - anitbiotic resistance

Other health complications (e.g. renal impairment, abnormal urinary tract, history of renal stones, immunocompromised, diabetes, etc.)

Taking immunosuppressants (e.g. azathioprine, ciclosporin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate) - complicated cystitis due to risk of relapse because of different organisms

Urinary Alkalinisation

Urinary alkalinisation does not kill the organisms but does help to treat the symptoms of reducing a painful burning sensation when urinating.

Contraindications:

Pregnancy

Renal impairment

Cardiac disease

Other interactive medications

Previous allergy

Other treatments to prevent recurrent infection:

Cranberry juice - controversial, tablets may be better

Methenamine hippurate (Hiprex)

Both the above need to monitor whether it works in individuals. Drinking lots of water helps to remove the bacteria from the bladder wall.

Trimethoprim

Mechanism: Blocks the metabolism of dihydrofolic acid preventing purine formation which results in blockage of DNA synthesis. Antimicrobial spectrum includes organisms causing uncomplicated cystitis but antimicrobial resistance is becoming an issue

Pharmacokinetics: TMP is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, with 10-20% metabolised mainly in the liver and the remainder becoming excreted unchanged in the urine. This is important in the treatment of cystitis as urinary concentrations are higher than serum concentration. Antibacterial activity also affects vaginal and bowel flora. Half life is 8-10 hours which allows for once daily dose.

Side effects:

Gastrointestinal - nausea, vomiting, sore mouth or tongue

Skin rashes - usually mild

Pruritis

Caution with reduced folate - i.e. during pregnancy

Aseptic meningitis

Allergic reactions including rarely, anaphylaxis

Drug interactions:

Pyrimethamine for malaria prophylaxis - megaloblastic anaemia

Warfarin - anticoagulation activity may be increased

Phenytoin - increase half life

Ciclosporin - post renal transplant causes deterioration of renal function

Amantidine, procainamide - increase half life

Digoxin - levels may increase

Anti folate medication (methotrexate) - need to have folate supplement

Most of these medications prevent pharmacists from treating the patient which would need the patient to see their practitioner

Contraindications:

Previous allergy to trimethoprim

Severe renal dysfunction

Severe haematological disorders

Dosage: 300mg OD for 3 days

Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin is another medication that is a first line agent for uncomplicated cystitis. There is less antimicrobial resistance to this medication, and a 5 day course of this is equivalent to 3 days of trimethoprim.

The dosage of nitrofurantoin is: 50-100mg QID.

#june

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