#it's good enough to test watera

[azulirawrites]

Fadrien 01

@cxndy-stxrs requested this,and I really liked the idea, so I decided to write up a draft for it. If I like it, I may end up continuing it. It's a nice premise. Sorry if formatting is weird, posting from mobile

Hawkmoth had won, Marinette realized, as the akuma victim pulled her earrings off. She quickly covered her face in an attempt to conceal her identity from Hawkmoth. Her earrings joined Chat’s ring, slipping past the sharp, animal-like teeth of the akuma’s pouch. She dove under her lucky charm, a polka dotted blanket that was already covering Chat Noir, and came face-to-face with her long-time crush. “Adrien?” She whispered, shocked.

“I should be more surprised,” Marinette could see his admiration of her in his eyes, and his smile, “but, well, you’re already so amazing.” Marinette’s cheeks heated, and she did her best to hide it by averting her gaze. “I’m glad it’s you. I don’t think I’d rather you be anyone else.” Marinette couldn’t help smiling, despite the dire circumstances.

"I'm glad it's you too, Adrien," Marinette answered. Ignoring the thoughts welling up telling her how Adrien returned her feelings, Marinette instead focused on a plan. "We need to stand up, and follow the Akuma to Hawkmoth."

"Of course, m'lady," the two of them stood up together, working in almost unnatural synchronization. They wrapped the blankets around them as hoods, keeping their face to the ground to follow the Akuma's trail. "How long do you think we have until the Akuma finishes it's business and heads for Hawkmoth?"

"I don't know," Marinette admitted, "They didn't really give away their motives," which, of course, was something very unusual by Aluma standards. Most were extremely willing to scream their motives at the top of their lungs. "Did you get anything?"

"He kind of looked like a D&D character," Adrien said, "Maybe his character died? Look for a character sheet?" Marinette nodded, it was as likely as anything else. "He's probably after his DM for killing the character," Adrien hypothesized, "but if it happened tonight, he has probably already done so."

Marinette didn't like thinking about that, instead commenting, "So he's heading for Hawkmoth?" She tried to ignore that they were rather quickly falling behind. The Akuma's lead continued to grow when Adrien tripped, bringing both of them down.

"My Lady!" Adrien's voice was slightly pained, and incredibly worried, "My Lady, something's wrong!" Marinette turned to look at him, and fear pierced her heart.

"Adrien!" She couldn't keep her voice down, "Your foot!" It was gone; Not cut off or anything, just gone. Like it had never been there. Slowly, the lack of existence crawled up his leg, pulling him apart piece by piece. 

"Marinette," Adrien's voice was desperately begging for help. Marinette wrapped her arms around him, hoping she could somehow anchor him to her. "Marinette, please," she tried to ignore the strange distance to his terrified voice as he returned the embrace. "What's happening?"

"Hawkmoth," it was the only reasonable conclusions. He must have wished to get rid of them. She could feel her partner getting lighter in her arms as the spread of the non-existence grew quicker. "Please don't go," it was a useless request, she knew. She could feel him leaving. 

"I promise I'll stay with you," he promised. Marinette's hands moved to cup Adrien's face, before pressing a kiss to his lips. True Love's Kiss always worked right? Her hands collapsed inward, the sides of her partners face slipping from her grasp. The last she saw of Adrien was his green eyes, reflecting a deep pain, before they too faded away. 

A certain fuzziness overtook her. Was this how Adrien felt? More importantly, who was Adrien? Was he why she was crying? She couldn't remember. Why couldn't she remember? She wrapped the polka-dotted blanket around her and headed home; she could figure out what happened there.

It was early when Marinette woke up; far earlier than usual, even for a school day. The sun was just barely beginning to peer into her room when she opened her eyes. She hadn't slept particularly well; she had been upset last night, after all, though she couldn't quite remember why. It was probably nothing. Marinette took the opportunity granted to her to snuggle into her warm, red and black polka-dotted blanket. "Marinette," her trap door swung open as her mother came into view, "You need to wake up or- Oh, you're already awake."

Marinette laughed a little at the slightly awkward situation, "Yes maman, I'm awake." Sabine continued up, into Marinette's room, before moving near her bed.

"You were crying last night," Sabine showed clear worry for her daughter, "Are you alright? Did you have a spat with Luka?"

"No, maman, Luka and I are doing just fine," a blush tinged her cheek as she answered, "I'm not really sure why I was upset last night." Her mother pursed her lips, but said nothing. Marinette wished she could give her an answer, but she simply didn't have one. She changed the subject, "Actually, I was wondering, could I invite Luka over after school?"

"Of course dear," Sabine smiled, "Just make sure that your door stays open."

"Maman!" Marinette's blush intensified. Sabine chuckled, then gave Marinette a hug before descending from her room once more. Marinette made her way to the bathroom, showered, and got prepared for her school day quickly, used to a rushed morning most days. She eventually made her way to school, sitting down next to Alya.

"You're early today," her best friend commented.

"I didn't sleep well," Marinette answered, "Something upset me last night, or something, but I can't remember what." Alya looked like she was about to say something, so Marinette added, "No it wasn't Luka, my mom already asked. But I am going to be inviting him over after school."

Alya grinned, "Oh? Are you going to work on a new project with him?" She teased.

"No!" Marinette blushed, "We're just gonna hang out."

"You know I have to wonder what's going to be han-" Alya was interrupted by Marinette.

"I don't ask you about you and Nino," she pointed out. It was Alya's turn to blush. "And besides, we've only kissed a couple times. Luka's really chill."

"What a gentleman," Alya teased. The two continued to banter until class started. Marinette's eyes drifted to the empty seat by Nino; usually Nathaniel sat beside him, but the artist was out sick today. For some reason she couldn't quite place, it was almost difficult to imagine Nathaniel sitting there. "Hey girl, you ok?" Alya whispered, "You're staring awfully hard at Nathaniel's seat."

"I'm fine," she answered quietly, breaking her eyes from the chair, "I just thought I saw something."

"If you say so," Alya answered, and the two of them turned back to their notes. While Marinette couldn't shake the feeling of something being off with Nathaniel's seat, she could ignore it. The rest of the day passed by mostly uneventfully, with Marinette texting Luka over lunch to ask him if he wanted to come over after school. He was glad to accept.

 Marinette greeted Luka at the backdoor of her parents' bakery. She hugged him before leading him inside and up to her room, making sure to leave the trap door open. The two quickly settled into their comfort zone with each other; Marinette designing while Luka strummed his guitar and wrote down some ideas. She was happy. 

So why was she feeling like something was wrong?

[vinodcookware]

Are You Using Your Pressure Cooker Right?

Which is the one utensil in your kitchen that can simply cook any and everything? You can say that apart from the stove, this is the next most essential thing you need in a kitchen, especially in India. Whistle…. whistle… we know you have guessed it already. It’s the pressure cooker!

The pressure cooker is indeed one of the most marvelous inventions that has made cooking food really simple. From baking cakes to cooking dal, a pressure cooker is a really handy tool. Did you know that the pressure cooker was invented in the 17th century? But how many of us actually know the right way of cooking in a pressure cooker?

The pressure cooker works on a cohesive mechanism of steam and pressure. Those who cook regularly know that if not used correctly, a pressure cooker can be dangerous. There is always this looming fear of it exploding. But worry not, we have listed five things that you need to know about using a pressure cooker correctly.

Don’t neglect to inspectChecking each part of the pressure cooker is necessary before placing it on the stove. Check the lid for cracks, ensure that the vents are clear, and the lid is fastened correctly. It is also important to check whether the handle is intact before handling the container, as doing so may prevent your hands from burning.

Always buy good quality pressure cooker Branded pressure cookers go through exhaustive safety checks. They undergo various inspection tests before being mark safe for use. Continuous innovation for improved quality & convenience is an additional benefit a good example of this is Vinod Cookware’s new and upcoming Nutrimax pressure cooker that has a convenient switch lock system, two cooking modes, and easy pressure release with 3x the safety features that will ensure you cook the most delicious food along with being safe.

Ensure a sufficient amount of waterA pressure cooker needs liquid to create steam and pressure to function. It is literally mentioned in its name! Make sure you add enough liquid/water which is necessary to cook food quickly and evenly. If you use less water, the food may burn, and if you use more water, the texture may be ruined. You got to exercise great judgment for this one!

Let the steam out Do not try to lift the lid of a pressure cooker without releasing the steam. If you do, please be warned that the intense high pressure may force the lid open and crash into your ceiling. All the while the hot steam could be melting your skin.The most ideal way to release the steam from a pressure cooker is to remove it from the heat and let the steam release on its own. Another way is to run cold water over the pressure cooker. You can also lift the whistle with a spatula or a long spoon. Whichever ways you try to release the steam faster, ensure to protect your hands and face from the hot steam

Clean it before you keep it This is applicable for all the food equipment be it a spoon or a wok or a pressure cooker. Pressure cookers are not made to store food. To ensure longevity, it’s best to clean them thoroughly before storage.

This list is to help you understand how to use a pressure cooker in the safest and the most effective way. The new generation pressure cookers come with many safety features that ensure you stay entirely safe while cooking.

Vinod Cookware’s Nutrimax pressure cooker comes with many such built in safety features such as maximum nutrient retention technology (MNRT), and single whistle technology making it energy efficient. These conveniences are sure to reduce your worries while cooking with pressure cookers!

https://vinodcookware.com/

https://vinodcookware.com/blogs/articles/are-you-using-your-pressure-cooker-right

[drdiandralp]

In-Car Fire Suppression Systems

Note: This post was revised and updated on May 6, 2020 from the original. NASCAR has made significant advances in protecting drivers from crashes, but fire is more of a challenge. Let's take a look at how fire suppression systems have evolved.

A Brief History of Fire Suppression Systems

A loaded NASCAR racecar carries 20 gallons of fuel and more than a gallon of oil. All those combustible materials are in close proximity to hot metal and electrical equipment being pushed to their limits. A broken part can rupture a fuel or oil line, spreading flammable liquid everywhere. Fireball1 Roberts' death after a fiery wreck2 in the 1964 World 600 spawned NASCAR's first fire safety rules. NASCAR mandated fire-resistant driver safety gear. Drivers used to dip street clothes in fire-retardant chemicals. Roberts was an asthmatic and the chemicals used worsened his symptom, so he didn't use the chemicals. Every car had to have an on-board fire-extinguishers within reach of the driverRubber fuel cells replaced steel fuel tanks, which could easily rupture in a crash. But That Wasn't Enough The driver's best protection against fire is getting out of the car; however, that's not always possible. NASCAR firesuits protect against second degree burns for about 10 seconds. If a car bursts into flame at 200 mph, it could take more than ten seconds for the driver to stop the car much less get out of it. A crash may also impair the driver's ability to steer or get out of the car. In Dale Earnhardt, Jr.'s 2014 Texas crash, the car stopped with the driver's side jammed up against the outside wall. Dale had to wriggle out of the car and walk across the car's hood to get away from the vehicle. Ironically, many of the safety improvements for impact make it harder for the driver to get out of the car quickly. Things like wrap-around seats, HANS devices, helmets and gloves complicate driver egress. Do-It-Yourself Fire Suppression The first on-board fire suppression systems were portable extinguishers. In case of fire, the driver had to locate the extinguisher, aim it and pull the pin. Then the car filled with powder in addition to the smoke. The chemical powder used to smother the fire was extremely hard on human lungs. The final weakness of this system is that it didn't address the worst case: a driver unable to get himself out of the car.

Taking It Out of the Drivers' Hands A.J. Foyt's team debuted the first automatic onboard fire extinguishing system debuted in the 1967 Indy 500. After Foyt had a fiery crash in Milwaukee in  1965, DuPont representatives offered help designing an integral fire extinguisher system. Foyt's team added a temperate-sensitive switch that would automatically deploy in case of fire. (In 1975, Indy 500 competitors accused Foyt of hiding extra fuel in his fire extinguisher.)

Defining the Problem: It's Not Just Fire

The driver's cockpit has a volume of about 100 cubic feet. NASCAR requires a 5-lb manually-activated fire extinguisher in the driver's compartment. The drawing below shows the locations of the nozzle and the switch.

When Ryan Blaney's crew chief asked if he had activated the fire suppression system, Blaney's response was: "Dude, I was trying to get out of it. I didn't look for the pin. I couldn't see it regardless. --Ryan Blaney" In 2003, NASCAR required a separate, thermally activated fire extinguisher system for the fuel-cell area. This system contains 10 pounds of extinguishing chemical for the 17 cubic foot fuel cell compartment.

Putting Out Fires Fire requires heat, oxygen and fuel. Once you have these three components, fire continues via a chain reaction. Heated fuel produces gas-phase free radicals -- highly reactive compounds that quickly combine with oxygen from the air. That combustion reaction produces more heat. That heat frees more free radicals from the fuel, which combine with oxygen and produce more heat. It's like a nuclear chair reaction, but at the molecular level.

You must eliminate (or more) one of the components in the chain reaction to break the chain. How Water Puts Out Fire Water cools a fire, eliminating the 'heat' component. Heat turns water from liquid to steam. Water redirects the fire's heat into vaporizing the water, so there's less heat available to form more free radicals.

Also, a thin layer of water forms between the fuel and the air around the fuel. That layer separates the fire and the fuel, making it harder to sustain the chain reaction. Gasoline Fires Water extinguishes fires involving Class A Combustibles like paper, wood, and clothing. Grease and oil (Class B combustibles) don't respond to water. Firstly, water cannot form a protective barrier between fuel and air because the fuel floats to the top of the waterA stream of water can cause fuel to spatter, which distributes the fuel over a wider area. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers One way to suppress a gasoline fire is with chemicals that smother the fire by removing or displacing oxygen. Carbon dioxide (aka CO2), is heavier than air, so it works the same way water works on Type A combustibles displaces the air around the fuel. The foam covers the fuel and forms a barrier against oxygen. A pressurized liquid also comes out cold, adding heat mitigation. The major problem with CO2 extinguishers for race cars is that drivers need oxygen, so removing the oxygen causes a problem. Never use carbon dioxide extinguishers in confined spaces. Dry Chemical Fire Suppressors Chemicals like monoammonium phosphate (also used as fertilizer), sodium bicarbonate (yes, baking soda) and potassium bicarbonate also create a barrier between oxygen and fuel. The risks of dry chemicals outweigh the benefits in motorsports because an explosion of powder could keep the driver from seeing (or breathing). They're also really hard to clean up. Halon A.J. Foyt's 1967 system used Halon 1301 (CBrF3). Halon is a chlorofluorocarbon gas. When pressurized, a lot of halon fits in a small container. When deployed, the gas expands to covers the entire volume, providing protection that doesn't requiring any aiming. Halons were first used in World War 2 on aircraft and tanks (which are always good comparators for racecars). They didn't impair the driver's vision and, because Halon doesn't form conductive ions, it doesn't damage electronics. Unfortunately, the heat in the racecar during races warmed the Halon 1311 gas and the cylinders discharged without warning. A variant (Halon 1211) was preferable because it didn't need to be held at such high pressure, so it didn't discharge accidentally.

Halon 1211 is the brand name for bromochlorodifluoromethane , or CF2ClBr. The rule requiring 5 lbs of of an approved extinguishing gas in the cockpit comes from testing on this compound. Halon does cool the fuel, but its primary fire suppression mechanism is attaching to the free radicals before the free radicals can combust with oxygen. This breaks up the chain reaction.

Because Halon doesn't displace oxygen, it works well in confined spaces. It's stable and easily recyclable. It was the fire suppressant of choice until we realized how badly chlorofluorocarbons damage the ozone layer. (Another name for Halon is Freon 12B1.) The Montreal Protocol banned CFC production in 1994.

Today's Fire Suppressors

The need for an alternative to Halon wasn't just a motorsports problem. Halons were the global industry standard for fire protection. DuPont took the lead to find alternatives. As with any critical application, you end up with a long list of requirements. Effective at suppressing fireAcceptable human inhalation toxicityDoes not impair or obstruct the driver or rescue teamAbility to suppress a fire shielded behind somethingEasy to useEasy to clean upNo residue that would affect subsequent track gripElectrically nonconductiveSmall and lightShelf stable FE-36

DuPont's FE-36 is a hydrofluorocarbon: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane or CF3CH2CF3. Hydrofluorocarbons are similar to chlorofluorocarbons, but since hydrofluorocarbons have neither bromine nor chlorine atoms, they are not damaging to the ozone layer. They aren't quite as effective as the Halons, but they do the job and don't have the cardiac sensitization issues of the chlorofluorocarbons. FE-36 quickly became the prime ingredient in motorsports fire suppression systems.

But...

Although they don't attack the ozone layer, hydrofluorocarbons are still greenhouse gases. FE-36 has an atmospheric lifetime of 220 years. That means that if a FE-36 fire protection unit goes off during a race, those FE-36 molecules will be hanging around our atmosphere until 2238. A similar chemical, FM-200 is a little better because its atmospheric lifetime is only 33 years, but that's still a pretty long time. Because of these concerns, legislation to regulate and eventually phase-out the use of these chemicals is being considered (mostly in the European Union at present).  Chemical manufacturers have gone back to the drawing board.

NOVEC 1230 In 2012, Greg Biffle's #16 car debuted a NOVEC-1230 fire suppression system created by 3M, then Biffle's sponsor. "NOVEC" is the trade name for CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 – aka dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-one. Novec 1230 absorbs heat, just like water. The mechanism is a little more complicated. Novec 1230 combines with air to form a gas capable of absorbing a lot of heat. It also evaporates 50 times faster than water. Novec 1230 offers similar no-ozone-depletion, but creates much less of a greenhouse gas load. The positive is that Novec 1230's atmospheric lifetime is only five days. Novec 1230 shows a lot of promise for the biggest fire-suppression issue these days: protecting data centers where huge numbers of hot-running servers store people's critical data.

No Solution is Perfect

A series of pit-road accidents lead F1 to prohibit cars from refueling during races in 2010. While it adds an interesting strategic element (the car's handling changes greatly as the fuel load goes from 100 pounds toward zero), I don't see it happening in NASCAR. As we've said here before: There is no way to make racing entirely safe.

Notes

Fireball Roberts got his nickname from his baseball career, not as a result of the accident that ultimately led to his death.Roberts emerged from the crash with burns over 80% of his body and miraculously survived for several weeks, but ultimately contracted pneumonia and sepsis. Read the full article