#how to treat swollen feet after c section
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styaweightloss-blog · 1 year ago
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Why You Should what's the Best Treatment for Swollen Feet a Little Every Day
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Are you tired of suffering from swollen feet and ankles? Don't let it keep you down! Try these simple, yet effective treatments for swelling.
Elevation: Lie down on your bed and prop your feet up with a couple of pillows. Make sure they are higher than your heart to improve blood circulation.
Compression: Wear compression stockings or wrap your feet and ankles with a compression bandage to help reduce swelling.
Massage: Gently massage your feet and ankles in a circular motion to improve circulation and decrease swelling.
Cold Water Soak: Fill a bucket with cold water and soak your feet and ankles for 10-15 minutes. This will help to reduce swelling and inflammation.
Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to prevent dehydration, which can cause swelling. best treatment for swollen feet With these treatments, you can get relief from swollen feet and ankles and get back to your normal life! Don't wait any longer to feel better, start implementing these remedies today!
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siberat · 6 months ago
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There’s Always Room for Dessert
Have a little t/c x rat/chet Drabble. I am not on word nor have access to grammarly, so only simply edified.
The secret lovers meet up at a Buffett, and eating ensues. Chubfic.
Feeling the table press into his swollen gut was both satisfying and annoying. Another unplanned meet-up with the blue see/ker resulted in fine dinning at a local buffet. While the food may not have been top notch, it satiated one’s desire to pig out. And now Ratc/het sat back in the booth, rubbing his swollen gut.
“Don’t tell me you are full already,” Thunde/rcracker grinned, eyeing the massive belly. “I still haven’t hit up the dessert table.”
The medic groaned, rolled his optics, and stifled a burp. “I ain’t no whelp. However, I think dinner is done.”
“I’d say so.” The see/ker’s hand reached over and gave the paunch a playful pat. “Shall I select you something tasty from the cake section?”
“You better, or else.”
“Or else what?”
“Or else I’m going back to my room and sleeping this off.”
Thunder/cracker pouted. The pair didn't spend a lot of time together- being in the middle of a war had several drawbacks. And what little time he had, the ‘Co/n wanted to make last.
“Don’t you worry, my sweets. I will serve you the best tasting desserts available.” The see/ker rose to his feet. “Well, at least the best this place has to offer.”
“You better make it worth the wait.” The medic barked, a devious grin appearing on his face. While the flier loved watching the Auto/bot devour plate after plate, that gruff attitude always shown up if that mouth wasn’t full.
And Thunderc/racker loved it! That biting attitude, while always in jest, just really proved how playful the other could be. Because we all know under that hardened exterior, Rat/chet was such a softy.
Well, as of late, the medic’s protoform under his plating was growing soft as well.
But soon enough, a heaping plateful of cake slices, brownies, chocolates and ice creams were set in front of the medic.
“You better put your money where your mouth is,” T/C deeply growled as he took a seat next to the stuffed mech.
Ratc/het only responded by licking his lips and rubbing his belly as he looked over the mountain of scrumptious sweets in front of him. All the chosen foods looks so good! How could he choose which to consume first?
Turns out, the decision was made for him as a forkful of the rich, chocolate brownies was pressed to his lips. And just how could one deny such a decedent treat? The medic’s mouth opened and as soon as the warm, gooey mess hit his taste sensors, his engines rumbled.
And as soon as servo’s rubbed at his swollen tummy his cooling fans clicked on.
In fact, Ratc/het didn’t know what was better- being fed by his secret Decep/ticon lover or getting those belly rubs! When it came to attention, the see/ker never skimped. Nor let down. It was as if the fattened mech’s body was an idol, and T/C was the devout worshipper. And when it came to tending to needs, T/C had all bases covered.
“Here,” The See/ker held up a tall glass of cold ener-melk. “Tell me this doesn't hit the spot.”
Rat/chet didn’t need to take a gulp to know this beverage went well with the brownie- or any of the other desserts. He took a gulp before opening his mouth for more food.
And more came. Bit after bite of sweets were fed. Swallow after swallow sweets were devoured. It only took half the deserts being consumed for that belly to growl out in warnings of the upcoming belly ache. But Rat/chet did not stop. The food simply tasted to good to say no!
That, and Thunder/cracker did not relent with shoving food into his maws. Of course, Ratc/het didn’t stop him.
But as the medic began to slow down, that servo rubbed with more purpose at that rounded paunch. The touch was soft and gentle in the beginning, but now, the pressure of the touch built. Every little rumble of a belly quake was chased down and messaged. And that added pressure did something within that spare tire.
Something tickled deep within his tanks, causing minor cramping before rising upward. Upon those digits pressing firmer, the sensation grew, and soon, something traveled upwards. Rat/chet was happy he had time to close his mouth as to at least save some dignity and not let a monster of a belch escape full blast!
At least this one was muffled.
“Tum-Tum feel better?”
Rat/chet nodded and opened his mouth for more. There was no way he was finished. At least, he wanted those touches to his beach-ball sized belly to continue and he knew if he kept eating, T/C would keep rubbing.
Even when breathing became hard and swallowing became such a chore, the medic pressed on. Just hearing T/C’s words of praise and those caresses of encouragement gave him strenght to polish off cakes, pies and ice cream. All too soon, that monster of a belly no longer could fit any more snacks inside. Nor could it fit within the booth!
Nearly sweating, the medic leaned back, rubbing his own servo‘s over his overstuffed and sore belly. He panted to catch his breath and wished against wish to just lay down!
“You are so well for me tonight,” T/C cooed, giving the belly a playful pinch. Anything else catch your fancy?”
“The berth,” Rat/chet boldly stated.
“Hmmmmm… How presumptuous of you,” T/C deeply hummed.
“I want to lay down.”
“Do you need further soothing?” A smile appeared on the See/kers lips.
“You know, I do expect some royal treatment after that feast I consumed for you…”
“Allow me to tend to your desires….”
And Ratchet could help but smile at that. He knew just what this evening had in store. All the tummy tickles he could want- as well as other things getting special attention.
See, there was always room for dessert.
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reallyromealone · 2 years ago
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hey Rome hope you're doing alright! anyway if it's okay can I request a bonten x Omega reader where sweet cutie patootie reader becomes ✨pregananant✨ with an attitude and the time finally comes where he gives birth to this↓
babie
but ofc ignore this if u feel uncomfy :)
mwah mwah!
Hey hey I'm doing just fine!
And I got you my dude
X
Who new constant love making would get (name) pregnant?
Eight months pregnant (name) sat on a plush couch in Bonten headquarters with an annoyed frown.
His mates alpha instincts bad been going wild as he grew near his due date, not wanting him to go anywhere by himself.
They didn't even trust the security guards around him.
So basically where his alphas went, he went.
They did rotations in who stayed back and did paperwork and who went out and did stuff like torture traitor's and shipment checks and thankfully (name) struggled getting up so he wasn't going anywhere without them knowing.
"I brought you lunch baby" Takeomi said as he walked towards the pouting Omega who was wearing one of mochis hoodies, kokos sweatpants and a pair of Mikey's sandals not to mention heavily scented by his mates every time they see him "no pickles?" (Name) asked hopefully, pickles currently did not agree with him during his pregnancy and they didn't need him throwing up again.
Morning sickness was hell the first few months.
"No pickles" he said handing him the to go container and smiling when the Omega began eating happily and knew damn well not to get in the way of (name) and food, even before they knocked him up he was a bit feral with food.
Takeomi watched his mate as he took him in, swollen ankles and all he was stunning.
"Your feet hurt?"
"A bit..."
Takeomi knew he would never ask them to rub his feet, always feeling bad since they did the money making and not wanting to have them do more work.
It takes some explaining that they don't see him as work, but as sanctuary and would literally do anything for him, something as trivial as a foot rub is no problem to them.
He was carrying their kid after all.
They weren't sure whose kid it was, they didn't really care particularly as they all would treat the babe as their own regardless.
(Name) let out a breathy moan as Takeomi rubbed his feet, almost pornographic and catching the ears of a few lingering Bonten men "Takeomi are you seriously fucking doing that here?" Kakucho said from behind (name) the angle where he was at made it look wildly different "hah? I'm rubbing his feet!" Takeomi said back and watched as (name) decompressed from his godly hands.
"God look at you baby..." Kaku said "so big and ro---"
"What did you just call me?" (Name) said coldly, mood shifting as he looked at the other "u-uh--"
"How could you say that?!" (Name) hissed out as he retracted his feet away from takeomi, struggling but he eventually stood up "babe--"
"What's going on?" Mikey said as him, Sanzu and Koko walked in from a meeting "why is (name) crying?"
"He called me fat!"
"I didn't mean too!"
(Name) their sweet angel was incredibly hostile throughout the pregnancy and they didn't know what to do, mood swings and cravings and just a polar opposite of his usual self.
They were actually excited for him to give birth.
Like all male omegas he had a c-section, tired but much calmer and drugged up as he held his sweet baby that no one knew exactly who the father was but it didn't matter.
Because he was here and they loved him so so much.
"God he's just a little thing" Koko said in awe and they swear they saw the kid roll his little eyes as they doted over him.
Ran poked his chubby little cheeks only for his hand to be slapped away and that's when they realized.
(Name)s pregnancy attitude transfered to their kid.
🌸
Reblogs & Tips appreciated
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cupidmarwani-archive · 5 years ago
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As sensitive as he's always been, Crockett has a good handle on his reactions. He's a trauma surgeon. Sometimes surgeries smell bad. Ones on bowels? They're awful, have him reeling afterwards and trying not to throw up. And working the ED, he gets a lot of strong smells off patients and their families. Distress, fear, pain. They're to be expected, and although it's strong, Crockett has taken to finding ways to keep himself from getting too overwhelmed and hurting himself. 
For one, he takes inhibitors to corral his own scent. It's strong, he knows, and he'd prefer not to scare his patients with it. But he also has a monthly order of menthol that he keeps in his locker to rub under his nose on days when he gets overwhelmed. And having Ethan or Noah groom him in the break room is pretty helpful too. He's been doing this a long time and he's okay, he's capable of working through it. Like that woman whose uterus was ruptured in a forced c-section, she had reeked of distress and blood. So much that it made him dizzy. But he applied some menthol and worked through it.
This is different. 
He can smell it before he even gets into the OR, even with a thick layer of menthol trying to protect him. When he actually walks in, it's like being punched in the face. Immediately Crockett gags and takes a step back, but there's nowhere to go and no one to replace him. He has to do this. His patient's life depends on it. 
So he tries to ignore the smell as best as he can, cutting beneath the dead tissue to find something, anything that's still alive and salvageable. This young woman has a future. She can't die, certainly not because Crockett is weak and unable to push through a little discomfort to do his job. He's been through worse, he tells himself. It's a lie. But he keeps going until it's too late. Until he can't save her and she flatlines on his table. Until he declares her legally dead. He tries, he tries to stay and be respectful. He can't. The reek of dead tissue, combines with the way death wafts off her and the smell of it all clinging to his clothes- it's too much. 
He practically runs out of the room, pulling off his surgical protection and throwing it away. He's going to be sick. He's going to be sick, and there may be tears in his eyes when he reaches the bathroom and drops to his knees in front of a toilet to retch. That scent doesn't help. He throws up until his body is empty and it's just dry heaves, and then washes his face, his hands. Everyone will be able to smell it on him. He wants to go home. 
Going home isn't an option.
Crockett looks at himself in the mirror. He’s visibly shaking, his cheeks are flushed, and he can tell that his jaw is a little swollen with irritation. But it’s fine. He needs to look after his patients, whatever the personal cost. It doesn’t matter that he can barely handle the smell of the infection. He’s fine.
Before he really has the opportunity to calm down, there’s another patient in need of his attention, with the same disease eating them alive. Crockett covers his face with his hands for a moment before running back to the lounge to apply another layer of cold menthol like it can protect him. He just needs to stay calm, and everything is going to be alright. The next patient’s infection is in the arm, not yet breaking skin. But still, it permeates the air, and before he even starts, Crockett knows he won’t be able to save this man’s arm. But he tries, he still tries, because he has no other choice. Even as the smell makes him sick, even as he feels like he might pass out, he keeps going because that’s the sort of doctor, the sort of person, that he is.
After this surgery, he gets sick again. He can’t help it. He’s overwhelmed and it hurts and his usual methods to get through this aren’t enough. He can’t do this, and just thinking about the smell makes him dry heave over the sink again. And Crockett knows, if he mentions this to anyone, he’ll be sent home, possibly with a medication he doesn’t want to treat “hysteria” he doesn’t have. 
Crockett steels himself to walk back out of the safety of the bathroom, only to immediately bump into Noah. Noah, who doesn’t smell like death, but reassurance and pine trees and other natural, safe things. He grabs onto Noah’s white coat and inhales deeply for the first time today, letting his lungs fill free of the reek of all the death.
“You good, Dr. Marcel?”
He swallows hard. He doesn’t want to say it. “I may need you to take over some surgeries today, do you think you could handle that?”
“I- well, if you think I’m ready to-”
“Yes or no, Sexton.”
Noah nods. “I’d be happy to. Just- are you feeling okay? You seem a little…”
“Don’t finish that sentence.”
But Crockett still tilts his head to the side slightly, enough to count as an invitation. Immediately, Noah cups the back of his head gently and noses along Crockett’s jaw. He has to be able to smell the distress, but doesn’t say a word. Instead, he replaces the scent with his own, strong enough for Crockett to be able to smell it on himself and start to put him at ease for the first time today. Noah’s good at that. Comfort. He makes Crockett feel calm, like he can take care of himself. Ethan just makes him feel safe and protected, taken care of. It’s a different sort of love, from a different sort of Alpha. He doesn’t know which he needs more today, but at least he can breathe a little better now.
“I’ll take care of the surgeries, just- just let me know if you need anything else, okay?”
Crockett nods and sends a message to Goodwin before going to the lounge and sitting down. He hates giving up, but he can’t keep doing this. Just thinking about it makes him want to vomit again. God, he’s so weak. He wonders for the briefest of moments if this is evidence that he’s unfit to be a surgeon like everyone has always said. 
But then Ethan arrives, and takes a seat beside him. Fresh baked bread, a hint of spice- comforting scents that dance over him and make him feel less afraid for his job after stepping out for, at minimum, a break. There’s no touch, but there’s reassurance.
“Noah said you asked him to cover for you.”
Crockett nods and shifts to give a little more space between them. He knows he carries the rotting scent of death, a handful of his own distress, and the fresh scent of Noah’s marking. Although he’s not sure how sensitive Ethan’s own nose is, he’d be a fool not to recognize that it’s all well within detection. 
“A couple of your team also had to step out,” Ethan says. “It’s okay to need a break, or to go home. Maggie couldn’t handle more than the first patient, remember?”
There’s no good response. Crockett wishes it wasn’t so hard. But he’s at least starting to calm down, with the aid of space from the OR and Noah’s comfort, and it’ll be better once he can go home and settle, but in the meanwhile, he’s here. Here and drowning. But then Ethan reaches out to him and takes his hand, gentle in contrast to the callouses built up by hard work. A military man, through and through, something that shows on every part of him, down to the roughness of his palms. 
Ethan leans toward him, nudges his jaw in permission, but Crockett just turns away. Noah helped. He’s afraid that anything more will push him further toward screaming and never stopping. At least Ethan doesn’t push, and instead gets to his feet with a hand extended. 
“I’ll drive you home, okay?”
That does sound better than taking public transport like this, in the middle of an outbreak. He’d be able to smell the sickness on anyone within ten feet once he’s out of the hospital crowding him in it. Ethan’s car will be better. It always smells like Ethan and air freshener, and the vents help keep him from getting too overwhelmed.
So he heads outside, into bright fresh air that doesn’t clutter him with blood, and goes to Ethan’s car, a hand on the small of his back to guide him the entire way. He’ll admit, he’s fairly grateful for the touch, and it helps to not be alone. He’s just dreading what comes when he’s left on his own again with nothing but memories and terrible smells that cling to his skin. It’ll take four showers in strip soap at least to put a dent in it.
But he’s safe for now, surrounded by Ethan and coated in Noah, enough to at least make it through his showers before crawling into bed and falling into the heaviest sleep he can manage.
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bottomharrykingdom · 5 years ago
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126 or 54 please!
126. I’m a lucky girl. I’ll admit that.
54. Why’s there a pregnancy test in the trash?
Mpreg ahead!
~
"Here's the stapler. And the staplers- the staples, I mean."
"Yeah."
"And the sandwich bags."
"Okay."
"And the silicone-and-BPA-free teething toy."
"Ooo!" Harry delights in the butterfly teething toy Louis tosses into his hand from the bag of groceries. "Look at this! Look at this, Abby!"
Abby is not amused. In Harry's arms she stirs gently, observing the colorful offering. Louis's smile and optimism are gone the second the 1 year old baby smacks the toy out of her daddy's hand.
Harry makes no effort to leave the comforts of bed to fetch it. He smiles. "She hates it."
"That's fine. It's not like it cost me a lot of money or anything."
"What's that?" Harry points to the last thing hanging in Louis's bag.
"Oh." Louis takes a look down and starts pulling it out. "That's the, um... the pineapple cream pie-"
"You got it for me! Babe!" Harry squeals with a grin and a wiggle as he reaches for the pie container half concealed in the plastic bag.
"Yeah, pineapple cream- babe, here, gimme the baby."
A swift exchange is made. The baby for the pie. "Go on Abby, go with daddy!"
She's massive, positively enormous. And bald, and wearing a hot pink onesie with false lashes printed on the front. Once in Louis's arms he whispers, "I'm not really your daddy," while Harry becomes engrossed in the pie. "I ran to Tesco's to get it for you. You're welcome. Since when do you eat that shit?"
Harry's scooping the pie up with the Walkers Deep Ridged crisps he had at bedside, making for a chewy, loud, crispy symphony of destruction in his mouth.
Louis reserves judgement, and instead raises his brows with quick blinks at Abby. "Mummy's kind of gross, isn't she?"
"Hey!"
He peers into the bathroom. "I see someone fixed the shower- oh right, me! And the kitchen was spotless, I wonder who did that?" And Louis plays puppeteer with a baby voice, "It was you, Louis! You're the best boyfriend ever who cleans up after all of tired mummy's messes and alleviates the pressure from her aching nipples with your mouth because we can't afford a new breast pump until next month!"
And Harry sort of whines. "You told me you liked that..."
"I do! Who needs a milk carton when I've got the whole cow." And he reaches out to drum the small, swollen little mounds at Harry's chest and gives them a squeeze through his Led Zeppelin shirt. "Honk honk."
"Stop objectifying me."
"Beep beep."
"I'm gonna leak."
"Good, I could use a drink. Running errands makes me thirsty. Isn't there protein in breast milk?" And he bends down. "Give it a squeeze, Harry, see if I can catch some."
"Give me Abby back, you're holding her with one arm!"
And Louis finally breaks character for a laugh, eyes crinkled as he stands straight again. "Aw I'm joking, love!"
"Like when you said my C-section scar looked like a calzone crust?"
Louis points a finger. "The stitches were inflamed that day."
"Hand me my fucking baby."
So he does, doing Harry the favor of moving his pie and crisps aside so he can cradle his daughter again with ease. He grabs a crisp and dips it in the pie, scooping it, and bringing it to Harry's mouth to calm him.
But instead of a thank you Harry seems to have a moment of awareness instead- quite usual, since it's always for the worse. "Look how fucking big my belly still is."
"Want me to sit on it, squeeze what's left out?"
Harry breaks into a cackle, giving Louis a smack. Louis laughs with him and bends down to give Harry's belly a kiss. Then he rests his head atop it as he rests his weight on the bed.
"Hey, um... boxed mac n' cheese tonight is alright, yeah?"
"You don't have to stay over."
"No, I want to. You seem stressed." Plays with Abby's foot. Reaches out to flick Harry's puffy, leaking nipple with his finger. "Nothing from, um... Jacob? What did the lawyer say?"
Harry just shrugs.
"That's alright, we can get by without the check. I've got me little job."
Harry chuckles, sitting up when he sees Abby is in the mood to be fussy. So he holds her by the armpits, dances her around on his belly after Louis moves his head. "You're just blowing all your money on me. Your broke single parent Grindr hookup."
Harry watches Abby smile at him, bouncing and giggling as the green-eyed, cherry-lipped splitting image of him. He can never help smiling back, and Louis can't either watching the loving display. Harry cooing his daughter, dimples in his cheeks.
"Because her daddy's a Danish deadbeat who owns shares at the Men's Hair Club of America!" Abby giggles, dancing on her feet. "And he only pays child support when he doesn't have to repair his piece of shit 2001 Mercedes because he can't afford a new one," pouting in her face, "but still weally weally wants to impwess another unsuspecting twinkie winkie winkie boy to bareback in the backseat."
"Maybe I should hold the baby."
Harry doesn't let him, shooting him a glare when he gets on his feet. But he softens again at the sight of his daughter, and this time Louis joins, tickling her chin. Harry leans his head over the way he always does, needy and demanding. And Louis indulges him, gives him a nice big kiss, unknowingly getting pineapple cream pie on his hoodie. "Aw shit," he mouths when he notices.
"You know, I may be a bit in denial about being a fuck-up but... " And Harry kind of huffs, purses his lips. And smiles. Smiles pretty, smiles warm as he looks up at his boyfriend. "I'm a lucky girl, I'll admit that."
Louis smiles.
"I'm in love. I'll admit that too."
And he squeals, giving Harry another kiss. "Love you too, baby." Great boyfriend, 4 months going strong. Going on 5 next week. He's treating him to Wagamama. "I'll get started on dinner! After I take a piss. Excuse me, ladies." And off he goes into the bathroom.
Harry is halfway into a bite of pineapple cream pie dip when Louis calls out from behind the bathroom door.
"Harry?"
"Yeah?"
"Why’s there a pregnancy test in the trash?"
"It doesn't work."
"What does the plus sign mean?"
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svucarisiaddict · 6 years ago
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So excited to know the Stone twins have arrived. Will we get to read about the labor and delivery? Love the Stone family!
“I cannot believe this time tomorrow we’ll be holding them,” Peter mused. His hands gently caressed your huge baby bump. “I feel like you’ve been pregnant forever.”
“You feel that way? Imagine how I feel?” The last couple of weeks had been the roughest. Feet so swollen you couldn’t wear any shoes, back spasms, the skin was stretched tight on your belly you were thankful your doctor okayed a scheduled C-section at 38 weeks.
“So my dear wife. How would you like to spend the last night of your last pregnancy?” Peter looked at through his lashes. “I have a couple ideas if you’re up-”
“What did you say?” Pushing yourself up on your elbows you felt a sense of panic.
“Well I said it’s- it’s your last pregnancy.”
“My last pregnancy. Ever. I’ll never feel the first time a baby kicks, or-”
Peter scooted up on the bed. He tilted your chin. “I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to upset you. You want more kids?”
“That’s the thing until you said that I had never thought about having more kids,” you replied. “I sound crazy.” Did you really want more kids?
“Listen. I’d love more kids but only if you would.” Peter took your hand. When your reply was a shoulder shrug he continued. “Why don’t we talk about it in a few months when these two are sleeping through the night?”
“Deal.” You said with a smile. “Now what was it you had in mind?”
“Y/N. Peter. How are we today?” Dr. Sonners greeted both of you.
“Good. Ready to have these babies.” You rubbed your rotund belly.
Peter scratched the back of his neck. “Are you sure this is safe for her and the babies? I mean her last pregnancy, delivery was not-”
“Babe. It’s okay.” You held your hand out to him.
“I do several of these a week. I’ve done hundreds.”
“But not on my wife,” Peter’s voice was a little unsteady.
“You’re right. I’m sorry I made such little light of it. I will treat her like she’s my wife. She’s in good hands.” Dr. Sonners gave both of you a warm smile.
Peter nodded. And you squeezed his hand a little tighter.
“In the office, we talked about a tubal ligation after we deliver the babies. Have you made up your mind?” Dr. Sonners asked.
You looked over to Peter. The two of you exchanged a look and grinned at one another. “I have. We may not have any more kids but I want the option.”
“Well okay. I’ll see you in the OR shortly.” He smiled as he left the room.
“I hope that was okay-”
“Darling, first of all, it’s your body. You do what you feel is right. And two I’m not objecting to more kids but let’s get these two into the world first,” Peter said. He kissed your temple.
“Here’s your baby girl,” Dr. Sonners announced. He held her above the curtain so you and Peter could see her.
“She’s so beautiful,” you murmured trying not to cry.
“Just like her Momma.” Peter kissed your lips.
You breathed a sigh of relief when you heard her cry. A pulling sensation let you know that your son was making his way into this world. Dr. Sonners held him up as well.
“Wow.” Peter breathed. “You darling are amazing.” Liam joined his sister, Lauren, in crying. “It’s like music to my ears.”
“I’ll remind you of that when they both wake up at 2am hungry,” you said.
“Duly noted,” Peter replied with a chuckle.
“They are amazing.” Currently, Liam was nursing and Lauren was resting in Peter’s arms. Peter ran a single finger down Lauren’s nose and across her cheek. “So are you.”
You gave him a wry smile. “Well Mr. Stone, you’re stuck with all of us for a very long time.”
“Come in,” you called when someone knocked on the door.
“Hi. Is this a good time?” Liv asked. “I have a few people with me that would like to visit.”
You smiled and waved them in. Sonny and Amanda followed in behind Liv.
“Everyone met Liam Emanuel and Lauren Brielle,” Peter said proudly.
“Oh my goodness. May I?” Amanda asked.
Peter placed Lauren in her arms. “I miss this so much.”
“Man, seein’ them gives me baby fever,” Sonny remarked.
“What five isn’t enough for you?” Liv joked.
Sonny rolled his eyes when everyone laughed.
Later that evening after all the visitors had left Peter brought in dinner for the two of you. Peter placed the take out container in front of you. Peter sat on the bed facing you. He was quiet. “Hey. You okay?” You took a bite of your salad.
Peter paused for a moment. “Just been a big day.” He gave you a tight smile.
“Spill it.” You put your fork down and placed your hand on his.
He took a deep breath. “I know we settled on Emanuel for Liam’s middle name but I was thinking and if you don’t want to then-”
“You want to change it?”
Peter nodded his head. “I’d like to use my father’s name, Benjamin.”
“What brought about wanting to change it? Not that I’m not opposed but just wondering.”
Peter shrugged his shoulders. “I’m not sure. Just feels right.”
“It means a lot to you doesn’t it?” Peter nodded. “Okay. Liam Benjamin. Yeah. Has a nice ring.”
Peter grinned. “Thank you. Now eat up.”
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wonderlandsdecay · 5 years ago
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THIS! SO MUCH THIS!
But I wanna add my experience with pregnancy. I didn't have many complications. Almost no morning sickness, no swollen feet and no constant peeing. You know, that stuff others like to warn you about.
But I just couldn't enjoy being pregnant because everybody felt the need to give me advice and many people sounded like they wanted to scare me.
Some people told me what I should NOT eat, how I should stop with my hobby, how much I should rest, all this stuff. That was a little annoying after the 15th time hearing it but okay. I could deal with that. They meant well.
But the worst part where the mothers around me (even my own!) That would say stuff like how once the baby is born I won't be getting enough sleep, not enough time for my husband, my body won't look like before the pregnancy. The stretch marks would make me look unattractive. My breasts will hang even more after breastfeeding. Not to mention all the pain I will go through if I decide to breastfeed.
I will have to stop with my hobbies. In my case it's collecting and customizing dolls. Because the baby will want them as her toys and everything belongs to the baby. No more personal things for me. Everything for the baby! I should stop with such childish nonsense anyway cause I'm going to be a mother soon. I need to grow up and be an adult.
Nobody mentioned the good sides of having a baby. The time spend together in bed, all three of us just cuddling. Stuff like that.
People around me scared me so much regarding the birth I considered having a C-Section just to make it easier. Only my mother told me that the pain will be bad but once I have my daughter in my arms everything is forgotten. Tooth ache is worse.
There was this constant threat that this baby is gonna ruin my life.
Even worse than These people? The ones touching your baby bump without permission. I had this happen two or three times and I swear... This felt so wrong. As if my body was now public property for everybody to touch just because I was carrying a baby. My Baby!
I don't go around and rub peoples bald heads even though I really want to.
I couldn't enjoy my pregnancy because the experience wasn't mine anymore. People felt like they were allowed into every detail. Advice on diet, judging our choice of names and suggesting 'better ones', Horror stories about birth and the life with a child, people invading my personal space.
I probably sound like a whiny and ungrateful bitch but just imagine wanting to enjoy a nice movie and somebody always commenting and spoiling. Stop ruining my experience!
Don't let me get started on the shit I had to deal with because of my mental illness...
Now my daughter is almost two. At 6 weeks old she started to sleep the whole night, she has a beautiful name and grows everyday even without me breastfeeding her. My husband still finds me attractive and I found a new understanding of my body. I see myself differently. I am a mother but I am also a wife and I also have my own life aside from family. The only thing my husband ever said to me about my body changing due to pregnancy was how I smelt like baby and I honestly don't see it as something bad.
This has nothing to do with having a dangerous pregnancy but more with how people should watch how they treat the pregnant person. This is not your experience. Please don't force your opinion/experience/etc. on other people. At least think of your words before saying them.
(English is not my native language so I sorry If I couldn't get my Point across and sounded a little confusing :/)
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bfmh · 7 years ago
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My Anxiety and My God. Ramblings from a new mom.
Friends.
What’s up y’all? It’s been a while. I feel like I always say that. But actually. The last time I posted, I was 34 weeks pregnant. 
Surprise! I have a 15 month old boy now! Shown below is a photo of him a week before he turned 1. He’s cute. He’s sweet. He has no fear. He makes me look like a failure parent because I can’t convince him to have just a little more discernment for the safety of his life.
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Yes... that is the look of sweet, sweet trouble. And I love ALMOST every minute of it.
I have learned much in 15 months. I have learned how insanely hard it is to be a parent, and that if you’re not a parent.. you legitimately have no idea what you’re in for when you become one. It’s worth every tear, every meltdown, every minute of lost sleep, I promise you that. But it is HARD.
You may or may not know... most likely not... that I struggled with Post Partum Depression for MONTHS. 
My ideal birth plan (and if you’re pregnant.. they tell you to have one, but even if it’s as loose and chill as it gets.. it’s still not going to go the way you envisioned it. If it does, well.... must be nice.. but actually, YAY!) ANYWAY.. my ideal birth plan was this... I’d prefer to have a home birth, don’t really want to be induced if at all possible, would love to not have an epidural because... spine needles.. no thanks... and I’d reallllllly like to avoid major surgery... BUT as long as it’s a healthy baby, whatever happens happens.
HERE’S HOW IT WENT:
My water broke 2 weeks early.. exciting.. no induction right? WRONG. Little sir’s head was not engaged in my pelvis. Midwife was worried about Cord Prolapse... aka the Cord coming down before the head. So I didn’t get to have a home birth. I didn’t even get to labour at home. I didn’t get to see if I’d go into labour. I got induced. 5 hours after that I was done. I wanted a c-section and that’s it. No epidural, i give up on natural labour. Cut me open and let’s get this over with. Shut the pitocin down, i am done. 3 hours after they turned off the pitocin, i was lovingly reminded that an epidural happens even if I have a c-section. THREE HOURS. My midwife was confused as to why it didn’t occur to me. Probably because I was in ridiculous amounts of pain. This was about as cold an induction as you can get. SO I get an epidural and they crank up the pitocin. 10 hours later (18 hours total if you’re counting), I have dilated an entire 4 cm, my cervix is swollen (whatever that means) and for my health, I should probably have a c-section.
My boy was born via hospital, induced, epidural present, C-section 19 hours after I was induced... At least 24 hours after my water broke.
You’d think that would be the worst part and everything would be on the up and up. Negative. Boy had a tongue tie, struggled with nursing, many nights of crying and not understanding why he wouldn’t just drink mama’s milk. He got his tongue tie snipped (twice) and I was able to successfully nurse until a couple months ago.
When you’re tired, and you’re struggling with feeding the infant God entrusted to you, life gets very hard, especially if you forget Who’s on your side. I distinctly remember nights crying out to God asking where he was. It was hard.
But isn’t that just life? Life is hard y’all. Life is the definition of a series of unfortunate events. Life is filled with so many things that don’t fit into our ideal life plans. We don’t PLAN to be in debt. we don’t PLAN for being broke. We don’t PLAN for illness, betrayal, disappointment, hurt, tragedy. So when these things come about, we’re surprised by them. 
I’m not saying we should just live in a doom and gloom sort of world. But especially as Christ followers, we’re not promised the puppies and rainbows package. We’re promised trials, we’re promised pain. But we’re promised eternal life after all of the pain this life has to throw at us.
I know that in the midst of the struggle, that’s probably the least effectively encouraging thing to say, but it’s true. A lot of times, we’re put through trials so God can refine us. So God can weed out what’s preventing us from surrendering all of our hearts to Him. So we can put our money where our mouth is. Do we truly trust God? Do we believe He knows what’s best? Do we believe His plan is perfect? Do we believe that He’ll provide for our needs? Do we really put Him above all the enticing things in this world?
God asked Abraham to sacrifice the son he waited FOREVER for. DANG. I mean God’s asked me to give up my stranglehold on snacking, and at times, I treat it like he’s asked me to go to a war torn country where if I speak a word of Jesus, I’ll be shot on the spot. 
Guaranteed sometimes He will ask HARD things. Giving up snacking isn’t hard. Or.. it shouldn’t be, but dangit, snacks are good! Sometimes it will take a huge amount of faith just to take that first step up that hill of obedience, and that’s not even giving up what He’s asked. It’s just the accepting and being willing to give up what He’s asked. 
When I was crying out in the nursery, wondering where God was, He wasn’t missing. He wasn’t leaving me by myself. He was waiting for me to give up my ideals of how life with a baby should be. He was waiting for me to just take it one feed at a time. He was waiting for me to just trust that even in the struggle, He’s in control and He is doing what needs to be done to make me the mother, wife, and Christ follower I need to be in this dark world.
Now I deal with an always hungry toddler who throws tantrums at my feet if I’m in the kitchen, or don’t want to go downstairs. If I didn’t go through the nightly struggles of trying to feed him, I wouldn’t have it in me to be patient in the intentional tantrums. I wouldn’t have the patience to trust Him when we have $4 in our bank account and bills are coming out the next day. He came through, in case you were wondering. We had just enough money come in for our car payment.
I know this post is everywhere. I’m 99% sure there is a limited amount of sense making. But I’m rusty and this is on my mind. 
Life is so hard. But if we just take it one minute at a time, we will start to understand that God’s got us. Even when it seems like everything is falling apart faster than a poorly made piece of Gluten Free bread, God’s got us. He’s got a plan. We just have to take that one small step of obedience and be willing to Trust him no matter the outcome. Things will continue to fall apart, but maybe it won’t seem so overwhelming if we just deal with one minute at a time. Let God be in charge of what happens in the future.
“Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble.” (Matthew 6:34 ESV)
My sweet bear learned to eat properly and efficiently. He thrived and thrives today. Giving up my anxiety over feeding him was the first step to trusting Him in everything else.  
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michellelinkous · 4 years ago
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Parents: Beware these red flags
Pediatric infectious disease specialist Rosemary Olivero, MD, shares warning signs of the inflammatory condition in children that is linked to COVID-19. (Taylor Ballek | Spectrum Health Beat)
It’s a perplexing piece of the COVID-19 pediatric puzzle.
Although children rarely get seriously ill from COVID-19, there appears to be an offshoot that’s more prevalent among young people—a rare Kawasaki disease-like syndrome that causes fever, rashes and an inflammatory process that can be serious. It’s called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).
Rosemary Olivero, MD, section chief for infectious disease at Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, said there are potential links to novel coronavirus infections, but cautioned there is much to be learned about the connection.
“It’s still relatively rare,” Dr. Olivero said.
There are fewer than 100 cases in New York, the area that has the most cases in the United States. There have been 17 cases in Detroit. These are small numbers compared to what the adult world is experiencing. Three children have died in New York.
“But still, this is not a cause for panic,” she said.
Dr. Olivero shares answers to common questions about this rapidly evolving situation.
Q: What risks are associated with MIS-C?
MIS-C is an emerging illness that has been seen in children in Europe and certain parts of the United States that has been linked to current or recent novel coronavirus infections.
“Some of these children have symptoms that are typical for Kawasaki disease, which is a rare but well-known inflammatory condition in children,” Dr. Olivero said.
In some areas of the United States, children and adolescents have come down with a more severe condition similar to a disease process called toxic shock syndrome.
And in Europe, New York and Detroit, there has been an association between recent or current COVID-19 infections and these inflammatory conditions.
“These inflammatory presentations are important to recognize and treat, as children can either become very ill with them, or they can have risk for damage to the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart,” she said.
Q: What are the symptoms?
Inflammatory symptoms in children may occur up to six weeks after exposure to COVID-19, and more typically within two to four weeks.
Watch for a fever of at least 101 degrees for four or five days, a rash anywhere on the body, reddened eyes, swelling of hands and feet, swollen and cracking lips, a beefy red tongue that can look like a strawberry, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Also watch for behavioral changes, such as increased irritability.
Older children may present with a fever for two or three days, a rash and diarrhea.
Q: What should I do if my child has some of these symptoms?
Call your pediatrician’s office immediately, or visit the emergency department.
“We’re recommending that children with these symptoms seek medical care that day,” Dr. Olivero said. “It doesn’t mean they will be diagnosed with Kawasaki disease or MIS-C, but these children need to be assessed and followed very closely to make sure it doesn’t turn into one of these more severe cases.”
“Immediate treatment is key,” she said. “Possible treatment includes pooled antibodies from blood donors that offers potent anti-inflammatory properties.”
Q: Is this kind of like a children’s version of COVID-19?
The vast majority of children who have become infected with COVID-19 have had a mild form of what adults have: fever, cough and shortness of breath. Most children haven’t required hospital care.
Similar to how there are some adults who experience more severe inflammatory responses to COVID-19, we now are seeing that a very small subset of children also have severe inflammatory responses to this virus.
“What I mean by inflammatory response is a virus, like many other types of germs, sets off the immune system in an exaggerated way, and usually this means that the virus itself is not doing as much damage to the body as the inflammatory response,” Dr. Olivero said.
“For MIS-C, this happens because a child has a genetic predisposition to developing the condition, then the virus triggers the condition.”
Q: Do underlying health conditions play a role in this?
For the cases of MIS-C reported so far, underlying conditions do not seem to be a significant risk factor.
Otherwise healthy children can develop this condition.
Q: How rare is this?
At the moment, it appears this condition is rare. There are about 100 cases confirmed to be linked to COVID-19 in the United States, and that number changes often.
So, compared to what we are observing in adults, this is extremely rare in children.
Q: What precautions can parents of young children put in place?
Following the current public health guidance for limited exposure and spread of the novel coronavirus is your best defense.
“At this time, no additional preventive measures for children are needed, but parents and pediatric providers need to be aware of the condition so that prompt medical attention can be provided,” Dr. Olivero said.
Q: What does testing for this look like?
Children who have symptoms for MIS-C should get medical care immediately.
“Your pediatrician or the medical providers in the emergency department will do a thorough exam of the child’s body to look for clinical signs of this condition,” Dr. Olivero said. “Blood and urine will be sent for labs, which can help confirm these potential diagnoses, and also help to decide if the child needs to be treated in the hospital.”
Q: What is the prognosis for children who experience pediatric inflammatory issues?
These conditions are treatable.
Treatment usually involves multiple pediatric specialists with expertise in treating these inflammatory conditions, as well as hospital-based pediatricians, intensive care unit physicians and cardiologists.
“If the condition is diagnosed and treated promptly, children will recover,” Dr. Olivero said. “There have been a few deaths in children related to this condition, but I do not think this warrants panic. As we are learning more about this condition and treating it effectively, children should be able to survive and recover.”
Parents: Beware these red flags published first on https://smartdrinkingweb.tumblr.com/
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gordonwilliamsweb · 4 years ago
Text
Parents: Beware these red flags
Pediatric infectious disease specialist Rosemary Olivero, MD, shares warning signs of the inflammatory condition in children that is linked to COVID-19. (Taylor Ballek | Spectrum Health Beat)
It’s a perplexing piece of the COVID-19 pediatric puzzle.
Although children rarely get seriously ill from COVID-19, there appears to be an offshoot that’s more prevalent among young people—a rare Kawasaki disease-like syndrome that causes fever, rashes and an inflammatory process that can be serious. It’s called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).
Rosemary Olivero, MD, section chief for infectious disease at Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, said there are potential links to novel coronavirus infections, but cautioned there is much to be learned about the connection.
“It’s still relatively rare,” Dr. Olivero said.
There are fewer than 100 cases in New York, the area that has the most cases in the United States. There have been 17 cases in Detroit. These are small numbers compared to what the adult world is experiencing. Three children have died in New York.
“But still, this is not a cause for panic,” she said.
Dr. Olivero shares answers to common questions about this rapidly evolving situation.
Q: What risks are associated with MIS-C?
MIS-C is an emerging illness that has been seen in children in Europe and certain parts of the United States that has been linked to current or recent novel coronavirus infections.
“Some of these children have symptoms that are typical for Kawasaki disease, which is a rare but well-known inflammatory condition in children,” Dr. Olivero said.
In some areas of the United States, children and adolescents have come down with a more severe condition similar to a disease process called toxic shock syndrome.
And in Europe, New York and Detroit, there has been an association between recent or current COVID-19 infections and these inflammatory conditions.
“These inflammatory presentations are important to recognize and treat, as children can either become very ill with them, or they can have risk for damage to the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart,” she said.
Q: What are the symptoms?
Inflammatory symptoms in children may occur up to six weeks after exposure to COVID-19, and more typically within two to four weeks.
Watch for a fever of at least 101 degrees for four or five days, a rash anywhere on the body, reddened eyes, swelling of hands and feet, swollen and cracking lips, a beefy red tongue that can look like a strawberry, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Also watch for behavioral changes, such as increased irritability.
Older children may present with a fever for two or three days, a rash and diarrhea.
Q: What should I do if my child has some of these symptoms?
Call your pediatrician’s office immediately, or visit the emergency department.
“We’re recommending that children with these symptoms seek medical care that day,” Dr. Olivero said. “It doesn’t mean they will be diagnosed with Kawasaki disease or MIS-C, but these children need to be assessed and followed very closely to make sure it doesn’t turn into one of these more severe cases.”
“Immediate treatment is key,” she said. “Possible treatment includes pooled antibodies from blood donors that offers potent anti-inflammatory properties.”
Q: Is this kind of like a children’s version of COVID-19?
The vast majority of children who have become infected with COVID-19 have had a mild form of what adults have: fever, cough and shortness of breath. Most children haven’t required hospital care.
Similar to how there are some adults who experience more severe inflammatory responses to COVID-19, we now are seeing that a very small subset of children also have severe inflammatory responses to this virus.
“What I mean by inflammatory response is a virus, like many other types of germs, sets off the immune system in an exaggerated way, and usually this means that the virus itself is not doing as much damage to the body as the inflammatory response,” Dr. Olivero said.
“For MIS-C, this happens because a child has a genetic predisposition to developing the condition, then the virus triggers the condition.”
Q: Do underlying health conditions play a role in this?
For the cases of MIS-C reported so far, underlying conditions do not seem to be a significant risk factor.
Otherwise healthy children can develop this condition.
Q: How rare is this?
At the moment, it appears this condition is rare. There are about 100 cases confirmed to be linked to COVID-19 in the United States, and that number changes often.
So, compared to what we are observing in adults, this is extremely rare in children.
Q: What precautions can parents of young children put in place?
Following the current public health guidance for limited exposure and spread of the novel coronavirus is your best defense.
“At this time, no additional preventive measures for children are needed, but parents and pediatric providers need to be aware of the condition so that prompt medical attention can be provided,” Dr. Olivero said.
Q: What does testing for this look like?
Children who have symptoms for MIS-C should get medical care immediately.
“Your pediatrician or the medical providers in the emergency department will do a thorough exam of the child’s body to look for clinical signs of this condition,” Dr. Olivero said. “Blood and urine will be sent for labs, which can help confirm these potential diagnoses, and also help to decide if the child needs to be treated in the hospital.”
Q: What is the prognosis for children who experience pediatric inflammatory issues?
These conditions are treatable.
Treatment usually involves multiple pediatric specialists with expertise in treating these inflammatory conditions, as well as hospital-based pediatricians, intensive care unit physicians and cardiologists.
“If the condition is diagnosed and treated promptly, children will recover,” Dr. Olivero said. “There have been a few deaths in children related to this condition, but I do not think this warrants panic. As we are learning more about this condition and treating it effectively, children should be able to survive and recover.”
Parents: Beware these red flags published first on https://nootropicspowdersupplier.tumblr.com/
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josephkitchen0 · 6 years ago
Text
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Flock
By Laurie Ball-Gisch – “What does a bloated sheep look like?” was the question on the phone late Sunday evening. The question brought back some nightmarish images to my mind from the first time I saw sheep bloat: Walking out in the early spring evening to discover a ewe just outside the barnyard gates, upside down with stomach “bloated” (distended, taut like a drum) and her four legs straight up in the air. Green froth was coming out of her nostrils and mouth and she was dead.
Fast forward 12 hours: Walk out to the barn to check for eggs and turn to see a ewe in the corner of the barn upside down, same position, same image. But not believing my eyes! How could I have another dead ewe?
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To answer the phone caller’s question I wanted to say “Sheep bloat usually looks like dead.” (But sheep bloat can also look like “cast” — when a sheep ends up on its back and cannot “right” itself-and sometimes it’s hard to tell whether the sheep bloated and then cast, or cast and then bloated. I guess it doesn’t really matter, since it usually means a dead animal either way.)
This suffolk sheep‘s rumen bloated from alfalfa pastures, wet with dew.
What is Sheep Bloat?
In the simplest of explanations, sheep bloat is an excess of gases in the rumen of sheep. And it should always be considered an emergency situation. Sheep bloat is usually caused by lush pastures heavy in legumes-clover, alfalfa-the gases in their rumen cannot escape fast enough. These rapidly fermenting foods produce gases more quickly than sheep can digest.
From a sheep book written in 1947 called Sheep Science: “Certain sheep bloat to some extent on almost any kind of feed. Bloating is characterized by great distention of the upper left side of the abdomen…”
Sheep Bloat in Bottle Lambs
Nursing lambs seldom bloat (although too much rich milk from the dam can cause acidosis), but bottle fed lambs can bloat.
The following “recipe” is posted on my website, and I received an e-mail from a shepherdess in Scotland one evening who wrote that she had a bottle lamb exhibiting frothy sheep bloat and in desperation, she did an internet search for a solution. The search engine brought up my webpage about sheep bloat. She said she mixed up the formula, administered it to the lamb, and the lamb was saved.
Mix 1/2 teaspoon of ground ginger with 2 tablespoons of water and then shoot it down the throat of the lamb with a syringe. (I regret that I do not remember the source for this treatment).
How to Identify Sheep Bloat
From Dr. David C. Henderson’s The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers we learn the clinical signs of sheep bloat: “If bloated sheep are still on their feet when found, they may stand very stiffly with their legs wide apart. They may pant excessively and stagger about if moved. They urinate and attempt to dung frequently. A swelling will be seen in the animal’s left flank and also on the right side in advanced cases. The pressure of the swollen rumen presses on the diaphragm, causing difficulty in breathing and finally suffocation and heart failure.”
Very often a bloated sheep will also have droopy ears and a glassy look to its eyes.
Dr. Henderson goes on to say: “Prevention is difficult since many of the methods advocated are impractical. Restricting grazing time or total avoidance of suspect or obviously dangerous pastures is the safest approach.”
Those dangerous pastures-those killing fields-are also those that can produce the best lambs and stock more sheep. Dangerous pastures are those richest in alfalfa or clovers, those pastures that best nourish lactating ewes in the spring. Ewes with such a lush diet produce abundant and rich milk for their lambs.
Fortunately (or unfortunately) the pastures that surround our farm are very productive, very improved hay fields with as much as 50 percent alfalfa and clover. As we continue to fence the fields outward, every new section of fencing means more vigilance to keep the flock safe from bloating. Over a couple of seasons, the sheep eventually eat down the alfalfa so the problem in our older pastures is less acute.
“Several contributing causes of sheep bloat include: an inherited tendency for bloat, certain proteins in forage, the amount and rate of roughage intake, the coarseness of the roughage, the rumen microbial population and enlargement of the lymph nodes between the lungs which compress the esophagus or interfere with the function of the vagus nerves.” (Herrick, p. 99).
Unfortunately many times one discovers a bloated sheep, it is too late to save the creature from this quick-moving sheep illness. But, like all things that sheep teach us (if we pay attention and learn our lessons) we can learn to recognize danger zones for sheep bloat and keep remedies on hand that can help to thwart a death should one discover a sheep early enough to save it.
Bloat management and prevention is something that can be achieved if the shepherd has the time to turn sheep out several times per day, for very short periods of time. It takes about 10 days to change over the bacteria in the rumen (especially crucial when going from winter hay feeding to putting sheep on fresh spring pasture).
Keeping that time frame in mind, one approach is to try to get sheep to fill up on hay in the early morning and turn them out onto the pasture for periods as little as 10 minutes, several times a day.
However, once sheep taste fresh spring grasses, they will be more reluctant to eat the dry hay. It is important to gradually increase the exposure to pasture to give rumens time to adjust to the new, lusher forage. This is time-consuming, and moving sheep back in when they are eager to eat that fresh green grass is not easy to do. This is one of the reasons we now have Icelandic sheepdogs-to help us move the sheep off spring pastures several times a day.
It is also suggested to not allow sheep onto pastures until after the morning dew is burned off by the sun. What is problematic for us here in mid-Michigan is that our early spring and summer is usually very wet, with frequent rains, keeping the pasture moisture content high. Some argue that it is the wet lush pastures that cause sheep bloat, while others say that moisture content is not the issue. Most recommendations will be that mixed pastures are safer. And if you do have alfalfa and clover, limit them to less than a 50% concentration. Sowing fields with an alternative legume, birdsfoot trefoil has been recommended, as it supposedly does not cause sheep bloat problems that the other legumes are known for. We will be trying this strategy the next time we need to reseed our pastures.
It’s important to know that sheep can bloat on hay too, especially risky is a sudden change to a hay that is heavy with alfalfa and/or clover. In making any changes to sheeps’ diets, always make the changes slowly and gradually.
(Also note that rams-especially ram lambs-can be at risk when eating too much alfalfa; a diet too high in protein can cause “pizzle rot,” and too much calcium can produce kidney stones).
Stress Causes Sheep Bloat, Too
Even when sheep have been eating just hay, they can bloat due to some other stressor.
One spring morning I was giving a tour of the farm with some elderly ladies from a local garden club. When we walked through the greenhouse (which is next to the barn and pastures) I saw a ewe come out of the barn with green foam coming out of her mouth and her rumen drastically distended. I turned to the ladies and said, “I’m sorry, I have an emergency situation here.”
I then ran to the house, got the sheep bloat remedy, and miraculously was able to catch the ewe (another key to the equation of saving their lives). Then I straddled her, administering the sheep bloat formula orally for about 20 minutes, allowing her time to swallow and absorb the liquid. All the time I was acutely aware of the women in the greenhouse gaping at me through the glass as they observed my life-saving ministrations. The ewe did survive sheep bloat, but I also kept an eye on her the rest of the day, put her into an area where she couldn’t eat anything else and when she would lie down, I would make her get up and walk around.
The only thing different about the bloated ewe’s environment that day was that it was early May; she was not on pasture and her hay had not changed. The temperatures had been in the 40s with rain. That day the temperature had suddenly soared to the 80s and the sun came out. I believe it was the stress of the sudden heat wave that put her rumen into distress.
This past summer, which was especially hot and humid, with many, many days in the mid to upper 90s, we had a ewe come up from pasture about midday, clearly bloating. I was out of town, but my husband and father-in-law saw her and did treat her with the sheep bloat formula. Unfortunately, the stress of the very dangerous heat and humidity of that day resulted in her eventual death a few hours later. The sheep had been on free-range pasture for two months and so it was not a case of forage bloat due to legumes.
Fighting Sheep Bloat
Prevention is obviously desired, but even the most vigilant of shepherds lose sheep to bloat. Most frustrating for me with the bloat problems we have had is that I have been very aware of the dangers of pasturing sheep in early spring. I have always limited their exposure to lush spring grasses. They are allowed 15 minutes to graze and brought back in. I will do this several times a day, gradually increasing their grazing time. So it wasn’t like I just said one morning “Ok, pastures are ready, here you go girls,” opened a gate and let them have at it. I was vigilant, but obviously not enough for some of the sheep.
I now really believe that there is a genetic proponent to bloat. We have noted that bloat can run in family lines. The daughter and granddaughter of that first ewe that I lost to bloat ended up bloating in subsequent summers on another farm (which incidentally did not have any alfalfa in their fields).
One shepherd I know has described the sheep that tend to bloat as the “gobblers” or those most greedy sheep who run from plant to plant taking just the flower tops (or the sheep candy) instead of consuming the rest of the plant. Knowing this you can observe your ewes as they go to new pasture. Pay attention to their eating habits. Those that are running from plant to plant may be the ones you will have to keep a closer eye on. Those that pick a spot and just eat slowly and steadily usually have a bit more sense about what’s good for them.
One summer we opened up a new field in August (well after the sheep had been free grazing for several months already). Knowing there was a new concentration of alfalfa and clover in those ungrazed areas, I let the ewes and lambs onto that section for 30 minutes and brought them back up to the barnyard. I had to leave the farm for an hour and when I came back, I discovered one of the adult ewes upside down, dead of bloat.
As if that wasn’t bad enough, later that evening I discovered one of the ewe lambs circling, showing classic symptoms of “polio” (polioencephalomalacia).
“Evidence implicates a condition called acidosis. A shift in the acid state of the rumen may bring on this condition. The shift produces an enzyme that blocks thiamin reactions, which in turn result in a build-up of chemicals that destroy central nervous system tissues. Others say acids build up in the blood and irritate the nervous system.” (Lawson, pg 121).
This was the one and only case of polio we’ve ever encountered in six years and the coincidence of this lamb having been on the new lush pasture, coupled with the bloat death of the adult ewe, led me to conclude that the lamb suffered acidosis from the lush pasture, resulting in a sudden thiamin deficiency. Polio “…happens most often when lambs are rapidly placed on readily fermentable carbohydrates as is found in grain concentrates. Occasionally, it can happen when animals are changed to lush pasture after being on over-grazed pastures.” (Lawson, pg 121)
Although we treated her “by the book” for the polio symptoms, she died the next day.
Sheep can also bloat due to incorrect grain feeding. If you are wondering what to feed sheep to avoid blot, here’s some guidance. When adding grain to their diet, it’s important to add it very gradually. Laura Lawson (pg 46-45-47) distinguishes between “rumen bloat” (caused by grazing on lush legume) and “abomasal bloat” (most often found in lambs who haven’t yet developed their rumen to its full potential.) She also distinguishes between “free-gas bloat” and “frothy bloat” and goes into much detail about how to tell the type of bloats and how to treat them. I highly recommend every sheep breeder get a copy of both of her books. (These books are available from the sheep! bookstore on page 42.)
It’s very important to store any grain containers well away from the sheep so that they can never get into them. I’ve heard of sheep escaping their fencing only to find their way to the storage areas and gorge on grains around the farm and eating their way to a painful, bloated death.
Treating Sheep Bloat
Treatment of bloating sheep consists of measures that will stop the formation of additional gas and will assist in the removal of the gases already present.
I keep on hand bottles of “Bloat Gard” that I purchase commercially. This is one that I like the best because it’s ready to use and all I have to do is catch the suffering sheep and get them to swallow the bloat remedy-giving them the entire bottle.
There is also another product that requires pre-mixing before administering. And there are also many different home remedies for treating bloat. Be sure to consult your sheep books or your veterinarian. They will recommend other methods that may include forcing a hose down the gullet and in extreme emergency situations, a hole can be made in the rumen to let gases escape.
Mike Neary, Extension Sheep Specialist at Purdue University published an article that is on the internet at http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/articles/pasbloat.html. He recommends the following:
“Treat bloated sheep with care. The build-up of pressure in the rumen can actually cause a partial collapse of the lungs. Furthermore, blood from the body is forced out of the body cavity to the extremities and can cause a form of acidosis. Thus, stressing these animals complicates the situation.
“If animals can be caught, use a stomach tube to help release free ruminal gas. Also, mild agitation of ruminal contents can aid in the release of the trapped gas bubbles. Mineral or vegetable oils can be used as antifoaming agents and help release gas. Treatment with commercially available anti-bloating agents can also be done at this time.
“Some people will actually use a rumenotomy (puncturing the rumen-located high on the left side of the lumbar region in severe bloat cases) in severe, life-threatening situations. This procedure is not for the weak stomached, as the pressure will result in the expulsion of a significant amount of the rumen contents. Also, the area will need to be cleaned and sutured after the rumenotomy is performed.”
I would never wish any shepherd to experience the death of a beloved (or not so beloved) sheep from bloat. I hope that you never have to see what bloat looks like. But do try to recognize the symptoms of healthy ruminating sheep so that you are able to also recognize signs of ruminant distress. And keep on hand some remedies so if an emergency should arrive, you can quickly react and hopefully save an animal.
Sources:
Henderson, David C., The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers. Farming Press, United Kingdom, 1990, pg 409-411.
Herrick, Dr. John B. Prescriptions for Healthy Farm Animals. A Farmer’s Digest Publication, Brookfield, WI. 1991, pg 99-101.
Kammlade, William G., Sheep Science. J.B. Lippincott Co., 1947, pg. 461.
Lawson, Laura. Detecting, Diagnosing, Treating Lamb Problems. LDF Publications, Culpeper, Virginia, pg 121.
Neary, Mike. “Preventing Pasture Bloat in Sheep” from Internet website of Purdue University, taken from the article that was originally published in The Working Border Collie, Inc., Jan/Feb. 1997.
Published in sheep! March / April 2006 and regularly vetted for accuracy.
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Flock was originally posted by All About Chickens
0 notes
josephkitchen0 · 6 years ago
Text
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd
By Laurie Ball-Gisch – “What does a bloated sheep look like?” was the question on the phone late Sunday evening. The question brought back some nightmarish images to my mind from the first time I saw sheep bloat: Walking out in the early spring evening to discover a ewe just outside the barnyard gates, upside down with stomach “bloated” (distended, taut like a drum) and her four legs straight up in the air. Green froth was coming out of her nostrils and mouth and she was dead.
Fast forward 12 hours: Walk out to the barn to check for eggs and turn to see a ewe in the corner of the barn upside down, same position, same image. But not believing my eyes! How could I have another dead ewe?
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To answer the phone caller’s question I wanted to say “Sheep bloat usually looks like dead.” (But sheep bloat can also look like “cast” — when a sheep ends up on its back and cannot “right” itself-and sometimes it’s hard to tell whether the sheep bloated and then cast, or cast and then bloated. I guess it doesn’t really matter, since it usually means a dead animal either way.)
This suffolk sheep‘s rumen bloated from alfalfa pastures, wet with dew.
What is Sheep Bloat?
In the simplest of explanations, sheep bloat is an excess of gases in the rumen of sheep. And it should always be considered an emergency situation. Sheep bloat is usually caused by lush pastures heavy in legumes-clover, alfalfa-the gases in their rumen cannot escape fast enough. These rapidly fermenting foods produce gases more quickly than sheep can digest.
From a sheep book written in 1947 called Sheep Science: “Certain sheep bloat to some extent on almost any kind of feed. Bloating is characterized by great distention of the upper left side of the abdomen…”
Sheep Bloat in Bottle Lambs
Nursing lambs seldom bloat (although too much rich milk from the dam can cause acidosis), but bottle fed lambs can bloat.
The following “recipe” is posted on my website, and I received an e-mail from a shepherdess in Scotland one evening who wrote that she had a bottle lamb exhibiting frothy sheep bloat and in desperation, she did an internet search for a solution. The search engine brought up my webpage about sheep bloat. She said she mixed up the formula, administered it to the lamb, and the lamb was saved.
Mix 1/2 teaspoon of ground ginger with 2 tablespoons of water and then shoot it down the throat of the lamb with a syringe. (I regret that I do not remember the source for this treatment).
How to Identify Sheep Bloat
From Dr. David C. Henderson’s The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers we learn the clinical signs of sheep bloat: “If bloated sheep are still on their feet when found, they may stand very stiffly with their legs wide apart. They may pant excessively and stagger about if moved. They urinate and attempt to dung frequently. A swelling will be seen in the animal’s left flank and also on the right side in advanced cases. The pressure of the swollen rumen presses on the diaphragm, causing difficulty in breathing and finally suffocation and heart failure.”
Very often a bloated sheep will also have droopy ears and a glassy look to its eyes.
Dr. Henderson goes on to say: “Prevention is difficult since many of the methods advocated are impractical. Restricting grazing time or total avoidance of suspect or obviously dangerous pastures is the safest approach.”
Those dangerous pastures-those killing fields-are also those that can produce the best lambs and stock more sheep. Dangerous pastures are those richest in alfalfa or clovers, those pastures that best nourish lactating ewes in the spring. Ewes with such a lush diet produce abundant and rich milk for their lambs.
Fortunately (or unfortunately) the pastures that surround our farm are very productive, very improved hay fields with as much as 50 percent alfalfa and clover. As we continue to fence the fields outward, every new section of fencing means more vigilance to keep the flock safe from bloating. Over a couple of seasons, the sheep eventually eat down the alfalfa so the problem in our older pastures is less acute.
“Several contributing causes of sheep bloat include: an inherited tendency for bloat, certain proteins in forage, the amount and rate of roughage intake, the coarseness of the roughage, the rumen microbial population and enlargement of the lymph nodes between the lungs which compress the esophagus or interfere with the function of the vagus nerves.” (Herrick, p. 99).
Unfortunately many times one discovers a bloated sheep, it is too late to save the creature from this quick-moving sheep illness. But, like all things that sheep teach us (if we pay attention and learn our lessons) we can learn to recognize danger zones for sheep bloat and keep remedies on hand that can help to thwart a death should one discover a sheep early enough to save it.
Bloat management and prevention is something that can be achieved if the shepherd has the time to turn sheep out several times per day, for very short periods of time. It takes about 10 days to change over the bacteria in the rumen (especially crucial when going from winter hay feeding to putting sheep on fresh spring pasture).
Keeping that time frame in mind, one approach is to try to get sheep to fill up on hay in the early morning and turn them out onto the pasture for periods as little as 10 minutes, several times a day.
However, once sheep taste fresh spring grasses, they will be more reluctant to eat the dry hay. It is important to gradually increase the exposure to pasture to give rumens time to adjust to the new, lusher forage. This is time-consuming, and moving sheep back in when they are eager to eat that fresh green grass is not easy to do. This is one of the reasons we now have Icelandic sheepdogs-to help us move the sheep off spring pastures several times a day.
It is also suggested to not allow sheep onto pastures until after the morning dew is burned off by the sun. What is problematic for us here in mid-Michigan is that our early spring and summer is usually very wet, with frequent rains, keeping the pasture moisture content high. Some argue that it is the wet lush pastures that cause sheep bloat, while others say that moisture content is not the issue. Most recommendations will be that mixed pastures are safer. And if you do have alfalfa and clover, limit them to less than a 50% concentration. Sowing fields with an alternative legume, birdsfoot trefoil has been recommended, as it supposedly does not cause sheep bloat problems that the other legumes are known for. We will be trying this strategy the next time we need to reseed our pastures.
It’s important to know that sheep can bloat on hay too, especially risky is a sudden change to a hay that is heavy with alfalfa and/or clover. In making any changes to sheeps’ diets, always make the changes slowly and gradually.
(Also note that rams-especially ram lambs-can be at risk when eating too much alfalfa; a diet too high in protein can cause “pizzle rot,” and too much calcium can produce kidney stones).
Stress Causes Sheep Bloat, Too
Even when sheep have been eating just hay, they can bloat due to some other stressor.
One spring morning I was giving a tour of the farm with some elderly ladies from a local garden club. When we walked through the greenhouse (which is next to the barn and pastures) I saw a ewe come out of the barn with green foam coming out of her mouth and her rumen drastically distended. I turned to the ladies and said, “I’m sorry, I have an emergency situation here.”
I then ran to the house, got the sheep bloat remedy, and miraculously was able to catch the ewe (another key to the equation of saving their lives). Then I straddled her, administering the sheep bloat formula orally for about 20 minutes, allowing her time to swallow and absorb the liquid. All the time I was acutely aware of the women in the greenhouse gaping at me through the glass as they observed my life-saving ministrations. The ewe did survive sheep bloat, but I also kept an eye on her the rest of the day, put her into an area where she couldn’t eat anything else and when she would lie down, I would make her get up and walk around.
The only thing different about the bloated ewe’s environment that day was that it was early May; she was not on pasture and her hay had not changed. The temperatures had been in the 40s with rain. That day the temperature had suddenly soared to the 80s and the sun came out. I believe it was the stress of the sudden heat wave that put her rumen into distress.
This past summer, which was especially hot and humid, with many, many days in the mid to upper 90s, we had a ewe come up from pasture about midday, clearly bloating. I was out of town, but my husband and father-in-law saw her and did treat her with the sheep bloat formula. Unfortunately, the stress of the very dangerous heat and humidity of that day resulted in her eventual death a few hours later. The sheep had been on free-range pasture for two months and so it was not a case of forage bloat due to legumes.
Fighting Sheep Bloat
Prevention is obviously desired, but even the most vigilant of shepherds lose sheep to bloat. Most frustrating for me with the bloat problems we have had is that I have been very aware of the dangers of pasturing sheep in early spring. I have always limited their exposure to lush spring grasses. They are allowed 15 minutes to graze and brought back in. I will do this several times a day, gradually increasing their grazing time. So it wasn’t like I just said one morning “Ok, pastures are ready, here you go girls,” opened a gate and let them have at it. I was vigilant, but obviously not enough for some of the sheep.
I now really believe that there is a genetic proponent to bloat. We have noted that bloat can run in family lines. The daughter and granddaughter of that first ewe that I lost to bloat ended up bloating in subsequent summers on another farm (which incidentally did not have any alfalfa in their fields).
One shepherd I know has described the sheep that tend to bloat as the “gobblers” or those most greedy sheep who run from plant to plant taking just the flower tops (or the sheep candy) instead of consuming the rest of the plant. Knowing this you can observe your ewes as they go to new pasture. Pay attention to their eating habits. Those that are running from plant to plant may be the ones you will have to keep a closer eye on. Those that pick a spot and just eat slowly and steadily usually have a bit more sense about what’s good for them.
One summer we opened up a new field in August (well after the sheep had been free grazing for several months already). Knowing there was a new concentration of alfalfa and clover in those ungrazed areas, I let the ewes and lambs onto that section for 30 minutes and brought them back up to the barnyard. I had to leave the farm for an hour and when I came back, I discovered one of the adult ewes upside down, dead of bloat.
As if that wasn’t bad enough, later that evening I discovered one of the ewe lambs circling, showing classic symptoms of “polio” (polioencephalomalacia).
“Evidence implicates a condition called acidosis. A shift in the acid state of the rumen may bring on this condition. The shift produces an enzyme that blocks thiamin reactions, which in turn result in a build-up of chemicals that destroy central nervous system tissues. Others say acids build up in the blood and irritate the nervous system.” (Lawson, pg 121).
This was the one and only case of polio we’ve ever encountered in six years and the coincidence of this lamb having been on the new lush pasture, coupled with the bloat death of the adult ewe, led me to conclude that the lamb suffered acidosis from the lush pasture, resulting in a sudden thiamin deficiency. Polio “…happens most often when lambs are rapidly placed on readily fermentable carbohydrates as is found in grain concentrates. Occasionally, it can happen when animals are changed to lush pasture after being on over-grazed pastures.” (Lawson, pg 121)
Although we treated her “by the book” for the polio symptoms, she died the next day.
Sheep can also bloat due to incorrect grain feeding. If you are wondering what to feed sheep to avoid blot, here’s some guidance. When adding grain to their diet, it’s important to add it very gradually. Laura Lawson (pg 46-45-47) distinguishes between “rumen bloat” (caused by grazing on lush legume) and “abomasal bloat” (most often found in lambs who haven’t yet developed their rumen to its full potential.) She also distinguishes between “free-gas bloat” and “frothy bloat” and goes into much detail about how to tell the type of bloats and how to treat them. I highly recommend every sheep breeder get a copy of both of her books. (These books are available from the sheep! bookstore on page 42.)
It’s very important to store any grain containers well away from the sheep so that they can never get into them. I’ve heard of sheep escaping their fencing only to find their way to the storage areas and gorge on grains around the farm and eating their way to a painful, bloated death.
Treating Sheep Bloat
Treatment of bloating sheep consists of measures that will stop the formation of additional gas and will assist in the removal of the gases already present.
I keep on hand bottles of “Bloat Gard” that I purchase commercially. This is one that I like the best because it’s ready to use and all I have to do is catch the suffering sheep and get them to swallow the bloat remedy-giving them the entire bottle.
There is also another product that requires pre-mixing before administering. And there are also many different home remedies for treating bloat. Be sure to consult your sheep books or your veterinarian. They will recommend other methods that may include forcing a hose down the gullet and in extreme emergency situations, a hole can be made in the rumen to let gases escape.
Mike Neary, Extension Sheep Specialist at Purdue University published an article that is on the internet at http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/articles/pasbloat.html. He recommends the following:
“Treat bloated sheep with care. The build-up of pressure in the rumen can actually cause a partial collapse of the lungs. Furthermore, blood from the body is forced out of the body cavity to the extremities and can cause a form of acidosis. Thus, stressing these animals complicates the situation.
“If animals can be caught, use a stomach tube to help release free ruminal gas. Also, mild agitation of ruminal contents can aid in the release of the trapped gas bubbles. Mineral or vegetable oils can be used as antifoaming agents and help release gas. Treatment with commercially available anti-bloating agents can also be done at this time.
“Some people will actually use a rumenotomy (puncturing the rumen-located high on the left side of the lumbar region in severe bloat cases) in severe, life-threatening situations. This procedure is not for the weak stomached, as the pressure will result in the expulsion of a significant amount of the rumen contents. Also, the area will need to be cleaned and sutured after the rumenotomy is performed.”
I would never wish any shepherd to experience the death of a beloved (or not so beloved) sheep from bloat. I hope that you never have to see what bloat looks like. But do try to recognize the symptoms of healthy ruminating sheep so that you are able to also recognize signs of ruminant distress. And keep on hand some remedies so if an emergency should arrive, you can quickly react and hopefully save an animal.
Sources:
Henderson, David C., The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers. Farming Press, United Kingdom, 1990, pg 409-411.
Herrick, Dr. John B. Prescriptions for Healthy Farm Animals. A Farmer’s Digest Publication, Brookfield, WI. 1991, pg 99-101.
Kammlade, William G., Sheep Science. J.B. Lippincott Co., 1947, pg. 461.
Lawson, Laura. Detecting, Diagnosing, Treating Lamb Problems. LDF Publications, Culpeper, Virginia, pg 121.
Neary, Mike. “Preventing Pasture Bloat in Sheep” from Internet website of Purdue University, taken from the article that was originally published in The Working Border Collie, Inc., Jan/Feb. 1997.
Published in sheep! March / April 2006 and regularly vetted for accuracy.
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd was originally posted by All About Chickens
0 notes
josephkitchen0 · 6 years ago
Text
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd
By Laurie Ball-Gisch – “What does a bloated sheep look like?” was the question on the phone late Sunday evening. The question brought back some nightmarish images to my mind from the first time I saw sheep bloat: Walking out in the early spring evening to discover a ewe just outside the barnyard gates, upside down with stomach “bloated” (distended, taut like a drum) and her four legs straight up in the air. Green froth was coming out of her nostrils and mouth and she was dead.
Fast forward 12 hours: Walk out to the barn to check for eggs and turn to see a ewe in the corner of the barn upside down, same position, same image. But not believing my eyes! How could I have another dead ewe?
Ready to Start Your Own Backyard Flock?
Get tips and tricks for starting your new flock from our chicken experts. Download your FREE guide today! YES! I want this Free Guide »
To answer the phone caller’s question I wanted to say “Sheep bloat usually looks like dead.” (But sheep bloat can also look like “cast” — when a sheep ends up on its back and cannot “right” itself-and sometimes it’s hard to tell whether the sheep bloated and then cast, or cast and then bloated. I guess it doesn’t really matter, since it usually means a dead animal either way.)
This suffolk sheep‘s rumen bloated from alfalfa pastures, wet with dew.
What is Sheep Bloat?
In the simplest of explanations, sheep bloat is an excess of gases in the rumen of sheep. And it should always be considered an emergency situation. Sheep bloat is usually caused by lush pastures heavy in legumes-clover, alfalfa-the gases in their rumen cannot escape fast enough. These rapidly fermenting foods produce gases more quickly than sheep can digest.
From a sheep book written in 1947 called Sheep Science: “Certain sheep bloat to some extent on almost any kind of feed. Bloating is characterized by great distention of the upper left side of the abdomen…”
Sheep Bloat in Bottle Lambs
Nursing lambs seldom bloat (although too much rich milk from the dam can cause acidosis), but bottle fed lambs can bloat.
The following “recipe” is posted on my website, and I received an e-mail from a shepherdess in Scotland one evening who wrote that she had a bottle lamb exhibiting frothy sheep bloat and in desperation, she did an internet search for a solution. The search engine brought up my webpage about sheep bloat. She said she mixed up the formula, administered it to the lamb, and the lamb was saved.
Mix 1/2 teaspoon of ground ginger with 2 tablespoons of water and then shoot it down the throat of the lamb with a syringe. (I regret that I do not remember the source for this treatment).
How to Identify Sheep Bloat
From Dr. David C. Henderson’s The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers we learn the clinical signs of sheep bloat: “If bloated sheep are still on their feet when found, they may stand very stiffly with their legs wide apart. They may pant excessively and stagger about if moved. They urinate and attempt to dung frequently. A swelling will be seen in the animal’s left flank and also on the right side in advanced cases. The pressure of the swollen rumen presses on the diaphragm, causing difficulty in breathing and finally suffocation and heart failure.”
Very often a bloated sheep will also have droopy ears and a glassy look to its eyes.
Dr. Henderson goes on to say: “Prevention is difficult since many of the methods advocated are impractical. Restricting grazing time or total avoidance of suspect or obviously dangerous pastures is the safest approach.”
Those dangerous pastures-those killing fields-are also those that can produce the best lambs and stock more sheep. Dangerous pastures are those richest in alfalfa or clovers, those pastures that best nourish lactating ewes in the spring. Ewes with such a lush diet produce abundant and rich milk for their lambs.
Fortunately (or unfortunately) the pastures that surround our farm are very productive, very improved hay fields with as much as 50 percent alfalfa and clover. As we continue to fence the fields outward, every new section of fencing means more vigilance to keep the flock safe from bloating. Over a couple of seasons, the sheep eventually eat down the alfalfa so the problem in our older pastures is less acute.
“Several contributing causes of sheep bloat include: an inherited tendency for bloat, certain proteins in forage, the amount and rate of roughage intake, the coarseness of the roughage, the rumen microbial population and enlargement of the lymph nodes between the lungs which compress the esophagus or interfere with the function of the vagus nerves.” (Herrick, p. 99).
Unfortunately many times one discovers a bloated sheep, it is too late to save the creature from this quick-moving sheep illness. But, like all things that sheep teach us (if we pay attention and learn our lessons) we can learn to recognize danger zones for sheep bloat and keep remedies on hand that can help to thwart a death should one discover a sheep early enough to save it.
Bloat management and prevention is something that can be achieved if the shepherd has the time to turn sheep out several times per day, for very short periods of time. It takes about 10 days to change over the bacteria in the rumen (especially crucial when going from winter hay feeding to putting sheep on fresh spring pasture).
Keeping that time frame in mind, one approach is to try to get sheep to fill up on hay in the early morning and turn them out onto the pasture for periods as little as 10 minutes, several times a day.
However, once sheep taste fresh spring grasses, they will be more reluctant to eat the dry hay. It is important to gradually increase the exposure to pasture to give rumens time to adjust to the new, lusher forage. This is time-consuming, and moving sheep back in when they are eager to eat that fresh green grass is not easy to do. This is one of the reasons we now have Icelandic sheepdogs-to help us move the sheep off spring pastures several times a day.
It is also suggested to not allow sheep onto pastures until after the morning dew is burned off by the sun. What is problematic for us here in mid-Michigan is that our early spring and summer is usually very wet, with frequent rains, keeping the pasture moisture content high. Some argue that it is the wet lush pastures that cause sheep bloat, while others say that moisture content is not the issue. Most recommendations will be that mixed pastures are safer. And if you do have alfalfa and clover, limit them to less than a 50% concentration. Sowing fields with an alternative legume, birdsfoot trefoil has been recommended, as it supposedly does not cause sheep bloat problems that the other legumes are known for. We will be trying this strategy the next time we need to reseed our pastures.
It’s important to know that sheep can bloat on hay too, especially risky is a sudden change to a hay that is heavy with alfalfa and/or clover. In making any changes to sheeps’ diets, always make the changes slowly and gradually.
(Also note that rams-especially ram lambs-can be at risk when eating too much alfalfa; a diet too high in protein can cause “pizzle rot,” and too much calcium can produce kidney stones).
Stress Causes Sheep Bloat, Too
Even when sheep have been eating just hay, they can bloat due to some other stressor.
One spring morning I was giving a tour of the farm with some elderly ladies from a local garden club. When we walked through the greenhouse (which is next to the barn and pastures) I saw a ewe come out of the barn with green foam coming out of her mouth and her rumen drastically distended. I turned to the ladies and said, “I’m sorry, I have an emergency situation here.”
I then ran to the house, got the sheep bloat remedy, and miraculously was able to catch the ewe (another key to the equation of saving their lives). Then I straddled her, administering the sheep bloat formula orally for about 20 minutes, allowing her time to swallow and absorb the liquid. All the time I was acutely aware of the women in the greenhouse gaping at me through the glass as they observed my life-saving ministrations. The ewe did survive sheep bloat, but I also kept an eye on her the rest of the day, put her into an area where she couldn’t eat anything else and when she would lie down, I would make her get up and walk around.
The only thing different about the bloated ewe’s environment that day was that it was early May; she was not on pasture and her hay had not changed. The temperatures had been in the 40s with rain. That day the temperature had suddenly soared to the 80s and the sun came out. I believe it was the stress of the sudden heat wave that put her rumen into distress.
This past summer, which was especially hot and humid, with many, many days in the mid to upper 90s, we had a ewe come up from pasture about midday, clearly bloating. I was out of town, but my husband and father-in-law saw her and did treat her with the sheep bloat formula. Unfortunately, the stress of the very dangerous heat and humidity of that day resulted in her eventual death a few hours later. The sheep had been on free-range pasture for two months and so it was not a case of forage bloat due to legumes.
Fighting Sheep Bloat
Prevention is obviously desired, but even the most vigilant of shepherds lose sheep to bloat. Most frustrating for me with the bloat problems we have had is that I have been very aware of the dangers of pasturing sheep in early spring. I have always limited their exposure to lush spring grasses. They are allowed 15 minutes to graze and brought back in. I will do this several times a day, gradually increasing their grazing time. So it wasn’t like I just said one morning “Ok, pastures are ready, here you go girls,” opened a gate and let them have at it. I was vigilant, but obviously not enough for some of the sheep.
I now really believe that there is a genetic proponent to bloat. We have noted that bloat can run in family lines. The daughter and granddaughter of that first ewe that I lost to bloat ended up bloating in subsequent summers on another farm (which incidentally did not have any alfalfa in their fields).
One shepherd I know has described the sheep that tend to bloat as the “gobblers” or those most greedy sheep who run from plant to plant taking just the flower tops (or the sheep candy) instead of consuming the rest of the plant. Knowing this you can observe your ewes as they go to new pasture. Pay attention to their eating habits. Those that are running from plant to plant may be the ones you will have to keep a closer eye on. Those that pick a spot and just eat slowly and steadily usually have a bit more sense about what’s good for them.
One summer we opened up a new field in August (well after the sheep had been free grazing for several months already). Knowing there was a new concentration of alfalfa and clover in those ungrazed areas, I let the ewes and lambs onto that section for 30 minutes and brought them back up to the barnyard. I had to leave the farm for an hour and when I came back, I discovered one of the adult ewes upside down, dead of bloat.
As if that wasn’t bad enough, later that evening I discovered one of the ewe lambs circling, showing classic symptoms of “polio” (polioencephalomalacia).
“Evidence implicates a condition called acidosis. A shift in the acid state of the rumen may bring on this condition. The shift produces an enzyme that blocks thiamin reactions, which in turn result in a build-up of chemicals that destroy central nervous system tissues. Others say acids build up in the blood and irritate the nervous system.” (Lawson, pg 121).
This was the one and only case of polio we’ve ever encountered in six years and the coincidence of this lamb having been on the new lush pasture, coupled with the bloat death of the adult ewe, led me to conclude that the lamb suffered acidosis from the lush pasture, resulting in a sudden thiamin deficiency. Polio “…happens most often when lambs are rapidly placed on readily fermentable carbohydrates as is found in grain concentrates. Occasionally, it can happen when animals are changed to lush pasture after being on over-grazed pastures.” (Lawson, pg 121)
Although we treated her “by the book” for the polio symptoms, she died the next day.
Sheep can also bloat due to incorrect grain feeding. If you are wondering what to feed sheep to avoid blot, here’s some guidance. When adding grain to their diet, it’s important to add it very gradually. Laura Lawson (pg 46-45-47) distinguishes between “rumen bloat” (caused by grazing on lush legume) and “abomasal bloat” (most often found in lambs who haven’t yet developed their rumen to its full potential.) She also distinguishes between “free-gas bloat” and “frothy bloat” and goes into much detail about how to tell the type of bloats and how to treat them. I highly recommend every sheep breeder get a copy of both of her books. (These books are available from the sheep! bookstore on page 42.)
It’s very important to store any grain containers well away from the sheep so that they can never get into them. I’ve heard of sheep escaping their fencing only to find their way to the storage areas and gorge on grains around the farm and eating their way to a painful, bloated death.
Treating Sheep Bloat
Treatment of bloating sheep consists of measures that will stop the formation of additional gas and will assist in the removal of the gases already present.
I keep on hand bottles of “Bloat Gard” that I purchase commercially. This is one that I like the best because it’s ready to use and all I have to do is catch the suffering sheep and get them to swallow the bloat remedy-giving them the entire bottle.
There is also another product that requires pre-mixing before administering. And there are also many different home remedies for treating bloat. Be sure to consult your sheep books or your veterinarian. They will recommend other methods that may include forcing a hose down the gullet and in extreme emergency situations, a hole can be made in the rumen to let gases escape.
Mike Neary, Extension Sheep Specialist at Purdue University published an article that is on the internet at http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/articles/pasbloat.html. He recommends the following:
“Treat bloated sheep with care. The build-up of pressure in the rumen can actually cause a partial collapse of the lungs. Furthermore, blood from the body is forced out of the body cavity to the extremities and can cause a form of acidosis. Thus, stressing these animals complicates the situation.
“If animals can be caught, use a stomach tube to help release free ruminal gas. Also, mild agitation of ruminal contents can aid in the release of the trapped gas bubbles. Mineral or vegetable oils can be used as antifoaming agents and help release gas. Treatment with commercially available anti-bloating agents can also be done at this time.
“Some people will actually use a rumenotomy (puncturing the rumen-located high on the left side of the lumbar region in severe bloat cases) in severe, life-threatening situations. This procedure is not for the weak stomached, as the pressure will result in the expulsion of a significant amount of the rumen contents. Also, the area will need to be cleaned and sutured after the rumenotomy is performed.”
I would never wish any shepherd to experience the death of a beloved (or not so beloved) sheep from bloat. I hope that you never have to see what bloat looks like. But do try to recognize the symptoms of healthy ruminating sheep so that you are able to also recognize signs of ruminant distress. And keep on hand some remedies so if an emergency should arrive, you can quickly react and hopefully save an animal.
Sources:
Henderson, David C., The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers. Farming Press, United Kingdom, 1990, pg 409-411.
Herrick, Dr. John B. Prescriptions for Healthy Farm Animals. A Farmer’s Digest Publication, Brookfield, WI. 1991, pg 99-101.
Kammlade, William G., Sheep Science. J.B. Lippincott Co., 1947, pg. 461.
Lawson, Laura. Detecting, Diagnosing, Treating Lamb Problems. LDF Publications, Culpeper, Virginia, pg 121.
Neary, Mike. “Preventing Pasture Bloat in Sheep” from Internet website of Purdue University, taken from the article that was originally published in The Working Border Collie, Inc., Jan/Feb. 1997.
Published in sheep! March / April 2006 and regularly vetted for accuracy.
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd was originally posted by All About Chickens
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josephkitchen0 · 7 years ago
Text
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd
By Laurie Ball-Gisch – “What does a bloated sheep look like?” was the question on the phone late Sunday evening. The question brought back some nightmarish images to my mind from the first time I saw sheep bloat: Walking out in the early spring evening to discover a ewe just outside the barnyard gates, upside down with stomach “bloated” (distended, taut like a drum) and her four legs straight up in the air. Green froth was coming out of her nostrils and mouth and she was dead.
Fast forward 12 hours: Walk out to the barn to check for eggs and turn to see a ewe in the corner of the barn upside down, same position, same image. But not believing my eyes! How could I have another dead ewe?
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To answer the phone caller’s question I wanted to say “Sheep bloat usually looks like dead.” (But sheep bloat can also look like “cast” — when a sheep ends up on its back and cannot “right” itself-and sometimes it’s hard to tell whether the sheep bloated and then cast, or cast and then bloated. I guess it doesn’t really matter, since it usually means a dead animal either way.)
This suffolk sheep‘s rumen bloated from alfalfa pastures, wet with dew.
What is Sheep Bloat?
In the simplest of explanations, sheep bloat is an excess of gases in the rumen of sheep. And it should always be considered an emergency situation. Sheep bloat is usually caused by lush pastures heavy in legumes-clover, alfalfa-the gases in their rumen cannot escape fast enough. These rapidly fermenting foods produce gases more quickly than sheep can digest.
From a sheep book written in 1947 called Sheep Science: “Certain sheep bloat to some extent on almost any kind of feed. Bloating is characterized by great distention of the upper left side of the abdomen….”
Sheep Bloat in Bottle Lambs
Nursing lambs seldom bloat (although too much rich milk from the dam can cause acidosis), but bottle fed lambs can bloat.
The following “recipe” is posted on my website, and I received an e-mail from a shepherdess in Scotland one evening who wrote that she had a bottle lamb exhibiting frothy sheep bloat and in desperation, she did an internet search for a solution. The search engine brought up my webpage about sheep bloat. She said she mixed up the formula, administered it to the lamb, and the lamb was saved.
Mix 1/2 teaspoon of ground ginger with 2 tablespoons of water and then shoot it down the throat of the lamb with a syringe. (I regret that I do not remember the source for this treatment).
How to Identify Sheep Bloat
From Dr. David C. Henderson’s The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers we learn the clinical signs of sheep bloat: “If bloated sheep are still on their feet when found, they may stand very stiffly with their legs wide apart. They may pant excessively and stagger about if moved. They urinate and attempt to dung frequently. A swelling will be seen in the animal’s left flank and also on the right side in advanced cases. The pressure of the swollen rumen presses on the diaphragm, causing difficulty in breathing and finally suffocation and heart failure.”
Very often a bloated sheep will also have droopy ears and a glassy look to its eyes.
Dr. Henderson goes on to say: “Prevention is difficult since many of the methods advocated are impractical.Restricting grazing time or total avoidance of suspect or obviously dangerous pastures is the safest approach.”
Those dangerous pastures-those killing fields-are also those that can produce the best lambs and stock more sheep. Dangerous pastures are those richest in alfalfa or clovers, those pastures that best nourish lactating ewes in the spring.Ewes with such a lush diet produce abundant and rich milk for their lambs.
Fortunately (or unfortunately) the pastures that surround our farm are very productive, very improved hay fields with as much as 50 percent alfalfa and clover. As we continue to fence the fields outward, every new section of fencing means more vigilance to keep the flock safe from bloating. Over a couple of seasons, the sheep eventually eat down the alfalfa so the problem in our older pastures is less acute.
“Several contributing causes of sheep bloat include: an inherited tendency for bloat, certain proteins in forage, the amount and rate of roughage intake, the coarseness of the roughage, the rumen microbial population and enlargement of the lymph nodes between the lungs which compress the esophagus or interfere with the function of the vagus nerves.” (Herrick, p. 99).
Unfortunately many times one discovers a bloated sheep, it is too late to save the creature from this quick-moving sheep illness. But, like all things that sheep teach us (if we pay attention and learn our lessons) we can learn to recognize danger zones for sheep bloat and keep remedies on hand that can help to thwart a death should one discover a sheep early enough to save it.
Bloat management and prevention is something that can be achieved if the shepherd has the time to turn sheep out several times per day, for very short periods of time. It takes about 10 days to change over the bacteria in the rumen (especially crucial when going from winter hay feeding to putting sheep on fresh spring pasture).
Keeping that time frame in mind, one approach is to try to get sheep to fill up on hay in the early morning and turn them out onto the pasture for periods as little as 10 minutes, several times a day.
However, once sheep taste fresh spring grasses, they will be more reluctant to eat the dry hay. It is important to gradually increase the exposure to pasture to give rumens time to adjust to the new, lusher forage. This is time-consuming, and moving sheep back in when they are eager to eat that fresh green grass is not easy to do. This is one of the reasons we now have Icelandic sheepdogs-to help us move the sheep off spring pastures several times a day.
It is also suggested to not allow sheep onto pastures until after the morning dew is burned off by the sun. What is problematic for us here in mid-Michigan is that our early spring and summer is usually very wet, with frequent rains, keeping the pasture moisture content high. Some argue that it is the wet lush pastures that cause sheep bloat, while others say that moisture content is not the issue. Most recommendations will be that mixed pastures are safer. And if you do have alfalfa and clover, limit them to less than a 50% concentration. Sowing fields with an alternative legume, birdsfoot trefoil has been recommended, as it supposedly does not cause sheep bloat problems that the other legumes are known for. We will be trying this strategy the next time we need to reseed our pastures.
It’s important to know that sheep can bloat on hay too, especially risky is a sudden change to a hay that is heavy with alfalfa and/or clover. In making any changes to sheeps’ diets, always make the changes slowly and gradually.
(Also note that rams-especially ram lambs-can be at risk when eating too much alfalfa; a diet too high in protein can cause “pizzle rot,” and too much calcium can produce kidney stones).
Stress Causes Sheep Bloat, Too
Even when sheep have been eating just hay, they can bloat due to some other stressor.
One spring morning I was giving a tour of the farm with some elderly ladies from a local garden club. When we walked through the greenhouse (which is next to the barn and pastures) I saw a ewe come out of the barn with green foam coming out of her mouth and her rumen drastically distended. I turned to the ladies and said, “I’m sorry, I have an emergency situation here.”
I then ran to the house, got the sheep bloat remedy, and miraculously was able to catch the ewe (another key to the equation of saving their lives). Then I straddled her, administering the sheep bloat formula orally for about 20 minutes, allowing her time to swallow and absorb the liquid. All the time I was acutely aware of the women in the greenhouse gaping at me through the glass as they observed my life-saving ministrations. The ewe did survive sheep bloat, but I also kept an eye on her the rest of the day, put her into an area where she couldn’t eat anything else and when she would lie down, I would make her get up and walk around.
The only thing different about the bloated ewe’s environment that day was that it was early May; she was not on pasture and her hay had not changed. The temperatures had been in the 40s with rain. That day the temperature had suddenly soared to the 80s and the sun came out. I believe it was the stress of the sudden heat wave that put her rumen into distress.
This past summer, which was especially hot and humid, with many, many days in the mid to upper 90s, we had a ewe come up from pasture about midday, clearly bloating. I was out of town, but my husband and father-in-law saw her and did treat her with the sheep bloat formula. Unfortunately, the stress of the very dangerous heat and humidity of that day resulted in her eventual death a few hours later. The sheep had been on free-range pasture for two months and so it was not a case of forage bloat due to legumes.
Fighting Sheep Bloat
Prevention is obviously desired, but even the most vigilant of shepherds lose sheep to bloat. Most frustrating for me with the bloat problems we have had is that I have been very aware of the dangers of pasturing sheep in early spring. I have always limited their exposure to lush spring grasses. They are allowed 15 minutes to graze and brought back in. I will do this several times a day, gradually increasing their grazing time. So it wasn’t like I just said one morning “Ok, pastures are ready, here you go girls,” opened a gate and let them have at it. I was vigilant, but obviously not enough for some of the sheep.
I now really believe that there is a genetic proponent to bloat. We have noted that bloat can run in family lines. The daughter and granddaughter of that first ewe that I lost to bloat ended up bloating in subsequent summers on another farm (which incidentally did not have any alfalfa in their fields).
One shepherd I know has described the sheep that tend to bloat as the “gobblers” or those most greedy sheep who run from plant to plant taking just the flower tops (or the sheep candy) instead of consuming the rest of the plant. Knowing this you can observe your ewes as they go to new pasture. Pay attention to their eating habits. Those that are running from plant to plant may be the ones you will have to keep a closer eye on. Those that pick a spot and just eat slowly and steadily usually have a bit more sense about what’s good for them.
One summer we opened up a new field in August (well after the sheep had been free grazing for several months already). Knowing there was a new concentration of alfalfa and clover in those ungrazed areas, I let the ewes and lambs onto that section for 30 minutes and brought them back up to the barnyard. I had to leave the farm for an hour and when I came back, I discovered one of the adult ewes upside down, dead of bloat.
As if that wasn’t bad enough, later that evening I discovered one of the ewe lambs circling, showing classic symptoms of “polio” (polioencephalomalacia).
“Evidence implicates a condition called acidosis. A shift in the acid state of the rumen may bring on this condition. The shift produces an enzyme that blocks thiamin reactions, which in turn result in a build-up of chemicals that destroy central nervous system tissues. Others say acids build up in the blood and irritate the nervous system.” (Lawson, pg 121).
This was the one and only case of polio we’ve ever encountered in six years and the coincidence of this lamb having been on the new lush pasture, coupled with the bloat death of the adult ewe, led me to conclude that the lamb suffered acidosis from the lush pasture, resulting in a sudden thiamin deficiency. Polio “…happens most often when lambs are rapidly placed on readily fermentable carbohydrates as is found in grain concentrates. Occasionally, it can happen when animals are changed to lush pasture after being on over-grazed pastures.” (Lawson, pg 121)
Although we treated her “by the book” for the polio symptoms, she died the next day.
Sheep can also bloat due to incorrect grain feeding. If you are wondering what to feed sheep to avoid blot, here’s some guidance. When adding grain to their diet, it’s important to add it very gradually. Laura Lawson (pg 46-45-47) distinguishes between “rumen bloat” (caused by grazing on lush legume) and “abomasal bloat” (most often found in lambs who haven’t yet developed their rumen to its full potential.) She also distinguishes between “free-gas bloat” and “frothy bloat” and goes into much detail about how to tell the type of bloats and how to treat them. I highly recommend every sheep breeder get a copy of both of her books. (These books are available from the sheep! bookstore on page 42.)
It’s very important to store any grain containers well away from the sheep so that they can never get into them. I’ve heard of sheep escaping their fencing only to find their way to the storage areas and gorge on grains around the farm and eating their way to a painful, bloated death.
Treating Sheep Bloat
Treatment of bloating sheep consists of measures that will stop the formation of additional gas and will assist in the removal of the gases already present.
I keep on hand bottles of “Bloat Gard” that I purchase commercially. This is one that I like the best because it’s ready to use and all I have to do is catch the suffering sheep and get them to swallow the bloat remedy-giving them the entire bottle.
There is also another product that requires pre-mixing before administering. And there are also many different home remedies for treating bloat. Be sure to consult your sheep books or your veterinarian. They will recommend other methods that may include forcing a hose down the gullet and in extreme emergency situations, a hole can be made in the rumen to let gases escape.
Mike Neary, Extension Sheep Specialist at Purdue University published an article that is on the internet at http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/articles/pasbloat.html. He recommends the following:
“Treat bloated sheep with care. The build-up of pressure in the rumen can actually cause a partial collapse of the lungs. Furthermore, blood from the body is forced out of the body cavity to the extremities and can cause a form of acidosis. Thus, stressing these animals complicates the situation.
“If animals can be caught, use a stomach tube to help release free ruminal gas. Also, mild agitation of ruminal contents can aid in the release of the trapped gas bubbles. Mineral or vegetable oils can be used as antifoaming agents and help release gas. Treatment with commercially available anti-bloating agents can also be done at this time.
“Some people will actually use a rumenotomy (puncturing the rumen-located high on the left side of the lumbar region in severe bloat cases) in severe, life-threatening situations. This procedure is not for the weak stomached, as the pressure will result in the expulsion of a significant amount of the rumen contents. Also, the area will need to be cleaned and sutured after the rumenotomy is performed.”
I would never wish any shepherd to experience the death of a beloved (or not so beloved) sheep from bloat. I hope that you never have to see what bloat looks like. But do try to recognize the symptoms of healthy ruminating sheep so that you are able to also recognize signs of ruminant distress. And keep on hand some remedies so if an emergency should arrive, you can quickly react and hopefully save an animal.
Sources:
Henderson, David C., The Veterinary Book for Sheep Farmers. Farming Press, United Kingdom, 1990, pg 409-411.
Herrick, Dr. John B. Prescriptions for Healthy Farm Animals. A Farmer’s Digest Publication, Brookfield, WI. 1991, pg 99-101.
Kammlade, William G., Sheep Science. J.B. Lippincott Co., 1947, pg. 461.
Lawson, Laura. Detecting, Diagnosing, Treating Lamb Problems. LDF Publications, Culpeper, Virginia, pg 121.
Neary, Mike. “Preventing Pasture Bloat in Sheep” from Internet website of Purdue University, taken from the article that was originally published in The Working Border Collie, Inc., Jan/Feb. 1997.
Published in sheep! March / April 2006 and regularly vetted for accuracy.
Prevent Sheep Bloat by Managing Your Herd was originally posted by All About Chickens
0 notes