#feminariness

[lenbryant]

(NYT Obit - Long Post) Minnie Bruce Pratt, Celebrated Poet of Lesbian Life, Dies at 76

Her collection “Crime Against Nature,” which recounts her losing custody of her children after she came out, made her a literary star — and a target of conservatives.

July 13, 2023

Minnie Bruce Pratt, a feminist poet and essayist whose collection “Crime Against Nature,” which mapped her despair, anger and resilience after losing custody of her children when she came out as a lesbian, earned one of poetry’s highest honors and made her a target of hard-right conservatives, died on July 2 near her home in Syracuse, N.Y. She was 76.

Her death, at a hospice facility for L.G.B.T.Q. people, was caused by glioblastoma, her son Benjamin Weaver said.

It was 1975 when Ms. Pratt walked into her first gay bar, the Other Side, in Fayetteville, N.C. Same-sex relationships were still considered a crime in that state — “a crime against nature,” as the statute was described — so patrons parked around the corner in hopes that their license plates wouldn’t be photographed by the police. They signed into the place under fake names, as it was run as a private club. (Ms. Pratt often used Susan B. Anthony as hers.)

No one was more shocked than she — a woman married almost 10 years and with two small sons — at the turn her life was taking, as she wrote in her memoir, “S/He” (1995). Like many women of her generation, Ms. Pratt was fired up by the consciousness-raising groups she joined. She campaigned for gender parity in university teaching positions where she was a doctoral student (learning to push back when male colleagues asked her to type their papers and groped her at academic conferences) and discovered that she loved women

“You don’t have a dog’s chance in court,” her lawyer warned her when she and her husband, a poet and an academic like herself, were divorcing. He took full custody of their sons and moved out of state. “How could that happen to someone with a Ph.D.?” a fellow teacher asked years later.

“Crime Against Nature” had been more than a decade in the making when it was published in 1990, making Ms. Pratt a literary star. The Academy of American Poets awarded her the Lamont Poetry Prize, one of the organization’s highest honors. Writing in The New York Times Book Review, the poet Carol Muske declared the book a “publishing event” — “startling in the beauty of its unadorned voice,” with each poem “a verbal emergency.”

One poem in the volume, “No Place,” begins with these lines:

One night before I left I sat halfway

down,

halfway up the stairs, as he reeled at the

bottom,

shouting Choose, choose. Man or woman,

her or him,

me or the children. There was no place

to be

simultaneous, or between. Above, the

boys slept

with nightlights as tiny consolations in

the dark,

like the flowers of starry campion, edge of

the water.

Her poetry and activism came out of the Women in Print movement, in which feminist and lesbian poets began hand-printing and binding their work, often in chapbooks: short volumes that resemble zines. It was a vibrant community that gathered at lesbian and feminist bookstores and meeting places, like the basements of Unitarian churches.

Ms. Pratt was constantly on the road, touring the South, giving readings and visiting her children as their father permitted as part of an evolving arrangement that allowed them to be with her during summer vacations and other school breaks.

The movement was an extraordinary time, said Julie Enszer, the editor and publisher of Sinister Wisdom, a nearly half-century-old lesbian literary journal. By 1985, she said, there were about 110 feminist bookstores in the country. Ms. Pratt joined Feminary, a feminist journal and collective, and with a colleague who was her girlfriend she founded the Night Heron Press.

There, she published her first book of poetry, “The Sound of One Fork,” in 1981 — a collection of sensuous pieces that evoke her childhood in Alabama. Her sons, then teenagers on their summer break, helped her put copies of the book together, as she wrote in an essay for the Poetry Foundation. Making them, she said, was her favorite memory.

Minnie Bruce Pratt was born on Sept. 12, 1946, in Selma, Ala. Her father, William L. Pratt Jr., worked in the lumber industry. Virginia Earl (Brown) Pratt, her mother, was a social worker and a teacher who once told her that she was disgusted by her daughter’s lesbianism but who later became an ally.

Minnie Bruce was an English major at the University of Alabama when she married Marvin Weaver in 1966. She earned her bachelor’s degree in 1968 and was also a Fulbright scholar. When her husband took the children after their divorce, she was at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill working on her Ph.D. in English, which she earned in 1979.

In addition to her son Benjamin, she is survived by her other son, Ransom, and five grandchildren.

Ms. Pratt was the recipient of many awards and grants. A 1990 fellowship given by the National Endowment for the Arts to her and two other lesbian poets — the Native American writer Chrystos and Audre Lorde — drew criticism from Jesse Helms, the ultraconservative Republican senator from North Carolina, who campaigned to have their grants rescinded. He said that because the three were lesbian writers, their work was obscene and not suitable for federal funding. The N.E.A. disagreed.

In 1991, the three women won another grant, from the Fund for Free Expression, for being “targets of right-wing forces.”

Until her retirement in 2015, Ms. Pratt was a professor in the writing program and the gender studies department at Syracuse University, where she helped develop its L.G.B.T. studies program. She was the author of eight books of poetry, and her work has been collected in many journals. Her most recent book, “Magnified” (2021), is a collection of love poems to her spouse, the queer author and activist Leslie Feinberg, who died of complications of Lyme disease in 2014 at 65.

Like Feinberg — whose 1993 novel, “Stone Butch Blues,” was lauded for its evocation of gender complexity and considered a touchstone of queer literature — Ms. Pratt wrote eloquently about the “in-between” space, as she called it, that she and Feinberg (who mostly shunned gender honorifics) inhabited as a butch and femme couple.

In “S/he,” which is both an erotic memoir and an investigation into the myriad, shifting expressions of gender, Ms. Pratt writes of a Thanksgiving dinner the couple attended at her son Benjamin and his girlfriend’s house while they were in graduate school. Ms. Pratt was intrigued when no one claimed the seat at the head of the table or stepped up to carve the turkey. Her son clearly hung back. Ms. Pratt ducked out to the bathroom, and when she returned, her spouse was seated next to the empty chair at the head, with the turkey platter in front of them and a carving knife in one hand.

“I’ve never done this before in my life,” Feinberg said, slicing. Mr. Weaver said approvingly, “It took a lot of courage to grasp that knife.” And Ms. Pratt took her place at the head of the table.

Penelope Green is a reporter on the Obituaries desk and a feature writer. She has been a reporter for the Home section, editor of Styles of The Times, an early iteration of Style, and a story editor at the Sunday magazine. More about Penelope Green

[gatheringbones]

["Dannia and I did several anti-racism trainings together. Our workshop model began in the morning with written personal reflections, moved on in the afternoon to role-plays of interrupting racism, and was supposed to end with a discussion of anti-racist activism. Our most effective ploy was a role play in which a white daughter or son returned home for Thanksgiving and had to deal with the father's racist comments over turkey— a scenario guaranteed to generate collective meltdown. We found that participants became so absorbed in the interpersonal issues that we never got to the activism. Were we starting at the wrong end of the process?

These politics will be recognizable to many lesbians who lived during these years. We had an ideological unity then that did not survive the 1980s, for better or for worse. Class and race divisions did not dissolve so easily in the solvent of our sisterhood. "Sex radicals" raised questions about the nature of lesbian and female sexuality that many feminists, straight and lesbian, had no tolerance to hear, and the "sex wars" tore through the community. AIDS soon began to impact all of our lives. There were deeper schisms among women, and new alliances with gay men. A younger lesbian generation began to shape a different politics in the space that we had worked to open for them.

(...) Lesbian-Feminism in the 1970s taught that you should not work with straight women because they "gave all their [and therefore your] energy to men." After Feminary imploded, I figured, Shit, nothing could be worse than this. That's when I went to a meeting in Durham of the National Anti-Klan Network to hear from Leah Wise, Lauren Martin, and Reverend Wilson Lee that North Carolina had the worst Klan/Nazi movement in the country and they were looking for local people to organize. It was 1983 and I was ready to take the plunge. In this border crossing between the lesbian and feminist and the anti-racist movement, I began to realize how such movements separate people as much as bring them together. I found a compelling and complicated reality that neither race theory and organizing, nor class theory and organizing, nor feminist theory and organizing is capable of handling.

Lesbian-feminism had given me a clear analysis of how power operates among people and in a culture's institutions. But it gave me few of the specific skills I needed: how to put on a press conference, build up a computer database, interact with community agencies, organize white and Black people in small towns and cities, or monitor and call to accountability the criminal justice system. With Feminary, our battle had been largely interior, a psychic confrontation with the lethal forces of the culture as we had internalized them. It was an intense, revealing, but sometimes insular process. The "politics of identity" could easily slip into a politics of victimhood and guilt, its focus more purity of consciousness than effectiveness of social change. By 1983, I had hit the limits of this internal work. (I was not the only dyke to think that lesbian-feminism was dangerously over-literate and under-strategic.) Guided by the people who eventually incorporated North Carolinians Against Racist and Religious Violence, I set to work to learn to organize.

(...) The shit hit the fan about a year after NCARRV had begun our work in Statesville. A woman involved in the national work suddenly brought up gay issues across Flora's kitchen table. Flora and I were friends by that time. I had come out to her the evening she had asked me whether my interest in the Statesville work came because I also had a Black lover. She was on the right track, I had explained, telling her of my different outcast status. "We still love you," she had said, and reached across the table to take my hand.

Okay, I thought when the woman confronted me. You want this discussion, you'll get it.

Soon everybody had fled the room except my opponent, Flora, and me, as I heard how being gay was like being on heroin, and how this particular woman was raising her daughter to be heterosexual, and how she wouldn't want her organization to take a stand on homophobia because it might promote heterosexuality.

"If I ever have a child," I countered, "the main thing I will teach her about relationships is that she deserves love and intimacy and should never let herself be abused. What this is all about— gay rights and these cross burnings to which Flora and Joe have been subjected— is the right of human beings to love."

Flora stayed beside me, nodding agreement.

When I got back Durham, I called Leah Wise to report. Whenever an emergency arise, I could count on her to let me sit down near her desk for five or ten minutes to think it through. It was natural that I take the incident at Flora's back to her. She responded immediately, "This homophobia is like racism; it's got to be opposed." We arranged a further discussion with the woman in question, and Leah came with me for support. On the way back, Leah took the time to share with me all the things she saw me doing right.

I was intensely grateful. "Shit, Leah," I replied, wedged in the seat adjacent to hers on the plane. "I feel like I do not know what I am doing most of the time. All you folks have all this political history, and here I am flying by the seat of my pants."

"Actually, it's better that way," she said. "A lot of times, that other sectarian stuff just gets in the way."

Her ready support in challenging homophobia and her affirmation of my work marked a major turning point for me. If I knew my enemies, I also knew my friends. Perhaps I could stop looking over my shoulder.

Leah affirmed my instincts to build not just coalitions, but movements grounded in relationships. I figured I was doing work on racism and anti-Semitism because it was the right thing to do, and once I laid out the case about homophobia, the people I was working with would do the same for me and mine. I was not disappointed. The result was friendships that come among people who catalyze changes in each other. Our work carried a lot of risk, but the risk gave us occasions to develop substantial trust. I was scared shitless a lot of the time, but I never regretted what I was doing.

After thirty-five years, my life was no longer segregated.

Somewhere in my metamorphosis, I realized that I could not longer settle for "lesbian space" as just one room, or camp, or building, although I was, and am, still grateful for those gathering places. The Reagan era made it clear: there is no separate safety. "Lesbian space" had better be a world where everyone belongs."]

Mab Segrest, Memoir of a Race Traitor, The New Press, 1994

[dyke-bars-never-last]

Self-reference to the book's innovative style of printing, which is also present in The Lesbian Body(1973):

When it is leafed through the feminary presents numerous blank pages in which they write from time to time.

Essentially, it consists of pages with words printed in a varying number of capital letters. There may be only one or the pages may be full of them. Usually they are isolated at the centre of the page, well spaced black on a white background or else white on a black back-ground.

[fashionringsbg]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the full exclusion of their kids. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the private favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there is no such thing as a nation in Europe the place it’s extra certain of reward than in rurfia, and the place the precise of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently specific in describing the strategy of constructing yr from break up peas. The entire of the water through which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as yr, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It is usually necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, Just a few trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer time, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Normal consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Normal conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Normal confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The reason why it now isn’t fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval pressure Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[mirelaste]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the overall exclusion of their kids. There isn’t a such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t any nation in Europe the place it’s extra certain of reward than in rurfia, and the place the appropriate of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and army departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour in a position employment, to the exclusion or despair of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the tactic of creating 12 months from break up peas. The entire of the water wherein the peas have been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It’s also necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A number of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Basic consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Totally different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Adjustments it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries typically depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Basic conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Basic confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The explanation why it now will not be fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval power Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His tasks for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[mirelaistanbul]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the overall exclusion of their kids. There isn’t a such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t any nation in Europe the place it’s extra certain of reward than in rurfia, and the place the appropriate of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and army departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour in a position employment, to the exclusion or despair of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the tactic of creating 12 months from break up peas. The entire of the water wherein the peas have been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It’s also necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A number of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Basic consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Totally different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Adjustments it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries typically depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Basic conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Basic confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The explanation why it now will not be fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval power Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His tasks for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[fashioninbg]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the entire exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the private favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t any nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the suitable of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is healthier erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating yr from break up peas. The entire of the water by which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as yr, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It is usually necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A number of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Basic consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Basic conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Basic confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The explanation why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of conflict Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Mission of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of conflict. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval power Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian conflict.

[livelifesofia]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the full exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there is no such thing as a nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the proper of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or despair of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating 12 months from cut up peas. The entire of the water during which the peas have been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. Additionally it is necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A couple of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Common consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries typically depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie fastened income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Common conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Common confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The reason why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Methodology of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval drive Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His tasks for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[bluebisera]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the full exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there is no such thing as a nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the proper of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or despair of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating 12 months from cut up peas. The entire of the water during which the peas have been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. Additionally it is necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A couple of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Common consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries typically depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie fastened income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Common conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Common confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The reason why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Methodology of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval drive Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His tasks for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[treelifestyle]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the full exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there is no such thing as a nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the proper of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is best erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or despair of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating 12 months from cut up peas. The entire of the water during which the peas have been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. Additionally it is necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A couple of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Common consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries typically depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie fastened income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Common conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Common confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The reason why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Methodology of recruiting and raifing a military in time of warfare Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Challenge of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of warfare. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval drive Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His tasks for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian warfare.

[delicioutravel]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the whole exclusion of their kids. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t a nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the correct of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and army departments, is healthier erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour in a position employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently specific in describing the strategy of constructing 12 months from break up peas. The entire of the water by which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. Additionally it is necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, Just a few trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer time, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Normal consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Training. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Normal conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Normal confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. Explanation why it now is just not fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of battle Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Venture of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of battle. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval pressure Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian battle.

[vasilkaworld]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the whole exclusion of their kids. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the non-public favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t a nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the correct of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and army departments, is healthier erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour in a position employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently specific in describing the strategy of constructing 12 months from break up peas. The entire of the water by which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as 12 months, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. Additionally it is necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, Just a few trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer time, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Normal consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Training. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Normal conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Normal confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. Explanation why it now is just not fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of battle Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Venture of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of battle. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval pressure Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian battle.

[actualitatvalenciana-blog]

New Post has been published on Actualitat Valenciana

El Feminari estrena el documental ‘En la brecha’ que denuncia la desigualtat laboral de gènere https://actualitatvalenciana.com/el-feminari-estrena-el-documental-en-la-brecha-que-denuncia-la-desigualtat-laboral-de-genere/

[comunica-valencia]

Feminario hará a València referente del feminismo en "estos tiempos confusos"

Feminario hará a València referente del feminismo en “estos tiempos confusos”

El cuarto Congreso Feminari 2018 convertirá a València, los días 1 y 2 de febrero, en referente de la lucha por el feminismo en unos “tiempos confusos”, de “mucho ruido” y “agitación política”.

Así lo ha asegurado el presidente de la Diputación de Valencia, Toni Gaspar, quien junto a la diputada de Igualdad, Isabel García, ha presentado esta edición, que estará dedicada a la exministra Carmen…

[fashioninbg]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the entire exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the private favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t any nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the suitable of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is healthier erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating yr from break up peas. The entire of the water by which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as yr, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It is usually necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A number of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Basic consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Basic conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Basic confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The explanation why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of conflict Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Mission of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of conflict. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval power Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian conflict.

[fashioninbg]

Ulema excepted

In Turkey, each one who rises to a excessive workplace rises from nothing. The fortunes of all officers of the empire (the ulema excepted) are inherited by the sultan, to the entire exclusion of their youngsters. There isn’t any such factor as household, or household fortunes in that empire.

In Rufiia, not with Handing the benefits individuals of household and fortune naturally have, and muR have in all civilized Hates; and, not with Randing the very partial distribution of honours and rewards, and the fortunes made by some who em joyed the private favor of the sovereign within the late reign, advantage was by no means excluded ; and, upon the entire, there isn’t any nation in Europe the place it’s extra positive of reward than in rurfia, and the place the suitable of riling by rotation, or by size of service, each within the civil and navy departments, is healthier erablillied: the Aristocracy and nice connections don’t there engrofs each honour ready employment, to the exclusion or melancholy of advantage.

I discover that I’ve not been sufficiently express in describing the strategy of creating yr from break up peas. The entire of the water by which the peas had been Heeped, in addition to the froth, mur be used as yr, Some individuals having taken solely the froth, haven’t succeeded. It is usually necesiary on this nation to let the peas Reep for much longer in water than in a hotter local weather, A number of trials will decide the exadt time in winter and in summer season, both by the amount of froth produced, or by the style and smeil of the wafer.

On the Turkish Authorities.

Basic consderaions, Conquered nations are by the Turks excluded from the rights cf fellow-citizens. Completely different conduct of the Arabs in Spain Outlines of the nationwide character of the Turks. Character of their authorities. Modifications it has undergone. Three aras of their authorities Ignorance of those that govern. Schooling. Division of energy. Char after of the sirsi sultans. Degeneracy of their succors. The janissaries usually depose their sultans. Degeneracy of the janissaries.

Of the ulema. Energy of the sultan. Judicial energy. Injlances of prevarication in judges. Appeals to the sultan

Divison int tvjo branches. JSsiri and Hafne. Element cf tie mounted income and expenditure. Money owed of the Miri. Income cf the Hafne. Of the wealth of the ulema. Treasures of ike, mosques. Desests of thesjlem of f nance. Results on the provinces. Of the cusorns. Basic conclusicns. Observations on the Turkish cash.

Basic confederations. Why the Purkijh energy was as soon as so formidable. Infxitution of the janissaries. Current character. Element of the Purkijh military. The explanation why it now shouldn’t be fa quite a few as previously. Technique of recruiting and raifing a military in time of conflict Character of the military. Mode of fghting. Mission of Gazi Hassan for tneliorating it. Of their weapons. Pheir legal guidelines of conflict. ConduB to prifoners. Of their naval power Preforms of Gazi Hassan CharaBer of the captain pajha, Gazi llafan His initiatives for sustaining a physique of, jailors at Confantinople, and efablijhing a feminary. .Some circumfances of the laj} Rufian conflict.