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THIS DAY IN GAY HISTORY

based on: The White Crane Institute's 'Gay Wisdom', Gay Birthdays, Gay For Today, Famous GLBT, glbt-Gay Encylopedia, Today in Gay History, Wikipedia, and more … October 28

1466 – Erasmus was a Dutch humanist and theologian, who merits serious consideration by queer people of faith. Born Gerrit Gerritszoon, he became far better known as Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam: Erasmus was his saint's name, after St. Erasmus of Formiae; Rotterdam, for the place of his birth (although he never lived there after the first few years of early childhood; and "Desiderius" a name he gave himself - "the one who is desired".

He left a legacy as a scholar and church reformer. His career spanned the years leading up to, and after, Martin Luther's break with the Catholic Church that became the Protestant Reformation. Prior to the split, Erasmus had himself been fiercely critical of the Church, arguing forcefully for reform of the many and manifold abuses. He had close relationships with Luther and many other leading members of the Reformation movement, which his ideas strongly influenced. However, when the break came, he chose to remain formally inside the church structures, and not outside of it.

Some LGBT activists have hailed Erasmus as a gay icon from history. Circa Club for instance has no doubt, using that precise term and including Erasmus in it's collection of historical gay icons. The primary basis of the claim is a series of passionate love letters he wrote to a young monk Servatius Rogerus. While at the Augustinian monastery at Stein near Gouda around 1487, Erasmus wrote passionate letters of friendship to the fellow monk, whom he called "half my soul", writing, "I have wooed you both unhappily and relentlessly"; this correspondence contrasts sharply with the generally detached and much more restrained attitude he showed in his later life.There were also allegations of improper advances made to the young Thomas Grey, later Marquis of Dorset, while employed as his tutor.

Erasmus's best-known work was The Praise of Folly, a satirical attack on the traditions of the Catholic Church and popular superstitions, written in 1509, published in 1511 and dedicated to his friend, Sir Thomas More.

1754 – John Laurens (d.1782) was an American soldier and statesman from South Carolina during the Revolutionary War. He gained approval by the Continental Congress in 1779 to recruit a regiment of 3000 slaves by promising them freedom in return for fighting. He died in 1782, but his father manumitted their slaves as he had intended.

Laurens was born in Charleston, South Carolina. After tutoring at home and the death of his mother, John and his two younger brothers were taken by their father to England. John completed his education in Europe, first in London, then in Geneva. As a youth, he yielded to his father's wish that he study law in London. In late 1776, John was obliged, "out of pity," to marry Martha Manning, the daughter of one of his father's London agents, and in December he sailed for Charleston. He left his wife behind, pregnant with a daughter who he would never see.

In the summer of 1777, he accompanied his father, Henry Laurens, on the trip to Philadelphia where Henry was to serve in the Continental Congress and where in spite of his father's strong objections, John continued on to Washington's camp as a volunteer.

Laurens joined the main army of the Continental Army and within a month, following the Battle of Brandywine, was made officially an aide-de-camp to General Washington with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He became very good friends with his fellow aides, Alexander Hamilton, and with the Marquis de Lafayette. He also gave the first demonstrations of his tendency to reckless courage at the Battles of Brandywine, Germantown in which he was wounded, and Monmouth where his horse was shot out from under him.

As the British stepped up operations in the South, Laurens, who had long argued that "We Americans at least in the Southern Colonies, cannot contend with a good Grace, for Liberty, until we shall have enfranchised our Slaves," promoted the idea of arming slaves and granting them freedom in return for their service, and in early 1778 requested, as a start, 40 slaves from his father, which Henry, now President of the Continental Congress, granted but with such serious reservations about the practicality that John temporarily relinquished the project. In March 1779 Congress approved this idea, commissioned him Lieutenant Colonel, and sent him south to implement a regiment of 3000. He won election to the South Carolina House of Representatives, and introduced his black regiment plan in 1779 and 1780 (and again in 1782) only to meet overwhelming rejection each time. His belief that blacks shared a similar nature with whites and could aspire to freedom in a republican society set Laurens apart from other leaders in revolutionary South Carolina.

There is evidence of Laurens enjoying a sexual and loving relationship with Alexander Hamilton. These reports are based upon letters Hamilton wrote Laurens during a period in which Laurens was absent from the camp. In preparing a biography, Hamilton's family actually crossed out parts of letters they each sent one another. Suspiciously enough many of Laurens letters to Hamilton are missing. But the language in Hamilton's letters reveal a profound love for Laurens. Indeed Hamilton was never as emotionally open with any other man in his lifetime, and the depths of sentiment are equaled only in letters he wrote to his wife Eliza. Hamilton wrote:

"Cold in my professions, warm in my friendships, I wish, my Dear Laurens, it might be in my power, by action rather than words, to convince you that I love you."

In September 1779, gently chiding Laurens for not corresponding as often as he would have liked, Hamilton wrote, "like a jealous lover, when I thought you slighted my caresses, my affection was alarmed and my vanity piqued."

Looking beyond the successful conclusion of the war, Hamilton suggested that both of them should be members of the congress of the new country. "We have fought side by side to make America free, let us hand in hand struggle to make her happy," he wrote in a letter ending, "Yours forever."

Laurens probably never read this letter as he was killed in a skirmish a few days after it was written.

1824 - French historian Astolphe de Custine is beaten by soldiers he solicited. He reluctantly files charges against them.

1903 – British poet and novelist Evelyn Waugh was born on this date (d.1996). The English writer is best known for such satirical and darkly humorous novels as Decline and Fall, Vile Bodies, Scoop, A Handful of Dust and The Loved One, as well as for broader and more personal works, such as Brideshead Revisited and the Sword of Honor trilogy, that are influenced by his own experiences and his conservative and Catholic viewpoints. Many of Waugh's novels depict British aristocracy and high society, which he satirizes but to which, paradoxically, he was also strongly attracted. In addition, he wrote short stories, three biographies, and the first volume of an unfinished autobiography. His travel writings and his extensive diaries and correspondence have also been published.

The overt homosexuality of his brother Alec Waugh may have caused Evelyn to hide his own tendencies behind two marriages and seven children. Alec Waugh, like their father, publisher Arthur Waugh, had gone to school at Sherborne, and it was assumed that Evelyn would follow. However, in 1915 Alec was asked to leave, after a homosexual relationship came to light. He departed for military training, and while waiting for his commission to be confirmed wrote a novel of school life, The Loom of Youth, which was published by Chapman and Hall. The novel, which alluded to homosexual friendships in what was recognisably Sherborne, caused a public sensation and offended the school sufficiently to make it impossible for Evelyn to go there. Much to his annoyance he was sent in May 1917 to Lancing, in his view a decidedly inferior establishment. He later went to Oxford.

He arrived in Oxford in January 1922; in October 1922 the arrival of the sophisticated Etonians Harold Acton and Brian Howard changed Waugh's Oxford life. Acton and Howard rapidly became the centre of an avant-garde circle known as the Hypocrites, whose artistic, social and homosexual values Waugh adopted enthusiastically; he later wrote: "It was the stamping ground of half my Oxford life". He began drinking heavily, and embarked on the first of several homosexual relationships, the most lasting of which were with Richard Pares and Alastair Graham.

After gallantly protecting T. S. Eliot from "the specious assumption that he was homosexual," T.S. Matthews in Great Tom, suddenly became viciously ungallant: "It is peppery, glaring little men like Evelyn Waugh who are sexually suspect - as his diaries bear witness."

Indeed, his diaries do clearly reveal him as a Gay man. But then so do his novels, particularly Brideshead Revisited, in which the friendship of Charles and Sebastian, despite the limitations of what he was allowed to write in the early 1940s, is magnificently drawn.

Francis Bacon  Self-portrait 1972

1909 – The Anglo-Irish born painter Francis Bacon (d.1992) was a descendant of the Elizabethan philosopher Francis Bacon. His artwork is well known for its bold, austere, and often grotesque or nightmarish imagery. Bacon's painterly but abstract figures typically appear isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds. He began painting during his early 20s and worked only sporadically until his mid 30s. Before this time he drifted, earning his living as an interior decorator and designer of furniture and rugs

Bacon early discovered that he attracted a certain type of rich man, an attraction he was quick to take advantage of, having developed a taste for good food and wine. One of the men was an ex-army friend of his father, another breeder of race-horses, named Harcourt-Smith. Bacon later claimed that his father had asked this friend to take him 'in-hand' and 'make a man of him'. Francis had a difficult relationship with his father, once admitting to being sexually attracted to him. Doubtless, Eddy Bacon was aware of his friend's reputation for virility, but not of his penchant for young men. In the early Spring of 1927 Bacon was taken by Harcourt-Smith to the opulent, decadent, "wide open" Berlin of the Weimar Republic, staying together at the Hotel Adlon.

His visit to a 1927 exhibition of 106 drawings by Picasso at the Galerie Paul Rosenberg, Paris, aroused his artistic interest, and he often took the train to Paris five or more times a week to see shows and art exhibitions.

In 1929 he met Eric Hall at the Bath Club, Dover Street, London, where Bacon was working at the telephone exchange. Hall (who was general manager of Peter Jones) was to be both patron and lover to Bacon, in an often torturous relationship.

In 1964, Bacon began a relationship with 39-year-old Eastender George Dyer, whom he met, he claimed, while the latter was burgling his apartment. A petty criminal with a history of juvenile detention and prison, Dyer was a somewhat tortured individual, insecure, alcoholic, appearance obsessed and never really fitting in within the bohemian set surrounding Francis. The relationship was stormy and in 1971, on the eve of Bacon's major retrospective at the Paris Grand Palais, Dyer committed suicide in the hotel room they were sharing, overdosing on barbiturates. The event was recorded in Bacon's 1973 masterpiece Triptych, May-June 1973.

In 1974, Bacon met John Edwards, a young, illiterate, handsome Eastender with whom he formed one of his most enduring friendships, eventually bequeathing his £11m fortune to Edwards after his death.

Bacon died of a sudden heart attack on April 28, 1992, in Madrid, Spain. Bacon bequeathed his entire estate (then valued at eleven million pounds) to John Edwards after his death. Edwards, in turn, donated the contents of Francis Bacon's chaotic studio in South Kensington, to the Hugh Lane gallery in Dublin. Bacon's studio contents were moved and the studio carefully reconstructed in the gallery. Additionally draft materials, perhaps intended for destruction, were according to Canadian Barry Joule bequeathed to Joule who later forwarded most of the materials to create the Barry Joule Archive in Dublin with other parts of the collection given later to the Tate museum.

Bacon's Soho life was portrayed by John Maybury, with Derek Jacobi as Bacon and Daniel Craig as George Dyer (with some lovely frontal nudity on Craig's part) and with Tilda Swinton as Muriel Belcher, in the film Love is the Devil (1998), based on Daniel Farson's 1993 biography The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon.

1949 – Caitlyn Jenner (born William Bruce Jenner), known as Bruce Jenner until 2015, is an American television personality and former track and field athlete.

A former college football player, Jenner came to international attention as a decathlete, winning the gold medal in the men's decathlon event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and setting a world record not beaten until 1980. With the unofficial title of "world's greatest athlete" for the Olympic decathlon win, he was also an American cult hero winning an event dominated by Soviet Union athletes during the Cold War. He leveraged his celebrity status to endorse products and subsequently starred in numerous movies and television specials including several made-for-TV movies, and was briefly Erik Estrada's replacement on the TV series CHiPs.

Jenner was married for 23 years to Kris Jenner (née Houghton; formerly Kardashian); the couple and their children appeared beginning in 2007 on the television reality series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Following their divorce in 2015, Jenner came out in a television interview as a trans woman, initially preferring masculine pronouns until his transition was more complete. In June 2015, Jenner revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and a preference for being referred to using feminine pronouns. Many news sources have described her as the most famous openly transgender person in the world.

Bruce Jenner that was.

Jenner is a professed Christian, leans politically conservative, and is a Republican. Prior to her public gender transition, she had been married three times. Her first marriage was to Chrystie Scott (née Crownover) from 1972 to 1981. They have two children, son Burton and daughter Cassandra, known as Burt and Casey. Jenner and Scott's divorce was finalized the first week of January 1981. The same week, on January 5, 1981, Jenner married actress Linda Thompson, in Hawaii. By February 1986, Jenner and Thompson had separated, and they subsequently divorced. They have two sons together, Brandon and Sam Brody, known as Brody. The two sons starred on the reality show The Princes of Malibu and Brody Jenner was also on the reality show The Hills.

Jenner's third marriage, to Kris Kardashian (née Houghton), occurred on April 21, 1991, after five months of dating. They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie. While married, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's four children from her previous marriage to the late lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Rob. The couple announced their separation in October 2013, though they had actually separated a year earlier. Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing irreconcilable differences. Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, because of a six-month state legal requirement.

In an April 2015, 20/20 interview with Diane Sawyer, Jenner came out as a trans woman saying she had dealt with gender dysphoria since her youth, and that, for all intents and purposes, "I’m a woman." Jenner cross dressed for many years and did hormone replacement therapy but stopped after the romance with Kris Kardashian in the early 1990s became more serious. Caitlyn recounts having permission to explore her gender identity on her own travels but not when they were coupled, and that not knowing the best way to talk about the many issues contributed to the deterioration of the 22-year-long marriage which formally ended in 2013.

1987 – Frank Ocean (born Christopher Breaux) is an American singer-songwriter and rapper. Ocean started his career as a ghostwriter for artists such as Brandy, Justin Bieber, and John Legend. In 2010, he became a member of alternative hip hop collective OFWGKTA also known as Odd Future, and his debut mixtape, Nostalgia, Ultra, was released to critical acclaim in 2011. The singles "Novacane" and "Swim Good" both achieved chart success.

His debut studio album, Channel Orange, was released in July 2012, promoted with three charting singles: "Thinkin Bout You", "Pyramids", and "Sweet Life".

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit Ocean's hometown of New Orleans and his recording facility was destroyed by floodwater and looting. To continue recording music, he moved to Los Angeles and intended to stay for just six weeks but decided to stay longer and develop his music career after establishing contact with people in the music industry. He recorded some demos at a friend's studio and shopped them around Los Angeles.

After getting a songwriting deal, he started working with other record producers and wrote songs for artists such as Justin Bieber, John Legend, Brandy, and Beyoncé. Ocean later said of his work at the time, "There was a point where I was composing for other people, and it might have been comfy to continue to do that and enjoy that income stream and the anonymity. But that's not why I moved away from school and away from family."

Ocean became one of the first major African-American music artists to announce that he had once fallen in love with someone of the same sex, notable because that music scene is known for homophobia.Ocean wrote an open letter, initially intended for the liner notes on Channel Orange, that would preemptively address speculation about his same-sex attraction. Instead, on July 4, 2012, he published an open letter on his Tumblr blog recounting unrequited feelings he had for another young man when he was 19 years old, citing it as his first true love. He used the blog to thank the man for his influence, and also thanked his mother and other friends, saying "I don't know what happens now, and that's alrite. I don't have any secrets I need kept anymore … I feel like a free man."

Members of the hip hop industry generally responded positively to the announcement. Russell Simmons, a business magnate in the hip hop industry, wrote a congratulatory article in Global Grind saying "Your decision to go public about your sexual orientation gives hope and light to so many young people still living in fear." Other artists who expressed their support included Beyoncé and Jay-Z.

1990 – Placido Domingo and Andre Watts raised $1.5 million at a fundraiser for the Gay Men's Health Crisis.

1998 – On this date Welsh secretary Ron Davies resigned from Tony Blair's Labour Party government after British tabloids reported he was robbed at knife-point in a London park while looking for a male sexual companion. Although he subsequently came out as Bisexual, Davies referred to the incident as his "moment of madness."

In 1999 Davies was successfully elected on 6 May 1999 as Member of the Welsh Assembly in the Caerphilly Constituency, and chaired the Economic Development Committee after Alun Michael refused to appoint him to his Cabinet. Shortly before the 2003 assembly elections, "The Sun" revealed that Davies had been visiting a well-known cruising spot near a motorway lay-by (rest stop). When challenged as to what he had been doing there, Davies initially denied being there, then told reporters that he had been going for a short walk, adding: "I have actually been there when I have been watching badgers." Davies was forced to stand down as Labour candidate in the election.

2009 – President Barack Obama signed the The Matthew Shepard Act (officially the "Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act") into law. The Act expanded the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. It was finally passed after almost two decades of attempts to pass it through Congress and over stiff opposition by members of the Republican party. During debate in the House of Representatives, Republican Representative Virginia Foxx of North Carolina called the "hate crime" labeling of Shepard's murder a "hoax."

[memcrs]

꒰      ˚      ( jordan fisher, cis man, he/him ) — 🎬 just announced, nico sharpe has been cast as chad danforth in the upcoming high school musical reboot. the twenty four year old is trending as people are debating if the observant glances, hidden behind a sunshine smile, being friends with everyone, ghost stories told around the campfire, the choice between contentment and endless ambition and long confident strides forward ; no matter the adversities that they are known for is enough to make them as good as original. a quick google search shows that their fans call them felicific, but internet trolls think they’re more heedless. i guess their newest interview for variety where they talk about how he once walked up 10 flights of stairs because there was a lizard in the elevator will let people to know them better.

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐎𝐍𝐄   :   𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐒.

full   name:   nicholas callum  sharpe.  nicknames:   nico, cole.  dob:  october  17th.  age:   24. birthplace:  los angeles,   california.   current   residence:  los angeles,   california.  gender:  cis  man.  orientation:  bisexual.  languages:  english,  swedish,  french,   italian.  occupation:  actor,  musician.  education:  completed  private  school. character  inspo:   chad  dylan  cooper  (  sonny  with  a  chance  ),  chad danforth ( high school musical ), jake  peralta  (  b99  ),  austin  moon  (  austin  &  ally  ),  andré  harris  (  victorious  ),  caleb  rivers  (  pretty little liars  ), nick miller + winston bishop ( new girl ).  voice  claim:  jordan  fisher.

𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘺.

𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 : the backyardigans : tyrone ( voice ) the good place : chidi anagonye 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑠 : let it shine : cyrus teen beach movie : seacat teen beach 2 : seacat grease! live : doody rent live : mark cohen high school musical reboot : chad danforth 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑒 : hamilton : aaron burr dear evan hansen : evan hansen hadestown : orpheus

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐓𝐖𝐎   :   𝐁𝐀𝐂𝐊𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘.

our  story  begins  on  a  windy  morning  in  los  angeles,  california.  after  hours  in  the  waiting  room,  the  crying  sounds  of  a  baby  are  heard  in  the  hallway;  two  parents  are  welcoming  their  second  son  into  the  world:  nicholas.  everyone  in  the  sharpe  family  was  awaiting  that  moment.  only  a  couple  hours  born  and  the  sound  of  endless  laughter  fills  the  room,  turning  into  a  permanent  echo  in  nico’s  head.  his  parents  were  both  enthused,  even  though  nico  wasn’t  their  first  child  his  arrival  was  a  gift  for  both  of  them  and  their  little  growing  family.  it  took  the  couple  about  six  years  to  have  another  child  after  their  firstborn  due  to  a  never  ending  share  of  complications.  both  sides  of  the  families  were  concerned  that  they  weren’t  going  to  look  for  more  kids  —  something  that,  for  whatever  reason,  was  a  horrifying  thought  —  since  the  couple  never  publicly  shared  their  relationship  struggles.  luckily  for  them,  and  the  couple,  things  turned  around  for  the  better.  

now,  the  first  few  years  of  nico’s  life,  he  never  truly  understood  what  he  had  managed  to  find  himself  in.  having  no  concept  of  fame  or  stardom,  being  kept  away  from  the  flashes  of  cameras  for  as  long  as  he  can  remember.  it  wasn’t  until  he  entered  kindergarten  that  he  started  to  slowly  grasp  a  bit  more  of  that  world.  despite  this,  nico’s  early  childhood  remains  pretty  close  to  his  heart.  his  parents  were  wonderful,  even  though  they  always  seemed  to  be  busy  with  their  careers  yet  none  of  their  children  ever  truly  felt  like  they  were  totally absent  in  their  lives. sure, sometimes they would miss a school play or two, but they were pros at distributing the absences between the two of them equally ( if his mom wasn't there, his dad would be and viceversa ).

jumping  ahead  to  when  he  was  in  college,  he  had  already  been  eyeing  the  world  of  acting  and  performing,  a  very  vivid  memory  of  his  mom  taking  him  on  a  ‘ bring  your  son  to  work ’  kind  of  day  and  seeing  her  in  her  element  first-hand,  plays  in  his  mind  again  and  again.  seeing  the  way  she  took  over  the  character  and  made  it  her  own,  basically  transforming  in  front  of  his  very  eyes.  that  was  the  time  where  he  felt  enamored  by  theater.  after  that,  he  just  wanted  to  be  on  the  screen  and  performing.

after  years  of  taking  many,  many  classes  and  being  casted  for  short  commercials;  at  the  age  of  18,  nico  with  the  help  of  his  parents  signed  into  an  agency.  pretty  shortly,  he  was  getting  all  kinds  of  auditions  for  all  different  types  of  shows  and  commercials.  after  a  few  rejections,  he  started  getting  call  backs  saying  he  got  the  part.  they  were  all  very  small  at  the  start,  given  his  lack  of  experience  yet,  he  constantly  received  praises  for  how  much  of  a  natural  he  was  in  front  of  the  cameras.  jumping  ahead  to  2016,  he  got  casted  for  the  role  of  chidi  in  nbc’s  show,  the  good  place;  his  big  break.  this  was  the  first  step  into  trying  to  create  his  own  name  and  identity  away  from  his  parents.  he was proud of being a sharpe, but, the expectations of the last name were, at one point, very suffocating.

aside  from  acting,  nico  devoted  most  of  his  teenage  years  into  dancing  and  singing.  showing  his  incline  for  music  and  art  in  various  forms  since  he  was  a  kid.  he  remembers  the  first  time  he  went  to  a  broadway  show  with  his  mom,  they  went  to  watch  aladdin.  now,  the  kid  loved  aladdin  as  well,  but  something  about  the  energy,  the  performance,  the  visuals  happened  to  take  over  everything  for  him.  suddenly,  life  felt  very  much  like  a  that's  so  raven  vision,  he  could  envision  himself  in  a  stage  like  that  in  the  future  and  the  idea  of  that  was  magical.  he  never  knew  you  could  get  so  much  euphoria  from  a  dream. so,  he  started  looking  into  doing  musicals.  with  this,  he  started  sending  resumes  whenever  auditions  for  a  new  musical  would  be  announced.  this  lead  to  him  getting  casted  in  a  few  musicals  such  as  grease  where  he  was  casted  as  doody,  and  rent  where  he  was  casted  as  mark  cohen.  after  the  good  place  ended,  he  continued  doing  a  lot  of  musicals  such  as  hamilton  where  he  got  casted  as  aaron  burr  and  hadestown  as  orpheus.  

in the midst of all his musicals and movies, he also began to start up his singing career outside of musicals. he started uploading videos of song covers to youtube, as well as working on his own singles as an artist. aside from this, he also worked on various soundtracks of different movies. eventually, he ended up releasing his first EP to the public. we’re  now  in  the  present  and  things  continue  to  look  up  to  nico.  having  recently  getting  offered  the  role  of  chad  danforth  in  the  netflix’s  high  school  musical  reboot. 

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐄𝐄   :   𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐒��𝐍𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘.

if  you  look  up  the  definition  of  extrovert  in  the  dictionary,  nico's  face  would  show  up.  he  is  an  incredibly  social  person,  someone  who  is  desperate  to  know  what  you’re  thinking  or  what  are  the  things  that  make you  move.  incredibly  expressive,  he  kind  of  wears  his  emotions  on  his  sleeve, he doesn't hide  what  he  is  feeling.  he  always  tries  to  be  the  person  in  the  room  to  make  the  dumbest  joke  if  he  senses  that  the  air  gets  the  tiniest  bit  tense  so  as  to  lighten  up  the  vibe.  he  is  a  perfectionist  and  super  self-critical,  he’s  probably  his  #1  hater  in  the  sense  that  he  always  thinks  he  needs  to  try  harder,  like  he’s  not  doing  enough.  he  could  be  doing  a  summersault  on  stage  and  it  could  come  out  being  incredible  but  he  would  still  say  ‘  i  need  to  try  harder,  let  me  do  it  again  ‘,  it’s  somehow  never  good  enough  for  him,  he’s  really  critical  of  his  work  and  performance.  whereas  with  other  artists  he  thinks  anything  they  do  is  out  of  this  world.  holds  himself  at  an  unrealistic  high  standard  that  he  thinks  he  never  reaches. he  is  a  very  people  driven  person,  very  empathetic,  can  sort  of  be  an  emotional  barometer  for  everyone  around  him.  loves  making  connections  with  people,  has  a  very  deep  desire  to  be  liked  therefore  is  incredibly  sensitive  to  feedback  whether  it  is  positive  or  negative,  obviously  negative  feedback  affects  him  way  more  than  the  positive  still  not  knowing  how  to  not  let  it  get  to  him  as  bad  as  it  does.  he's  very  emotionally  in  tune  when  it  comes  to  other  people  and  being  open  with  others  about  their  emotions,  he loves connecting emotionally with others. he doesn't try nor hides how he feels, being very upfront with his emotions. if he's angry or sad, he'll let you know and you'll definitely see it. he  is  a  very  calm  person,  he  doesn't  let  anyone  or  anything  disturb  his  peace.  he prefers to not give other people that much power over him. in  a  emergency  situation  you  can  always  count  on  him  to  keep  his  cool  at  all  times.  never  one  to  emotionally  explode,  not  because  he's  ashamed  to  show  that  or  is  unable  to  express  that  but  because  he  thinks  that  not  everything  is  worth  or  deserves  a  reaction.  so,  if  he's  gonna  exhaust  himself  emotionally,  it  has to  be  for  a  good  and  deserving  reason. he  is  constantly  challenging  himself,  whether  that  is  going  out  of  his  comfort  zone  both  profesionally  and  personally  or  experimenting  with  new  things,  he  hates  feeling  like  he  is  stuck  or  trapped,  so  anything  that  gives  him  the  sensation  of  adventure,  release  or  change  is  incredibly  important  to  him.  he  likes  to  pretend  like  he  doesn’t  catch  feelings  but  he  actually  does  so  ridiculously  fast,  this  clip  defines  him.  when  it  comes  to  relationships,  he  doesn’t  really  care  about  privacy  unless  we’re  talking  about  really  meaningful,  intense  relationships;  those  he  actually  protects  from  everybody  with  a  lock  &  key.  but  anything  that  he  might  consider  foolish  and  meaningless,  he  doesn't really invest that much time or deep care for.

𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐅𝐎𝐔𝐑   :   𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒.

best  friends:

ride  or  die:  

ex  -  flings ( could've ended good or bad )

pr  relationship:

flirtationship:

frenemies:

unlikely friends:

good / bad influence:

someone he just can't seem to click with, no matter how hard he tries, they just don't get along:

one sided crush:

[handandhandnz]

Early Learning Centre at Hamilton – Nurturing Young Minds

The Early Learning Centre at Hamilton provides a nurturing and engaging environment for children to grow, learn, and explore. With a focus on early childhood development, our experienced educators create personalized learning experiences. We prepare your child for a bright future with a blend of play-based learning and foundational skills.

[itsrattysworld]

Without Prejudice Mervelee Myers Abandoned Rejected To Die Slowly Of Torture After I Exhausted Legal Systems Metropolitan Police Sent Holly Sweeney P255654 Nikki Wright P240060 Ben Godfrey P255842 Harry Stack P255641 Under Cover Of LEYF Margaret Horn Lecture To End My Life To Say I Commit Suicide Beaten Taken Out Half Clothe Handcuffs My Husband In Kitchen Did Not Know What Was Happening MOPAC Resport Neil Sollis Nikki Babb Said I Was Tensing Calling For Tom I Was Handcuff To Avoid Escape Protect 3 Officers I Was Wrestling With PC Twice My Size Grab Taser Handle Of Other Am Mental Physical Impairments 2006 Chronic Anxiety Open University Exam I Don't Have Parkinson's Diagnosis Can't Claim Disability With My Contributions To Early Childhood Education As A Basic School Teacher How Did June O'Sullivan Label Me UURICA-LE I Fronted Ofsted BIB CEO Long Service Award To Criminal Need ERT Cover MIC Abusers At HOC Nursery Violent Nuisance 22 Years Deborah Agnes Gilchrist Hate Crimes Housing For Women Unlawful Injunction Imprisonment Threats Evictions I Watch Husband Traumatised Since Death Of Mama Lou With Dementia 10 Year Cycle Continuing As I Cry For Help Families Friends Leave Me To Suffer In Silence 19/1/2024

Without Prejudice Mervelee Myers Listen To Story Of Brother Sister Whose Mother Died He Spent 16 Years In Prison He Can’t Read She To Prostitution I Was Trauamatise Disabilities Poverty Ashter Died In Jail Sexuality After Death Mama Lou Experience Multiple Hate Crimes Cover LEYF MIC Abusers Rings Of Richard Harty Targeted By Metropolitan Police On Behalf Of A-Z Emma Martin-Hamilton Deborah Agnes…

[toothcareguide]

Uplifting Radiance: Pediatric Dentistry and Teeth Whitening Clinics in Hamilton

A bright, radiant smile has the power to uplift spirits and boost confidence, especially in children. Ensuring proper dental care from a young age is crucial not only for oral health but also for the overall well-being of a child. In Hamilton, residents have the privilege of access to exceptional dental care through Rosewood Dentistry. In this blog post, we will explore the realm of pediatric dentistry and the growing trend of teeth whitening clinics in Hamilton, shedding light on the importance of these services in fostering healthy and beautiful smiles.

Pediatric Dentistry in Hamilton: Nurturing Little Smiles

Children are the future, and their dental health plays a pivotal role in shaping their overall well-being. Pediatric dentistry goes beyond routine check-ups; it is about creating a positive and comfortable environment for young patients. Rosewood Dentistry, a leading name in pediatric dentistry in Hamilton, understands the unique needs of children and strives to make every dental visit a pleasant experience.

1. Early Dental Care: Laying the Foundation for a Lifetime of Smiles

The journey to a beautiful smile begins in childhood. Rosewood Dentistry focuses on preventive care, emphasizing the importance of early dental check-ups. Regular visits to a pediatric dentist can detect and address dental issues in their infancy, preventing more significant problems in the future. The dedicated team at Rosewood Dentistry educates both children and parents on proper oral hygiene practices, setting the stage for a lifetime of healthy smiles.

2. Creating a Comfortable Atmosphere: Easing Dental Anxiety in Children

Dental anxiety is a common concern among children, often leading to resistance towards dental visits. Rosewood Dentistry takes a unique approach by creating a warm and friendly atmosphere. The staff is trained to work with children, ensuring that each visit is a positive and stress-free experience. From colorful waiting areas to gentle and reassuring staff, Rosewood Dentistry excels in making dental appointments enjoyable for young patients.

Teeth Whitening Clinics in Hamilton: Illuminating Smiles for All Ages

While pediatric dentistry focuses on the early stages of dental care, teeth whitening clinics cater to individuals of all ages seeking a brighter, more radiant smile. In Hamilton, the demand for teeth whitening services has seen a significant rise, with clinics like Rosewood Dentistry at the forefront of this transformative trend.

3. Beyond Aesthetics: The Psychological Impact of a Bright Smile

Teeth whitening is often associated with cosmetic benefits, but its impact extends beyond aesthetics. Studies suggest that a bright smile can boost self-esteem and contribute to a positive self-image. Rosewood Dentistry recognizes the psychological benefits of teeth whitening and offers state-of-the-art services that not only enhance smiles but also uplift spirits.

4. Professional Teeth Whitening: A Safe and Effective Approach

With numerous over-the-counter teeth whitening products flooding the market, the importance of professional teeth whitening cannot be overstated. Rosewood Dentistry employs advanced techniques and uses high-quality products to ensure safe and effective teeth whitening. Their experienced team tailors whitening treatments to individual needs, considering factors such as sensitivity and desired results.

Conclusion

In the heart of Hamilton, Rosewood Dentistry stands as a beacon of excellence, combining top-tier pediatric dentistry and cutting-edge teeth whitening services. The commitment to nurturing young smiles and brightening teeth reflects their dedication to overall oral health and well-being. Whether you're a parent seeking the best for your child or an individual aspiring to enhance your smile, Rosewood Dentistry is your trusted partner on this journey.

We invite you to share your thoughts and experiences with pediatric dentistry and teeth whitening clinics. Have you visited Rosewood Dentistry, or do you have other recommendations in Hamilton? Your insights are valuable in fostering a community that prioritizes dental health and radiant smiles.

[influencermagazineuk]

Curtis Bowles, The Older Half-Brother of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson

Curtis Bowles, The Older Half-Brother of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson Curtis Bowles is more than just a name in the shadow of wrestling and acting legend Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. Born on June 1, 1965, Curtis, who is now 58 years old, shares a unique family connection with Dwayne as they both hail from the lineage of the late Rocky Johnson, a celebrated Canadian professional wrestler. However, Curtis has led a relatively private life, distinct from the glitzy careers of his father and half-brother. Curtis Bowles's Family Legacy Curtis Bowles's father, Rocky Johnson, originally named Wayde Douglas Bowles, was a renowned Canadian professional wrestler. In contrast, his half-brother, Dwayne Johnson, aka The Rock, carved a multifaceted career as an American actor, film producer, and former professional wrestler. The Johnson family, particularly Rocky and Dwayne, achieved tremendous fame during their wrestling careers, thrusting Curtis into the public eye. While he may not be as famous as his father and brother, Curtis Bowles has led a life of his own. Early Life and Background Curtis Bowles was born in Hayward, California, USA, and is the son of Rocky Johnson and his first wife, Una Sparks. Although Curtis is the only son of Rocky and Una, he also has a sister named Wanda Bowles, with whom he grew up in Canada. Curtis holds Canadian nationality and identifies with African-Canadian ethnicity. Following his parents' divorce, Curtis and his sister, Wanda, split their time between Florida and Canada, residing with their respective parents. While Una Sparks lived in Florida, Rocky Johnson continued to live in Canada. Curtis Bowles, The Older Half-Brother of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson A Private Life Not much is known about Curtis Bowles's educational background or his professional pursuits. He maintains a deliberate distance from the public eye, choosing to keep his personal and professional life confidential. Curtis gained prominence primarily due to his family ties to his famous father and half-brother. Sibling Relationship Contrary to popular belief, Curtis Bowles and Dwayne Johnson are not twins. Curtis is seven years older than Dwayne and shares a different mother. Dwayne was born to Rocky Johnson and his second wife, Ata Maivia, daughter of the legendary wrestler "High Chief" Peter Maivia. Curtis' mother, Una Sparks, and Rocky divorced in 1978 after Rocky's decision to continue wrestling clashed with Una's faith as a Jehovah's Witness. Despite the divorce, Rocky and Una remained amicable. Dwayne Johnson's birth, resulting from Rocky's relationship with Ata, marked a new chapter in the family's history. Although Curtis Bowles and Dwayne Johnson share different mothers, their bond as half-siblings remains strong. Family Ties and Shared Moments Curtis, Dwayne, and Wanda share a close relationship and often attend family events together. Curtis proudly showcases his siblings on Instagram, celebrating birthdays and National Siblings Day with nostalgic photos from their childhood. Dwayne reciprocates the affection, demonstrating the brothers' strong and harmonious bond. Career Path Curtis Bowles reportedly had opportunities to join the WWE alongside Dwayne but found wrestling not to be his forte due to his limited combat skills. He briefly ventured into wrestling, following in his father's footsteps, before realizing it wasn't his calling. Apart from occasional appearances at family gatherings, Curtis maintains a low profile. Some sources suggest he runs a business in Hamilton, Ontario, where he resides with his family. A Family of Wrestling Legends Curtis Bowles belongs to one of the world's most famous wrestling dynasties. His father, Rocky Johnson, achieved fame in the WWF and became the company's first black champion. Rocky's wrestling career spanned from 1985 to 1991, during which he won multiple NWA Tag Team Championships. He later trained his son, Dwayne, for a wrestling career. Dwayne Johnson, following his father's path, embarked on a successful wrestling journey, accumulating eleven WWE Championships, two Intercontinental Championships, and five Tag Team Championships. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2008. Transitioning into acting, Dwayne has become one of Hollywood's leading stars, earning numerous awards and starring in blockbuster films that collectively grossed over $10 billion worldwide. Personal Life Curtis Bowles is a married man and a father to five children, including three sons and two daughters. While the names of his wife and the mothers of his children remain undisclosed, his son Tristan has ventured into college-level athletics, playing college football. In April 2020, Tristan welcomed a baby boy with his partner, making Curtis a grandfather. Katriel, another of Curtis's sons, is also reportedly married, though little is known about his two daughters and their current endeavors. Read the full article

[futurekidspreschool-blog]

Childcare & Preschool in New Plymouth | Future Kids

Future Kids' preschools in New Zealand adopt a unique take on early childhood education. They practice Te Whâriki as part of their curriculum, which focuses on developing children to become competent and confident learners and communicators and help them become healthy in mind, body, and spirit. It also aims to secure kids a healthy sense of belonging and therefore allow them to make valuable contributions to society.

Deemed as one the best childcare Hamilton provides, Future Kids Preschools are committed to providing a well-balanced programme that blends the interest of the child and the aspirations of both parents and teachers. This is what makes them one of the best centres in the country; they are able to provide children experiences and opportunities to explore, express, and encourage a love for learning and ultimately enable them to confidently live in their world.

Their vision is to empower children and adults to be creative, take risks, and promote positive attitudes and values that will lead to learning and nurturing of our inner selves and the environment. Through sustainable practices, Future Kids enables kids to roam and develop skills in natural, outdoor spaces; enabling them to consume wholesome food and providing the perfect environment for kids to grow.

The Te Rapa Preschool is one of its daycare Hamilton locations. Their daycare New Plymouth is set to open mid-2019.

For more information on Preschool New Plymouth or Early Childhood Education New Plymouth visit the website.

[yr-obedt-cicero]

Biography of Philip Hamilton

I got to dedicate an entire essay to this funky little dude now all of you can read what I learned

Childhood

Philip Hamilton was the first born child and son of Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, and Alexander Hamilton. He was born in Albany, New York, on January 22nd, 1782. He was named after his grandfather from his mother's side, Philip Schuyler.

Hamilton was a very affectionate father, and was filled with pride and joy for his newborn son. Commonly rambling of his son with great delight. Dated August 27, 1782, Hamilton wrote the following to his fellow aide de camp, and close friend, Richard Kidder Meade, describing 7 month old Philip:

"You reproach me with not having said enough about our little stranger. When I wrote last I was not sufficiently acquainted with him to give you his character. I may now assure you... [h]e is truly a very fine young gentleman, the most agreeable in his conversation and manners of any I ever knew—nor less remarkable for his intelligence and sweetness of temper. You are not to imagine by my beginning with his mental qualifications that he is defective in personal. It is agreed on all hands, that he is handsome, his features are good, his eye is not only sprightly and expressive but it is full of benignity. His attitude in sitting is by connoisseurs esteemed graceful and he has a method of waving his hand that announces the future orator. He stands however rather awkwardly and his legs have not all the delicate slimness of his fathers. It is feared He may never excel as much in dancing which is probably the only accomplishment in which he will not be a model. If he has any fault in manners, he laughs too much. He has now passed his Seventh Month."

(source)

Hamilton would also say his son was "attended with all the omens of future greatness,". He would even spend hours rocking the cradle that held his little prodigy.

Hamilton had high hopes for his children, and was constantly checking in upon their studies to make sure they were succeeding. Most likely ensuring they got the education he had to fight for at their age. We can see that habit start to bloom when in late 1791, Philip, age 9, was sent to attend a boarding school in Trenton, studying with William Frazer, an Episcopal clergyman and rector of St. Michael's Church. In early December, his father wrote with enthusiasm from Philadelphia:

"Your Master also informs me that you recited a lesson the first day you began, very much to his satisfaction. I expect every letter from him will give me a fresh proof of your progress. For I know that you can do a great deal, if you please, and I am sure you have too much spirit not to exert yourself, that you may make us every day more and more proud of you."

(source)

In 1794, his younger brother, eight year old Alexander Jr., joined him at the boarding school. But soon, Philip Hamilton would enroll in Columbia College (Then King's College: the same his father attended). The only surviving letter from Philip is a letter to his father of his school experience, dated April, 21st, 1797:

"I delivered my speech to Dr. Johnson to examine. He has no objection to my speaking; but he has blotted out that sentence which appears to be the best and most animated in it; which is, you may recollect it “Americans, you have fought the battles of mankind; you have enkindled that sacred fire of freedom which is now.”—"

(source)

In 1797, Philip suffered from a serious illness, and his father got the best of doctors and medicines to treat him. He had thankfully, recovered in a weeks time.

Though as a caring father, he also tended to be a little controlling in aspects. Though it was only in good nature of Hamilton being protective (That being another notable fatherly trait of his). As Philip was getting older, Hamilton made sure he was still following rules and calls. As such, when Philip had graduated Hamilton wrote a list of rules for his son in 1800, that practically pre-planned his days throughout the year:

"Rules for Mr Philip Hamilton from the first of April to the first of October he is to rise not later than Six Oclock—The rest of the year not later than Seven. If Earlier he will deserve commendation. Ten will be his hour of going to bed throughout the year. From the time he is dressed in the morning till nine o clock (the time for breakfast Excepted) he is to read Law. At nine he goes to the office & continues there till dinner time—he will be occupied partly in the writing and partly in reading law. After Dinner he reads law at home till five O clock. From this hour till Seven he disposes of his time as he pleases. From Seven to ten he reads and Studies what ever he pleases. From twelve on Saturday he is at Liberty to amuse himself. On Sunday he will attend the morning Church. The rest of the day may be applied to innocent recreations. He must not Depart from any of these rules without my permission."

(source)

Sometime in August the young Hamilton would take a trip through Providence, Rhode Island. It is then that Hamilton, being the mother hen he was, made sure folks in town could somewhat supervise his son. A letter for Jeremiah Olney dated August 12th, shows this as Hamilton wasn't too keen on Philip being away from home for too long:

"Dr Sir. As my eldest son Philip, who lately graduated, will pass through Providence on his way to Boston, I give him this line barely to introduce him to you; since the time I have prescribed for his return will not permit the stay of more than a day at Providence.

Yrs. with true regard, A Hamilton

Col Olney"

(source)

Then a year later, a trip to Philadelphia. Benjamin Rush had been able to meet with the boy, and spoke positively of the experience. Though the recall is posthumous, and some sugar coating could have been involved since it had been in Philip's memory. On the 26th of November, 1801, Rush wrote:

"Dear Sir! Permit a whole family to mingle their tears with yours upon the late distressing event that has taken place in your family.

It may perhaps help to sooth your grief when I add to that united expression of Sympathy, that your Son had made himself very dear to my family during his late visit to Philadelphia, by the most engaging deportment. His visits to us were daily, and after each of them he left us with fresh impressions of the correctness of his understanding and manners, and of the goodness of his disposition. To One of my Children he has endeared himself by an Act of friendship & benevolence that did great honor to his heart, and will be rememb[e]red with gratitude by Mrs. Rush, and myself as long as we live. My Son has preserved a record of it in an elegant and friendly letter which he received from him After his return to New York.

You do not weep alone. Many, many tears have been Shed in our city upon your Account.

It afforded your friends great Consolation to hear of the pious manner in which your son closed the last hours of his life. God does not judge, nor condemn like man. There are no limits to his mercy.

My dear Mrs Rush joins in respectful Sympathy with Mrs Hamilton with Dr Sir

Yours sincerely, Benja. Rush

Genl Hamilton"

(source)

Though on the exact same trip, Philip shows some of his immaturity. Philip had been nineteen at the time, and age standards had been very different during the 18th century, as you were still considered a teenager at that age (Yet allowed to marry and graduate from college, and such). So it goes to show Philip had some teenage rebellion in him. As two months after his death, in January 1802, a bill came in for Hamilton from Charles W. Hare. Basically saying that, Philip had left town with a unpaid tavern bill he wasn't expecting his parents to find out about:

“I have paid 20 Dlls 67 to the keeper of the city tavern on account of your son’s bill and have taken a receipt in full. I enquired for other bills, but could not find any, and I believe he owed nothing more.”

(source)

Nonetheless, back to where we were: he was surrounded by a loving family. He had grown to be very close with his younger sister, Angelica Hamilton. She had been the second born and first born daughter of the Hamilton family, only two years younger than her brother. Angelica was described as being very sensitive and having a passion for music.

His grandfather, Philip Schuyler, had also been very affectionate and proud of the boy. Writing August 25th, 1800, about Philip's graduation with pride:

“I rejoice My Dear Son that My Philip has Acquited himself so well, and hope that his future progress may correspond with Your & My wishes.”

(source)

It is safe to claim, that Philip had been a young man of genius but also mischief. He seems to have done well in school, probably having some talent with the pen from his father. Though despite the elder Hamilton having been a strict and vigilant father, he hadn't shown too much of any anger towards Philip's misconduct. If anything, just minor fond disappointment, as on the 25th of October, 1801, Hamilton wrote to his wife from Albany:

"I am anxious to hear from Philip. Naughty young man. But you must permit nothing to trouble you and regain your precious health."

(source)

Duel

George Eacker in his later years.

Yet, it also seems Philip had taken on too much after his father, as he had been willfully stubborn and defiant. Which leads to the Eacker-Hamilton duel. George I. Eacker, a 27-year-old lawyer, had given an Independence Day speech hosted by a New York State Militia brigade and by the Tammany Society (The Tammany Society, also known as Tammany Hall, was a politically Democratic-Republican party. Opposing the federalists, that Hamilton was one of). In the speech, Eacker reportedly said that Hamilton would not be opposed to overthrowing Thomas Jefferson's presidency by force. Additionally, in politics, Eacker was known to be aligned with Aaron Burr (Political rival of Hamilton's).

According to a supporter, the speech that Eacker had was commended by "nearly everybody" except for partisans who were "blinded... to every virtue" by "party spirit, which at that time was very bitter." Many also wondered if the speech was even slanderous against Alexander Hamilton, as it had been later claimed as. According to a 19th-century historian who relied on Eacker's younger brother as a source, perhaps bias source, the speech was entirely patriotic and supposedly did not involve Hamilton.

Philip Hamilton had disagreed apparently. So when fates allowed the two to meet in a theater, a challenge of a duel endured. On November 20th, 1801, a Friday night, Eacker attended a play at the Park Theatre with his fiancée Harriet Livingston. There is only one account of what took place as to start the dispute, by Thomas Fleming in his book Duel: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Future of America.

"Philip and his friend Richard Price had invaded Eacker’s box at the Park Theater and taunted him about a speech he had made on July 4, 1801. Eacker had hailed President Thomas Jefferson as the rescuer of the Constitution and implied that General Hamilton was not averse to seizing power with a coup d’etat. Philip’s hooliganish conduct suggest he and friend Price were drunk. Realistic Robert Troup, belying his fond parents’ view of Philip’s talents and promise, described him as a ‘sad rake.’..."

(source)

It also said that Eacker had called them "Damned rascals" provoking their challenge to a duel, which would have made sense if they had been drunk. Not much is certain in regards to the duel, Philip Hamilton acquired his uncle in law's, John Church Baker's, pistols, and the location had been Weehawken, New Jersey (The same pistols and location Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr would face off with). The spot was chosen for a reason, as dueling in New York had been illegal. So they had to quickly cross over the Hudson river.

A plaque marks the location in Weehawken, New Jersey, where Philip Hamilton and his father Alexander engaged in their respective duels.

Price and Eacker dueled first, both shooting, but no injuries or death, and honor was satisfied. Philip would not be so lucky. As the next day, November 23rd, 1801, Philip took his father's advice, and refused to raise his pistol to fire after he and Eacker had counted ten paces and faced each other (Deloping, which is a french term for "throwing away your shot). Eacker followed suit, and for the first minute or two, both men stood, doing nothing, both refusing to shoot. After a bit, Eacker finally raised his pistol, and Philip did the same. Eacker shot and Philip also fired his pistol before he hit the ground (It is debatable wether Philip intended to shoot for Eacker, but rather his shot being a reaction jerk of the hand.) Nonetheless, the bullet did nothing.

What was clear, is that Philip had been shot above his left hip, and the bullet lodged into his arm. Despite bleeding out upon the ground, Philip appeared very calm and collected. According to what the New York post:

"His manner on the ground was calm and composed beyond expression [...] The idea of his own danger seemed to be lost in anticipation of the satisfaction which he might receive from the final triumph of his generous moderation."

(source)

Philip would be then sailed across the river to Manhattan, to the home of his aunt, Angelica Schuyler Church. To which she also agreed, "His conduct was extraordinary during this trial."

Death

Alexander Hamilton heard the news of his dying 19 year old son. He rushed to see Doctor, David Hosack, (The very same physician who would help him after his own fatal duel in 1804.) Hamilton had hoped to retrieve Hosack to help tend to his son. But when he arrived, Hosack's family told Hamilton that he already heard about the duel, and had already left for the home of John and Angelica Church, where Philip had been taken. According to Hosack, Hamilton "was so much overcome by his anxiety that he fainted and remained some time in my family before he was sufficiently recovered to proceed." Eventually, Hamilton awoke and hurried off to Angelica's. Hosack wrote that "he instantly turned from the bed and, taking me by the hand, which he grasped with all the agony of grief, he exclaimed in a tone and manner that can never be effaced from my memory, 'Doctor, I despair.'"

Elizabeth Hamilton, having been three months pregnant with her soon to be son (Philip Hamilton, the second), arrived sometime after. The two heartbroken parents would sit by Philip's bedside throughout the night, until Philip Hamilton would pass after making a profession of Faith. At 5 am, fourteen hours after he had been shot and fatally injured.

Philip was buried on a stormy day, it was said that as Hamilton approached his son's grave, he had to be held up by friends and family, due to the immense grief. Philip's unmarked grave is near the graves of his parents and aunt, in the churchyard of Trinity Church in New York City.

Aftermath

Philip's family would never fully recover from the incident that was his death. His younger sister, Angelica, would suffer from a mental breakdown from the news, that she would never recover from. It's not known what it was, but her mental state deteriorated until she could barely recognize family members. She spent the rest of her life in a state described as "eternal childhood," often talking to her brother as if he were still alive.

Angelica's nephew, psychiatrist Allan McLane Hamilton, had said his aunt as an "invalid", and her condition to be a type of "insanity". He wrote saying, "Upon receipt of the news of her brother's death in the Eacker duel, she suffered so great a shock that her mind became permanently impaired, and although taken care of by her devoted mother for a long time there was no amelioration in her condition."

Despite the odds, her parents tried endlessly to reach to her. Hamilton writing to a friend, Charles Cotesworth Pinckey, in request for some watermelons and three parakeets, as she was very "Fond of birds". Sadly, after the passing of her father and aging of her mother, Angelica would eventually be placed in the care of a Dr. MacDonald of Flushing, Queens. Her nephew writing:

"During her later life she constantly referred to the dear brother so nearly her own age as if alive. Her music, that her father used to oversee and encourage, stayed by her all these years. To the end she played the same old-fashioned songs and minuets upon the venerable piano that had been bought for her, many years before."

(source)

Though the last born of the Hamilton children would be Philip Hamilton Jr., named in honor of his older brother he'd never gotten to meet. Nicknamed Little Phil affectionately by the family.

[worklabournewsresearch]

Survey Sheds Light on how Emotional Labour Has Taken a Toll on Various Workers throughout Pandemic

Brighter World & McMaster University. (2022, February 25). Survey sheds light on how emotional labour has taken a toll on various workers throughout pandemic. Healthing. https://www.healthing.ca/wellness/mental-health/survey-sheds-light-on-how-emotional-labour-has-taken-a-toll-on-various-workers-throughout-pandemic/

Brighter World & McMaster University write: "Newly released survey data from McMaster University has revealed the unique supports human service workers need in the face of increasing stress caused by the pandemic. ... It was clear early in the pandemic that front-line workers like health-care and social service workers would face additional pressures, however, as the pandemic wore on, that pressure seemed to extend beyond this group, says Diana Singh, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Sociology, who led the research. ... Research has shown that without proper workplace supports, emotional labour can cause many problems which include burn-out, reduced job satisfaction and overall well-being and becoming detached from feelings."

"Staff at various regional branches of CMHA were surveyed, along with staff at several library systems, including Hamilton Public Library. More than half of respondents reported severe and moderate stress due to increased social isolation because of COVID-19. They also reported severe and moderate stress about COVID infections among loved ones. 'These two very contrasting occupations show the prevalence of emotional labour and allows us to demonstrate variations in on-the-ground experiences,' says Singh. 'Their interactions with the public may be quite different but the need for training on what emotional labour is and training on the skills that you need to navigate it are universal.'"

Additional Information

Singh, D. et al. (2021, November). Emotions Matter Study: Skill Building, Emotional Resilience and Social Support for Care Workers. McMaster University. https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/crp/documents/cmha-emotions-matter-report-02-06-2022.pdf

(2022, February 7). IWH study finds psychosocial work stressors lead to burnout, but not vice versa. Institute for Work and Health. https://www.iwh.on.ca/newsletters/at-work/107/iwh-study-finds-psychosocial-work-stressors-lead-to-burnout-but-not-vice-versa

Shahidi, F.V. et al. (2022). Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationships Between the Psychosocial Work Environment and Burnout. Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine 64(3), 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002396 UTL Link: https://oce-ovid-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/article/00043764-202203000-00007/HTML

McGinn, D. (2022, March 12). Daycare workers are exiting the profession in droves, just as access for parents opens up. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-daycare-early-childhood-education-workers-leaving-jobs-access/ UTL Link: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2638254845

Photo Source: (2022). Survey sheds light on how emotional labour has taken a toll on various workers throughout pandemic [Photograph]. Healthing. https://www.healthing.ca/wellness/mental-health/survey-sheds-light-on-how-emotional-labour-has-taken-a-toll-on-various-workers-throughout-pandemic/

[shmegmilton]

What was James Madison sick with?

     It’s unclear. Historians have their theories (including some people who say he wasn’t sick at all he was “just a hypochondriac,” which is... an awful take. for several reasons), but there’s obviously no real way to confirm them & medical science wasn’t advanced enough for them to understand anything too complicated, so the notes we do have aren’t that much help.

The Hypochondriac Theory

   Some historians have labeled Madison’s issues as “hysteria” because Madison tended to surround himself with doctors & complain of issues that he ended up not having. After all, he couldn’t have been that sick--he lived to 85! He outlived all the other Founding Fathers! He was lying the whole time, right?

  People tend to use hypochondria (an obsession over your health to the point you think any change is indicative of a serious problem--like thinking a headache lasting more than a few hours is brain cancer) as a passive-aggressive way of saying “you’re faking it.” It’s synonymous with people who worry about nothing & do shit for attention. This is particularly true if your problem is so rare that there isn’t a lot of accurate ways to test for it, so results either come up as inconclusive or negative.

But the main thing that people don’t like to talk about when discussing hypochondria is that it doesn’t just... happen at random. I would know. I have it.

I’ve been sick since I was a newborn; I’ve had 4 brain surgeries, 5 broken arms, 3 bone marrow transplants, bone cysts, 3 eye surgeries (about to be 4), Shunt placements, ETV placements, Hydrocephalus, Osteopenia, brain damage, scars all over my body & 11 surgeries before I was 12 years old. Hypochondria is often the result of legitimate medical episodes, particularly if it’s something traumatizing--directed towards yourself, or towards a close family member.

It’s valid trauma just like anything else, and is oftentimes only “cured” through things like mood stabilizing medication, lifestyle changes, or behavioral therapy.

So, Madison having hypochondria or not is irrelevant to the whole discussion, because (as I can attest) it’s entirely possible to be suffering from hypochondria, & still have “real” medical issues.

Underweight

All of the physical descriptions of Madison we have tell us that he is 5″4′’ & “never weighted over 100lbs,” which... is probably true, but I wouldn’t say never because that’s immediately disprovable once you start looking around; apparently his official weight during his presidency was 122bs. But at that point he was 57, so things could have changed.

Hell, I was 130lbs three years ago & only RECENTLY got to that number again; it’s hard to keep on weight when you’re struggling with health issues.

Weak Immune System

Madison’s immune system has been implied to be very weak. We don’t have that many examples of childhood illnesses or such things like that, but a particularly telling example is how his family discouraged him from attending a local college in Virginia.

He wanted to go to William & Mary, but was dissuaded by his doctors due to malaria outbreaks being very common in the South during the summer. So the assumption there is Madison (who lived in Virginia all his life, summers & all) probably went through something severe recently? Maybe? It’s unclear.

So he went to Princeton (Class of 1771) in New Jersey instead, & was actually one of the first graduates to peruse extra education... but only because he was too sick to travel home & decided to stay a while longer.

Though, there’s also apparently a legend that Madison (because he finished his courseload in 2 years, instead of 3) had a mental breakdown over it & therefore needed to recuperate (with... more work?), but I’ve never been able to find that much information on it.

Seizure-Like Episodes

Following college, in July 1775 Madison attempted to volunteer as a soldier. But during a routine training exercise, Madison all the sudden collapsed (or fainted) & was reportedly unresponsive for several minutes. This would be a common occurrence for pretty much the rest of his life.

     Episodes tended to be accompanied by what Madison described as mild delirium, memory loss & a suspension of “intellectual function.” It’s led some people to theorize he suffered from epilepsy, since it’s common for sufferers to be confused, agitated or upset following an episode—because you often have no memory of it after ‘waking up’. Specifically, the behavior is theorized to be petit mal or “absence” seizures.  

“Vocal Impairment”

     Accounts of what Madison was like as a public speaker all seem to agree that he spoke so softly that it was oftentimes difficult to hear him; it was oftentimes shrill, but quiet & he reportedly had trouble raising his voice to a decent volume.

This one is a bit of a mystery, but Madison had been complaining about a “vocal impairment” as early as his teenage years, in what I can only assume to be some sort of vocal chord issue, or a respiratory problem (like trying to speak when you have something stuck in your throat.)

     As much as I dislike Hamilton, the play actually hints at this in a clever way by having the Madison character speak minimally (as well as carry a handkerchief around). Well done, I guess.

“Biliousness”

     Later in his life, Madison started suffering from something called “biliousness,” which is just an outdated term for conditions that cause gastrointestinal problems, like chronic stomach inflammation or etc.

--

      In the end, James Madison died of (we assume) congestive heart failure at the age of 85, remaining pretty alert up until the last few months before his death. He outlived nearly all of his peers (if we’re counting Burr) & probably did a lot better than what his doctors expected out of him.

[handandhandnz]

Hand and Hand: Best Childcare Centre in Hamilton

Providing a nurturing and safe environment where children thrive, Hand and Hand is dedicated to early childhood education. As the best childcare centre in Hamilton , we focus on personalized care, fostering creativity, learning, and growth. Trust us to guide your child's bright future!

[handeaux]

17 Curious (And Occasionally Famous) Cincinnati Dogs

Early Aeronaut

Richard Clayton, proprietor of a watch shop on the corner of Sycamore and Second streets in Cincinnati, gained international fame in 1835 when he flew a balloon from Cincinnati to Monroe County, Virginia. Shortly after liftoff from an amphitheater on Court Street, between Race and Elm, Clayton released a parachute which descended slowly to earth. Suspended from the parachute was a little (and unnamed) dog, who was returned safely to its owner. The owner refused large sums of money to part with his pioneering aeromutt.

Lusus Naturae

Cincinnati witnessed the birth of a most unusual dog in 1858. A bull terrier owned by Smith Betts of Western Row (today’s Central Avenue) gave birth to a litter including a puppy with three normal legs and a foreleg from which, where a paw should have been located, was a perfectly formed puppy head. According to the Cincinnati Commercial Tribune [17 May 1858]: “The little curiosity was as lively as a cricket, but Mr. Betts procured the service of a lad, who, for a dime, drowned it in the canal.”

Dog Days At The Zoo

In its early days, the Cincinnati Zoo offered displays of dogs. On the Zoo’s opening day in 1875, visitors could view a Newfoundland, two mastiffs, some poodles, “Danish hounds” (Great Danes) and greyhounds. Some of these dogs were trained performers, but others merely illustrated unfamiliar breeds. Cincinnatians could purchase dogs from the Zoo if they wished. The Zoo advertised Saint Bernard dogs especially as “docile . . . but a terror to tramps and evil-doers.”

A Canine Con Artist

Attorney John J. McCarthy had a friend who owned a dog. The dog preferred the company of Mr. McCarthy to that of his actual owner. As the Enquirer [27 January 1891] told it, the dog, on command, would sit up, wear a hat and smoke a cigar while displaying the “most sage look.” McCarthy turned down multiple offers to sell the dog, repeatedly explaining that he did not own the mutt. Some buyers persisted, however, to the extent that McCarthy took their money and turned over the dog. After every purchase, however, the dog was back at McCarthy’s feet within the hour.

A Dog With A Job

Willie Theobald was a clerk at the American District Messenger Office on Vine Street in 1894 and he owned a dog named Purp who followed him to work. In the days before email and faxes, a lot of business communication traveled through the city by messenger and Willie supervised a troop of young messengers – and a dog. While Willie sat at his desk, making assignments, Purp accompanied messengers on their rounds and often delivered messages on his own. Purp waited patiently until the receipt book was signed, then trotted back to Willie to await his next task.

A Vet’s Pride

Veterinarian L.A. Anderson was known throughout Cincinnati because of his dog, Jeff, esteemed to be the smartest canine in town. One day in 1894, Jeff was, as was his habit, holding the reins of his master’s horse while Dr. Anderson attended to some business. When a rainstorm blew up, Jeff led the horse onto the pavement and under the awning of a nearby store. As the rain abated, Jeff led the horse back into the street to await Dr. Anderson’s return.

It’s Not easy Being Green

Oscar A. Stuckenberg, a clerk in the city engineering office, donated to Cincinnati’s Natural History Museum the freshly deceased body of a greyhound pup which had died 36 hours after birth, 23 February 1897. The color of its coat was distinctly asparagus green, except the head, which was the ordinary grey color. Museum curators scrubbed the corpse with soap, then soaked it in alcohol for several hours, but were unable to remove the color. “Mr. Stuckenberg's assurance that the pup was born with the green color can not be doubted,” they concluded.

Pug In Lieu Of A Ring

Margaret Harrison was one of the most sought-after young ladies in Cincinnati, if not for her own charms then for the riches of her father, Learner Blackman Harrison, president of the First National Bank. She accepted the proposal of Ezra Howard Child, son of a wealthy Massachusetts manufacturer but, it being 1900, thought engagement rings were too old-fashioned for a modern couple and requested a dog instead. Margaret’s fiancé complied, and a pug, decorated with a white satin ribbon, accompanied her throughout the ceremony, attended by one hundred guests, at her parent’s house on Grandin Road.

Cincinnati’s Most Intelligent Dog

Word got around in 1902 that Prince, a white and brown water spaniel owned by Mr. and Mrs. Walter M. Wirthwine of Evanston, could do anything except speak. The Wirthwines talked to Prince continually as they trained him and this, it was believed, educated Prince to understand every word spoken, so that he followed every command to the letter. Although 10 years old, Prince was described as frisky as a puppy, and much beloved by the neighbors on Harvard Avenue.

Cincinnati’s First Police Dog

Visitors to the Greater Cincinnati Police Museum are greeted by the stuffed remains of a scruffy mutt in a display case. This is Handsome, beloved companion of the Cincinnati Police who patrolled Rat Row, Sausage Row and the other unsavory neighborhoods that constituted what is now The Banks but was once known as The Bottoms. Handsome’s feats of investigative skill spread far and wide. On his demise in 1915, the cops chipped in and had Handsome preserved through taxidermy. For a while, he decorated police headquarters, but he’s now at home in the museum.

An Extra Leg

In 1926, somebody dropped off an unusual dog to Hamilton County Sheriff Richard Witt who, back then, also served as the county’s dog catcher. There was nothing wrong with the little puppy except that it had five legs. Witt turned the little fellow over to his deputy, Charles “Buck” Hauser, who promised to take care of it. Hauser had a history with freak animals; he also provided a home to a three-legged rooster.

Danny Dumm’s Greyhound

Cartoonist Harold E. Russell inked daily sports highlights for the Cincinnati Enquirer over a 52-year career that ended only with his death in 1966. Along the way, Russell is credited with inventing mustachioed Mister Red and the Cincinnati Royals logo. He also created a miniature alter ego named Danny Dumm who provided commentary on Russell’s cartoons for decades. In 1928, promoting racing meets at a Springdale greyhound track, Danny adopted a dog and the Enquirer ran a contest to name the pooch. Inundated with thousands of entries, Russell got two assistants to help him pick the eventual winning name – Big Swig – submitted by Miss Evelyn Klopp of Norwood.

Big Jon & Sparkie’s Pooch

For a decade, beginning at WSAI in 1948 and later on the ABC network, the most popular show on radio, “Big Jon & Sparkie,” was produced here in Cincinnati. Big Jon was the show’s host, Jonathan Arthur Goerss. Sparkie was an elf from the Land of Make Believe who wanted to become a real boy. Most of the characters were based on writer Don Kortekamp’s Cincinnati childhood, including Sparkie’s mischievous dog, a Boston toy terrier named Bunny.

Uncle Al’s Dog

From 1950 to 1985, it seemed mandatory for every kid in Cincinnati to appear at least once on WCPO’s Uncle Al Show. In addition to host Al Lewis himself and his wife, Wanda, aka “Captain Windy,” the show featured a multitude of supporting characters. Many of the subsidiary roles on the Uncle Al Show were created by artist and set designer Thomas York, including Ringo Rango the cowboy, Lucky the Clown, Chief Red Feather, Charley the Horse, the Merry Mailman and, of course, Pal the Dog.

Hattie The Witch’s Hound

At least two generations of Cincinnati children grew up with the Larry Smith Puppets, from his days on the Uncle Al Show on WCPO-TV through his decade-long run as the host of Larry Smith’s Cartoon Club on WXIX-TV. In addition to “Batty Hattie from Cincinnati,” Teaser the Mouse and Rudy the Rooster, the central canine character in this puppet menagerie was Snarfy R. Dog.

WEBN’s Program Director

When radio station WEBN first went on the air from a small, blue Considine Avenue house on “Price’s Mountain,” the owner and chief on-air personality, attorney Frank Wood Sr., was meticulous in crediting the talents of program director Miles Duffy. Visitors to the station may have suspected something funny about a dog bowl labeled “Miles.” In fact, Miles Duffy was a cocker spaniel, drafted into that significant position to give the impression WEBN’s employee roster was larger than it was. When Miles went to doggy heaven, the Woods had him taxidermied.

Cincinnati Reds In The Dog House

No review of Cincinnati dogs could be complete, of course, without featuring Marge Schott’s Saint Bernards, known as Schottzie and Schottzie 02. Reds managers were subjected to rubdowns with dog hair in often-vain attempts to attract good luck, groundskeepers had to pick up dog poop off the field, players had to dodge the beasts during pre-game warm-ups and the dogs sat front and center in the team photos during Schott’s ownership of the team.

[yeaahishowedupatyourparty]

THE HAMILTON COUSINS

the children of the hamilton brothers; charles, elias and pierre; the three owners of diamond strings record label - the biggest label in the western world. 

CHILDREN OF CHARLES (& EVA) 

DISNEY COSETTE HAMILTON (25) 

the oldest daughter of Charles and Eva 

married to Brody Carmichael 

she was the first of anyone in her generation of the family to raise to fame thanks to Disney Channel 

a perfectionist, usually the mum of the cousins when they all get together, articulate and intelligent 

definitely her father’s daughter, she’s always looking for ways to make sure she and her loved ones come out on top. she’s VERY aware that the hamilton name is valuable and uses it to her advantage. 

manipulative, there’s nobody she wouldn’t wrap around her finger for her own benefit. 

PARK ELIAS HAMILTON (25) 

the only son of Charles and Eva 

the younger brother of disney by exactly 12 minutes 

he’s always lived in the shadows of his twin sister to some extent and has never had any upset about it. he’s the introverted one but is by no means shy. 

charles had his career mapped out for him from about 12 years old; he was signed to the label and placed in a major boyband when he was sixteen. 

definitely not as into the public eye as the rest of his family and actually makes a conscious effort to stay away from it. 

fucks around BUT is so protective over his sisters; particularly imogen and florence; he might not be out arguing with people in group chats but will definitely go a step further and hurt people if he feels there’s a serious threat

weirdly good with children and likes being an uncle

IMOGEN VIOLA HAMILTON (19) 

the middle child who grew up seeing how much her older sister achieved and wanted nothing more than to be the same

was often babied by Eva and kept out of the chaos but the older she got, the more she wanted in and felt excluded 

she saw the perfect ‘in’ when park dropped out of his boyband at 19. imogen was 14 and forced her dad to listen to her first demo; she was signed and has worked her ass off to prove herself 

seeing her popularity, Charles is now taking her seriously and is hoping she’ll become big enough to get a new generation obsessed with the hamilton brand. 

imogen is known for pushing buttons and is almost a younger, more scheming version of disney. she’s determined to come out on top in everything she does. 

definitely the biggest personality out of the whole family.

is VERY protective over florence, not so much the other two.

FLORENCE OPHELIA HAMILTON (18)

the youngest daughter and the baby of the family in general 

married to Dominic Romano. 

florence grew up home-schooled from the age of six after she massively struggled to keep up in the early years of school. Charles & Eva refused to believe she was dyslexic and paid for one of the best teachers in the business. it didn't help, of course. 

being home-schooled through her childhood made her very clingy to her siblings and not as ambitious to socialise with other people. they all babied her and protected her massively. 

she's a bit of a cry baby ngl and tended to get picked on by the rest of the family until an adult stepped in 😂

she re-entered the education system in time for high school but was still severely behind. she found her love for dance around the same age. 

has a heart of gold and while she benefits from being a hamilton, tends to value genuine connections and the little moments more than material things.

CHILDREN OF ELIAS (& JASLENE)

TINSLEY AIYLA HAMILTON (24)  (open)

 younger than disney and park by 6 months; born in june of the following year. 

like the twins, she was born and raised in france but spent a longer time there. she moved to toulouse when she was 8 and lived there until she was 15. then she moved to violet springs to be closer to family. 

she’s a lot more of a people pleaser than disney or park and usually grins and bears whatever is thrown at her but is also such a gossip and will definitely talk behind your back :’) 

uses her family’s name to date famous musicians but isn’t that famous herself, she’s done a few modelling gigs here and there 

very anti-settling down. seeing florence and disney get married lowkey scares her. she always wants her autonomy and creativity - I think of her as a richer, more materialistic version of jo from little women LOL

ABEL CHARLES HAMILTON (20) (open)

the middle child and eldest son of Elias

french is his first language, he lived there until he was 13. however, he always craved being in london before his parents even made the decision. he felt like it had more to offer. 

abel came out as gay to his family when he was 15 and has never really felt any type of way about it. the hamilton family are extremely progressive and accepting, surprisingly to most. 

he is the family’s budding sports star, with his main interest being in ice hockey. he’s currently semi-professional and puts all of his energy into that. 

he is known to be a bit of a player; he seems to have a new guy every other week and loves to flirt. he is DEFINITELY just enjoying being a young adult. 

one of those annoying kid’s who are just good at everything, honestly. 

he does have a short temper and tends to get into fights every 3-5 business days but what can you do?

LUCA MARCEL HAMILTON (18)  (open)

a few months younger than florence; she was born early July, he was born in early October. 

the youngest child of elias and jaslene 

after seeing tinsely dabble in modelling, he’s become VERY into it and has IMG models since he was around 16. 

he’s very artistic and a bit of a visionary and has a great appreciation for aesthetics. he’s actually helped to style some of the artists on the label too. 

luca is the youngest in the family but probably one of the most academically intelligent, maybe only second to disney. he was in the grade above his age range in school because he just wasn't challenged enough. 

the definition of a nepotism baby; at this point in his life, big modelling gigs and exclusive events fall into his lap. 

bisexual.

CHILDREN OF PIERRE (& DANIELLE) 

RIA ELISE HAMILTON (21) 

the only child of pierre, who unlike his older brothers, flew to North America to oversee the label’s headquarters on that side of the Atlantic 

ria was actually born in puerto rico, where her mother comes from, but spent most of her life in florida

she’s very clearly the only child and definitely more spoilt and self-centred than any of her cousins; she’s not used to having to share or compromise at all

she used to be the cousin they would all dread seeing on christmas because she was just a drama queen LOL think Kim kardashian, but she’s got better with age 

was the popular girl in high school & has never really had to deal with anything like bullying or struggling with self-confidence. 

at 18, she moved to Los Angeles to attend diamond bridge and pursue a music career. she also signed to her family’s record label. 

Charles has brought her to st judes to help fire up the hype around the Hamilton’s more than it already is 

not going to lie, she’s a little bit of a home wrecker.

[hiddeninflame]

History

Flint is a mystery to even himself. If he tells you a story of his childhood, it’ll likely be vague or untrue. He even lies to himself. So take everything he says with a grain of salt. 

Early Childhood 

‘Surely you must’ve had parents?’

‘Mhm, I did. Do, I suppose.’ He looked up at Silver with a short shrug, thumb rubbing his red beard. ‘They’re out there, somewhere. If they’re not dead.’

‘You don’t know?’

‘I don’t care.’

It was believed that Walter McGraw was a carpenter’s mate from Glasgow who moved down south to Cornwall to chase shipbuilding. While in Padstow, he had a romance with a young woman called Frances Fawkner. Pregnant with James, they married in haste. 

They lived with Frances’ fisherman father in one room all cramped together for a year before a navyman called Hennessey came to drag Walter away. After that, Walter rarely came back to Cornwall. 

When James was only four, Frances disappeared without trace, leaving him in her father’s care. 

James’ only relationship with his father came from the rare occasions he’d return home to Padstow and gift him books and writing materials. He always promised to teach James how to use them, but only had time for the basics during visits. 

Once his father was gone, his grandfather would sell the presents for more alcohol. James only ever managed to rescue one book, hiding it under his pillow to try and teach himself to read. 

‘And whan they herde of hys adventures, they mervayled that he wolde joupardé his person so alone. But all men of worship seyde hit was myrry to be under such a chyfftayne that wolde putte hys person in adventure as other poure knyghtis ded.’ Le Morte d’Arthur, Sir Thomas Malory

Later Childhood

When he was eleven, instead of his father coming to visit him, Admiral Hennessey did. Hennessey informed him that his father had died. When Hennessey noticed the dire state of James’ home and the numerous bruises, he paid James’ semi-conscious grandfather so he could take James away. 

Hennessey took James to Surrey to be raised in his own household and educated by his sons’ tutor. However, to avoid outside scrutiny and rumours, James was put to work in the kitchen when he wasn’t studying. James showed more promise than Hennessey’s own children. 

Rising the Ranks 

When James turned twelve, Hennesey helped win him a position as midshipman in his fleet. But it was far from easy and every day James had to earn his place there. 

Grown men and other boys aboard the ship bullied him for his red hair and impoverished childhood. They saw him as an upstart and made vile rumours about him. They were just jealous about James’ high favour with the Admiralty. 

Instead of giving up, he fought harder. It was this dedication, coupled with Hennessey’s testimonial that made him rise the ranks with greater speed than many of his contemporaries. 

If someone told him he couldn’t do something, he’d prove them wrong. 

Fall From Grace

However, his life would change dramatically when, in 1705, he was posted to liase with a hopeful young Lord called Thomas Hamilton.

Thomas had bold ideas for the treatment of pirates in the West Indies. And though he was skeptical at first, James started to buy into his dreams. And soon, those dreams were shared between them, Thomas’s wife and a friend called Lord Peter Ashe. 

James and Thomas fell for each other. And while James resisted love’s pull, he could no longer deny it now he’d found someone who felt the same. 

As part of their plan to grant pardons to the pirates of Nassau, Thomas sent James to test the waters there. While there, he had several talks with Richard Guthrie. He was very interested in fostering legitimacy in the island and even had his eyes set on the Governorship. 

Those plans died as Edward Teach had his men assault the Governor’s mansion in retaliation against a bribe disagreement that went too far. But James got the feeling it was also a message to him and the other visiting navy men that England held no sway there. The talk of pardons was off the table. 

James returned to London from his visit to Nassau with the news. But Thomas remained determined. The next morning, James went to visit the Admiralty and give Hennessey the information. But Earl Alfred Hamilton was already there and Hennessey revealed that James’ crimes were known. He told James exactly what he thought of his affections for Thomas. 

Instead of being hanged for sodomy, James was stripped of his position in the navy and exiled from England with Thomas’ wife, Miranda. All under the lie that they’d had the affair that drove Thomas insane. 

Arrival in Nassau

In the February of 1706, James arrived in Nassau without Miranda, having left her safe in Boston. He needed to find her somewhere to live on the island, away from pirates and find men willing to defend her when he was away. That meant they needed money and a reputation, too. 

To do that, James created the character of Flint to do the dark things he couldn’t. What he didn’t realise was that the lines between the two men would one day disappear altogether. 

The first week Flint was in Nassau, he went to Richard Guthrie’s tavern and got into a fight with Edward Teach’s protege, Charles Vane. While Flint didn’t win, and got a few scars for his trouble, he did garner the respect and attention of Hal Gates and Vane’s sweetheart, Eleanor Guthrie. 

As a member of the crew of The Penelope, Gates promised Flint that he’d get him brought aboard. But the only position open to Flint ended up being as the ship’s cook. Flint took it and fought and manipulated his way into garnering the respect of the men. 

The Rosario Raid

Not long after, the Spanish were sighted in the waters near to Nassau. Everyone knew what that would mean but many of the pirates were either cocky or stubborn, refusing to acknowledge the possibility that their island was about to be attacked.

Richard Guthrie and several of the Captains, including the Captain of The Penelope thought they were untouchable and would negotiate their way out of this.

Hornigold and Teach did not and rallied the remaining Captains to resist. Flint convinced Gates that if they didn’t resist, the island would fall to Spanish rule. And half of The Penelope’s crew followed both men to Teach’s side to defend the island. This included Mosiah and his fellow freedmen, De Groot and the Boatswain, Randall. 

The Spanish raided the island, raping, pillaging and razing everything in their way. The force split, defending three main points in the island. Hornigold was given defense of the fort while Teach defended the water. Flint and the others worked to distract and channel the Spanish back to the beach. 

Their defense worked well enough until the outer all of the fort was blasted away and Teach’s ship was forced to retreat. It left the ground exposed and the pirates scattered. 

Flint grabbed The Penelope’s mutineers and convinced them to get to the Governor’s mansion to protect the cowardly Captains and Richard Guthrie. 

It was during their defense of the mansion that Flint was captured by the Spanish in a case of mistaken identity. They believed he was one of the Captains. He did nothing to change their minds. 

Flint didn’t know exactly where they took him. Only that he endured days of torture and relentless questioning. He gave them nothing. 

Flint spent days trying to escape by manipulating the Spanish crew bit by bit. When the Captain noticed, he ordered his men to beat him whenever he said anything that wasn’t the intel they were looking for. 

After four days, he realised there might not be any help coming for him. After all, he was just a cook. But that night, he was rescued under the cover of darkness by Gates and Mosiah. They slipped onboard and slipped off with very little bloodshed. To this day, Flint suspects a member of the Spanish crew had a hand in it.

Once back on shore, Flint fell unconscious. Gates took him back to Nassau where he was treated for his head injuries and his arm was saved from sepsis. He awoke after two days to find that Richard Guthrie and his daughter had survived but no one else who had holed up in the Mansion had. Including their Captain. And their ship had been sunk. 

But Gates also revealed that there had been a vote. A new Captain for a new ship. Flint would be Captain of The Walrus. 

The News

Flint was given three months to recover fully but he forced himself back onto his feet in a few weeks. He found Miranda and himself a small home in the interior and headed back to Boston with the good news. 

He arrived at her doorstep to find that Miranda had terrible news. Their plan to rescue Thomas would never come as he’d killed himself. 

They moved into their house in Nassau and Flint buried himself into his piracy, taking out his unbridled rage on the English, Spanish and any sorry merchants who crossed him. 

1707 - Flint sides with Eleanor Guthrie, Hornigold and Vane in ousting Edward Teach from Nassau. 

[aion-rsa]

From Bridgerton to Sanditon—Putting Island Queen in a Period Drama Context

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This article contains book spoilers for Island Queen and a trigger warning for racism and sexual assault.

Caribbean history is often ignored in US discussions of the era, despite myself and many other Americans having ancestry from this part of the world. Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park has extended references to Caribbean slavery but many adaptations sidestep these implications or briefly address them before moving back to the white main characters. In addition, the focus is often on male leaders of rebellions such as Toussaint L’Overture leading the Haitian rebellion, or on women with island ancestry such as Dido Elizabeth from the movie Belle living in England. All are written by white novelists and screenwriters who miss cultural nuances and are unaware of subconscious bias. Island Queen, Vanessa Riley’s latest foray into Black historical fiction reveals a hidden figure of Caribbean history. Dorothy Kirwan was born into slavery in Montserrat, but secured her own freedom by becoming an astute businesswoman. 

Riley’s novel takes readers on a complex but emotionally fufilling journey which brings up serious historical questions on slavery, class, gender, and business ethics during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Riley’s novel is the answer for fans who feel recent historical dramas prioritize varying levels of whitewashing or escapism over featuring real Black history. 

Kirwan’s story has incredible relevance today as many look to understand the enduring legacies of British colonialism and the slave trade in the late 18th and early 19th Century. Her diary does not exist but Riley assembled birth records and other primary sources to trace her life. This is in contrast to sources such as the anonymously published novel The Woman Of Colour which historians are still looking to corroborate authorship and connections to real Caribbean figures.   Kirwan at times the mirror image of the fictionalized story of July from The Long Song, but there are also flash points of difference along class and timeframe context. July was born roughly 50 years later than Kirwan in Jamaica.  In addition, Dorothy’s life journey takes the reader from Montserrat to Demerara (off the coast of modern day Guyana), Grenada, and Dominica. Most importantly, Riley is an Caribbean-American writer while Andrea Levy wrote The Long Song for Black British readers. 

Dorothy’s in-character first person narration is the glue that holds the story together through frequent flashbacks to her childhood and young adulthood to her life in 1824 as a grandmother. The main theme of self-determination in a world where rich white men decide the rules everyone must play keeps the reader engaged even when it is not clear where the plot is heading. In the present plot, Dorothy has returned to London after many years away to petition colonial leaders to retain hard-won rights for Black and biracial women in Demerara. These unequal laws threaten Dorothy’s children and grandchildren and could even take away the freedom and inheritance she has spent her whole life to build. 

Bridgerton’s critics will find solace in Island Queen. Those who wanted the Black aristocracy of Haiti and other Caribbean islands featured in the series will find this history at the center. Kirwan navigates a world with inherent inequality, despite how much she has achieved in property ownership and savings. When she interacts with British and colonial elites, they never treat her as if she has power over them. The racial caste system in existence influences all of her interactions. After a breakup, she takes up an offer from Prince William (Queen Victoria’s uncle who died with no legitimate heirs) to travel with him on his ship. In Dorothy’s story, he provides a temporary emotional distraction but also a recognition that she would never fit into the British elite because of her skin color and island background. Unlike Queen Charlotte in Bridgerton, the real prejudices of the era held Dorothy back from ascending completely into the highest levels of royal society. Riley’s narrative, especially, ignores what could have been and shows readers the truth. 

These rich white men who placed artificial limits on Dorothy were also the source for young Alexander Hamilton’s childhood poverty. However, his solution as featured in the opening song of Hamilton was to leave the islands to pursue his education in America. This was an option steeped in male and to an extent white privilege as women at this point in history were not allowed to attend college. In addition, American society had already enacted severe restrictions in the rights of free people of color. Hamilton also was an orphan. Dorothy’s parents and her children kept her rooted to the Caribbean. 

The road to Dorothy acquiring a thriving business and heirs was lengthy and arduous, and Riley does not sugar coat the dynamics at play in her life. Kirwan’s mother was a slave and her father owned a plantation. The more percentage of white ancestry you have in your blood, the more freedom and rights you have. In her teenage years, Dorothy’s white half-brother Nicholas rapes her and she ends up giving birth to a daughter. Dorothy is forced to run away with a trusted friend to another island and has to leave her daughter behind. This is the beginning of many sacrifices she makes in order to protect her family. 

Although many readers may object to Riley portraying incest and sexual assault, the historical research makes this clear that this was the reality for women in slave societies. Dorothy’s narration is carefully crafted to show not only the trauma of the event, but her processing the trauma. For Dorothy, healing comes in the form of survival. The objective isn’t exploitation or the male gaze, but to illuminate ignored history and the intersection of race and gender in sexual power dynamics. Dorothy has to repeatedly establish consent and trust in a world where her partners can and will refuse to agree to those terms. The debate over rape culture in historical fiction revolves around characters that are fictional facing fictionalized situations, especially in the TV adaptations of Outlander and Bridgerton. Additionally, Outlander has sidestepped any serious contemplation of exploitation dynamics in slave societies despite plots featuring 8th Century Jamaica and North Carolina.  It is difficult to apply this same critique to Riley’s novel as her intention is historical recreation and reconstruction of Kirwan’s life story. 

Riley’s explanation and contextualization of race and gender dynamics is something many viewers wanted the first season of British historical drama Sanditon to address, past the show alluding to Georgiana’s ancestry and £100,000 inheritance. In fact, Riley explains in the Author’s Note that the journey to finding Dorothy Kirwan began with figuring out who the real Miss Lambe could have been over a decade ago. For Georgiana to have that kind of wealth, she would have had to have a white male ancestor willing and able to use the law to secure her freedom. Sidney’s connection to Georgiana as her legal ward isn’t clear, representing a missed opportunity that erodes the story’s worldbuilding. Dorothy’s explanation of social rankings and her own background means it is highly likely Georgiana is the product of a relationship between a white planter and an enslaved or indentured woman. Georgiana isn’t the only example of an fictional heir from the islands around this time period. Rhoda Swartz from Vanity Fair has Black and Jewish ancestry along with thousands of pounds. Island Queen has the space and interest to completely center the story of women like Georgiana and Rhoda position from the perspective of a Black writer and historian. 

Dorothy also reveals through her life experiences that interracial relationships with unequal power dynamics were often one of the only ways enslaved Black and biracial women could gain their freedom. In stark contrast to America during the late 18th Century, interracial relationships were never officially outlawed, but it was very rare for white men to officially marry women of color. More often, these women were mistresses and concubines, and any children from these relationships legally belonged to the father. Any relationship an enslaved woman undertook carried the risk of losing her children, with her past often used as a weapon of misogynoir, or simultaneous racist and sexist discrimination.  

One plot line unites Island Queen and The Long Song: both July and Dorothy lose a daughter to their white slave holding father who wanted to raise them in England. This trauma drives July to poverty while Dorothy had to wrestle the trauma alongside her mission to to fight to secure manumission papers for her children and also to develop a source of income that cannot be controlled by the men in her life. 

Read more

TV

How The Long Song Spotlights Ignored Black Caribbean History

By Amanda-Rae Prescott

Books

How Bridgerton Season 2 Can Improve On Season 1

By Amanda-Rae Prescott

At one point, she engages in survival sex work, then finds work as a housekeeper. Eventually, she is able to start her own housekeeping and domestic worker agency. She was well aware that some of her employees would choose to have relations with their bosses, but she made sure that she was not seen as a brothel owner for legal reasons. This is in stark contrast to some of the characters from Harlots on Hulu where brothel ownership or their sex worker status was an open secret.This is another area where Black women would suffer worse consequences for perceived immorality in society compared to white women. In fact, rumors of sex work follow her  Dorothy doesn’t intefere if her housekeepers decide to engage in sex work but she insists on mutual consent.  Riley does not apply any modern notions of slut-shaming or anti-sex-worker rhetoric. The reader understands that options for women’s employment outside of domestic service in these island colonies were severely limited. 

Dorothy’s narrative exposes both vulnerability in her relationships with her children and her significant others and also in her resolve to maintain her status. Far too often, Black women in historical fiction are reduced to tropes such as the “strong Black woman” that are not realistic to historical or modern readers. Or even worse, authors who completely erase the presence of Black women in the late Georgian and Regency Era by only featuring white women. 

The challenge in reading Island Queen for those uninitiated in Caribbean history of this era is to separate our modern historical knowledge from the reality Dorothy faces. Although Riley’s narrative does not make excuses for her questionable decisions, the narration makes clear that Dortothy is navigating a racist, sexist and classist society. Part of Dorothy’s later wealth comes from owning slaves. This was not a decision based on wanting to inflict cruelty, but due to the power dynamics in colonial society which punished those who refused to participate in the slave trade. Dorothy opposes slavery but also realize that open rebellion will cost her life or the lives of those around her. She is not isolated from the violence of slave rebellions and of the consequences of suppression. Riley in the Author’s Note says Kirwan freed all of her slaves in 1833 when slavery in Demerara was officially outlawed.

Dorothy’s narrative may have the background makings of a tragedy, but Riley reveals that her life was ultimately a success. Kirwan built her business and eventually reunited most members of her family. She even saw her children marry successfully and met several of her grandchildren. None of her children lived in poverty and she prevented all of them from working as slaves. While some may wish her various relationships could have created a permanent happy ever after, the real satisfaction comes from seeing Kirwan preserve her legacy for the next generation. Real Black historical stories such as Kirwan’s are incredibly rare in US and UK media as wholly fictional composite characters dominate existing period dramas and historical fiction novels. Island Queen, if enough people read it, could become a TV or movie adaptation that would give viewers the real truths of late 18th Century/Regency Era Caribbean history. The genre is overdue for a biography adaptation led by Black writers without the white gaze. 

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Island Queen will be available in bookstores July 6th. You can order the book here.

The post From Bridgerton to Sanditon—Putting Island Queen in a Period Drama Context appeared first on Den of Geek.

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[revolutionary-demosthenes]

Essay about Jemmy Laurens

(Essay 9 that is not necessarily about queer history but Jemmy Laurens was related to John Laurens.)

James (called Jemmy) Laurens was one of the later children born to Henry Laurens and Eleanor Ball Laurens, and the second-youngest to survive early childhood. He was born in 1765, making him around eleven years younger than John Laurens, his older brother.

Jemmy’s early upbringing was presumably much like John’s, but without as much early sadness. Since he was a later child he did not live through as many sibling deaths.

In 1771, Henry Laurens decided to take his three boys, Henry Jr. (Harry,) John, and Jemmy to Europe for their education. Henry Laurens wrote of Jemmy in a letter from London on Dec. 20, 1771, “Your Acquaintance Jemmy is now scribbling by me. He has pass’d safely through the Small Pox and is now as fat as a little Pig.”

Henry Laurens tended to regard Jemmy as a sort of mini-John. While Harry, the middle boy, was constantly cast into the role of dull and unspectacular, Henry had larger hopes for the Jemmy, who seemed to resemble in character his obedient and smart eldest brother.

After a brief time in London, Harry and John went to Geneva, while Jemmy stayed in England at a boarding school. (Good Jemmy timeline by @ltcol-laurens)

Fast forward two years, one boyfriend and a new college for John and he was back in England. Jemmy’s school head had had a stroke, so John Laurens, who was Jemmy’s guardian at the time, was looking into other schooling options.

John had finally made a decision on where to place Jemmy, and was out of the house to send a letter to his father when he heard from William Manning’s clerk that Jemmy had jumped “Across from a footing within the Iron Rails,” fell, and fractured his skull. 

As soon as John heard this he rushed home. But there was nothing he, or anyone could do. Much like Alexander and Eliza Hamilton when Philip Hamilton died, John stayed by his brother’s side until he died more than a day later. 

In a letter to James Laurens, his uncle, John Laurens gave a heartbreaking account of Jemmy’s death. “At some Intervals he had his Senses, so far as to be able to answer single Questions, to beckon me, to form his Lips to kiss me, but for the most part he was delirious and frequently unable to articulate. Puking, Convulsions near very violent, and latterly so gentle as to be scarcely perceived, or deserve the Name, ensued, and Nature yielded.” 

A few days later, John had to tell his father. John felt very responsible for the death of Jemmy, as he had been Jemmy’s guardian at the time. Henry Laurens didn’t tell John it was his fault, but he also didn’t really make an effort to stop John from feeling bad. 

There are several events in John Laurens’s life that can possibly be traced partly to Jemmy’s death. 

Martha Manning. Hear me out on this: Henry Laurens lost a promising son, and John felt responsible for that. So what could John possibly do to be an even better son by his father’s standards to make up for Jemmy? How about conforming to the heteronormative time period and courting a woman? 

Maybe John was overcorrecting a little bit-- he presumably understood his sexuality a little bit more after Kinloch, and may have then become paranoid about his father finding out somehow, especially right after Jemmy’s death. So even though his father probably didn’t want John to court a woman yet, maybe John thought that was better than Henry suspecting he was gay.

Of course, then the pregnancy happened and Martha and John have to get married and now it’s not such a great idea that will make Henry proud.

Wait I feel like now I’m not giving Harry Laurens any credit. Harry was great and deserved more love from his father. 

Moving on... John’s wanting to leave to fight in the war. While I believe most of this had to do with Martha Manning and of course his belief in independence and the black battalion idea, Jemmy’s death was another bad memory associated with Europe, and particularly England.

John’s possible mental struggles later in his life. Jemmy’s death and feeling at least partly responsible definitely would have had a lasting impact on John.