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badasgaroth · 7 months ago

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Upgrade Your Collection: A Closer Check Out the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Vehicle Driver And Influence Motorist Combo Package

Revealing the Ultimate Power Duo When it involves taking on DIY tasks or specialist tasks, having the right devices can make all the difference. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Chauffeur And Effect Motorist Combination Set is a game-changer worldwide of power tools. This vibrant duo integrates accuracy, power, and flexibility in a small and lightweight package.Unboxing and Initial Perceptions Upon unpacking the set, you are welcomed with a sleek and modern design that radiates top quality workmanship. The tools are well-packaged and come with every little thing you need to get going immediately. The attention to detail is evident from the minute you lay eyes on these impressive tools.Design and Build Quality The drill vehicle driver and effect driver flaunt a robust construction that can withstand even the most difficult problems. The ergonomic style fits pleasantly in your hand, allowing for expanded use without fatigue. The brushless electric motors supply optimal efficiency and performance, making certain that every job is completed with precision.Performance and Power Do not let their small size fool you- these tools load a punch when it pertains to performance. The drill motorist easily drills through wood, steel, and masonry effortlessly, while the influence driver provides high torque for driving screws and bolts without breaking a sweat. Whether you're working with a tiny project or a massive task, these devices will not disappoint.Versatility in Action Among the standout features of this combination package is its flexibility. With several clutch setups on the drill vehicle driver and variable rate control on the influence vehicle driver, you have full control over your job. From delicate tasks that need finesse to durable applications that require power, these tools can manage it all.Battery Life and Charging Geared up with durable lithium-ion batteries, these devices offer outstanding runtimes that maintain you functioning without disruptions. The quick battery charger makes sure quick recharging so you can return to your project quickly. Say goodbye to downtime due to battery problems - this combo set has got you covered.Ergonomics and Individual Experience The ergonomically made handles provide a comfy hold that lessens strain on your hands and wrists throughout long term use. The intuitive controls make operation very easy for both newbies and skilled experts alike. Every element of these tools has been very carefully crafted to enhance your individual experience.Comparison with Competitors When contrasted to competitors in its class, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Effect Motorist Combo Kit sticks out for its remarkable performance, resilience, and convenience. It beats others with its small dimension yet powerful capabilities that rival bigger designs on the market.Pros and Cons Pros: Compact size for tight areas Powerful brushless electric motors Versatile for numerous applications Lasting battery life Ergonomic style for convenience Disadvantages: Might be a little costlier than entry-level choices Restricted devices included in the package Final Judgment: Ought To You Update Your Arsenal?In conclusion, if you're wanting to raise your device collection with high-grade equipment that provides remarkable results every time, then the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Vehicle Driver Combo Kit is worth taking into consideration. Its mix of power, efficiency, convenience, and durability makes it a standout choice for any individual serious regarding their craft. Upgrade your toolbox today and experience the distinction firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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arduanatt · 7 months ago

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Upgrade Your Toolbox: A Closer Consider the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Influence Motorist Combination Kit

Revealing the Ultimate Power Duo When it involves tackling DIY jobs or specialist jobs, having the right devices can make all the difference. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Chauffeur Combination Set is a game-changer in the world of power devices. This dynamic duo integrates precision, power, and flexibility in a portable and light-weight package.Unboxing and Very first Impacts Upon unboxing the kit, you are welcomed with a smooth and modern layout that exudes high quality workmanship. The devices are well-packaged and come with whatever you need to start today. The interest to information is evident from the minute you lay eyes on these impressive tools.Design and Develop Quality The drill chauffeur and effect driver boast a robust construction that can hold up against even the toughest problems. The ergonomic style fits conveniently in your hand, allowing for prolonged use without fatigue. The brushless electric motors supply optimal performance and effectiveness, guaranteeing that every task is completed with precision.Performance and Power Do not allow their small dimension fool you- these devices pack a punch when it involves performance. The drill vehicle driver easily drills with timber, steel, and masonry with ease, while the effect driver provides high torque for driving screws and bolts without breaking a sweat. Whether you're servicing a little task or a massive endeavor, these devices will certainly not disappoint.Versatility in Action Among the standout functions of this combination kit is its versatility. With numerous clutch settings on the drill chauffeur and variable speed control on the influence chauffeur, you have complete control over your job. From fragile tasks that call for finesse to sturdy applications that require power, these devices can handle it all.Battery Life and Charging Outfitted with resilient lithium-ion batteries, these tools use outstanding runtimes that keep you functioning without disruptions. The fast battery charger ensures quick charging so you can return to your project in no time at all. Bid farewell to downtime due to battery problems - this combo kit has actually got you covered.Ergonomics and User Experience The ergonomically made manages provide a comfy hold that decreases strain on your hands and wrists throughout long term usage. The intuitive controls make operation simple for both newbies and skilled specialists alike. Every facet of these devices has been thoroughly crafted to boost your user experience.Comparison with Competitors When compared to rivals in its class, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Chauffeur And Influence Chauffeur Combo Kit stands apart for its exceptional performance, durability, and versatility. It outshines others with its portable size yet effective capacities that rival larger designs on the market.Pros and Disadvantages Pros: Compact dimension for limited areas Powerful brushless electric motors Versatile for different applications Lasting battery life Ergonomic style for comfort Disadvantages: Might be somewhat pricier than entry-level choices Minimal devices included in the package Last Verdict: Need To You Update Your Arsenal?In verdict, if you're seeking to boost your tool collection with state-of-the-art tools that provides outstanding outcomes every time, then the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Motorist And Influence Driver Combination Set deserves taking into consideration. Its combination of power, performance, flexibility, and toughness makes it a standout option for any person significant regarding their craft. Update your toolbox today and experience the distinction firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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inu-demon · 7 months ago

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Upgrade Your Toolbox: A Closer Consider the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Vehicle Driver And Impact Driver Combo Package

Introducing the Ultimate Power Duo When it pertains to dealing with DIY tasks or professional tasks, having the right devices can make all the distinction. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Effect Driver Combination Set is a game-changer on the planet of power tools. This dynamic duo incorporates precision, power, and flexibility in a portable and lightweight package.Unboxing and First Impacts Upon unpacking the set, you are greeted with a smooth and contemporary style that exhibits quality craftsmanship. The devices are well-packaged and included everything you need to begin right away. The attention to information is evident from the minute you lay eyes on these impressive tools.Design and Construct Quality The drill chauffeur and effect vehicle driver flaunt a robust building that can hold up against even the toughest conditions. The ergonomic style fits pleasantly in your hand, allowing for extended usage without exhaustion. The brushless electric motors provide optimal efficiency and efficiency, making sure that every task is finished with precision.Performance and Power Don't let their compact size fool you- these devices pack a punch when it pertains to efficiency. The drill vehicle driver easily drills through wood, metal, and stonework with ease, while the impact driver supplies high torque for driving screws and bolts without damaging a sweat. Whether you're dealing with a tiny project or a large-scale undertaking, these devices will not disappoint.Versatility at work Among the standout functions of this combination kit is its flexibility. With numerous clutch settings on the drill chauffeur and variable speed control on the impact driver, you have total control over your work. From fragile tasks that require skill to heavy-duty applications that demand power, these tools can manage it all.Battery Life and Billing Geared up with long-lasting lithium-ion batteries, these devices use remarkable runtimes that maintain you functioning without disturbances. The fast charger makes certain quick reenergizing so you can return to your project in a snap. Bid farewell to downtime as a result of battery issues - this combination set has got you covered.Ergonomics and User Experience The ergonomically developed manages provide a comfortable grasp that decreases strain on your hands and wrists during prolonged use. The instinctive controls make operation very easy for both novices and seasoned experts alike. Every facet of these tools has actually been meticulously crafted to enhance your individual experience.Comparison with Rivals When compared to rivals in its class, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Influence Chauffeur Combo Kit sticks out for its exceptional performance, resilience, and flexibility. It outperforms others with its small dimension yet powerful capacities that match bigger models on the market.Pros and Disadvantages Pros: Compact size for tight spaces Powerful brushless electric motors Versatile for different applications Durable battery life Ergonomic design for convenience Disadvantages: Might be somewhat pricier than entry-level alternatives Restricted accessories consisted of in the package Last Verdict: Need To You Update Your Arsenal?In conclusion, if you're seeking to raise your tool collection with high-grade tools that delivers outstanding results whenever, after that the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Motorist Combo Set deserves considering. Its mix of power, performance, flexibility, and longevity makes it a standout choice for any person severe about their craft. Update your arsenal today and experience the difference firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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avasilevskiy · 7 months ago

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Upgrade Your Toolbox: A Closer Consider the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Chauffeur And Effect Driver Combo Set

Introducing the Ultimate Power Duo When it involves tackling DIY tasks or specialist tasks, having the right tools can make all the distinction. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Effect Chauffeur Combo Kit is a game-changer on the planet of power devices. This dynamic duo integrates accuracy, power, and versatility in a small and lightweight package.Unboxing and First Impacts Upon unboxing the package, you are welcomed with a streamlined and modern style that shows high quality craftsmanship. The tools are well-packaged and come with whatever you need to get going immediately. The focus to information is evident from the minute you lay eyes on these remarkable tools.Design and Build Quality The drill driver and effect motorist flaunt a durable building and construction that can stand up to also the hardest conditions. The ergonomic style fits comfortably in your hand, permitting expanded usage without tiredness. The brushless motors deliver optimal performance and effectiveness, making certain that every task is finished with precision.Performance and Power Do not allow their portable size fool you- these tools pack a strike when it pertains to performance. The drill motorist effortlessly drills via wood, metal, and masonry with ease, while the influence motorist provides high torque for driving screws and bolts without breaking a sweat. Whether you're working on a small task or a massive task, these devices will certainly not disappoint.Versatility in Action Among the standout functions of this combination set is its versatility. With several clutch setups on the drill vehicle driver and variable speed control on the impact vehicle driver, you have complete control over your job. From delicate jobs that require finesse to durable applications that demand power, these devices can handle it all.Battery Life and Charging Geared up with lasting lithium-ion batteries, these tools supply outstanding runtimes that keep you functioning without disruptions. The rapid battery charger makes sure quick charging so you can get back to your task in no time. Bid farewell to downtime as a result of battery problems - this combination package has actually obtained you covered.Ergonomics and Customer Experience The ergonomically designed takes care of offer a comfortable hold that decreases pressure on your hands and wrists throughout long term usage. The intuitive controls make procedure simple for both newbies and experienced specialists alike. Every element of these tools has actually been very carefully crafted to improve your user experience.Comparison with Rivals When compared to rivals in its course, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Motorist And Influence Chauffeur Combination Set stands out for its exceptional performance, durability, and convenience. It beats others with its compact dimension yet effective capabilities that rival larger designs on the market.Pros and Disadvantages Pros: Compact dimension for tight areas Effective brushless electric motors Versatile for numerous applications Lasting battery life Ergonomic layout for comfort Cons: Might be somewhat pricier than entry-level options Limited accessories included in the package Last Verdict: Must You Upgrade Your Arsenal?In conclusion, if you're looking to elevate your device collection with top-of-the-line devices that delivers outstanding results whenever, after that the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Chauffeur And Influence Motorist Combination Kit is worth considering. Its mix of power, performance, flexibility, and toughness makes it a standout option for any individual major concerning their craft. Update your arsenal today and experience the distinction firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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teardownit · 1 year ago

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The new life for your old AM radio (DIY micro power AM MW transmitter AMT-MW207)

Are you the type of person who likes listening to good ol' radio like I do? Unfortunately, medium-wave broadcasting has decayed in the last few decades. There's nothing in many areas, even at night when medium wavelengths work best. That’s why the radios from our childhood stay unused and collect dust.

Today, we will make a small medium-wave radio transmitter that can help you check and configure AM radio receivers and listen to music through them if you connect an MP3 player or smartphone.

The power of this transmitter is 0.0005 watts, and the range is about 3 feet, so you won't disturb your neighbors or need a license for it. The transmitter is AMT-MW207 and was developed by an enthusiast under the nickname "Radio Lover". The circuit is proven to work perfectly and stays unchanged, but the layout of the PCBs can be different. For example, here is the newest and perhaps most nice-looking version 1.3 revision 2, dated September 15, 2022.

I've assembled ver. 1.2 rev. 7. It has a green board, no frequency scale, and the wavelength adjustment knob is located at the very bottom of the board. I consider these differences to be purely aesthetic. The transmission frequency can be viewed much more accurately on the screen of a separate frequency meter or oscilloscope.

Older versions are less convenient to attach the testing hook of the oscilloscope to, and they have no cutouts in the back of the PCB for winding up excess wire. The differences are generally insignificant; all versions of the transmitter work and sound the same.

The DIY kit was designed and kitted with passion: brass fittings, high-quality AA battery holders, and neat resistor value markings.

The potentiometer volume knob was not forgotten either; they also got me a good 3.5 mm TRS-TRS cable. In fact, this is an important detail. You sure can twist the variable resistor's shaft without a handle. Still, you won’t be able to connect a player or a laptop if there is no connecting cable. You won’t be able to try out a freshly assembled device, which will ruin the mood.

The transmitter circuit is simple yet elegant. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are a long-tailed pair, and Q3 is its current stabilizer.

A transistor current stabilizer is an emitter follower whose load is a resistor R6.

According to Ohm's law, the current through this resistor will be equal to the voltage across it divided by its resistance. The voltage at the emitter of a transistor connected to a circuit with a common collector is similar to the voltage at the base minus Vbe.

Vbe, the voltage between the base and the emitter for a particular transistor, is an almost constant value. Nothing is ideal, so Vbe actually depends on the temperature and base current, but these influences are tiny and can be ignored.

R3 and R4 together are a voltage divider. With a supply voltage of 6 volts, the current through this divider is 6V / (R3 + R4) = 6V / 59.2 kOhm = 101 µA. We neglect the base current of transistor Q3, which is connected in parallel with R4. I will explain why later.

The voltage at R4 is 101 µA * 8.2 kOhm = 828 mV. As Vbe = 0.63 V, resistor R6 gets the remaining 199 mV. Then, the current through it will be 60.3 µA.

The emitter current of transistor Q3 is the sum of its collector and base currents. The collector current is β times the base current, where β is the current gain coefficient of the transistor.

The average value of β for the 9011 transistor is 90. That is, the collector current is 60.3 µA * (β-1)/β = 60.3 µA * 89/90 = 59.63 µA.

The base current is 60.3 µA / β = 0.67 µA, less than 0.7% of the R3R4 divider current. Therefore, the base current can be neglected even in such a microampere case due to the fact that Q3 is connected as an emitter follower.

That is, it has a very high input impedance. It can even be calculated: Rin = Vin / Ib = 199 mV / 0.67 µA = 297 kOhm.

Even if our transistor has twice the current gain, β = 180, then the input resistance of such a stage with a common collector at an emitter current of 60 μA is twice as high and equals 594 kOhm.

So, the base current of Q3 is almost zero, and the collector current is almost equal to the emitter. The emitter follower has a high input impedance and can also serve as a voltage-to-current converter and a stable current generator.

This can be useful in many cases, for example, when powering LEDs. Or for generators of linearly varying voltage, their capacitors are charged with a stabilized current. Hence, the voltage across them increases linearly. In the era of cathode-ray oscilloscopes, such generators were used to deflect the beam horizontally.

In addition to the constant voltage from the divider R3R4, an audio signal is supplied to the base of transistor Q3. Identical resistors R1 and R2 mix stereo down to mono. Capacitors C1 and C2 let alternating current pass through and block direct current.

Potentiometer W regulates the amplitude of the signal. With the same voltage divider as R3R4, only the ratio of the resistances of the upper and lower branches can be changed by turning the knob.

So, transistors Q1 and Q2 form a differential amplifier. The total current of these two transistors, set by the current stabilizer on Q3 and modulated by the incoming audio signal, is redistributed between Q1 and Q2, depending on the voltage difference at their bases.

Collector Q1 is connected to the power supply positive terminal. Thus, the output of the differential amplifier is the collector of Q2, the inverting input is the base of Q2, and the non-inverting input is the base of Q1.

Resistors R7 and R8 set a constant bias for the bases of Q1 and Q2. Let's assume that the input impedance of each of the inputs of the differential amplifier is 100 kOhm.

Then, the current I1 will be twice as high as the current I2. After all, base Q2 is directly connected to the node between R5 and R7, and base Q1 base is connected through resistor R5 with a resistance equal to the input. That is, the base current, and therefore the collector current, for Q1 will be half as low.

We get a system of equations: I2 = I1 * 2; I1 + I2 = I3 = 60 µA.

The solution to the system of equations is I1 * 3 = 60 μA; I1 = 20 µA; I2 = 40 µA. These are precisely the reference current values that the author of the scheme mentioned in his explanations.

Older versions of the board, if you look closely, had jumpers for you to connect a multimeter as a microammeter and adjust the operation modes of transistors with trim potentiometers, which should be soldered in place of R3, R5, and R7.

However, judging by everyone's experience, these transmitters work perfectly with the included resistors and need no tweaking. Therefore, jumpers were removed from the new versions, but the holes for trim pots were left on the PCB.

The load of the differential amplifier is the LC resonant tank L1C4, and the output is connected to the non-inverting input through capacitor C3. The inverting input is grounded for alternating current by capacitor C5.

We have the Colpitts generator, which we've studied in the previous post! The only difference is that it is assembled not on one transistor but on a three-transistor differential amplifier.

C4 is a variable capacitor for adjusting the oscillation frequency, and L1 is a ferrite rod wound coil of the transmitting magnetic antenna.

The L2 coil connects an oscilloscope, frequency meter, or spectrum analyzer. You can also try connecting an external antenna to it to increase the transmission range. This won't help much because the operating currents of our transmitter are only tens of microamps, but it won't hurt either.

youtube

This transmitter sounds high-quality. Of course, you can clearly hear that this is an AM radio because this is indeed a real AM radio! The quality of FM transmission is much higher, which is one of the main reasons that it has replaced good old AM.

The sine wave on the oscilloscope screen looks nice at first glance. But if we look closely, we will see that the upper half-wave is slightly pointed, and the lower one is rounded and even a little flattened.

From an article about a homemade tube amplifier, we already know that such a waveform indicates a significant presence of the second harmonic and a small admixture of the third harmonic. For a powerful transmitter, this would be bad, but for a compact one, it is fine.

By the way, the eight-transistor superheterodyne in the video is also a DIY project. If you are interested, I can write another post on this and my other radios with a detailed description.

#diyelectronics #Youtube

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kd8bxp · 2 years ago

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Liked on YouTube: DIY sonar scanner (practical experiments)

DIY sonar scanner (practical experiments) Starlink, Medical Ultrasound, 5G and my DIY sonar scanner have one thing in common: Phased arrays. Phased what..? My practical experiments convey the physics behind the manipulation of waves in a playful manner. The result is a real DIY sonar scanner. Check it out! Give my sponsor Aisler a try: https://aisler.de My board: https://ift.tt/edqagIT Browser based simulator: https://ift.tt/BTIhVjP Scanner code: https://ift.tt/RY0zFqU Links to parts and tools (affiliate links): 4 Channel Mosfet Switch: https://ift.tt/uUvzgRL Solenoid: https://ift.tt/O4K8g0z Soldering iron: https://ift.tt/AoFzNER Miniware Hot Plate: https://ift.tt/O1EIpxK Flux: https://ift.tt/socamdV Syringe Pusher: https://ift.tt/iDkv762 Variable Power Supply: https://ift.tt/TKMQjg0 Arduino Nano clone: https://ift.tt/nqHwU31 ESP32 Mini KIT: https://ift.tt/VF7gh6Z Mini Breadboards: https://ift.tt/IcVH8ZQ My camera and lens (4k 60fps): https://ift.tt/BbQNY9o Github Sponsors: https://ift.tt/beZs8AG Patreon: https://ift.tt/9vG4zuK Channel membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp_5PO66faM4dBFbFFBdPSQ/join Paypal: https://ift.tt/rGuhcp2 Twitter: @bitluni Discord: https://ift.tt/Q0ch4nk 0:00 Intro 0:32 Ultrasonic sensor basics 1:52 Phased arrays 2:26 Water wave experiment 3:11 Phase simulation 5:02 Starlink 5:44 Medical ultrasound 6:07 Mechanical phased array experiment 7:55 Ultrasound array design 8:20 Sponsor: Aisler 8:58 Array assembly 9:57 Software 10:38 Visualization CNC experiment 12:29 Sonar build and results Media sources: • Hackaday Supercon - HunterScott : Why Phased Arrays are Cool ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytBmoL2wZLw • Wikipedia - Phased array: https://ift.tt/hmbiqIg • Hearing frequencies: https://ift.tt/yxmSZhR • Demi, L. Practical Guide to Ultrasound Beam Forming https://ift.tt/nrCgYyG • Starlink auto-adjust - Simon Miller https://youtu.be/KtjUsPCl5-M • Starlink Teardown: DISHY DESTROYED! Ken Keiter https://youtu.be/iOmdQnIlnRo • Antennas - Matthias Groeneveld on Pexels • Starlink Tracker 1: https://starlink.sx/ • Starlink Tracker 2: https://ift.tt/jTqgGua • Starlink cats - Aaron Taylor https://twitter.com/Tippen22/status/1476985855981993984 #electronics #maker via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4uxC7ISd-c

#IFTTT #YouTube

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bad-bad-brain · 7 months ago

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Upgrade Your Collection: A Closer Take A Look At the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Motorist And Impact Driver Combination Set

Introducing the Ultimate Power Duo When it comes to tackling DIY projects or expert tasks, having the right devices can make all the distinction. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Effect Vehicle Driver Combination Set is a game-changer in the world of power tools. This vibrant duo integrates accuracy, power, and adaptability in a small and lightweight package.Unboxing and Initial Perceptions Upon unpacking the kit, you are greeted with a streamlined and modern design that radiates top quality workmanship. The tools are well-packaged and come with whatever you need to start today. The focus to detail appears from the moment you lay eyes on these remarkable tools.Design and Build Quality The drill motorist and influence motorist boast a durable construction that can endure even the hardest conditions. The ergonomic design fits easily in your hand, permitting prolonged use without tiredness. The brushless electric motors supply maximum efficiency and effectiveness, guaranteeing that every job is completed with precision.Performance and Power Don't allow their portable size fool you- these devices load a strike when it pertains to efficiency. The drill chauffeur easily drills with timber, metal, and masonry easily, while the impact chauffeur provides high torque for driving screws and fasteners without damaging a sweat. Whether you're servicing a tiny job or a large endeavor, these tools will not disappoint.Versatility in Action One of the standout functions of this combination set is its convenience. With several clutch settings on the drill chauffeur and variable rate control on the effect driver, you have full control over your job. From fragile tasks that require finesse to durable applications that demand power, these devices can handle it all.Battery Life and Charging Geared up with long-lasting lithium-ion batteries, these tools provide remarkable runtimes that maintain you functioning without disturbances. The rapid battery charger makes certain quick recharging so you can return to your task in no time. Say goodbye to downtime because of battery concerns - this combo kit has actually got you covered.Ergonomics and User Experience The ergonomically created takes care of provide a comfy grasp that lessens stress on your hands and wrists during long term usage. The user-friendly controls make procedure simple for both novices and skilled specialists alike. Every aspect of these devices has been thoroughly crafted to enhance your user experience.Comparison with Rivals When contrasted to competitors in its course, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Vehicle Driver And Effect Vehicle driver Combo Package stands out for its exceptional performance, toughness, and convenience. It beats others with its portable size yet powerful capacities that rival larger designs on the market.Pros and Cons Pros: Compact size for limited rooms Effective brushless motors Versatile for different applications Long-lasting battery life Ergonomic design for convenience Cons: Might be a little costlier than entry-level alternatives Restricted devices consisted of in the set Last Decision: Ought To You Upgrade Your Arsenal?In verdict, if you're looking to boost your tool collection with high-grade equipment that supplies extraordinary outcomes every single time, then the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Motorist And Influence Motorist Combination Package deserves considering. Its combination of power, performance, convenience, and toughness makes it a standout selection for anybody major concerning their craft. Upgrade your arsenal today and experience the difference firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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ashleeeeeighx0 · 7 months ago

Text

Upgrade Your Arsenal: A Closer Check Out the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combination Set

Unveiling the Ultimate Power Duo When it comes to tackling DIY jobs or specialist jobs, having the right devices can make all the difference. The 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Motorist And Effect Chauffeur Combination Kit is a game-changer in the world of power tools. This dynamic duo integrates precision, power, and convenience in a small and light-weight package.Unboxing and First Perceptions Upon unboxing the set, you are welcomed with a streamlined and contemporary layout that emanates top quality workmanship. The tools are well-packaged and come with everything you need to start today. The interest to information is evident from the moment you lay eyes on these excellent tools.Design and Construct Quality The drill motorist and effect motorist flaunt a durable construction that can stand up to even the hardest conditions. The ergonomic style fits easily in your hand, enabling extended use without fatigue. The brushless motors supply maximum efficiency and performance, making certain that every task is finished with precision.Performance and Power Do not allow their portable dimension fool you- these devices pack a strike when it concerns performance. The drill vehicle driver easily drills via timber, steel, and stonework easily, while the influence chauffeur supplies high torque for driving screws and fasteners without damaging a sweat. Whether you're servicing a tiny task or a large endeavor, these devices will certainly not disappoint.Versatility in Action One of the standout attributes of this combination set is its flexibility. With several clutch setups on the drill motorist and variable rate control on the effect driver, you have total control over your job. From delicate tasks that call for finesse to durable applications that require power, these tools can manage it all.Battery Life and Charging Furnished with resilient lithium-ion batteries, these tools supply impressive runtimes that maintain you functioning without disturbances. The rapid battery charger ensures fast reenergizing so you can get back to your task in no time at all. Bid farewell to downtime because of battery problems - this combination set has got you covered.Ergonomics and Customer Experience The ergonomically developed deals with supply a comfy grip that decreases strain on your hands and wrists throughout prolonged usage. The instinctive controls make procedure very easy for both beginners and seasoned experts alike. Every aspect of these tools has been meticulously crafted to improve your customer experience.Comparison with Competitors When compared to rivals in its class, the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Vehicle Driver And Effect Driver Combination Package attracts attention for its premium performance, toughness, and flexibility. It outperforms others with its portable dimension yet powerful abilities that measure up to bigger models on the market.Pros and Cons Pros: Compact size for limited rooms Effective brushless motors Versatile for various applications Lasting battery life Ergonomic style for convenience Cons: May be somewhat pricier than entry-level alternatives Restricted accessories included in the set Last Verdict: Should You Update Your Arsenal?In verdict, if you're looking to boost your tool collection with top-of-the-line devices that delivers remarkable results whenever, then the 18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Chauffeur And Influence Vehicle Driver Combo Package deserves thinking about. Its mix of power, efficiency, adaptability, and sturdiness makes it a standout option for any person severe regarding their craft. Upgrade your arsenal today and experience the distinction firsthand ! Product Reviews By Manzel Caudle And Associates.

18V Subcompact Brushless Drill Driver And Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

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teardownit · 2 years ago

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How does the DC-DC converter work?

DIY voltage-boosting LED driver

How is it assembled? How do you convert an existing one to suit your needs?

Hi! My secret helper wrote this post.

She's in love with electronics, guitars, and cats.

Kevin (teardownit.com editor)

ANOTHER secret helper. This guy can't write posts.

We will consider the principles of how a step-up (boost) converter operates, and most importantly, current and voltage feedback, using a homemade LED flashlight as an example.

Pulse power converters (or voltage converters, as they are generally called) have long been an integral part of electronic technology. The fact of the matter is, chemical current sources such as batteries and accumulators produce low voltage, while many other devices, primarily those based on vacuum and gas-discharge lamps, require high voltage.

The basis for today's DIY kit is the ready-made ICSK034A from icstation.com. This is a kit for assembling a 5 to 12 volt step-up converter.

This isn’t just a joule thief, but a stabilized converter that maintains a predetermined voltage at the output. However, my goal today is not to make a 12V power supply, instead, I want to make an LED flashlight with continuously variable brightness. In other words, I’m going to make a controlled boost current regulator for the LED.

So, today we are going to study the feedback of pulse power converters and as a result, we will be able to build a converter with the properties that we need. Or we can modify an existing converter to the one we need, specifically, one where we can add or change the current or voltage feedback. Or we can make the existing feedback controllable, i.e. add the possibility of reconfiguration.

The main component of a step-up converter is the coil. In electronics, coils and capacitors are called reactors because there is a reaction, i.e., a counteraction.

Converter operating principle

The step-up voltage converter works as follows. The power consumer is connected to the power supply through a coil and a diode. If nothing happens, the voltage at the consumer is equal to the input voltage minus the drop on the diode and the coil's active resistance.

But after the coil, there is a switch that closes the circuit, which consists of the power supply and the coil. In a real converter, this would be a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or a field-effect transistor (FET). This can also be a separate transistor or one that’s integrated into a chip.

When this switch closes the circuit, the current in the coil increases. The active resistance of the coil is usually low, so it should be turned on briefly so as not to burn anything out.

When the switch breaks the circuit, the coil tries to keep the current constant. Now there is no path for the current to take through the switch, so it will go through the diode to the power consumer instead.

When the circuit of the switch is opened, the current decreases. At the moment the current decreases, an electromotive force (EMF), i.e. voltage, is generated in the coil. Its polarity causes the current to flow in the same direction as it did when the switch was turned on.

That is, this additional voltage is added to the EMF of the power source. Therefore, the power consumer receives more voltage than the original source provides. This is the reason why this type of converter is called a “boost” converter.

The capacitor smoothes out voltage spikes in parallel to the power consumer. When the coil generates an electromotive force, it is charged to a higher voltage. When the coil is charged with current through a switch, the capacitor gives the stored charge to the power consumer.

These two reactors, or integrators, the coil, and the capacitor are integral parts of the step-up conversion process and are mandatory components of the converter.

A diode is also mandatory, as it prevents the capacitor from discharging through the switch. The diode only allows the current to flow in one direction. If the power consumer is a battery, the diode prevents it from discharging through the switch.

Properties of the inductor coil

The voltage at the output of the inverter depends on the discharging capacitor’s current consumption and its charging energy given by the coil in each duty cycle. The magnetic field energy of the coil with current is equal to the inductance of the coil multiplied by the square of the current in it.

For its part, the strength of the current running through the coil depends on the voltage of the original source and the time during which it was charged. This is because as magnetic energy accumulates, the current strength increases gradually in the coil.

We can observe that the current gradually increases. The oscilloscope shows the voltage on the series resistor, which depends on the current as per Ohm's law.

A resistor that converts current to voltage for the purpose of measuring the current or current feedback is called a shunt.

We can observe a beautiful exponential fragment of the magnetization curve because the coil is charged with current just like a capacitor is charged with voltage. When we break the circuit, we can observe the neon bulb light up.

It needs at least 50 volts to break through the interelectrode gap and establish a glow discharge. It’s even closer to 80 volts. The battery voltage is 3 volts. You can observe how the coil’s voltage increases by several orders of magnitude.

Study the diagram

Now let's look at the circuit of the converter. It is built on the MC34063 chip. The capacitor C3 determines the frequency of the oscillation. The capacity of 100 picofarads corresponds to the highest frequency of this chip, which is 100 kilohertz. That is 100,000 on-and-off actions per second. Our electronic friends sure know how to work fast.

The resistor R2 determines the peak current of the output transistor, i.e. our switch. It is a shunt. When the voltage on it reaches 300 millivolts, the chip closes the transistor, thus stopping the further increase of current. 300 millivolts on a 1 Ω resistor will be at 300 milliamps current.

The resistor R1 limits the base current of the output transistor. It is not a shunt because this resistor does not turn the current into a voltage that controls anything, but simply limits the current according to Ohm's law.

The small LED D2 has two functions. It is both an indicator of the instrument’s operation and most importantly, the idle load.

An idle load is a mandatory part of any inverter or stabilizer since neither can operate when no power is being consumed because there would be nothing to convert or stabilize.

Now for the best part. Any stabilizer has a feedback input. The stabilizer controls the movement of something, such as an electric current, in such a way that the feedback voltage always equals a certain value.

The linear voltage regulator opens the output transistor so that the voltage between the output and the feedback pin is 5 volts if it is a 7805, or 1.25 V in the case of an LM317.

All excess voltage falls on the line stabilizer transistor. This transistor is connected in series with the power consumer. Therefore the current through them is the same.

Let’s say that it’s one ampere, for example. The power supply voltage is 9 V, and the power consumer voltage is 5 V. That is a four-volt drop on the transistor.

Power is equal to current multiplied by voltage. Therefore, the total consumption from the power supply would be 9 watts. But the consumer only gets 5 of these watts. Four watts are lost on the stabilizer transistor, which heats it.

This is a waste of energy, which is especially bad in conditions of autonomous power supply from batteries or generators. The line stabilizer also needs a heat sink to cool it, which comes with additional volume, weight, and cost.

Unlike a linear converter, a pulse converter opens and closes the output transistor completely. When the transistor is fully open, there is a small voltage drop across the transistor, so less heat is generated. The pulse converter has the capability of increasing the voltage, while the linear converter can only decrease it.

So, the feedback input of this pulse chip is its fifth pin. The MC34063 controls the duty cycle so that it holds 1.25 volts on the feedback pin.

The duty cycle is the ratio of the time interval when the transistor is open to the total period of oscillation.

In the schematic, the voltage divider R3R4 is connected to the feedback pin. The resistor R4 has a resistance of 1.2 kΩ. The voltage across it is nearly 1.2 volts, so the current will be one milliampere.

Therefore, the resistor R3, with a resistance of 10 kΩ, will have a voltage of 10 V. 10 + 1.2 = 11.2, that is, almost 12 V at the output of the inverter. This is the voltage feedback.

To get the current feedback, you need a shunt the voltage of which is 1.25V at the desired current. The kit page on the developer's website, http://www.icstation.com/icstation-step-module-boost-converter-power-supply-module-p-4151.html, says that the converter can handle 60 milliamps at five volts on the input and 12 volts on the output.

I plan to use an LED matrix with an operating voltage of about 10 volts. This matrix consists of three white LEDs connected in series. It turns out that the output voltage of the converter will be the same: 10V at the LED plus 1.25V at the shunt.

However, I won’t be powering the converter from a five-volt USB power bank, but rather from a lithium battery. Its minimum voltage is 3.7 V.

The lower the input voltage is, the higher the load on the coil and the transistor of the step-up converter.

The chip in this kit is quite powerful, but the coil is weak. Therefore, it is possible to draw a current of (60/5)*3.7 = 44 milliamps from the output of the inverter. Hence, the shunt resistance should be 30 Ω.

This huge LED can draw up to 900 mA, but it needs a heat sink in this case. If I were to use a more powerful coil, it would be possible to make a step-up converter with a higher output current.

Accordingly, I could set a higher peak current with the resistor R2, but not more than 1.5 amperes, because this is the limit for our chip.

I also want to add gradual brightness control. To this end, I won’t connect the shunt directly to the feedback input, but with a 1.2 kΩ resistor. The feedback input of the chip has a high resistance, so this resistor will not change anything on its own.

We’ll add a 50 kΩ variable resistor and a 5 kΩ ordinary resistor in series to prevent a direct connection of the feedback pin to the inverter output.

Now the feedback voltage will be equal to the sum of the shunt voltage and the additional 1.2 kΩ resistor. The chip keeps the feedback voltage constant. It will always be at 1.25 volts.

Therefore the voltage at the shunt, and therefore the LED current, will be lower by the value of the voltage at the additional resistor. This voltage depends on the current running through the variable resistor.

If this current value is one milliampere, the shunt is left with zero volts in total. In other words, the LED is not powered.

Everyone, or at least nearly everyone, knows that LEDs are powered by current; the higher the current, the brighter the light. At the same time, the voltage of the LED remains practically constant at different current values.

Sometimes LEDs are even used as stabilizers, i.e. voltage regulators. Thus, we’ll consider that the voltage across these three resistors (50k, 5k, and 1.2k) is ten volts.

If the variable resistor knob is in the 0 Ω position, the resistance of this circuit is 6.2 kΩ. The current is above 1 milliampere, that is, the LED is off.

If the knob is in the 50 kΩ position, the total resistance is 56 kΩ and the current is 180 microamperes.

This is eighteen percent of one milliampere. Therefore, the shunt resistance can be reduced by eighteen percent. So we get 26 Ω for the shunt.

As a result, we get a brightness controller. If the LED is always connected to the output of the inverter, nothing else needed to be done. The LED will limit the output voltage of the inverter.

If there’s no LED or the output voltage is lower than the operating voltage of the LED, that is, it is closed and does not take part in the operation of the circuit, the brightness control circuit operates as voltage feedback.

The current of the divider is one milliampere. Specifically, the number of volts at the output is equal to the number of kΩ of the total resistance of the divider. The lowest voltage output is 6.2 volts. This is acceptable.

However, the highest voltage is 56 volts, which is too high. This can damage the electrolytic capacitor and the diode.

What can we do with the voltage feedback so that it doesn't interfere with the brightness controller? A Zener diode can save the day. This is a special diode that is connected in the reverse direction.

If the voltage on it is lower than its operating voltage, it stays closed and does nothing. If the voltage reaches the operating voltage, it opens and stabilizes the voltage.

In other words, when the LED is plugged in, the Zener diode doesn’t interfere with the flashlight’s operation. When the LED is not connected, the output voltage will be 12 + 1.25 = 13.25V. This voltage may be lower, depending on the position of the brightness control.

Now we can assemble the inverter with the circuit modifications that we have now developed.

The 900-milliampere matrix refused to work from the converter. It needs at least 200-300 mA. The matrix just eats up the small current and doesn’t even glow.

Therefore, I made a matrix of 2p3s (two in parallel, three in series) from ordinary 5mm white LEDs. Thus, the allowable current is 2*20 = 40 mA and the operating voltage is 3*3.3 = 10 V. I didn’t decrease the shunt resistance to 26 Ω, but left it at 30. Moreover, I had just the right resistor in stock.

The video shows tests of the resulting driver at different supply voltages. The brightness adjusts perfectly. The boost converter actually starts working at 1.75 volts of the input supply which is much sooner than at the 3 volts that the chip datasheet proclaims.

With an input voltage of 1.8 V, there’s already enough voltage at the output for the LED matrix to start glowing.

To measure the power conversion efficiency, I connected voltmeters and ammeters to the input and output. The results can be observed in the following table, which shows the measurements at different input voltages and brightness control positions.

The abundance of information can look intimidating, especially in its raw form. However, we only need to look at the columns that display the input voltage, output power, and efficiency. Electrical power is equal to the product of voltage and current, while efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.

This is a graph that shows efficiency vs. input voltage. It’s much more comprehensible than the table. The graph shows that the converter works more efficiently when the supply voltage is higher than 3.5 volts. We can also see the smooth lines corresponding to the turns of the LED brightness control knob, i.e. the output current of the converter.

And this is a graph of efficiency vs. output power. Judging from this, we can say that in the case of our flashlight, the higher the power, the more efficient the conversion is. Again, we see smooth lines, but this time they’re "drawn" by turning the supply voltage regulator.

Why is the efficiency of our flashlight so low? First of all, the shunt loses as much as 1.25 volts. This is more than 12 percent of the LED matrix’s voltage, so it’s more than 12 percent of the efficiency.

Secondly, the supply current of the red indicator LED is comparable to the current of the matrix. At the same time, this indicator is not powered by the input, but by the output. Its current draw resistor R5 simply converts part of the power consumption into heat.

Furthermore, the voltage drops on the Schottky diode D1 and the output power switch that’s built into the MC34063 chip. This switch is a bipolar transistor.

If we were to use a more modern DC-DC converter chip with a MOSFET transistor as an output switch, a lower feedback voltage, and correspondingly, lower shunt losses, the efficiency of the flashlight would be much higher.

DC-DC converters with a synchronous converter that uses a MOSFET instead of a Schottky diode are even more advanced than that.

Alternatively, we could add a shunt signal amplifier, or reduce its resistance and shift up the bias range from the brightness regulator. For example, this could be done in such a way that at maximum LED current, 0.25 volt falls on the shunt and 1 volt comes from the regulator, then the brightness is at its maximum, up to 1.25, then the LED doesn’t shine at all.

Conclusion

In conclusion, today we found out that the world of DC-DC converters is diverse and complex, but it is possible to achieve the desired result through simple means.

To do this, it’s enough to understand how feedback works and how to form the feedback voltage.

A shunt can be used to convert the output current to voltage and, as a result, get a current regulator. The output voltage can be stabilized with an output voltage divider. The output voltage can be limited by a Zener diode, without interfering with the current regulator. With a bias current through a variable resistor, it’s possible to add the desired value to the feedback voltage, making the current regulator adjustable.

Thank you for your attention!

Demo video

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#DC-DC converter #DIY electronics #Electrical engineering #Power electronics #led lights #Youtube

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