#clonorchiasis

[skwonkk]

Wynyard Thalycra Alicia Kravtsov Ragsdale Ducky Merman Calamine Corvid Qinling Sango Distance Singe Heorges Lembasada Penumbra Lemonhead Crisolita Wiedenheft Lifa Tabell Tranexamic Fan Rage Philomena Palmieri Rugstein Curtain Thallarcha Avery Ancestors Gentium Interpretation Sage Fuaahhh Atollo Glamping Ollivar Qumran Pickle Martin Thr Azayakana Agazzi Besproken Lymphonol Yim Leur Toilet Kaiki Microwave Decongestant Wyche Raccoon Clonorchiasis Milty Brygge Flatkey Vinefruit Tothpast Shuppo Ismoil Batton Agresto Giang Gaetano Brollio Hamolly Gerasim Hogstein Maggiore Rambaya Going Horwood Mideojunda More Complain Klath Kernel Markiki Distiller Spacious Jaegan Aurenc Fatab Gueddiq Baywindow Inthewoods Biscuit Stoplight Herzlich Asheho Lorley Hdrid Ashwani Giacinto Fashion Strungo Cpso Itacurubi Seattle Genzō Calliope Krone Scarona Slam van Ryuume Okassel Gibbonsville Ģirts Cowskull Altruisrno Komme Transit Tizic Gazelle Khalaf Bambi Gracida Jettha Ehak Piin Custard Encre Kabanda Skalkaho Ancientwarrior Entertaining Pecent Copic Ruleet Lampo Badir Gather Pupcake Datsky And Shinha Mahasena Cloris Poundit Fetran Milkoli Ooshoya Harpsichord Stek Monder Nortsa King Crisoprasa Zokai Gǎnlǎn de Adossa Nazeeh Mandala Sughd Mizoe Hoga Bernard Armando al Loratadine Phylogeny Glasswall Kilky Telecra Pretzelmaker Betet Liliko Tsorvid Kinling Strawbebbies Reach Peas Hwbie Villarp Solamin Wong Caeda Nikatury Xim Hodgkin Biolol Labf Villanueva Pepciw Omoshiro Marzoe Jace Ancientpanda Humidifier Debabrata Kosmos Eisenwurzen Regia Funskool Nazuci Stromple Feride Feuille Genyim Miogu Shoal Zoueyrat Ortonville Funiculus Tootolbay Dinham Yuzemard Atoth Lalaque Jugoya Vinter Takadanobaba Tatoe Highway Various Ramayana Breuci Shokoko Shordgin Malca Milkawo Mewon Osou Fulwar Talisov Gemeinde Clintail Thymus Imbler Gullagan Distonlan Lamp Basidiocarp Saruwa Keani Hogsana Scirtari Jaim Miraka Peach Afu Lebten Towing Falara Batabata Petrody Petro Jae Gaowen Metrorrhagia Hasselhof Rincon Molco 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Badname Bratz Hisui Doorway Lavendula Oank Professor Grapple Woja Gynger Pina Myrtle Praziquantel Laluka Papava Salted WowWow Sorao Horlath Stupit Guyu Tooloud Itswhat Whatist Shlipo Zutron Enerpak Grinkola Donruss Lindesnes Yukola Dupplin Racapi Biotène Pustard Qana Girlsdate Sorlala Hulalala Oakislandmystery Synthos Barfi Shax Tambourine Ziemowit Sendopopo Hafizullah Vimothy Minth Arcticmint Leolet Nega Julia Winterfest Lax Sirenix Rosisi Städte Mahtron Lilopo Babababa Spores Zeolite Cahill Yorpola Markham Platform Shuwa Henao Pekoko Napoli Hairdye Ayurveda Abasa Monsto Wakeman Richard Rhythm Akubi Okapia Sutton Lutidine Telekura Taxus Mithgur Minomon Güla Toluene Priah Byleth Caramelpudding Alistava Schmilp Frooties Yapiko Cosmê Cage Lurvo Pooloe Clompus Milffy Independent Tedora Rembran Going Thames Sincerity Triggerword Huwolt Oldo der Shulfush Huala Dragonhat Rapple Battaton America Margle Mountainleech Bedmonster Siguang Crinkle Wildboar Plinko Shiala Springley Kijae Wahab 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[rohans18]

Clonorchiasis Market Key Players, Outlook and Forecast 2028

Global Clonorchiasis Market, By Applications (Viral Infections, Jaundice, Bile Duct Obstruction, Bile Duct Inflammation, Liver Cirrhosis, Others), Product (Tablets, Capsules), Route of Administration (Oral, Parenteral), Treatment (Praziquantel, Albendazole), End Users (Hospitals, Speciality Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical Centres, and Others), Distribution Channel (Online Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Direct Tender and Others), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Rest of South America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Hungary, Lithuania, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Rest of Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Rest of Asia-Pacific, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Egypt, Israel, Kuwait, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028

In the consistent Clonorchiasis market research report, industry trends are put together on macro level with which clients can figure out market landscape and possible future issues about Clonorchiasis industry. The scope of this market report include but is not limited to latest trends, market segmentation, new market entry, industry forecasting, future directions, opportunity identification, strategic analysis and planning, target market analysis, insights and innovation. The report presents with the CAGR value fluctuations for the specific forecasted period which helps decide costing and investment strategies. An influential Clonorchiasis market report brings precise and exact market research information that drives business into the right direction.

Key Players

GSK Plc. (U.K.)

Galderma (Switzerland)

Valeant Pharmaceuticals (Canada)

Hisamitsu Pharmaceuticals Co. Inc. (Japan)

Cipla Inc. (India)

Glenmark (India)

Johnson & Johnson Private Limited (U.S.)

Novartis AG (Germany)

Bayer AG (Germany)

Crescita Therapeutics Inc. (Canada)

Biofarmitalia S.R.L (Italy)

Browse More Info @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-clonorchiasis-market

The research studies entailed in the winning Clonorchiasis market report supports to estimate several important aspects that includes but are not limited to investment in a rising market, success of a new product, and expansion of market share. The strategies underlined here mainly consist of new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others that boost footprints in this market. Several other factors such as import, export, gross margin, price, cost, and consumption are also analyzed under the section of production, supply, sales and market status.

Key questions answered in the report:

Which product segment will grab a lion’s share?

Which regional market will emerge as a frontrunner in coming years?

Which application segment will grow at a robust rate?

Report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Clonorchiasis Market.

Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market.

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market.

Table Of Content

Part 01: Executive Summary

Part 02: Scope Of The Report

Part 03:  Global Market

Part 04: Global Market Size

Part 05: Global Market Segmentation By Product

Part 06: Five Forces Analysis

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[villainessbian]

That stretches the imagination, because how/why would it chew its way through your digestive system and body but stay on the surface, waiting for water that is most likely to end up on the ground anyway?

That book might have misspoken about (or child-you might have misunderstood) schistosmiasis, which is an infection by a very small freshwater worm called stichostome that is able to burrow into you and then live inside your blood system and/or organs for years. Its eggs, when they survive the immune system (the human immune system is ridiculously efficient, compared to the animal kingdom average), can be expelled through urine or faeces. They need the first stage of their development to happen in freshwater snails, so the juvenile worms/eggs are mostly innocuous, except for the part where there are living things burrowed inside you that shouldn't be there.

Similar conditions (from similar worms) include clonorchiasis (from tapeworm clonorchis), opisthorchiasis (tapeworm opisthorchis, starting to see the pattern?), taeniasis (taenia tapeworms), cysticercosis (cysticercus taenia larvae), fasciolopsiasis (tapeworm fascilopsis), and fasciolosis (tapeworm fasciola). Many of them have similar requirements for their first development stages: a smaller animal, usually a snail and then you, or a fish and then you. Some weirdos like echinococcosis (tapeworm echinococcus) go from snail to smaller mammals like foxes instead, and are the reason why you don't eat some plants without washing them first - while most of the stuff from nature your body can shrug off, echinococcus from fox pee is bad for you.

For almost all of these, most people don't develop much symptoms, and a single treatment takes care of all of these (and more): Praziquantel, aka PZQ, a generic tapeworm killer.

When I was little I had a short book about parasites. One of the parasites mentioned was a little worm that you could get infested with by drinking untreated water. When it matured in your body, it would travel into your leg, and proceed to bite you, so the pain would force you to pour water over the spot, and let the parasite into the water, so it could repeat the life cycle.

And I just remembered this, and while I know that there are stranger creatures out there, this sounds made up. Can anyone versed in biology tell me if this thing exists?

[2bmtgroup5-blog]

PRAZIQUANTEL (cestodes, trematodes)

Brand Name: Fluxide

Used for Treatment of:

Schistosomiasis, Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Paragonimiasis,  fasciolopsiasis

Doseage:

Clonorchiasis, fasciolopsiasis, paragonimiasis, opisthorchiasis (Oral)

Adult: 25 mg/kg tid at intervals of 4-6 hour for 1-2 days or 40 mg/kg as a single dose

Child (≥4 years old): Same as adult dose

Schistosomiasis (Oral)

Adult: 20 mg/kg 4-6 hourly for 3 doses or 40-60 mg/kg as a single dose

Child (≥4 years old): Same as adult dose

Administration:  Taken with food

Contraindication:

Ocular cysticercosis

Concomitant admin of strong CYP inducers

Lactation

Special Precautions:

Pregnancy

Patient with cardiac abnormalities, cerebral cysticercosis, history of epilepsy and/or other signs of potential CNS involvement

Moderate to severe hepatic impairment

Adverse Side effects

Headache, drowsiness, dizziness, lassitude

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, malaise, abdominal discomfort, urticaria, rash, fever, asthenia, fatigue,

Rare: raised liver enzyme values, seizures, eosinophilia, pruritus

Half Life: 0.8 to 1.5 hrs

Pharmacokinetics & MOA:

Increases the permeability of trematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium → results in paralysis, dislodgement, and death

Synthetic isoquinoline-pyrazine derivative

Rapidly absorbed, with a bioavailability of 80% after oral administration

Peak serum concentrations are reached 1-3 hours after a therapeutic dose

Rapidly metabolized after a first pass in the liver

Excretion is mainly via the kidneys (60–80%) and bile (15–35%)

Drug interactions:

CYP enzyme-inducing drugs (carbamazepine, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, etc.) may decrease plasma concentrations of praziquantel

Intake along with rifampicin may cause subtherapeutic concentrations of praziquantel and can potentially be fatal

Sources:

Rosenthal, P. (2017). Clinical Pharmacology of the Antihelminthic Drugs. In B.G. Katzung (Ed.), Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (pp. 938-947). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

MIMS (n.d.). Praziquantel. Retrieved 12 May 2019 from https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/praziquantel/?type=brief&mtype=generic

[danielcatenaccimd]

Cholangiocarcinoma Operations

If you have been diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, you should be aware of the surgical procedures used to treat it. There are two primary surgical procedures for this condition: hepatic resection and palliative surgery. Both of these operations can be performed either to eliminate liver cancer or to alleviate disease-related symptoms.

Cholangiocarcinoma is characterized by fever, stomach discomfort, and jaundice. These malignancies affect the liver and gallbladder, which comprise the hepatobiliary system. If your physician suspects you have this illness, there are various viable therapies.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer of the bile ducts, which connect the liver and gallbladder. These ducts transport bile, which aids in the breakdown of fats and waste by the body. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic cancers of the bile duct are the two forms.

A tiny part of the bile ducts within the liver develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In contrast, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma develops in the bile ducts outside of the liver. Both conditions can cause comparable symptoms.

Jaundice is the most prevalent sign of cholangiocarcinoma. The accumulation of bilirubin, a liver byproduct, in the blood produces yellowing of the skin and eyes. Additionally, this illness might cause irritation and exhaustion.

Another possible indication of cholangiocarcinoma is clonorchiasis, an infection with the parasite Chinese liver fluke. Some patients infected with this parasite develop precancerous bile duct cysts. Occasionally, bile duct stones may also develop.

However, the most severe symptom of cholangiocarcinoma is the spread of malignancy. Fortunately, the majority of bile duct tumors can be treated surgically. However, after surgery, some individuals require chemotherapy, while others may require radiation therapy.

The morbidity associated with cholangiocarcinoma-related hepatic resection is substantial. With breakthroughs in anesthetic procedures and postoperative care, however, death rates have reduced dramatically. The only treatment for this fatal illness is surgical resection.

This study seeks to understand which characteristics are predictive of survival following HC resection. This is accomplished by examining patients undergoing surgical resection at Mansoura University in Egypt. To assess the amount and nature of the tumor and lymph node metastases, all pathology data were evaluated. Two groups of survivors were established based on their overall survival.

The authors discovered that patients who received extensive hepatic resection had a greater five-year survival rate than those who underwent less extensive resections. Additionally, the younger age of survivors was correlated with longer survival.

The number of positive safety margins is an additional element connected with long-term survival. These margins are located near the bile duct's border. Negative surgical margins might raise the risk of problems following surgery. Therefore, a negative surgical margin is crucial for the long-term survival of patients with HC.

The existence of a well-differentiated HC tumor is a third factor associated with a longer survival rate. In this investigation, the tumor's extent was determined using the Bismuth-Corlette classification. With a well-differentiated cancer diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate was greater than 60%.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that starts from bile duct epithelial cells. It is frequently characterized by prolonged stomach pain or jaundice. Chemotherapy is vital to the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. In advanced cases, chemotherapy may be administered prior to liver transplantation.

Two kinds of cholangiocarcinoma exist. The extrahepatic form affects bile ducts outside the liver, whereas the intrahepatic kind affects bile canals within the liver. Each place has its own natural history.

Several studies have demonstrated that palliative surgery can provide substantial symptom reduction to a substantial proportion of patients. Nonetheless, assessing the long-term effects of such an operation remains difficult.

The results of exhaustive literature searches included randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and cohort studies. The 3-year survival rates were calculated using a log-rank test after combining and analyzing this data. The results were then classified by primary lesion site.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of both prospective and retrospective studies examining the clinical results of palliative surgery in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. These studies investigated survival rates, postoperative morbidity, and surgical outcomes among 678 patients who satisfied the criteria for palliative surgery.

In the United States, the 5-year survival rate for cholangiocarcinoma patients is below 20%. Despite the fact that some people do survive chemotherapy, a substantial proportion perishes from recurrence.

[bpod-bpod]

Fluky Find

Clonorchis sinensis is a leaf-shaped liver fluke – a hermaphrodite flatworm that feasts on a host’s blood. Common in China and other areas of Asia, infection brings a risk of Clonorchiasis, a potentially deadly disease that is hard to diagnose. Yet the fluke may have a big clue buried in its DNA – the genetic code for a protein called rCs1, which has a unique repetitive structure. Antibodies designed to recognise the tell-tale protein during blood analysis, or serology, will help speed up the fight against infections. Meanwhile, on this zoomed in section of C. sinesis (stained red), rCs1 (green) collects around the edge and inner 'lips' of its acetabulum, a sucker this fluky fiend uses to attach inside its prey – a place researchers are already searching for further signs of weakness.

Written by John Ankers

Image from work by Na Cheng and Xue-Nian Xu, and colleagues

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Image originally published under a Creative Commons Licence (BY 4.0)

Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, August 2018

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[delicatemagazinedreamer]

Who is at Risk for Getting Cholangiocarcinoma?

Hispanic Americans in the United States have a higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma is also more likely to develop if you have: Anomalies at the junction of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. Choledochal cyst illness or bile duct stones (bile duct cysts). Colitis ulcerative colitis is a type of ulcerative colitis that lasts for Cirrhosis of the liver is a disease that affects the liver. Clonorchiasis is a kind of clonorchiasis (infection with a Chinese liver fluke parasite).

Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C are the two types of hepatitis.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in the bile ducts, which transport the digesting fluid bile. Bile ducts are tubes that run from your liver to your gallbladder and small intestine. Cholangiocarcinoma, often known as bile duct cancer, is more common in persons over 50, but it can strike anyone at any age. Cholangiocarcinoma is classified into four categories based on where the cancer develops in the bile ducts:

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a kind of liver cancer that develops in the portions of the bile ducts within the liver. The bile ducts just outside the liver are affected by hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma is another name for this form of cholangiocarcinoma. The section of the bile duct closest to the small intestine is affected by distal cholangiocarcinoma. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is another name for this kind.

Read more @ https://digitalgrowinfo.blogspot.com/2021/12/cholangiocarcinoma-is-type-of.html

[freesuitwhispers]

Global  Clonorchiasis Market Analysis, Trends and Insights 2020-2026

Summary - A new market study, titled “Clonorchiasis Market Research Report- Global Forecast Till 2023”has been featured on WiseGuyReports.

Report Description

This report analyzes the clonorchiasis market by parasites (clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, opisthorchis felineus), therapy (diagnosis (microscopic examination, x-ray, serologic tests), treatment), end user (hospitals); it also studies the top manufacturers in the market.

 The clonorchiasis market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 5.4 % during the forecast period.

 The major players in clonorchiasis market include:

Also Read: https://www.theexpresswire.com/pressrelease/Clonorchiasis-2020-Global-Market-OutlookResearchTrends-And-Forecast-To-2023_10615437

• Pfizer (U.S)

• Bayer AG (Germany)

• Provet (Switzerland)

• Virbac (India)

• Cipla (India)

• Novartis AG (Switzerland)

• CIRON Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. (India)

• Merck & Co., Inc. (U.S.)

• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (Switzerland)

• Abbott (U.S.)

• Arsanis, Inc. (Austria)

• Novabiotics (U.K.)

• GlaxoSmithKline plc. (U.K.)

• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd (Taiwan)

 The market revenue and share have been analyzed with respect to the following regions and countries:

 Americas

North America

U.S.

Canada

South America

Europe

Western Europe

U.K.

France

Germany

Italy

Spain

Rest of Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

India

Australia

Republic of Korea

Rest of Asia-Pacific

The Middle East & Africa

United Arab Emirates

Saudi Arabia

Oman

Kuwait

Qatar

Rest of The Middle East & Africa

 On the basis of parasites, the clonorchiasis market has been categorized into the following segments:

 • Clonorchis Sinensis

• Opisthorchis Viverrini

• Opisthorchis Felineus

 On the basis of therapy, the clonorchiasis market has been categorized into the following segments:

 • Diagnosis (Microscopic Examination, X-Ray, Serologic Tests)

• Treatment

 On the basis of end user, the clonorchiasis market has been categorized into the following segments:

 • Hospitals

 Research Methodology

 Market Research Future analysis is conducted by industry experts who offer insight into industry structure, market segmentation, technology assessment, competitive landscape (CL), and market penetration, as well as on emerging trends. Besides primary interviews (~80%) and secondary research (~20%), their analysis is based on years of professional expertise in their respective industries. Our analysts also predict where the market will be headed in the next five to 10 years, by analyzing historical trends and current market positions. Furthermore, the varying trends of segments and categories in different regions are estimated based on primary and secondary research.

Both the top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the market and to estimate the size of various other dependent sub-markets. The key players in the market were identified through secondary research, and their market contributions in the respective regions were determined through primary and secondary research. This entire process included the study of the annual and financial reports of the top market players and extensive interviews for key insights with industry leaders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns were determined using secondary sources and verified through primary sources. All the possible parameters that affect the market covered in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to arrive at the final quantitative and qualitative data. This data has been consolidated, and detailed inputs and analysis by Market Research Future added before being presented in this report.

FOR MORE DETAILS: https://www.wiseguyreports.com/reports/3496581-clonorchiasis-market-research-report-global-forecast-till-2023

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[ephrona-blog]

Pay attention to The common disease of dairy cow!

Dairy cows are the production machines and profit objects of cattle farms, but in the actual feeding management, cows will suffer from some chronic diseases because of the unfavorable supervision of cattle farm personnel, which will bring great economic losses to the cattle farms. Therefore, experts remind: dairy cattle breeding must do a good job in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Common respiratory diseases

Bovine respiratory diseases are generally caused by the environment, such as excessive harmful gases in the cowshed, which lead to the respiratory tract being stimulated and damaged and infected by a virus, or because of the dry air, excessive dust in the air leading to bovine respiratory diseases. And some cattle respiratory diseases have high infectivity and fatality rate, so cattle breeding should prevent respiratory diseases. Common respiratory diseases in cattle are:

Tuberculosis. The disease is a chronic consumptive infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its pathological features are the formation of characteristic granuloma, caseous necrosis and calcified nodules in multiple tissues and organs of diseased cattle. The disease is a chronic process. The cattle show progressive emaciation, cough, and dyspnea, but their body temperature is generally normal.

Infectious bovine pleuropneumonia. The chronic cattle with this disease mostly turn over from acute. The digestive function of diseased cattle is disordered and thin. Most diseased cattle have no obvious symptoms, but they are poisoned for a long time. The cattle were sensitive to palpation, and the lesion was located in the voiced area.

  Prevention and control:

Strengthen feeding management and environmental monitoring, and regularly  make sanitation and disinfection.

Tuberculosis: Isotoxin callus, streptomycin, kanamycin, and rifampicin can be used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. No therapeutic significance should be eliminated as soon as possible. There is no ideal vaccine for the disease. The best prevention and control strategy is to strengthen quarantine and surveillance to prevent the introduction of the disease and the spread of the epidemic.

Infectious pleuropneumonia: Tylosin, kanamycin sulfate and other medicines can be used to treat infectious pleuropneumonia. Cattle diagnosed should be eliminated as soon as possible. The disease is mainly prevented. Cattle farms should not introduce cattle from epidemic areas, and imported cattle should be strictly quarantined. Bovine infectious pleuropneumonia attenuated vaccine inoculated once a year in cattle over 6 months of age can prevent the onset of the disease.

Common digestive system diseases

Digestive tract disease is caused by feed nutrition and feeding methods. It can be divided into acute and chronic diseases. If the treatment is not timely, it will often turn into chronic diseases.

Chronic anterior gastric flaccidity. Symptoms of diseased cattle: loss of appetite, reduction or cessation of rumination and belching, weakening or disappearance of peristaltic sounds in the rumen, reticulum, and valvular stomach, weakening of intestinal peristaltic sounds, decreased milk production and depression. Most of the cases turned to chronic because of untimely treatment. The diseased cattle were progressively emaciated, exhausted and unable to lie down. The main reasons are: an improper mix of feed and forage, deterioration, lack of minerals and vitamins, inappropriate management, stress reaction, cattle suffering from nutritional metabolic diseases and the use of antibiotics in numerous rumen flora disorders can also cause the disease.

Chronic gastroenteritis. The main symptoms of diseased cattle are persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, thin feces, mucus and pus blood, its odor, depression of cattle spirit, loss of appetite, stop of rumination, sharp decline in milk production, severe dehydration, acidosis, hypothermia, cyanosis of the mucosa, and eventual exhaustion and death. It is mainly due to the long-term lack of exercise or overwork of dairy cows, coupled with sudden changes in feed or eating corrupt, frozen, polluted, non-digestible, toxic herbs, which easily lead to the disease.

Parasitic diseases. The main symptoms of cattle were hemorrhagic enteritis, anemia, and digestive disorders. Clonorchiasis infection is generally a chronic process, which can cause cow milk production decline, low milk fat rate and short milk production peak period, and affect the growth, development, fertility and calving performance of cows. Serious cases can lead to death. The main parasites that infect the digestive tract of dairy cows are cryptosporidium, Fasciola hepatica, anteroposterior and posterior dishware, digestive tract nematode, Haemonchus contortus, esophageal mouth nematode, Ascaris and so on.

 Prevention and control:

Preventive treatment is the main method for anterior gastric flaccidity. To prevent this disease, we should improve the feeding management, rationally allocate feed, refine the diet, and not feed moldy or frozen feed. The main treatment is to stimulate and enhance the motility of the forestomach. Potassium antimony tartrate is usually administered through the gastric tube, which can be injected with neostigmine. The use of micro-ecological agents or traditional Chinese medicine can also play a role in disease prevention.

For cattle gastroenteritis, we should mainly strengthen grazing or reduce labor, increase nutrition, and do a good job of feed supervision.

It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and diagnosis of parasitic diseases and select effective, broad-spectrum and easy-to-use drugs for insecticidal treatment according to the results of monitoring and diagnosis. Two or more drugs can be used together to improve the efficacy, reduce the number of drug use and expand the scope of insecticidal treatment. To change bad feeding management and grazing habits, feces should be concentrated fermentation to eliminate and control pathogens.

  Common reproductive diseases

Cows suffering from reproductive system diseases are very serious for cattle farms, which will affect the productivity of dairy farms. Therefore, dairy cows must prevent cows from suffering from reproductive system diseases.

Chronic endometritis. Chronic endometritis in dairy cows is mostly caused by bacterial infection during or after childbirth. Chronic endometritis in dairy cows can be divided into catarrhal, catarrhal purulent and recessive endometritis.

The symptoms of diseased cattle are the vaginal discharge of turbid mucus, more mucus when lying down or estrus, abnormal estrus cycle of affected cattle, accompanied by mental retardation, loss of appetite, gradual wasting, elevated body temperature, and other symptoms. Recessive diseased dairy cows have no obvious clinical symptoms. Their estrus cycle is normal, but they are often sterile. Some diseased dairy cows do not have estrus, and uterine empyema or hydrops. During the rectal examination, the uterus of diseased cattle was enlarged, fluctuated, touched the uterus, and no fetus was found.

Brucellosis. It is a chronic zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella. Brucella mainly infects the reproductive system of dairy cows. The main symptoms were inflammation of uterus, peritoneum, joints and lymph nodes. The most significant symptoms were the abortion of pregnant cows or infertility of cows. Some diseased cows had foul secretions from the vagina.

Mastitis. Mammary mechanical damage, improper milking methods, delayed milking, unclean environment and lack of attention to breast hygiene are all important reasons for promoting cow mastitis. Dairy cow mastitis is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, and cows fed with high protein are also prone to this disease.

Because of the slow development of inflammation in mammary tissue, the clinical symptoms of chronic mastitis are not obvious, and cows do not show systemic symptoms, but their milk production decreases, inflammation recurs, lactating acinus is destroyed in a wide range, mammary tissue fibrosis, and finally breast atrophy and sclerosis.

 Prevention and control measures:

The routine treatment of cow endometritis is to use antibiotics to prevent and cure the infection, remove purulent secretions in the uterine cavity, and improve uterine tension and uterine self-cleaning ability. The uterus can be washed with medicated liquid first, and then cleaned by rectal massage, then injected with antibiotics and uterine contractile drugs. At the same time, electrolytes and other medicines can be applied appropriately according to the incidence of the disease.

It is assumed that healthy cattle can be treated symptomatically for brucellosis, and those with no therapeutic significance should be eliminated in time. At the same time, quarantine and surveillance should be strengthened to prevent the introduction and spread of epidemic diseases.

There are many problems that need to be paid attention to in the process of dairy cattle breeding. A little neglect will cause various diseases of dairy cattle. The occurrence of cow diseases not only costs treatment costs, but also reduces the milk production of cows, which directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. Moreover, it can lead to the death of sick cows or the infection of diseases, which will lead to the sickness or death of economic animals in the whole farm. Therefore, farmers should pay special attention to scientific breeding in the process of breeding. They should not rush for success. They should feed cows with too cheap feed or milk promoter. It is also necessary to conduct regular physical examination of animals in farms. Suspected cases should be isolated in time and keep the farms hygienic. The staff of farms should also conduct professional training, disinfection when entering and leaving the farms, and professional training in milking, including the posture, quantity and quantity of milking. The improper work may cause diseases in cows, so we should actively defend against them.

[boudhabar]

Clonorchiasis, or Chinese liver fluke disease

[paulkattupalli]

clonorchiasis

Introduction

Clonorchiasis, due to Clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchiasis, due to Opisthorchis, occur in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe

-Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are clinically indistinguishable. 

-Humans are infected by eating raw, pickled, frozen, dried, salted, and smoked fish containing the encysted larvae (metacercariae)

-After excystation in the duodenum, immature…

[ptmasterguide]

Causes of Biliary Colic

Causes of Biliary Colic

In this article, we will discuss various Causes of Biliary Colic. So, let’s get started.

Causes

Choledocholithiasis (70-75%)

Biliary stricture

Malignant obstruction of biliary tract

Parasitic infection (ascariasis, clonorchiasis, sinesis)

Ductal compression by lymphadenopathy

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Congenital anomalies of bile ducts such as choledochal cyst.

Chronic pancreatitis

[floridaindependentblog]

Are you Suffering from Parasite Infection?

Any organism that lives on or in another organism is known as a parasite. Generally, these parasitic organisms draw their sustenance from either the host or from the food consumed by the host. However, all parasites depend on their hosts for survival. A parasite depends on its host for food, and to grow and multiply. More often than not, parasites cause harm to their hosts. While parasites themselves may not kill the host, they can cause several problems and diseases, some of which can result in the death of the host. Unlike predators, parasites are usually much smaller than their hosting organisms. However, some parasites can exceed over thirty meters in length. 

Types of Parasites

Protozoa: These are single-celled organisms that need the host to multiply. 

Helminths: The parasites in this group are the worm parasites such as tapeworm, roundworm, pinworm, etc. 

Ectoparasites: This group lives on rather than in their hosts and includes parasites such as fleas and lice.

Parasites in Humans

Contrary to what a vast majority of us think, humans all over the world are susceptible to parasitic infections. While it may be true that people in developing and /or poor countries are more prone to parasitic infections, data shows that people living in developed countries also suffer from parasites. You can visit this article here https://microbeformulas.com/blogs/microbe-formulas/parasites-types-symptoms-tests-and-treatment for detailed information on parasites that affect humans and their treatment. While numerous parasites affect humans, given below are some diseases and the parasites that are responsible for them. 

Diseases Caused due to Protozoa 

Acanthamoebiasis – Affecting the skin, eyes, and brains, this tiny amoeba is found in soil and water, all over the world. 

Balantidiasis – A single-cell parasite, Balatidium coli, generally infects pigs but is known to cause infections in the intestines of humans as well. The parasite spreads through drinking contaminated water or through direct contact with pigs.

Coccidiosis – Found throughout the world, Coccidia enters humans through the fecal-oral route and affects the intestines. 

Amoebiasis – More prevalent in the tropics and places with high population density combined with poor sanitation and hygiene, Amoebiasis affects the intestines. It is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica that enters through the fecal-oral route.

Cystosporiasis – Prevalent all over the world, this disease is caused by Cystoisospora belli that enters humans through the fecal-oral route. Affecting the epithelial cells of the small intestine, this disease is preventable and curable.

Leishmaniasis – Transmitted by parasites of the Leishmania family, which use certain types of sandflies as vectors, this disease can be fatal. It affects the viscera, skin, and/or the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and nose.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) – A fatal disease caused by breathing contaminated soil and water, it affects the brain and nervous system of the host. Fatality can occur within one to eighteen days of infection. The parasite responsible for this disease is Naegleria fowleri, a free-living ameba. 

Malaria – Caused by different types of plasmodium that are transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, this disease is highly prevalent in the tropical regions. 

Toxoplasmosis – Infection occurs through contact with contaminated cat feces and from ingesting raw or undercooked goat, lamb, pork or milk. Occurring all over the world, this disease affects the eyes, brain, heart, and liver.

Trichomoniasis – Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite that is found in both males and females. However, while generally there are no symptoms in males, it affects the urogenital tract in females.

Diseases caused by Helminths

Anisakiasis – This health condition can be attributed to the worms that encroach into the stomach walls or intestines. The worms can be transferred via undercooked and fresh fish and/or squid. 

Roundworm: Ascariasis is an infection caused by roundworms and does not reveal any symptoms. However, the signs and symptoms of this infection can be noticed in the fecal remains of the infected person. The contamination usually incurs via the consumption of contaminated drinks or food. 

Raccoon roundworm: The disease Baylisascaris can be contacted through raccoon stools. Baylisascaris can impact the lungs, liver, brain, and intestines. Because of this reason, people in North America, usually refrain from keeping raccoons as a pet. 

Clonorchiasis: Clonorchiasis or Chinese liver fluke, is passed on to humans when they ingest poorly processed, preserved, or raw freshwater fish.

Guinea worm

Guinea worms affect subcutaneous muscles and tissues to cause ulcers and blisters. It is possible to see the worms in these blisters. Once the worms are removed or shed, they penetrate the soil or get into water bodies to be passed on from there. 

Hookworms

Intestinal diseases can be caused by hookworms. These parasites lay eggs in the soil and their larvae can infect humans by entering through the top layers of their skin. A rash or itches are the early symptoms of the disease caused by hookworms. These worms are commonly found in dark and damp places having poor sanitation. 

Hymenolepiasis

Human beings can also get infected by consuming food items contaminated by cockroaches, mealworms, rodents, and flour beetles.

Echinococcosis tapeworm

Cystic echinococcosis causes painful cysts. Alveolar echinococcosis can be sourced to the lungs or liver and is the reason behind the tremors occurring in the liver. Humans are usually affected when they eat contaminated food containing the feces of infected animals, or when they contact the worm directly. 

Enterobiasis pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis can be categorized as a tapeworm or pinworm and resides in the rectum and colon of humans. This worm is known to lay eggs in the anal area of its hosts while they are asleep. The main sign of infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis is itching. This itching can spread via the oral-fecal route.

Way Forward

These are just a few of the many diseases that are attributed to parasites. If you’re grappling with any of the above or other signs and symptoms of parasitic infection then it’s recommended that you show yourself to a doctor or nutritionist to avoid any complications later on.

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