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AIOU Solved Assignment MA code 671 Spring 2020 Assignment 2 Course:Educational Psychology (671) M.A Special education Spring 2020. AIOU past papers
AIOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENT No: 2 Educational Psychology (671) M.A Special education Code 671 Spring, 2020
AIOU Solved Assignment 1 & 2 Code 671 Spring 2020
At the least, the possibility of physical difference as a fact of longevity requires those who adopt a medical model of disability to consider shadings and degrees of difference in their construction. An either/or paradigm in which one is normal or disabled is inadequate to conceptualise the diversity of ability within the greater population, and across the individual life course. Between “deaf” and “hearing” is a range of potential limitations; between “blind” and “normally sighted” is a spectrum of perception. Some loss may be inherent in the life course—presbyopia, for example—some are not. Persons with strabismus, an inherited neuromuscular disorder, often lose acuity in one eye during early childhood. Even those with sight in both eyes often will not develop binocular vision, and thus are without normal depth perception. And yet, persons with strabismus are rarely labelled as “disabled”. Thus the mere fact of a clinically measurable physical limit is insufficient to permit a distinction based solely on that fact. Certainly, as I argue later, the mere fact of an inherited condition is insufficient in itself to permit an informed and ethical endorsement of eugenic planning. check also: aiou
AIOU Solved Assignment 2 Code 671 Spring 2020
Q.2 Code 671 Spring What is heredity? How heredity plays role in disability, can we control and take measures to control heredity disorders. Support your discussion with examples. (4+8+4+4) Man’s behavior is influenced by two forces: heredity and environment. The biological or psychological characteristics which are transmitted by the parents to their offspring are known by the name of heredity. Heredity is a biological process of transmission of certain traits of behavior of the parents to their children by means of the fertilized egg. Hereditary traits are innate, they are present at birth. The human individual is the progeny of two parent cells that come together when a male sperm fertilizes a female egg. In the nuclei of these parent cells are certain hair like substances called chromosomes. The chromosomes contain chemical substances called gene. These basic substances chromosomes and genes determine characteristics of the individual.
AIOU Solved Assignment Code 671 Spring 2020
The essential characteristics inherited by all human beings are physical structure, reflexes, innate drives, intelligence and temperament. There are some scholars who explain that the variations of human beings and the societies are due to differences in environment. A debate has been going on about the relative importance of hereditary and environment in determining the behavior of individuals and groups.
AIOU Solved Assignment 1 & 2 Code 671 Spring 2020
Developments in molecular genetics An expert assessment of striking recent developments in molecular genetics and their implications for medical practice, at present and in the immediate future. Adopting a public health approach, the report aims to help medical decision-makers and practitioners understand both the technical basis of progress and its potential to revolutionize the management of numerous diseases. Advances in the prevention and treatment of classical genetic disorders are considered together with newer opportunities opened by knowledge that many common disorders, including coronary heart disease and certain cancers, have a genetic component. check also: aiou tutor Throughout the report, a special effort is made to help planners, in developing and developed countries alike, reap the full public health benefits of technologies that are becoming increasingly powerful, simple, and inexpensive to use. Information ranges from a discussion of the state-of-the-art in gene therapy, through a tabular summary of treatment results for specific congenital anomalies, to advice on ways to integrate simple genetic approaches into everyday medical practice. Relevant ethical, social, and legal issues are also critically assessed in an effort to provide comprehensive guidance.
AIOU Solved Assignment Code 671 Spring 2020
Natural trajectory of human genome research The natural trajectory of human genome research is toward the identification of genes, genes that control normal biological functions and genes that create genetic disease or interact with other genes to precipitate hereditary disorders. Genes are being localized far more rapidly than treatments are being developed for the afflictions they cause, and the human genome project will accelerate this trend. The acquisition of genetic knowledge is, in short, outpacing the accumulation of therapeutic power — a condition that poses special difficulties for genetic knowing. Our expectation is that the characterization of a disease- instigating gene will greatly assist our understanding of how and why it causes a malfunction in the body. It makes good sense to go to the root of the problem. But to learn a gene’s secret, first you must find it. And finding it is not so simple.
AIOU Solved Assignments Code 671 Spring 2020
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Now Get AIOU Solved Assignment 2 Code 671 Spring 2020 Free AIOU Solved Assignment MA code 671 Spring 2020 Assignment 2 Course:Educational Psychology (671) M.A Special education
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4 Paths to Better Content Management and Strategy [New Research]
I’ve been in the content marketing space long enough to be familiar with the saying, “If you create all this great content and yet no one sees it, what’s the point?”
This simple question helps those starting in content marketing stay focused on the big picture.
Today, though, that saying should go something like this:
If you create all this great content and yet you’re not putting it in front of the right person at the right time on the right platform on the right device in the right format in the right language, what’s the point?
(I could make the question longer, but I’ll just leave it there for now.)
Delivering content in such a personalized, context-dependent way requires a strategic content management approach and a sophisticated tech platform most likely fueled by artificial intelligence.
In other words, it requires systems and repeatable processes for creating and managing content in a way that can scale.
Yet 72% of respondents to our 2018 Content Management & Strategy Survey say their organization is challenged with managing their content strategically.
72% of #content pros say they’re challenged with managing #content strategically via @CMIContent. #research Click To Tweet
And only 12% say they’re extremely/very successful at managing content. The fact that 85% say they’re moderately or minimally successful shows how much work needs to be done.
The content management struggle is real
It’s not hard to see why marketers grapple with content management. The explosion of AI and other technologies is astounding. As Robert Rose said at this year’s Intelligent Content Conference, “Technology is outpacing our ability to comprehend what we can do with it.”
Technology is outpacing our ability to comprehend what we can do with it, says @robert_rose. #intelcontent Click To Tweet
If you’re struggling to manage content in a responsive, automated, scalable way, you’re hardly alone. And the findings from this year’s study, sponsored by Contentful and Publicis.Sapient, provide some clues about where to focus your efforts.
1. Build teams that understand content strategy
The surveyed marketers say their organization’s top strategic content management challenges in 2018 include:
Enough staff skilled in content strategy (61%)
Content production workflow (47%)
Lack of budget (44%)
Top challenge for #content management pros: Finding staff skilled in #contentstrategy. @CMIContent #research Click To Tweet
Not surprisingly, how to build a scalable content strategy is one of the top educational needs:
If you’re working to build the right team, try the ideas in these articles:
Building Your Content Marketing Team? 14 Skills for New, Growing, and Mature Programs
Easy-to-Apply Framework to Build Your (New or Mature) Content Marketing Team
New Tech Friends on the Marketing Block
2. Find your way with automation
While there are terrific examples of companies ahead of the curve, many are in the novice and intermediate stages of proficiency at using automation to strategically manage content. Only 20% describe their company as expert or advanced.
Click to enlarge
If you’re looking for ways to become more adept at content management, explore these articles:
Scale Your B2B Content With Artificial Intelligence: Ideas and Tools Marketers Can Try
How to Set Your Content Free for a Mobile, Voice, Ready-for-Anything Future
3 Steps to Manage Your Content Library Like a Librarian
3. Identify the right technology – and use it to full advantage
Fifty-one percent of respondents say their companies have not acquired the right technology to manage content across the organization. Another 35% have the technology but aren’t using it to its potential. Only 14% are confident about the technology in place and how it’s being used.
51% of content pros say they lack the tech to manage #content across the enterprise via @CMIContent. #research Click To Tweet
If you’re seeking guidance on selecting and implementing technology, these resources may help:
Content Tech Overload? 3 Questions to Ask Before You Buy
What to Consider When It’s Time for New Marketing Technology
7 Ways Technology Can Make You a Smarter Content Marketer
4. Treat content as a business asset
As we found in the 2017 survey, most organizations (93%) view content as a business asset – an asset or process where there is direct investment and increasing value over time.
The caveat is the degree to which they view it as such. While 42% say “to a strong degree,” another 51% say “somewhat.”
Given this finding, it makes sense that only 43% of respondents have a documented strategy for managing content as a business asset.
What does it mean to manage content as a business asset? Michele Linn likens it to the holistic process organizations create to manage their products. “Product managers address multiple stages including planning, creation, launch, updates, and retirement,” she writes. “Content professionals need to do this as well.”
HANDPICKED RELATED CONTENT:
Marketers: 14 Opportunities to Make Your Content Efforts More Scalable
10 Content Strategy Practices That Will Make You a Better Marketer
Prepare for a rapidly changing future
Would companies become more successful with managing content if they:
Hired more staff skilled in content strategy?
Automated more content management processes?
Developed better internal processes for teams to evaluate, implement/integrate, and maximize use of the (right) technologies?
Documented a strategy for managing content as an asset?
These are certainly good building blocks; however, more work needs to be done. Marketers must build more agile processes and teams because the way audiences discover and consume content is changing dramatically.
Forget about engaging with content – we are moving rapidly into a world where it will be nearly impossible for people to discover your content unless your team is deliberate in how it makes that happen. Lay the groundwork now by investing in the right talent, processes, and technologies to ensure that your content will perform in the future.
Want to learn more about how your peers manage their content? Read the report, 2018 Content Management & Strategy Survey.
Content Management and Strategy Survey 2018 from Content Marketing Institute
Special thanks to Kim Moutsos, CMI’s VP of editorial, for her assistance with this article.
Want to go more in depth into content strategy and management? Get video-on-demand access to the 2018 Intelligent Content Conference.
Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute
from http://bit.ly/2L3YDwb
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Text
4 Paths to Better Content Management and Strategy [New Research]
I’ve been in the content marketing space long enough to be familiar with the saying, “If you create all this great content and yet no one sees it, what’s the point?”
This simple question helps those starting in content marketing stay focused on the big picture.
Today, though, that saying should go something like this:
If you create all this great content and yet you’re not putting it in front of the right person at the right time on the right platform on the right device in the right format in the right language, what’s the point?
(I could make the question longer, but I’ll just leave it there for now.)
Delivering content in such a personalized, context-dependent way requires a strategic content management approach and a sophisticated tech platform most likely fueled by artificial intelligence.
In other words, it requires systems and repeatable processes for creating and managing content in a way that can scale.
Yet 72% of respondents to our 2018 Content Management & Strategy Survey say their organization is challenged with managing their content strategically.
72% of #content pros say they’re challenged with managing #content strategically via @CMIContent. #research Click To Tweet
And only 12% say they’re extremely/very successful at managing content. The fact that 85% say they’re moderately or minimally successful shows how much work needs to be done.
The content management struggle is real
It’s not hard to see why marketers grapple with content management. The explosion of AI and other technologies is astounding. As Robert Rose said at this year’s Intelligent Content Conference, “Technology is outpacing our ability to comprehend what we can do with it.”
Technology is outpacing our ability to comprehend what we can do with it, says @robert_rose. #intelcontent Click To Tweet
If you’re struggling to manage content in a responsive, automated, scalable way, you’re hardly alone. And the findings from this year’s study, sponsored by Contentful and Publicis.Sapient, provide some clues about where to focus your efforts.
1. Build teams that understand content strategy
The surveyed marketers say their organization’s top strategic content management challenges in 2018 include:
Enough staff skilled in content strategy (61%)
Content production workflow (47%)
Lack of budget (44%)
Top challenge for #content management pros: Finding staff skilled in #contentstrategy. @CMIContent #research Click To Tweet
Not surprisingly, how to build a scalable content strategy is one of the top educational needs:
If you’re working to build the right team, try the ideas in these articles:
Building Your Content Marketing Team? 14 Skills for New, Growing, and Mature Programs
Easy-to-Apply Framework to Build Your (New or Mature) Content Marketing Team
New Tech Friends on the Marketing Block
2. Find your way with automation
While there are terrific examples of companies ahead of the curve, many are in the novice and intermediate stages of proficiency at using automation to strategically manage content. Only 20% describe their company as expert or advanced.
Click to enlarge
If you’re looking for ways to become more adept at content management, explore these articles:
Scale Your B2B Content With Artificial Intelligence: Ideas and Tools Marketers Can Try
How to Set Your Content Free for a Mobile, Voice, Ready-for-Anything Future
3 Steps to Manage Your Content Library Like a Librarian
3. Identify the right technology – and use it to full advantage
Fifty-one percent of respondents say their companies have not acquired the right technology to manage content across the organization. Another 35% have the technology but aren’t using it to its potential. Only 14% are confident about the technology in place and how it’s being used.
51% of content pros say they lack the tech to manage #content across the enterprise via @CMIContent. #research Click To Tweet
If you’re seeking guidance on selecting and implementing technology, these resources may help:
Content Tech Overload? 3 Questions to Ask Before You Buy
What to Consider When It’s Time for New Marketing Technology
7 Ways Technology Can Make You a Smarter Content Marketer
4. Treat content as a business asset
As we found in the 2017 survey, most organizations (93%) view content as a business asset – an asset or process where there is direct investment and increasing value over time.
The caveat is the degree to which they view it as such. While 42% say “to a strong degree,” another 51% say “somewhat.”
Given this finding, it makes sense that only 43% of respondents have a documented strategy for managing content as a business asset.
What does it mean to manage content as a business asset? Michele Linn likens it to the holistic process organizations create to manage their products. “Product managers address multiple stages including planning, creation, launch, updates, and retirement,” she writes. “Content professionals need to do this as well.”
HANDPICKED RELATED CONTENT:
Marketers: 14 Opportunities to Make Your Content Efforts More Scalable
10 Content Strategy Practices That Will Make You a Better Marketer
Prepare for a rapidly changing future
Would companies become more successful with managing content if they:
Hired more staff skilled in content strategy?
Automated more content management processes?
Developed better internal processes for teams to evaluate, implement/integrate, and maximize use of the (right) technologies?
Documented a strategy for managing content as an asset?
These are certainly good building blocks; however, more work needs to be done. Marketers must build more agile processes and teams because the way audiences discover and consume content is changing dramatically.
Forget about engaging with content – we are moving rapidly into a world where it will be nearly impossible for people to discover your content unless your team is deliberate in how it makes that happen. Lay the groundwork now by investing in the right talent, processes, and technologies to ensure that your content will perform in the future.
Want to learn more about how your peers manage their content? Read the report, 2018 Content Management & Strategy Survey.
Content Management and Strategy Survey 2018 from Content Marketing Institute
Special thanks to Kim Moutsos, CMI’s VP of editorial, for her assistance with this article.
Want to go more in depth into content strategy and management? Get video-on-demand access to the 2018 Intelligent Content Conference.
Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute
The post 4 Paths to Better Content Management and Strategy [New Research] appeared first on Content Marketing Institute.
from https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2018/05/research-content-management-strategy/
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Microsoft Bets on Artificial Intelligence to Help It Succeed Again in Travel
Microsoft's Cortana voice assistant lets users search the web for answers via voice. A new Harman Karman device is expected to bring Cortana into more homes soon. Microsoft
Skift Take: Microsoft thinks that voice-powered internet gives it a shot — via voice assistant Cortana — at upending today's travel search funnel, which is dominated by Google's search results. The theory's plausible, but Microsoft needs to move faster to win.
— Sean O'Neill
With the exception of helping create Expedia, Microsoft has struggled to figure out travel. But it is hoping that artificial intelligence (AI) will be its route finally to leapfrog ahead of Google and Oracle, playing a larger role as middleman.
The example illustrates the company’s current approach to the travel sector. The technology giant appears to be more interested in building “middleware services” that sit between customers and travel companies.
The company has a mixed past record of engaging with consumers on its own. For example, in 2008, it bought an airfare prediction website called Farecast for $115 million and integrated it with its flight search results on its Bing search engine. But that project, along with the MSN Travel mobile app, didn’t gain traction with consumers.
The company’s focus now is on the new AI and cognitive computing layers that it predicts are going to disrupt travel. By 2018 half of all consumers will interact with cognitive computing, thanks in part to the spread of AI-powered platforms like Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri, and — of course — Microsoft’s Cortana.
Microsoft says 145 million people use Cortana at least once a month. But that definition of “use” is fairly light, and the voice assistant is not yet ingrained in the habits of consumers enough to be a go-to when it comes to, say, travel search.
Stuart Greif, senior executive, Travel/Hospitality, QSR, and Transportation Industry Solutions at Microsoft, has been out on the industry circuit, sharing the company’s predictions about where travel technology is headed. Most recently Greif spoke last week at a conference in San Francisco run by venture capital firm Thayer Ventures, where Skift saw his presentation first-hand.
Greif says, “We’re not looking to build the next great travel platform. Our message to the travel industry is that we want to partner on delivering solutions.”
It has targeted several sectors of the industry, but its chances seem better in some than in others.
Voice-enabled internet changes the travel search game
Mobile apps may be replaced by voice-activated internet, Greif says. “We think the app world is going to go away. People can debate that, but why do you need to go in and out of a dozen different travel apps by touch if you run nearly everything on your device by voice command?”
Greif argues “bots are really the new apps…. Let’s say you often book hotels for business travel You don’t want to have to re-enter your information at every new hotel site or travel agency you use….”
“Our view is, I’m going to have a bot on a system like Skype or Cortana or Alexa or Siri, and Marriott is going to have its own bot, and Marriott is going basically ask me, would you like to check in? And my bot’s going say, ‘Hey is it okay to provide these details?’ My bot is going to say, ‘Yes Cortana, please give the information.”
Greif says the rise of voice-activated search may upend the direct booking wars between suppliers and third-parties.
“When you search for travel queries on a voice-powered platform, who owns that search?” asks Greif. “Is it Google? Is it Siri, Alexa? Is it Cortana? If artificial intelligence can look across the entire spectrum of everything that’s available and choose what to bring it back as relevant, whose is it bringing back? Is it bringing back brand.com? Is it bringing back the OTAs?
Greif conceded he didn’t have answers to the tantalizing questions he raised. And while the company’s Cortana is often seen as superior technologically to voice assistants from Google, Apple, and Amazon, there is a marketing and commercialization effort that needs to go along with the technological work to enable Microsoft to become a vital part of travel distribution.
As of today, Cortana doesn’t known many travel-specific commands.
What’s more, if it chooses to compete in the battle to funnel travelers to booking options, it needs to catch up to rivals by rapidly developing more third-party speakers that support Cortana. It’s prevalence via the Windows platform has not, so far, seemed like enough. Otherwise, Google, Apple, and Amazon may outpace it in having physical platforms distributed worldwide, making the questions Greif poses about who owns search moot.
A year ago Microsoft invited travel companies to build bots on its Skype messaging service, to enable the brands to automate many parts of their customer interactions. But brands like Kayak, Expedia, Hipmunk, and Cheap Flights, have ignored it, focusing instead on Facebook Messenger’s platform.
It’s not hard to wonder if a similar fate awaits Cortana unless Microsoft adjusts its ground game in travel.
What AI means for travel enterprise software
Microsoft translator can translate speech across nine languages in real time in sixty languages, via text input. But it is still some years off from real-time translation happens via speech.
Speech recognition could, in theory, someday replace airline gate agents and hotel front desk clerks, by capturing and processing requests, reducing error rates. As of today, the speech recognition is possible, but not the ability to send commands into travel company systems, Greif says.
Visual recognition could, in theory, replace airline agents who need to match faces with photo identification for, say, allowing a bag to be checked in for a flight. Already Microsoft says its computers are better at matching faces than humans are, on average.
Playing the long game
How long does Greif think it takes for AI to be able to actually have the business logic down that’s required for people to do things like search and book an itinerary that might be complicated?
“I think the search part is the easy part,” he says. “It’s all the back-end integrations and business decision-making that’s gonna take awhile.
As an example, an unnamed “large hotel chain” recently gave Microsoft links to five different frequently asked questions as part of a project to create a demonstration of how an automated, chat-based customer service interface might work.
It only took Microsoft’s developers and machines 10 minutes to read the content and come up with an interface that could provide those answers to a wide away of question phrasings.
But Greif says “bookings are more complicated.” He believes the industry will start putting these solutions into production within about five years’ time.
Despite Microsoft’s ambitions with Cortana, it has less experience in the quirks of travel marketing and distribution of its competitor Google.
It seems more likely to gain market share by providing truly business-to-business enterprise services to hotels for operations. Last year Microsoft began demonstrating its concept of the connected hotel that used next-generation guest experience management system iRiS and next-generation “hotel operating system” that acts as “middleware” for interpreting data in operations and finance.
Greif says the key issue for hotels is aligning all the systems in a guest room and the back office so that they are all participating in real-time. Right now the systems aren’t connected to know when water pressure is not working or the TV is not working and so the company can’t get ahead of customer complaints with predictive maintenance.
But the company’s active demonstrations with travel suppliers suggest that it poses a significant competitive threat to today’s largest hospitality tech providers, such as Oracle, and airline providers, such as Amadeus in partnership with Accenture.
Artificial intelligence is an authentic game-changer
Whether Microsoft is a victor or not in the AI race, Greif seems persuasive on his larger point that the arrival of high-powered computing in the cloud, more sophisticated computer algorithms, and the popularization of mobile, internet-connected devices is finally ushering in the AI era.
Platforms that can support AI are truly being popularized now, which means that hotels, airports, and airlines are increasingly powered by artificial intelligence. So there is some merit to the buzz.
The platforms are getting better at recognizing spoken queries and at helping to categorize various types of knowledge so as to deliver relevant and intelligent responses within particular areas of focus for a specific task or sets of tasks.
For example, in speech recognition, Microsoft had a historic achievement last year. It achieved parity in speech recognition accuracy with humans. That doesn’t mean its computers hear perfectly, but it hears just as well as humans do.
That said, the hype machine is on overdrive, Greif concedes. He notes that a few years ago every startup pitch described itself as a data analytics company, and “today every startup claims to be in AI.”
In the meantime, Microsoft is claiming it has a new company culture that will enable it to adapt to the new, fast-changing circumstances. Greif says, “It’s a whole new Microsoft. It’s a much more open company now. I get to keep my iPhone, and that’s always nice.”
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