#Plastic Compounding Industry

[me-amaraja]

[poojascmi]

Global Purging Compound Market Is Estimated To Witness High Growth Owing To Increasing Demand In Automotive and Packaging Industries

The global Purging Compound Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 450.7 million in 2017 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.4% over the forecast period 2017-2022, as highlighted in a new report published by Coherent Market Insights. A) Market Overview: Purging compounds are used in the plastic processing industry to clean the extruder, molds, and other equipment during color changes, resin changes, and material switches. They help reduce downtime, increase productivity, and improve efficiency in the manufacturing process. The demand for purging compounds is driven by the increasing adoption of these compounds in industries such as automotive and packaging, where efficient production processes are crucial. B) Market Key Trends: One key trend in the purging compound market is the increasing demand in the automotive industry. The automotive industry requires frequent color changes and material switches during production, which can lead to significant downtime. Purging compounds help reduce this downtime by effectively cleaning the equipment and ensuring a smooth transition between colors or materials. For example, Asahi Kasei Corporation, one of the key players in the market, offers a range of purging compounds specifically designed for the automotive industry. C) PEST Analysis: - Political: The political environment can have an impact on the regulations and policies related to plastic processing and manufacturing. For example, governments may implement regulations to promote sustainable practices and reduce plastic waste. - Economic: The economic factors such as GDP growth, disposable income, and consumer spending can influence the demand for products and packaging, which in turn affects the demand for purging compounds. - Social: Changing consumer preferences towards sustainable and eco-friendly products can drive the demand for purging compounds that are environmentally friendly. - Technological: Advancements in technology can lead to the development of more efficient and effective purging compounds, enhancing the overall performance and productivity in the plastic processing industry. D) Key Takeaways: - The Global Purging Compound Market Demand is expected to witness high growth, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.4% over the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing demand in industries such as automotive and packaging. - In terms of regional analysis, Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing and dominating region in the purging compound market. The region's rapid industrialization, particularly in countries like China and India, coupled with increasing investments in automotive and packaging sectors, is driving the demand for purging compounds. - Key players operating in the global purging compound market include Asahi Kasei Corporation, Clariant A.G., CALSAK Corporation, Daicel Corporation, DowDuPont Inc., Formosa Plastics Corporation, Kuraray Co., Ltd., Chem-Trend L.P., Polyplast Muller GmbH, and Claude Bamberger Molding Compounds Corporation. These companies focus on product development and innovation to strengthen their market position and cater to the evolving needs of their customers. In conclusion, the global purging compound market is witnessing significant growth, primarily driven by the automotive and packaging industries. Advancements in technology and increasing demand for sustainable solutions are expected to further drive market growth in the coming years. Key players in the market play a crucial role in providing innovative purging compound solutions to meet the industry's requirements.

[niche-pastiche]

One thing I can never stop thinking about with Jason Todd and his autopsy scars is... what happened to the viscera bag? kay, so for people who are less familiar with the deathcare industry, a viscera bag is kind of exactly what it sounds like. When a person gets autopsied by the coroner or medical examiner, they take all the organs out through the Y incision right? Well, they don't keep the organs. They put them all back in a big red plastic bag and put that bag inside the body and then stitch things up with temporary sutures. Once the body gets to the funeral home, they'll embalm all the organs and the rest of the body, but then the embalmed organs go back in the body cavity and depending on what technique the embalmer likes to use sometimes they also go back inside the viscera bag. (Alternately, they get layered in with a variety of compounds kind of like a weird lasagna. But that's less interesting storywise in this situation and honestly I think the bag method is more common.) Anyway, I can't stop imagining Jason, fresh out of the pit, off to the side hacking and coughing up a bloody red plastic bag.

[dandylovesturtles]

I should be in bed lol but I wanted to write a turtle tot sick fic so here

I went into this with no plan and it ended up uh. way sadder than I intended. whoops.

cw: mentions of vomit

...

Blue slept through naptime. That should have been Splinter's first clue.

In the moment, he'd just been so happy to actually have four sleeping children that he'd taken the opportunity for his own nap, the old, tattered storybook he'd been reading them draped over his face. He never managed to get Blue to wind down enough to sleep, so he usually had to quietly entertain him with books or the tv on low until the others woke up. But his Baby Blue had conked out almost immediately today, and soon Splinter was snoozing right along with them.

Blue was also the last to wake up. That should have been the second clue.

Splinter was woken up by Orange, talking in loud, disjointed sentences with plenty of nonsense words as he played with an old plastic telephone Splinter had found them. Red was racing his toy cars, making his own sound effects as they skid across the floor and crashed into the wall. Only Purple was quiet, industriously sorting his legos by color and size.

Splinter sat up, letting the book slide off his face, and took stock. It was surprising to see Blue still curled up against his leg even in the midst of all the racket his brothers were making. "Blue?" he said softly, giving the little turtle a nudge. Blue blinked his eyes open, groggily looking around. "Naptime is over."

Blue pushed himself up into a sitting position, then rubbed clumsily at his eyes. He looked so tired still that Splinter debated telling him he could keep sleeping, even if it might make putting him to bed later more difficult.

But once Blue was up, he saw Red racing his cars and pushed quickly to his feet, hurrying over to join in the game. Almost immediately he was demanding Red hand over one of the cars and setting up an elaborate make-believe track for their race, so Splinter let it go.

Thirty minutes later, Blue tugged on Splinter's old sweatpants and said, "Daddy, my tummy hurts." In hindsight, this is exactly when Splinter should have put it together.

But the kids rarely got sick - a benefit of whatever Draxum had put in the gunk that turned them into this, Splinter assumed. Which was a blessing, because he was pretty limited in what medicine he could get in his condition. The boys having a hearty immune system was one of the few things Splinter had going for him.

So he hadn't moved to that conclusion. Instead he said, "Do you need to go potty?" and Blue had considered that very seriously for a few seconds before nodding and rushing off to the bathroom.

Orange threw the plastic phone into Purple's meticulously organized lego piles and Splinter moved on to the next crisis without another thought.

It was at dinner, when he caught Blue pushing his food (mac'n'cheese!) around without interest, that it finally clicked that maybe he should be worried.

"Blue, what's wrong?"

Blue didn't so much as look up. He shrugged, swirling his noodles around and around.

Splinter would be embarrassed to admit how long it took him to remember their earlier conversation, but it eventually came back to him. "Ah... Is your stomach still hurting?"

Blue's face scrunched up in misery, and he nodded.

Splinter groaned in exasperation. "Why didn't you tell me?"

"I did!"

"I mean after you went potty."

Blue grimaced. Instead of answering, he scooped up some mac'n'cheese and stuffed it in his mouth. He looked like he regretted it as soon as he'd done it.

"Do not spit that out," said Splinter immediately, because mac'n'cheese was one of the few things Purple would eat and if Blue spat it out in front of him it would go on his Bad Foods list for at least a month. And Orange had a habit of mimicking anything Blue did, which would only compound the problem.

Blue chewed and swallowed the mouthful agonizingly slowly. He looked so miserable afterward that Splinter felt bad about it.

"Are you going to throw up, Blue?" he asked, and got a furious head shake in response. "Are you just telling me that?" Another shake. "Do you want to keep eating?" A third shake. Splinter sighed and took his bowl from him. "Alright. I'll put this in the fridge, if you want it later."

Their mini-fridge was already stuffed full, but Splinter would simply have to make space, or throw all this mac'n'cheese out. He wished they had a bigger fridge, but just getting this back to the juncture in the sewers he called a home had been difficult enough.

He wished he had a bigger fridge. He wished he had a house. He wished he had a pediatrician to take Blue to. He wished he wasn't a rat man. He wished he and his kids were... normal.

It was a bad thought. He knew that as soon as he thought it, and he tried to push it down. The kids didn't need to know they weren't normal. That none of this was normal. He knew that, but...

"Throw up?" he heard Purple say, and then the telltale sound of him pushing his bowl away. Mac'n'cheese was on the Bad Foods list. Splinter groaned.

...

He found their old thermometer after the boys were finished eating. Getting a temperature from Blue was near impossible because he moved it around too much or spat it out before time was up, but Splinter would have to do his best.

After three tries, he got a reading that seemed accurate enough. Blue's body ran colder than a human child's, and it had taken observation and trial and error for Splinter to learn what constituted as a fever. As it was, Blue was only two degrees above his normal. So at least that wasn't too worrying.

He was still complaining that his stomach hurt, though. A stomach bug, then? Or just something he ate? Usually Red was the one who would put random things in his mouth unless Splinter kept a careful watch, but Blue and Orange were... adventurous eaters, too. It was possible.

They continued with their normal bedtime routine. Another thing Splinter had going for him was that his boys loved baths; getting them into their makeshift tub, even with lukewarm water, was always easy. From his research, Red, Blue, and Purple were all aquatic turtles, and Orange was not one to be left out of his brothers’ games no matter his biology.

Blue wasn't excited for bath time tonight, though. He sat quietly in the tub, making grumpy noises anytime he got splashed and playing only with his favorite blue shark toy, ignoring everything else. He definitely felt bad. Splinter was feeling increasingly terrible that he hadn't noticed.

He got them all toweled off and into their pajamas. Then into the pallet beds he had for them, all in one big shared alcove, a tattered curtain strung up for a semblance of privacy. They would need something more as they got older, but for now the boys seemed content to share space.

He tucked Red, Purple, and Orange in, then turned his attention to Blue. He had found an old bucket earlier that he (theoretically) used for mopping, and this he presented to Blue.

"If you are going to throw up, please do it in this," he told Blue. "We don't have any spare sheets."

"Not gonna," said Blue grumpily, pushing the bucket away.

"Ewww," whined Purple. "I don't want to share with Leo if he throws up."

"Not gonna!" Blue insisted, glaring at Purple, who glared back. Splinter sighed and pushed the bucket at Blue again.

"I am serious, Leonardo," he said, and that got Blue's attention. "If you throw up, do it in this bucket."

Instead of answering, Blue rolled over and scrunched himself up in a ball. That was the best Splinter was going to get, he supposed, so he just sighed and put the bucket next to Blue's bed.

"Good night, boys," he said as he got to his feet, ignoring the crackles from his back and knees.

"Good niiiight," came three echoes. Blue was giving him the silent treatment. Alright.

He went back to his own bed, sectioned off by an old divider screen he'd managed to find. Hopefully they could at least get through the night without disaster striking.

...

According to his beat up alarm clock, it was only two hours later when Red showed up by his bedside, shaking him awake urgently.

Splinter groaned his way into consciousness, blinking groggy eyes until his eldest son came into focus.

"Leo threw up," came Red's predictable report.

Splinter sighed, pushing his sheets aside and rising from his futon. "Did he make it in the bucket?"

Red's expression was not encouraging.

...

He had not made it in the bucket.

Blue sat stock still in the puddle of his own sick, eyes teary and expression a mix between stunned and embarrassed. Purple was pressed as close to the opposite wall as he could get, hands pressed tight over his nose and mouth. Orange was at Blue's side, patting his arm with his chubby little hand.

"Blue," Splinter snapped as soon as he saw the mess. "Why didn't you throw up in the bucket!?"

"Didn't think I was gonna," Blue croaked.

"Well, you did. All over your sheets." Splinter ran his hands over his tired eyes. "Now you have nothing for tonight. And who knows if I'll even be able to get the stain out. I may have to go all the way to the surface to get new ones, and do you know what a hassle that is!? The bucket was right here, Blue!"

"I'm sorry."

The miserable hiccup in Blue's voice effectively stopped Splinter's tirade, and he refocused on his son. Blue's tears had spilled over, streaking down his miserable face. He was shivering, hands clutching the fabric of his ruined sheets, wringing them tight. He looked terrified.

"I'm sorry, Daddy," he repeated. "I'm sorry. I'm sorry."

Something inside Splinter cracked.

Leo was only four, by his best guess. He was a baby, still. A sick baby, and Splinter was yelling at him about... about bed sheets?

Blue didn't know that Splinter would have to steal him new sheets. He didn't know that Splinter feared every time he did something so risky, that it might expose their tiny family to hostile forces - the human authorities, Big Mama's goons, Draxum's gargoyles. He didn't know that Splinter should be taking him to a doctor right now. He didn't know that sleeping on a pallet bed in the sewers wasn't normal.

He just knew that he had thrown up, and his dad was mad about it.

Immediately, Splinter stooped and scooped the still-apologizing Blue into his arms. He was getting bigger all the time, and, somehow, Splinter was getting smaller, but he could still hold his boys in his arms, still cradle them against his chest.

"Blue... Leo, listen to me."

"I'm sorry," Blue mumbled again, followed by a sad, wet hiccup.

"Shh, shh, no, my son, please listen." He waited until teary eyes were turned on him to continue. "You don't need to apologize. You did nothing wrong."

"Missed the bucket," said Blue, and Splinter shook his head.

"That's alright. You're sick. It is my job to take care of these things." He scratched at the back of Blue's shell with the arm holding him, something he knew always calmed Blue down. Sure enough, he felt his boy begin to relax. "Do not worry about the sheets. If Daddy needs to get more, he will. For now we will all share."

Blue sniffed, and buried his face in Splinter's chest. That was a good sign. Splinter kept up the scraching.

"I'm sorry I yelled. You aren't in trouble, Blue. You're alright."

Blue sniffled again. Hiccupped one last time. His tears were drying up, and his little voice said, "S'okay, Daddy."

"Oh, my Baby Blue... Thank you."

He still felt terrible as he lowered Leo back to his bed and started to strip away the soiled sheets, but Leo had calmed down considerably. He kept the bucket close, though, even as he laid back down again on his pillow.

"Leo can have my blanket," said Red, already pulling the old thing over. Splinter smiled gratefully at him.

"Thank you, Red. Blue, do you think you will throw up again?"

Blue shrugged. "Dunno."

"That's alright. It's okay if you do." Splinter smoothed the blanket over Blue, not tucking him in so he could move if he needed to. "I'll get this sheet washed out and be back, alright?"

Blue nodded. He was still gripping the bucket with one hand. Splinter rubbed his head, then stood up with his bundle of soiled sheets.

When he returned, with water for Blue, he'd thrown up again - in the bucket, this time. Orange was still by him, rubbing his arm, while Red sat behind him, supporting his back. Even Purple had come close, awkwardly patting at Blue's leg while pointedly avoiding looking at the bucket.

"Thank you for taking such good care of Blue," he told them, getting three beaming smiles in return.

They were all going to have the bug by tomorrow. Splinter would need to find more buckets.

[solarpunkbusiness]

Mycotech: The Indonesian Startup Biofabricating novel materials from mushrooms

Called Mycotech Lab, the company was inspired by tempeh, the traditional Indonesian food made from fermented soybeans, and came up with its own technology to grow its ethical and carbon-friendly mycelium-based materials. 

Mycotech Lab decided to experiment with the fermentation process used to make tempeh to make a new fabric out of the complex root structure of mushrooms, otherwise known as mycelium. It was a lengthy trial-and-error process that kicked off in 2016, but “finally, we found one mushroom with a mycelium that can be made into binding material,” said Erlambang Ajidarma, head of research at the startup, in conversation with Reuters. 

The final product, developed with fungus grown on sawdust that then gets scraped off and dried and cut into different sizes, is Mylea, a fibrous but tough material that acts just like the real thing. It’s waterproof, pliable, durable, and most importantly, is far more sustainable than existing plastic-based synthetic leathers or carbon-intensive real leather made from hide. 

Mycotech also uses natural dye extracted from roots, leaves and food waste in the region to colour their leather alternative, which again is a process that is far less polluting than traditional tanning processes used for real cowhide that leaves behind solid and liquid waste that contains chromium and other hazardous compounds.

Since its inception, Mycotech has managed to grow its client base with no marketing budget because the demand for sustainable alternatives has grown alongside awareness of the damaging effects of animal-based materials in the fashion industry. 

We the Fungi

Bio Binderless Board | Sustainable non-adhesive binder board from Mylea™ byproduct to meet modern architectural and design standards

Biodegradable Solid-Composite | Utilizing mushroom mycelium that grows and is shaped into desired form and utilities.   

[beakers-and-telescopes]

Genetically Modified Bacteria Produce Energy From Wastewater

E. Coli is one of the most widely studied bacteria studied in academic research.  Though most people probably associate it with food/water borne illness, most strains of E. Coli are completely harmless.  They even occur naturally within your intestines.  Now, scientists at EPFL have engineered a strain of E. Coli that can generate electricity.

The survival of bacteria depends on redox reactions.  Bacteria use these reactions to interconvert chemicals in order to grow and metabolize.  Since bacteria are an inexhaustible natural resource, many bacterial reactions have been industrially implemented, both for creating or consuming chemical substrates.  For instance, you may have heard about researchers discovering bacteria that can break down and metabolize plastic, the benefits of which are obvious.  Some of these bacterial reactions are anabolic, which means that they need to be provided external energy in order to carry it out, but others are catabolic, which means that the reactions actually create energy.  

Some bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, can create electricity as they metabolize.  This could be useful to a number of green applications, such as bioelectricity generation from organic substrates, reductive extracellular synthesis of valuable products such as nanoparticles and polymers, degradation of pollutants for bioremediation, and bioelectronic sensing.  However, electricity producing bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis tend to be very specific.  They need strict conditions in order to survive, and they only produce electricity in the presence of certain chemicals.  

The method that Shewanella oneidensis uses to generate electricity is called extracellular electron transfer (EET).  This means that the cell uses a pathway of proteins and iron compounds called hemes to transfer an electron out of the cell.  Bacteria have an inner and outer cell membrane, so this pathway spans both of them, along with the periplasmic space between.  In the past, scientists have tried to engineer hardier bacteria such as E. Coli with this electron-generating ability.  It worked… a little bit.  They were only able to create a partial EET pathway, so the amount of electricity generated was fairly small.

Now, the EPFL researchers have managed to create a full pathway and triple the amount of electricity that E. Coli can produce.  "Instead of putting energy into the system to process organic waste, we are producing electricity while processing organic waste at the same time -- hitting two birds with one stone!" says Boghossian, a professor at EPFL. "We even tested our technology directly on wastewater that we collected from Les Brasseurs, a local brewery in Lausanne. The exotic electric microbes weren't even able to survive, whereas our bioengineered electric bacteria were able to flourish exponentially by feeding off this waste."

This development is still in the early stages, but it could have exciting implications both in wastewater processing and beyond.

"Our work is quite timely, as engineered bioelectric microbes are pushing the boundaries in more and more real-world applications" says Mouhib, the lead author of the manuscript. "We have set a new record compared to the previous state-of-the-art, which relied only on a partial pathway, and compared to the microbe that was used in one of the biggest papers recently published in the field. With all the current research efforts in the field, we are excited about the future of bioelectric bacteria, and can't wait for us and others to push this technology into new scales."

[probablyasocialecologist]

When plastic straws were banned, new alternative straws of paper, bamboo, and glass were advertised as more sustainable, eco-friendly, and healthy. Groffen’s team wanted to know if they hold up to the hype, but they found that the majority of them do not. With the exception of the stainless steel straws they tested, all of the brands they examined—which are commercially available in Belgium—contained chemicals that are harmful not only for the environment, but also for people. Known as PFAS, which stands for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, and dubbed forever chemicals, these compounds don’t break down under heat or sunlight and dissolve in neither water nor oil. For a few decades these PFAS were the darlings of the chemical industry, used in everything from fire-resistant cushions to water-repellant clothing and from nonstick pan coating to disposable plates. Unfortunately, what makes PFAS so durable in kitchenware and other products is also what makes it last so long in the environment. More importantly, in recent years, scientists have linked them to a gamut of damaging health effects, including thyroid disease, high cholesterol, pregnancy problems, liver damage, and several cancers. They have also been linked to adverse reproductive, developmental and immunological effects in animals. The team found PFAS to be present in 90 percent of the paper straws, 80 percent of bamboo, 75 percent of plastic, and 40 percent of glass ones.

[queering-ecology]

Chapter 7. Polluted Politics? Confronting Toxic Discourse, Sex Panic and Eco-Normativity by Giovanna Di Chiro

“Stereotypes and lies lodge in our bodies as surely as bullets. They live and fester there, stealing the body.”—Eli Clare

Queer ecology as defined by Mortimer-Sandilands (2005, 24) “both about seeing beauty in the wounds of the world and taking responsibility to care for the world as it is”. (200)

Environmental justice constructs an eco-politics that defines the environment as our communities: the places where ‘we live, work, play, and learn’ (200). Environmental justice activists embrace inhabited/built places---cities, villages, reservations, agricultural fields, workplaces, poor and low-income neighborhoods next to hazardous industrial facilities as environments worthy of recognition and protection (Di Chiro 1996)

There has been rising environmental anxiety that surrounds cultural fears of exposure to chemical and endocrine-disrupting toxins especially as it relates to the troubling and destabilizing of normal/natural gendered bodies of humans and other animal species aka the “chemical castration” or the “feminization of nature” (Cadbury 1998; Hayes 2002)--rising fears that we are “swimming in a sea of estrogen” (Raloff 1994b, 56; Sumpter and Jobling 1995 173) as a consequence of rising levels of estrogenic, synthetic chemical compounds emitted into our water, air and food known as estrogenic pollution (ova-pollution). (201)

Pop-science warning about the ‘instability of maleness’—warns that the rising incidences of male-to-female gender shifts and intersex conditions observed in the ‘lower’ species of animals, such as frogs, fish, and salamanders, represent the newest ‘canaries in the coalmine’ portending an uncertain fate for human maleness and for the future of ‘normal’ sexual reproduction (Robert 2003) (201) also anti-toxins discourse has concerns about estrogenic chemical toxins disrupting/preventing/disturbing ‘normal’ prenatal physiological development and natural reproductive processes, leading to rising cases of infertility and producing disabled, defective, and even monstrous bodies (201)…

What can develop is a “sex panic” that resuscitates familiar heterosexist, queerphobic, and eugenics arguments classifying some bodies as not normal: mistakes, perversions, burdens (I would add ‘freaks’)…under the guise of laudable goal/progressive goals, a certain type of anti-toxics environmentalism mobilizes knowledge/power of normalcy and normativity and reinforces compulsory social-environmental order based on a dominant regime of what and who are constructed as normal and natural (Davis 1995; Garland-Thompson 1997; McRuer 2006).

Disability becomes an environmental problem and lgbtq people become disabled—the unintended consequences of a contaminated and impure environment, unjustly impaired by chemical trespass. (202) The true scope of the mortality and morbidity of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) becomes distorted by alarmist focus. This fixation ends up de-emphasizing and worse--naturalizing and normalizing other serious health problems associated with POPs that are on the rise: breast, ovarian, prostate and testicular cancers, neurological and neurobehavioral problems, immune system breakdown, heart disease, diabetes and obesity (202).

There is good reason for alarm concerning the continued use and accumulation of toxic chemicals that are wreaking havoc on the health and reproductive possibilities of the living world. Our cumulative exposures to endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, neurotoxins, asthmagens, and mutagens in our normal, everyday lives from our daily contact with plastic water bottles, shampoos, and kitchen cleaners to insect repellents, food preservatives, and factory farmed meats, among others, are most certainly putting at risk the health of our own bodies and our earth. (210) But where should the critical attention lie?

The hyperfocus on the world turning into hermaphrodites participates in a sexual titillation strategy summoning the familiar ‘crimes against’ nature’ credo and inviting culturally sanctioned homophobia while at the same time sidelining and naturalizing ‘normal’ environmental diseases such as cancer (211).

--

Environmental theory and politics in the US have historically mobilized ideas of the normal, to determine which  bodies and environments/landscapes embody the distinctly American values of productive work, rugged individualism, masculinity, independence, potency, and moral virtue upon which environmental advocacy movements should be based (Haraway 1989; Cronon 1991). Critical histories of U.S. environmentalism have revealed the capitalist, patriarchal, colonialist, heteronormative, eugenicist, and ableist histories underlying its “progressive” exterior (Boag 2003; Darnovky 1992; Evans 2002; Gaard 2004; Jaquette 2005; Sutter 2001).

Eco-normativity (or eco[hetero]normativity) appear in alarmist discourse in the anti-toxins arm of the environmental movement. Their alarm about contaminants effect on sex/gender appeals to preexisting cultural norms of gender balance, normal sexual reproduction and the balance of nature. The use of “anti-normal” “anti-natural” in antitoxins discourse is highly questionable and risks reinforcing the dominant social and economic order (the forces actually responsible for environmental destruction and toxic contamination of all our bodies and environments) by naturalizing the multiple injustices that shore it up”…and thus creates what the author terms, polluted politics.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Kids Are Headed Back to School. Are They Breathing Clean Air? - Published Sept 3, 2024

Across the U.S., kids are headed back to their classrooms—just as COVID nears a fresh, late-summer peak. Somehow, four years into a viral pandemic that everyone now knows spreads through the air, most schools have done little to nothing to make sure their students will breathe safely.

We—and especially our children—should be able to walk into a store or a gym or a school and assume the air is clean to breathe. Like water from the faucet, regulations should ensure our air is safe. “Air is tricky. You can choose to not partake of the water or the snacks on the table, but you can’t just abstain from breathing,” notes Gigi Gronvall, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and an author of a 2021 report on the benefits of improving ventilation in schools.

The COVID-causing virus SARS-CoV-2 is far from the only airborne risk in schools. There are also other respiratory viruses, smoke from wildfires, mold spores, off-gassing from plastics and other compounds, air pollution from traffic and industry, and allergens that worsen asthma and add to sick days. Yet federal air standards are stuck in the 1970s, when they were mostly aimed at protecting people from secondhand tobacco smoke, says Joseph Allen, director of the Healthy Buildings Program at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Fully updated standards for buildings are years or even decades away.

It’s hard to assess just what schools have or haven’t done to improve indoor air quality. No one—not one federal agency—collects nationwide air quality data on individual schools. Schools could use federal money to update air filtration and ventilation during the height of the pandemic. But a 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey of school districts found that only half had taken simple steps such as opening windows or doors or using fans, and even fewer had upgraded ventilation systems.

The benefits go beyond protecting children and adults alike from airborne disease spread. “Better ventilation is linked with better test scores and grades [and] better workplace performance,” Allen said at a July meeting about air quality held by the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense, a U.S. think tank.

“We have made incredible gains related to food safety, sanitation and water quality. Where is air quality in this?” he asked. “We have ignored it.” The CDC and the Food and Drug Administration quickly warn people about listeria in sliced meat or lead in cinnamon, but no one’s checking the air in public buildings for disease-causing germs.

It’s not even hard to make sure indoor air is clean. Even in the 1800s, by having open doors and windows, tuberculosis sanatoriums prevented the spread of disease by air. The CDC has extensive guidelines on what’s known as air exchange, but ultimately, it’s a matter of moving contaminated air out and fresh air in.

If it’s too hot, cold, polluted or humid outside, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can clean up the air perfectly well when they are installed properly and used consistently. Their benefits far outweigh their costs.

“There never has been a building that we could not turn into a healthy building with just a little bit of attention,” said Allen, one of the country’s top crusaders for cleaner air, at the biodefense meeting.

Pandemic fatigue, of course, explains much of the apathy around making air-quality improvements. Public officials, from principals to local legislators right up to the top of the federal government, see that hospitals are no longer overflowing with COVID cases and that the nightly news no longer provides daily death counts. Most parents no longer clamor for assurances that their kids are safe from SARS-CoV-2.

Despite regular, ongoing spikes in COVID, most people have dropped precautions such as masks, even in hospitals.

“People are like, ‘There’s not a whole lot you can do about it,’ and that is why, societally, we need to do something about it,” Gronvall says. “We did this for water once upon a time, and we can do it for air.”

Even the experts have mostly let down their guard.

It wasn’t until halfway through the daylong, in-person-only biodefense conference on air quality that someone even thought to ask if the air in the room was safe to breathe. “Are air monitors effective?” asked former U.S. representative Fred Upton, a Republican and a commissioner at the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense, at the July meeting. “Does anyone here have one?” added Upton, who had represented Michigan’s sixth district until 2023.

“Are you sure you want to know?” someone in the audience asked, prompting laughter. Rick Rasansky, CEO of XCMR Biodefense Solutions, did have a carbon dioxide monitor, a device that gives a very rough estimate of the amount of fresh air exchange in a room. He read out a “pretty good” measurement.

That was a lucky thing because the 100 or so people attending the meeting had been seated shoulder to shoulder for several hours at that point. Not one was wearing a mask.

It will take federal legislation and sustained attention to make a difference.

The Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins University have developed a Model Clean Indoor Air Act, which state legislatures throughout the country could use in writing new indoor air laws. In Congress, Representatives Paul Tonko of New York State and Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania have introduced a bipartisan bill that would require the Environmental Protection Agency to list indoor air contaminants and develop guidelines (albeit voluntary ones).

The new federal Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) found a great acronym in its Building Resilient Environments for Air and Total Health (BREATHE) program, which will develop and roll out cool new air-cleaning technologies.

But fancy tech isn’t enough on its own, and some schools may have wasted money on glittery toys instead of real fixes. Ceiling-installed ultraviolet lights won’t kill germs if the air isn’t blown upward to get cleaned in the first place. And gadgetry won’t create the demand and enthusiasm needed for cleaner indoor air. Politicians won’t win elections by campaigning on clean indoor air. But once they have been elected, federal, state and local officials owe it to kids, their parents and their neighbors to fight this most invisible of all hazards.

“We need to make it easier for people to see what they can’t see—to see what they’re breathing,” Gronvall says.

Unpaywalled link: archive.is/20240904045601/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/kids-are-headed-back-to-school-are-they-breathing-clean-air/#selection-499.0-617.111

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Zeolite catalyst method uses microwaves to convert waste cooking oil into useful chemicals

Researchers from Kyushu University have revealed that a zeolite material called Na-ZSM-5 is effective in improving the chemical conversion of biomass into olefins—a precursor chemical that makes everything from plastics to pharmaceuticals—using microwaves. Publishing their work in Chemical Engineering Journal, the team explains that microwave heating of Na-ZSM-5 could open doors to a more energy-efficient and sustainable chemical industry. If you want to synthesize complex organic compounds, whether it be plastics, pharmaceuticals, or food additives, you generally need to start with chemical precursors with simple structures. Naturally, finding ways to efficiently and sustainably synthesize precursor chemicals is an extensively researched field.

Read more.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Politico:

California Attorney General Rob Bonta accused Exxon Mobil in a lawsuit filed [September 23, 2024] of misleading the public about the environmental consequences of plastic production for decades.

The first-of-its-kind civil suit targets the world’s largest producer of chemical compounds that go into making plastic. Bonta, a Democrat, is pursuing some of the profits that he alleges resulted from Exxon’s promotion of single-use plastics as well as a court order for the company to stop what he says are misleading claims about the recyclability of plastics.

Exxon pointed the finger back at California.

“For decades, California officials have known their recycling system isn’t effective,” spokesperson Lauren Kight said in a statement. “They failed to act, and now they seek to blame others. Instead of suing us, they could have worked with us to fix the problem and keep plastic out of landfills.”

The suit in San Francisco County Superior Court, which comes a year after Bonta sued Exxon and four other oil majors seeking compensation for climate change damages, reflects California’s increasingly aggressive effort to hold the industry accountable for climate harms as the state transitions from fossil fuels to renewables.

The lawsuit accuses Exxon Mobil of violating state nuisance, natural resources, water pollution, false advertising and unfair competition laws. It seeks an injunction against “further pollution, impairment, and destruction, as well as to prevent Exxon Mobil from making any further false or misleading statements about plastics recycling and its plastics operations.”

[reality-detective]

Let's investigate the 4 chemicals in Palestine Ohio's train derailment and their so-called slow burn operation that our government said was safe.👇

1. VINYL CHLORIDE

A chemical warfare agent in WWII ☠️

Is vinyl chloride harmful to human health?

⚠️Exposure to vinyl chloride may increase a person's risk of developing cancer. Human and animal studies show higher rates of liver, lung and several other types of cancer. Being exposed to vinyl chloride can affect a person's liver, kidney, lung, spleen, nervous system and blood.

How much vinyl chloride cause cancer?

Studies of long-term exposure in animals showed that cancer of the liver and mammary gland may increase at very low levels of vinyl chloride in the air (50 ppm). Lab animals fed low levels of vinyl chloride each day (2 mg/kg/day) during their lifetime had an increased risk of getting liver cancer.

Is vinyl chloride a hazardous waste?

⚠️Vinyl Chloride is hazardous to the environment.

2. ETHYLENE GLYCOL

What is ethylene glycol used in?

DESCRIPTION: Ethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products. Examples include antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, some stamp pad inks, ballpoint pens, solvents, paints, plastics, films, and cosmetics.

How is ethylene glycol harmful to humans?

An overdose of ethylene glycol can damage the brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys. The poisoning causes disturbances in the body's chemistry, including metabolic acidosis (increased acids in the bloodstream and tissues). The disturbances may be severe enough to cause profound shock, organ failure, and death.

How does ethylene glycol affect the brain?

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a toxic alcohol that causes central nervous system depression and multiple metabolic abnormalities including a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA), elevated osmolal gap (OG), and acute kidney injury. Few case reports of EG intoxication report brain MRI findings.

Is ethylene glycol a carcinogen?

🚩EPA has not classified ethylene glycol for carcinogenicity. Chronic Effects (Noncancer): The only effects were noted in a study of individuals exposed to low levels of ethylene glycol by inhalation for about a month were throat and upper respiratory tract irritation.

Is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether harmful to humans?

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, blood, kidneys and liver. A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C.

3. MONOBUTYL ETHER

What is the use of monobutyl ether?

It is used as a solvent in surface coatings in paints; as a coupling agent in metal and household cleaners; as an intermediate in chemical production; and is also found in brake fluids and in printing ink.

Is butyl ether toxic?

⚠️Acute Health Effects☠️

The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Butyl Ether: * Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. * Repeated or prolonged skin contact may cause rash. Breathing Butyl Ether can irritate the nose and throat causing coughing and wheezing.

Is ether toxic to humans?

⚠️Breathing Diethyl Ether can cause drowsiness, excitement, dizziness, vomiting, irregular breathing, and increased saliva. High exposure can cause unconsciousness and even death.

Is ether a carcinogen?

► Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be NO safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.

Combustible. Above 60°C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. NO open flames. Above 60°C use a closed system and ventilation.

4. ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE

Is ethylhexyl acrylate toxic?

Like any reactive chemical, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can be hazardous if not handled properly. May be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation or ulceration. Limited dermal contact or vapour concentrations attainable at room temperature are not hazardous on single short duration exposures.

Is Ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer safe?

Although the monomers may be toxic, the levels that would be found in cosmetic formulations are not considered to present a safety risk. Accordingly, these Acrylate Copolymers are considered safe for use in cosmetic formulations when formulated to avoid irritation.

Are acrylates safe?

The International Agency of Research on Cancer as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have classified acrylates as a possible human carcinogen. Exposure to acrylates has been linked to skin, eye, and throat reactions [1] as well as more serious health consequences such as: Cancer.

Is ethylhexyl harmful for skin?

Ethylhexylglycerin is not safe due to its performance as a contact allergen.

Is ethyl acrylate carcinogenic?

⚠️Cancer Hazard☠️

* Ethyl Acrylate may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been shown to cause stomach cancer in animals.

🚩Spoiler Alert⚠️ It's NOT safe and in fact it is highly toxic☠️

This will affect millions of people and it may flow into the Mississippi river as well. 🤔

[quaranmine]

losing my mind a little at these stupid people on twitter who are convinced that everybody is lying about the poor air quality in the us and canada being caused by wildfire smoke, and it is ACTUALLY some shadowy/govt conspiracy group trying to poison everybody

i feel like i am losing braincells as we speak

their main point for this being "actually poison and not smoke" is that the air does not "smell smoky." they're like "it smells like chemicals! it smells like burning plastic! it's so acrid! this cannot be smoke!"

first of all....fires can burn a lot of things besides just plain wood? if it has destroyed homes or human development, it has burned A LOT of different materials that may include plastics, rubber tires, chemically treated wood/materials, sealants, etc. other compounds can also be formed through combustion--heat can cause chemical reactions! this is one reason why smoke inhalation is a risk, because in addition to the ever-present risk of particular matter (PM2.5 especially) it can carry other gaseous pollutants. literally just google "why does wildfire smoke smell like chemicals" and the answer is: they also release volatile organic compounds. there's tons of gaseous compounds in smoke, it's been studied over and over.

like i understand the fear of "omg this doesnt smell like my campfire!" but it literally takes just one google search and the most basic understanding of things burning in large quantities to explain why it smells like chemicals. i dont expect people to be environmental scientists or experts in the subject or know this off the top of their head. it is completely normal and rational to get freaked out by this. but how conspiracy-brained do you have to be to IMMEDIATELY assume there is some Widespread Multi-National Secret Plot to poison american citizens instead of just...fires smell bad??????

like no, this isn't normal. the fire season is worse than usual this year. it IS normal to have a fire season (fire is a normal part of ecosystems) and for some years to be worse than others, but it IS being exacerabated by climage change. more frequent droughts, hotter temperatures, and drier weather can all increase the severity of fires. it sadly looks like this summer will be very bad. if you want to get "conspiratorial" about it, look no further than the usual suspects of climate change: industrial pollution, corporations, oil company lobbying, etc.

but as for the air quality in the US and Canada RIGHT NOW, no you are not being poisoned by a shadowy conspiracy organization that the media is lying to you about, you are just. experiencing pollution.

[trendingreportz]

Acetic Acid Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Acetic Acid Market Overview

Acetic Acid Market Size is forecast to reach $14978.6 Million by 2030, at a CAGR of 6.50% during forecast period 2024-2030. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless organic liquid with a pungent odor. The functional group of acetic acid is methyl and it is the second simplest carboxylic acid. It is utilized as a chemical reagent in the production of many chemical compounds. The major use of acetic acid is in the manufacturing of vinyl acetate monomer, acetic anhydride, easter and vinegar. It is a significant industrial chemical and chemical reagent used in the production of photographic film, fabrics and synthetic fibers. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, from January to September 2021, the combined operating revenue of 12,557 major Chinese garment companies was US$163.9 billion, showing a 9% increase. Thus, the growth of the textile industry is propelling the market growth for Acetic Acid.

Report Coverage

The “Acetic Acid Market Report – Forecast (2024-2030)” by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments in the Acetic Acid industry.

By Form: Liquid and Solid.

By Grade: Food grade, Industrial grade, pharmaceutical grade and Others.

By Application: Vinyl Acetate Monomer, Purified Terephthalic Acid, Ethyl Acetate, Acetic Anhydride, Cellulose Acetate, Acetic Esters, Dyes, Vinegar, Photochemical and Others 

By End-use Industry: Textile, Medical and Pharmaceutical, Oil and Gas, Food and Beverages, Agriculture, Household Cleaning Products, Plastics, Paints & Coating and Others.

By Geography: North America (the USA, Canada and Mexico), Europe (the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Russia, Belgium and the Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Rest of APAC), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile and the Rest of South America) and the Rest of the World (the Middle East and Africa).

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Key Takeaways

The notable use of Acetic Acid in the food and beverages segment is expected to provide a significant growth opportunity to increase the Acetic Acid Market size in the coming years. As per the US Food and Agriculture Organization, world meat production reached 337 million tonnes in 2019, up by 44% from 2000.

The notable demand for vinyl acetate monomer in a range of industries such as textile finishes, plastics, paints and adhesives is driving the growth of the Acetic Acid Market. 

Increase in demand for vinegar in the food industry is expected to provide substantial growth opportunities for the industry players in the near future in the Acetic Acid industry.

Acetic Acid Market Segment Analysis – by Application

The vinyl acetate monomer segment held a massive 44% share of the Acetic Acid Market share in 2021. Acetic acid is an important carboxylic acid and is utilized in the preparation of metal acetates and printing processes, industrially. For industrial purposes, acetic acid is manufactured by air oxidation of acetaldehyde with the oxidation of ethanol, butane and butene. Acetic acid is extensively used to produce vinyl acetate which is further used in formulating polyvinyl acetate. Polyvinyl acetate is employed in the manufacturing of plastics, paints, textile finishes and adhesives. Thus, several benefits associated with the use of vinyl acetate monomer is boosting the growth and is expected to account for a significant share of the Acetic Acid Market.

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Acetic Acid Market Segment Analysis – by End-use Industry

The food and beverages segment is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period in the Acetic Acid Market. Acetic Acid is also known as ethanoic acid and is most extensively used in the production of vinyl acetate monomer. Vinyl acetate is largely used in the production of cellulose acetate which is further used in several industrial usage such as textiles, photographic films, solvents for resins, paints and organic esters. PET bottles are manufactured using acetic acid and are further utilized as food containers and beverage bottles. In food processing plants, acetic acid is largely used as cleaning and disinfecting products. Acetic acid is extensively used in producing vinegar which is widely used as a food additive in condiments and the pickling of vegetables. According to National Restaurant Association, the foodservice industry is forecasted to reach US$898 billion by 2022. Thus, the advances in the food and beverages industry are boosting the growth of the Acetic Acid Market. 

Acetic Acid Market Segment Analysis – by Geography

Asia-Pacific held a massive 41% share of the Acetic Acid Market in 2021. This growth is mainly attributed to the presence of numerous end-use industries such as textile, food and beverages, agriculture, household cleaning products, plastics and paints & coatings. Growth in urbanization and an increase in disposable income in this region have further boosted the industrial growth in this region. Acetic acid is extensively used in the production of metal acetates, vinyl acetate and vinegar which are further utilized in several end-use industries. Also, Asia-Pacific is one of the major regions in the domain of plastic production which provides substantial growth opportunities for the companies in the region. According to Plastic Europe, China accounted for 32% of the world's plastic production. Thus, the significant growth in several end-use industries in this region is also boosting the growth of the Acetic Acid Market.

Acetic Acid Market Drivers 

Growth in the textile industry:

Acetic Acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is widely used in the production of metal acetate and vinyl acetate which are further used in the production of chemical reagents in textiles, photographic films, paints and volatile organic esters. In the textile industry, acetic acid is widely used in textile printing and dyes. According to China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2020, textile and garment exports from China increased by 9.6% to US$291.22 billion. Also, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce, from January to September 2021, apparel exports increased by 28.94% to US$4.385 billion, while textile mill products rose by 17.31% to US$12.365 billion. Vinyl acetate monomer is utilized in the textile industry to produce synthetic fibers. Thus, the global growth in demand for textiles is propelling the growth and is expected to account for a significant share of the Acetic Acid Market size.

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Surge in use of vinegar in the food industry:

The rapid surge in population along with the adoption of a healthy and sustainable diet has resulted in an increase in demand for food items, thereby increasing the global production level of food items. As per US Food and Agriculture Organization, in 2019, global fruit production went up to 883 million tonnes, showing an increase of 54% from 2000, while global vegetable production was 1128 million tonnes, showing an increase of 65%. Furthermore, world meat production reached 337 million tonnes in 2019, showing an increase of 44% from 2000. Acetic acid is majorly used in the preparation of vinegar which is further widely utilized as a food ingredient and in personal care products. Vinegar is used in pickling liquids, marinades and salad dressings. It also helps to reduce salmonella contamination in meat and poultry products. Furthermore, acetic acid and its sodium salts are used as a food preservative. Thus, the surge in the use of vinegar in the food industry is boosting the growth of the Acetic Acid Market.

Acetic Acid Market Challenge

Adverse impact of acetic acid on human health:

Acetic Acid is considered a strong irritant to the eye, skin and mucous membrane. Prolong exposure to and inhalation of acetic acid may cause irritation to the nose, eyes and throat and can also damage the lungs. The workers who are exposed to acetic acid for more than two or three years have witnessed upper respiratory tract irritation, conjunctival irritation and hyperkeratotic dermatitis. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reveals that the standard exposure to airborne acetic acid is eight hours. Furthermore, a common product of acetic acid i.e., vinegar can cause gastrointestinal tract inflammatory conditions such as indigestion on excess consumption. Thus, the adverse impact of Acetic Acid may hamper the market growth. 

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Acetic Acid Industry Outlook

The top 10 companies in the Acetic Acid Market are:

Celanese Corporation

Eastman Chemical Company

LyondellBasell

British Petroleum

Helm AG

Pentoky Organy

Dow Chemicals

Indian Oil Corporation

Daicel Corporation

Jiangsu Sopo (Group) Co. Ltd.

Recent Developments

In March 2021, Celanese Corporation announced the investment to expand the production facility of vinyl portfolio for the company’s acetyl chain and derivatives in Europe and Asia.

In April 2020, Celanese Corporation delayed the construction of its new acetic acid plant and expansion of its methanol production by 18 months at the Clear Lake site in Texas.

In October 2019, BP and Chian’s Zhejiang Petroleum and Chemical Corporation signed MOU in order to create a joint venture to build a 1 million tonne per annum Acetic Acid plant in eastern China.

Key Market Players:

The Top 5 companies in the Acetic Acid Market are:

Celanese Corporation

Ineos Group Limited

Eastman Chemical Company

LyondellBasell Industries N.V.

Helm AG

For more Chemicals and Materials Market reports, please click here

[lyncotek]

Introduction to Synthetic Resin Adhesives

The building business was completely transformed by the introduction of Synthetic Resin Adhesives. These adhesives are effective in packing, long-lasting, and multipurpose. They consist of several chemicals. These days, resin-based products are a necessary part of modern manufacturing and may be found in everything from high-end to bulky packaging.

Types of Synthetic Resin Adhesives

Epoxy Resin Adhesives

Epoxy resin adhesives are renowned for having outstanding bond strength and resilience to abrasive environments. Applications needing strong adhesion and structural stability, such joined concrete, metal, and plastic, frequently employ it.

Polyurethane Adhesives

Because polyurethane adhesive is so strong and flexible, it’s perfect for packaging that comes in different widths. It is used in construction for joint coverings and wood fastening to various components.

Acrylic Adhesives

Acrylic adhesives are frequently used in construction to assemble furniture, affix decorative panels, and make windows. They are prized for their quick speed and strong adherence to a variety of materials, including metal, glass, and ceramics.

Cyanoacrylate Adhesives

Super glue, or cyanoacrylate adhesives, are thought to be advantageous due to its quick cure and great resilience. In construction, it is widely used to bind small pieces, repair cracks, and fuse soft materials together.

Properties of Synthetic Resin Adhesives

Resin-based adhesives exhibit several key characteristics that make them ideally suited for construction applications.

Strength

One of the number one blessings of artificial resin adhesives is their exquisite bonding strength, which allows them to create robust connections among numerous materials.

Durability

Synthetic resin adhesives are recognized for their sturdiness, resisting degradation from exposure to moisture, chemical compounds, and environmental elements over time.

Flexibility

Many synthetic resin adhesives offer flexibility, permitting them to resist the stresses of motion and vibration with out dropping their bond energy.

Resistance to Moisture and Chemicals

It is common for synthetic resin adhesives to be designed to withstand chemical exposure and moisture, which qualifies them for usage in outdoor and industrial settings.

 Applications  in the Construction Industry

Synthetic resin adhesives locate several packages in the construction industry, ranging from bonding materials to structural repairs.

Bonding Materials

Synthetic resin adhesives are used to bond a wide variety of substances, together with timber, metal, concrete, and plastic, permitting the construction of long lasting and resilient systems.

Structural Repairs

In cases in which traditional creation techniques are impractical or costly, artificial resin adhesives can be used to restore and toughen current systems quick and efficaciously.

Flooring Installation

Synthetic resin adhesives are typically used in floors set up, imparting a robust and dependable bond between the floors material and the substrate.

Wall Paneling

Synthetic resin adhesives are used to connect wall panels and decorative factors, supplying a steady and aesthetically pleasing end to indoors areas.

Advantages of Synthetic Resin Adhesives

In many production processes, synthetic resin adhesives are the favored choice due to their numerous advantages over traditional bonding methods.

Fast Curing Time

Synthetic resin adhesives usually have a fast curing time, bearing in mind rapid assembly and set up of production additives.

High Strength

Synthetic resin adhesives provide high bond electricity, making sure the structural integrity and sturdiness of constructed factors.

Versatility

Synthetic resin adhesives can bond a wide variety of materials together, imparting versatility and versatility in creation initiatives.

Resistance to Environmental Factors

Synthetic resin adhesives are resistant to moisture, chemicals, and other environmental factors, making them suitable for use in diverse climatic conditions.

Real-Life Applications

Several case studies highlight the effectiveness and flexibility of synthetic resin adhesives in production tasks international.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite their many advantages, artificial resin adhesives additionally face demanding situations and limitations, such as restricted temperature tolerance and capacity health risks in the course of software.

Future Trends and Innovations

The destiny of artificial resin adhesives in the construction enterprise looks promising, with ongoing research and improvement targeted on improving their overall performance, sustainability, and safety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, synthetic resin adhesives have revolutionized the development enterprise by way of supplying superior bonding energy, durability, and versatility. From bonding materials to structural maintenance, those adhesives play a crucial role in cutting-edge creation practices, paving the manner for innovative and sustainable constructing solutions.

Unique FAQs

Are synthetic resin adhesives suitable for outdoor applications?

How do synthetic resin adhesives compare to traditional adhesives?

What safety precautions should be taken when using synthetic resin adhesives?

Can synthetic resin adhesives be used underwater?

Are there eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic resin adhesives?

[elektroskopik]

Heaps of pharmaceuticals, toxic chemicals found in recycled plastics

The largest class of chemicals found were pesticides, with 162 chemical compounds coming from this category. Second in the list were 89 different pharmaceuticals. Third place went to 65 different industrial chemicals. These were followed by other classes of chemicals including surfactants, stimulants, fragrances, dyes, repellents, corrosion inhibitors, and more. In all, the researchers say that "491 organic compounds were detected and quantified, with an additional 170 compounds tentatively annotated."

Some of these chemicals come from the manufacturing of plastics themselves, while others are introduced during the recycling stage, and still others find their ways into the plastics through the process of adsorption, a process in which atoms of certain substances form a film that adheres to various surfaces. Because of the range of compounds found, the researchers say that they believe recycled plastics are unfit for most uses (...).

Published in Science