#MO pinhole

[k00317031]

The History of The Camera Obscura

Camera obscuras date back to as far as 400 BC. The earliest known written account of a camera obscura was by Mo-tzu a Chinese philosopher in 400 BC. He said that light from “an illuminated object that passed through a pinhole into a dark room created an inverted image of the original object.”

Greek philosopher Aristotle realised in the 4th century BC that a partial eclipse could be viewed by looking at the group under a tree. The crescent shape was projected through the gaps in the leaves onto the ground.

In the 11th century a viewing screen was used to seethe inverted image. Ibn al-Haytham is said to be the inventor of the camera obscura as well as the pinhole camera which is a very similar concept.

4 centuries later Leonardo Da Vinci said that the human eye is like a camera obscura. Finally the idea was improved upon when Italian scholar Giambattista della Porta added a concave lens near where the light enters the pinhole.

Then a few years later in 1604, Johannes Kepler created a portable version in the form of a tent to survey Upper Austria. Artists such as Vermeer used a portable box-like version of the camera obscura in the 17th and 18th century.

Information came from camera-obscura.co.uk .

[polybplumbing]

Poly B Pinhole Leak? Here’s What Happens

Poly B Pipes: A Ticking Clock in Your Walls?

Welcome to the intricate world of home plumbing - a complex maze of pipes hidden behind the drywall, quietly carrying water to where we need it most. But what happens when these vital veins begin to falter in their duty? Enter the realm of Poly B plumbing, a topic that's been heating up discussions and cold showers alike. Let's dive deeper beyond the poly b pinhole leak phenomenon covered in our recent article and unravel the mystery surrounding these controversial conduits.

Why should pinhole leaks in Poly B piping grip your attention? Think of these minuscule menaces as the heralds of potential plumbing pandemonium. They're not merely a drip in the bucket; they're harbingers of what might be an extensive – and expensive – problem lurking within your home's hidden highways.

Urban Piping Ltd., armed with an A+ rating from the BBB and a sterling fleet of reviews, stands at the forefront of Poly B piping solutions. We've seen the best and worst of these plumbing predicaments across Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver, and we're acutely aware of the unease that a simple pinhole leak can induce in homeowners.

Our aim? To ensure your home runs like a well-oiled machine, where water flows freely – without the surprise plots of an unwanted leak. Our expertise in poly b replacement in Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver is second to none. We believe in comprehensive solutions, ensuring that once the Poly B is replaced, your home's integrity is restored, from your walls' inner skeleton to their outer skin – paint, drywall, and all.

Now, you might ask, "Is a full replacement necessary, or can I skate by with repairs?" The truth is, Poly B is like a ticking clock, with each tick a potential pinhole leak waiting to burst forth. Repairs can work temporarily, but they're merely hitting the snooze button on an alarm that’s bound to ring again – louder and with more urgency.

But here's the clincher – no homeowner should be devastated by the thought of a full pipeline replacement. With Urban Piping, the overwhelming becomes manageable; we offer peace of mind with Poly B Piping Case Studies illustrating our proficiency and success in bringing homes back to their full glory.

And, to sweeten the deal, we've made the decision easier on your wallet. You can finance your poly b pipe replacement starting from only $150/mo. This is your opportunity to invest in your home's longevity, quell the threat of leaks, and ensure your castle stays... well, king of the block.

Don't wait for the telltale drip-drip-drip. Get ahead of the curve. Tap into the peace of mind that comes from reliable plumbing. Venture over to Urban Piping and set your sights on a future free from unexpected waterworks. After all, when it comes to Poly B, it's not just about fixing a pipe – it's about safeguarding your sanctuary.

[argentnoelle]

Oubliette

The moment Light writes in the death note he becomes a killer, but he could not become Kira without L. (L/Light, slow burn — Yotsuba Arc with all the mind-games intact)

chapter 3 (read on ao3)

June 15, 2004. Day fifteen of confinement. The principle of a camera is simple. In fact, without need for a lens and a mechanism for capture, the simplest camera is a mere pinprick, an opening between one thing and another.

Called the "camera obscura," it is a dark room with only a small opening through which images from the outside world may be viewed. Aristotélēs (Ἀριστοτέλης) wrote of it. In the third century, in Dream Pool Essays, the philosopher Mo Di (墨翟) described the effect, saying "when a bird flies in the air, its shadow moves along the ground in the same direction. But if its image is collected through a small hole in a window, then the shadow moves in the direction opposite of that of the bird." Just as in a burning-mirror, a concave glass, which "reflects a finger to give an upright image if the object is very near, but if the finger moves farther and farther away it reaches a point where the image disappears and after that the image appears inverted. …So also the oar is fixed at the rowlock somewhere at its middle part, constituting, when it is moved, a sort of 'waist' and the handle of the oar is always in the position inverse to the end." In the early 1000's, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم), who expanded on the optics of Ptolemaios (Πτολεμαῖος), observed a partial solar eclipse from inside the device. In 1558, in Natural Magic, the "professor of secrets" Giambattista della Porta, wrote "you must shut all the Chamber windows, and it will do well to shut up all holes besides, lest any light breaking in should spoil all. Only make one hole...as great as your little finger" through which the sun will shine through—then, on the far wall, the image will appear "and what is right will be the left, and all things changed."

You are in a camera obscura, a "dark chamber" now. Following that principle, you must be the reverse of whatever you were before you entered. When you lie on a sold stone floor, featureless, bare, and rough—not because you don't appreciate the thin pallet provided but because at some point in these days of tedium the textural and temperature novelty of finding new and more uncomfortable ways to rest is all that is keeping you from breaking in the silence and spitting out an unfounded confession—you wonder what Ryuga Hideki, Ryuzaki, L, would think about something that goes along the lines of: 'I am Yagami Light and I am innocent, in this jail cell, in which you can see a perfect image of myself. But because I am only an image conveyed through a pinhole lens, I must therefore have been Kira, the killer, outside of it.' You think he would be as happy to take that as he was to take the possibility of you committing crimes in a fugue state, in your sleep, or through a dual personality, which is far-fetched enough that he himself has admitted he doesn't think it likely.

All either of you are really going on here is the circumstantial evidence, which is as damning now as it had been when you confined yourself; and yet now, just as then, nothing can definitively be proven. Were you really framed by Kira? Has Kira been L the whole time?

If he is, there is no way you would know. L is not the type to gloat openly, or, you surmise, at all. He takes everything with a strange equanimity. Unless it involves discussion of things beyond this world; shinigami and the like. Wouldn't it be a funny twist if the second Kira (Misa, no doubt about it) had been speaking literally this entire time? About shinigami and eyes? If the kiras are in fact gods, or possessed by ones, how is this task force meant to find and defeat them?

Perhaps that was behind the source of Ryuga's terror. After all, like you, he hates to lose.

You sigh into the floor. Your eyes are gritty with lack of sleep, your hair is a greasy mess plastered over your forehead, and you didn't turn in your latest paper for Statistics. This turn of events isn't even unexpected—as far back as the first time you and Ryuga met, you brought up the idea of clearing your name to him through something like this. Of course, at the time, you'd been picturing something more akin to house arrest than being cuffed hand and foot in a cell like a common criminal; and you'd been sure that a month would be more than enough time to prove your innocence, since Kira would continue to kill while you would be in isolation. Unfortunately… Kira hasn't obliged. Three weeks, and no deaths? It isn't like him. (You've either been framed, or L is lying to you about the deaths stopping to force a confession. Or both.)

While you're waiting here, the real Kira is gloating, and you burn with rage at the thought. A possible attempt on your father's life, the fact that that his worshipper Misa saw you in Aoyama and found a way to stalk you all the way back home and become your girlfriend, the self-importance with which he toys with his enemies, with L and with you—well, you'll show him. If you have to, you'll kill him yourself.

And yet it is because Kira that you are part of the investigation of the century. It is because of Kira that you met L. You can't bring yourself to regret that, to regret any of it.

Not that you had thought so when the two of you first met…

"I've never been so humiliated in my entire life," hadn't you thought? That L or someone sent by L had so brazenly accused you, surrounded you as though you were nothing but a stone in the game of Go played out at scale between him and Kira. You had raged, actually slammed your fists onto the desk and seethed. But because you also hate to lose (it is true that this is a trait shared between you and L and the first Kira) you soon decided how to play it, and even spoke as though L could hear your vow: "I'll make you trust me. And when I've finally proved my innocence to you, I'll go one further. I'll catch Kira myself."

(read on ao3)

[fotoblogas]

***

Ilford Delta 400 / d76

MO pinhole

[buckleyirondad]

10. They Look So Pretty When They Bleed “Internal Bleeding” 

Peter falls off the lakehouse roof while helping Tony with household chores.

AO3 Link

Families across the world, spent their day-to-day lives, doing normal people things, and sometimes, they’d have exciting events to look forward to.

Tony’s life was the opposite.

Since beating Thanos, and having Peter home safely, Tony spent the majority of the time, worrying about the kid being on patrol.

So, the days spent completing small tasks, such as fixing a hole in the lakehouse roof, were the times that he most looked forward to.

Peter wiped the back of his hand over his brow, “Wow.”

Tony placed his tool down, “You tired, kid?” He asked, looking up.

Peter sat down, “We’ve been up here, for an hour.”

Tony shrugged, “Well, we’re nearly done.”

Peter stretched his arms up, over his head, “Wouldn’t it have been easier, if we got one of the suits to do this?”

“Probably, but I promised Pepper…” He bent down, “When we moved in, that the suits would never help with little tasks.”

Peter ducked his head, mid-laugh, “They’re reserved only for, the end of the world tasks?”

“Basically,” He looked up, “Or, you know, keeping your kid alive on patrol?”

“How funny,” Peter rolled his eyes, letting out a snort, “So, you think she’s right?”

“Oh, yeah,” Tony nodded, “Definitely, I like fixing things.”

"May kinda does the same thing,” Peter said, “I’m not allowed to use my web-shooters to tidy my room anymore, or cover up pinholes, in the walls.”

Tony narrowed his eyes, “You didn’t—”

Peter grinned, unfazed, “I have.”

“Teenagers.”

“Okay…” He placed his hand, on the chimney behind him, and stood up, “I’m gonna head down.”

“I’ll join you,” Tony grabbed his toolbox, “In a few minutes.”

Peter hurried away, “I’m gonna eat the last brownie.”

Tony turned, shaking his head, “Traitor.”

He heard Peter carefully creeping over, to the edge of the roof, by the side of Morgan’s bedroom window, and he lowered himself down.

Tony started gathering his tools together.

He heard a large bang, followed by a sharp intake of breath, and then, a spine-chilling thud.

He snapped his head up, “Peter?”

A pained sigh followed.

“Fuck,” He scrambled away, towards the edge where the ladder was placed, “Peter!”

Peter was sprawled across the grass below, nursing his head, in his hand.

“Pete…” Tony sped down the ladder, and rushed to his side, kneeling, “Hey, hey, you okay?”

“Yeah…” Peter squeaked, “Wow.” He blinked slowly, “That was dramatic.”

Tony rested a hand on his arm, “This wouldn’t happen if you used the ladder.”

“It’s not that far down,” Peter held up his hand, articulating his nonsense point, “And I’m Spider-Man.”

“Well, Spider-Man….” He leaned back, tapping Peter’s foot, “Maybe, check your laces, before climbing off a roof.”

“Yeah,” He rubbed the side of his head, “Good plan.”

Tony quickly tied the kid’s laces, and then, moved back, “Here,” He eased Peter, into a sitting position, “You can swing, building to building, but you didn’t notice, that your shoelaces, were undone?"

“I’m not always in Spider-Man mode.”

“Clearly,” Tony darted his eyes around, searching for injuries, “Yet, you use it as an excuse.”

Peter lifted his shoulder in a half shrug.

Tony nudged Peter’s shoulder, “Stop trying to give your old man a heart attack.”

Peter widened his eyes, “I’m not trying to.”

“You okay?” Tony laughed nervously, scanning him, “Any broken bones?”

“Nah,” Peter sighed, “I kinda fell butt first, and the grass was here, so I think I’m good.”

“You’re incredibly lucky.”

Peter barked a laugh, “It’s my middle name.”

“I don’t know…” Tony squeezed his shoulder, “Well, we’re done for the day, and you’re never going on the roof again.”

“God,” Peter groaned, “It was one time.”

Tony jumped up, “One time is enough,” He leaned, helping Peter to his feet.

Peter stood steady, “See, I’m fine.”

“You can probably thank your powers for that,” He nudged Peter’s arm, “Come on.”

They walked up the porch steps, and Tony clicked open the front door.

“Hey, you two,” Pepper was sitting, at the breakfast bar, with Morgan, “Everything good?”

Peter spoke quickly, “Yeah.”

Tony jumped it at the same time, “Peter fell off the roof.”

Peter glared, with his mouth set in a determined line.

Pepper jumped out of her chair, jogging over, “Wait, what?!”

Peter held up his hands, “I’m fine.”

Pepper pressed her hand on Peter’s cheek, “How—"

“My shoelace was undone,” Peter sighed, “I’m good, I’ve fallen further on patrol.”

“Still,” She brushed a curl behind his ear, “Please, be careful. I don’t want you going to May, in a sling…again.”

Tony chipped in, “He’s clumsy, by nature.”

Morgan shouted out, “But he’s Spider-Man!”

“Yes, he is, honey,” Tony jogged over, “However, for some reason, your brother, is clumsier when he doesn’t have a red and blue suit on.”

Morgan turned to her brother, “Then you should wear it, all the time, Petey.”

Peter skipped over, ruffling Morgan’s hair, “I would but it might give away my secret identity.”

“Oh, yeah,” Morgan reached out, taking the plate, with the final brownie on, “I saved you the last one.”

Peter took it, and shot an evil smirk in Tony’s direction, “Thank you.”

Tony crossed his arms and shook his head, disappointed, “I’ll never forget this.”

Peter giggled, as he shuffled over to the couch.

Tony sang, “What do we all fancy for dinner?”

Morgan shouted back, “Pizza!”

Tony turned, to Pepper, “Honey?”

She nodded, “Pizza sounds good.”

Tony skipped over, tapping the back of the couch, “Pete?”

Peter leaned his head back, mouthful, “Yeah?”

“Fancy pizza?”

“Um, yeah. The usual,” Peter spun around, “Please.”

***

They watched A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back while eating their pizza, and then, Morgan pleaded with them, to put Frozen on.

Elsa was performing her killer solo when Tony started collecting the boxes together.

He reached for Peter’s box, “Oh,” He pushed it open, there was still about half left, “Hey Pete, you’ve still got pizza left.”

Peter shrugged, “I’m not that hungry.”

Tony perched on his seat, looking to Pepper, who seemingly shared his concern.

The kid could consume twice his weight, in sugars and fats, daily.

Pepper leaned over, “You sure, honey?”

“Yeah, it’s not that nice,” Peter waved his hand, “I think I ate too many brownies.”

Tony nodded, “Okay.”

Morgan jumped up randomly, “I’m gonna brush my teeth.”

Pepper spun to face her, “You can wait until the end of the movie, sweetheart.”

“Nah,” Morgan sped off, “I wanna do it now, so I can go to bed at the end.”

She charged upstairs.

Tony paused the movie, “She’s got tactics, that one.”

Pepper crossed her arms, “She gets it from you.”

Tony dropped his jaw, “She does not.”

“She does too,” Pepper looked up, “All for a later bedtime.”

Peter sat up straight, a pillow fell off the couch, to the floor, “Uh…”

Tony twirled to face him, “You ready for bed, kid?”

Peter looked at him, with glossed over eyes, but he said nothing, “Uh..” He looked beside him, “Where’d Morgan go?”

Pepper sat up, startled, “She’s gone to brush her teeth.”

Tony shuffled closer, “You feeling all right, Pete?”

“Yeah,” Peter rubbed his eyes, “Just tired.”

“Wanna go to bed?” Tony asked, “We won’t blame you.”

“Hm, I think I will go, yeah,” He slowly stood, but wobbled, unsteady on his feet, “Uh...”

“Okay—” Tony launched, catching him, “Let’s sit you, back down.” He gently lowered him back, into a sitting position, “Okay…” He knelt on the floor, keeping his hands rested on his shoulders.

“Peter—” Pepper rushed over, crouching beside the pair.

Tony studied him, “What hurts, kiddo?”

Peter moved his shaking hand, pointing to his chest.

Tony asked, “Can we look?”

“Yeah.”

Tony lifted Peter’s shirt, revealing a dark bruise, under his left ribcage, “Oh, shit…”

Pepper sighed heavily, “Honey…”

Tony brushed a hand through Peter’s curls, “Friday, can you scan him for me?”

“Right away, Boss.”

“Thank you.”

“It appears that Peter has a ruptured spleen.”

Tony cursed, “Fuck.”

Peter cried, “Sorry…”

Pepper bounced up, “I’ll phone the Infirmary.”

Tony rested a hand on Peter’s cheek, “I’m gonna go ahead and guess, that you didn’t land ‘on your butt.’”

Peter stammered, “I-I tried to catch myself, falling, and landed…on my…”

“Front?”

“Yeah,” Peter nodded, “I turned, before you…saw.”

“Oh, kid.” He pressed their foreheads together, “My Peter. Remember our promise?”

“Yeah…”

“No keeping big scary secrets…” Tony leaned back, bobbing his nose, “Especially when you’re hurt.”

“I thought…” Peter blinked, “It was just a bruise.”

“It’s not just a bruise.”

Peter managed a small smile, “I can’t see my organs, Mr. Stark.”

Tony rolled his eyes, “Don’t be smart, with me, kiddo.”

Peter hiccupped, “It’ll be fine.”

Tony kissed his forehead, “I know.” He got up, perching beside him, on the couch.

Peter moved, resting his head, on Tony’s shoulder.

Tony wrapped an arm around him, “No sleeping yet, buddy.”

Peter mumbled, “I’m not sleeping.”

Tony raised his voice, “Peter…”

“Ok…Ok…” Peter stuttered, “I can sing?”

Tony snorted, “Yeah, you can sing.”

“For the first time in forever…” Peter sang, under his breath, “There’ll be m-usic, there’ll be l-ight.”

Tony smiled, despite the situation, it was adorable.

Morgan walked down the stairs, “Daddy?”

Tony looked up, “Hey, sweetie.”

Morgan looked over, “What’s going on?”

“Peter’s got hurt, when he fell earlier,” He told her, “So he needs to see Cho.”

“Oh, okay.” She waddled over, sitting beside Peter, “Hey, Petey.”

“Hey, Mo,” Peter breathed, his face scrunched up, in pain, “For the first time in forever, I’ll be danc-ing through the n-ight…”

Morgan looked confused, he took his hand, “For the first time in forever…”

Peter grinned, “I won’t be alone.”

***

The surgery went well.

Tony sat, by Peter’s bedside, while Pepper took Morgan to a guest bedroom, for the night.

Tony was messaging a frightened May, trying to keep her updated, because she was stuck in traffic, with Happy.

Tony couldn’t stop humming the Frozen Soundtrack, under his breath, it was oddly addictive.

Peter mumbled sleepily, “To-“

“Hey, kiddo,” Tony looked up, smiling, “How…”

“You…you know there’s a Frozen…” Peter muttered, “West End Show…?”

Tony combed his hand through Peter’s hair, “There is?”

“Yeah. The…” Peter smacked his lips together, “The music’s really good.”

“I’ll have to book us tickets."

[matthewjrolin]

Matthew J. Rolin “The Dreaming Bridge”

Coming 2021 on Feeding Tube Records.

1.) Pinhole (3:32)

2.) Hallucinations ft. Patrick Shiroishi (8:23)

3.) Weeping Willow (4:08)

4.) Drown (6:45)

5.) When I Could See ft. Jen Powers (4:12)

6.) Moonlight (3:26)

7.) 10:30 AM (4:07)

8.) Backyard Blues (4:27)

9.) Bells (7:38)

10.) The Dreaming Bridge (20:06)

“We are living in something of a golden age of fingerstyle guitarists. This glut can be both a blessing and a curse, as it becomes increasingly difficult for even the most discerning of fans to distinguish one player from the next, however capable these players might be.

It is always a pleasure, then, to hear the ways in which the braver and brighter guitarists re-think the tradition from the ground up and recast it in their own image. Enter guitarist Matthew J. Rolin, who plays as if he was born with a dreadnought in his hands. The Ohio-based guitarist’s artistic leaps in recent years are rivaled only by those of Daniel Bachman, another once-precocious player formerly in the John Fahey / Jack Rose mold who has over the years transcended the idiom to create his own singular, deeply personal music. Rolin’s latest LP, the double album The Dreaming Bridge, makes similar strides.

For many practitioners of this style, the first and perhaps most challenging feat is to escape the gargantuan shadow of Fahey. Some do this by adding other instruments or field recordings to their DADGAD ruminations; some opt to play electric. Of course, Fahey did all of those things, too. Better still to have not been directly influenced by Fahey in the first place: Rolin’s initial embrace of the acoustic guitar was inspired not by Fahey himself, but rather by Fahey-influenced guitarists like polymath Jim O’Rourke and trickster prodigy Ryley Walker.

This vicarious influence is exemplified by Rolin’s distinctive, at times irreverent approach to guitar soli. While the influence of Walker’s nimble 12-string probing is evident on tunes like Rolin’s impressionistic “10:30 AM,” and while the guitarist’s patiently unfolding, contemplative “Weeping Willow” indeed recalls O’Rourke’s masterpiece Happy Days, Rolin remains very much his own man, with his own idiosyncratic approach. This is clear from the first notes of The Dreaming Bridge’s opening track “Pinhole,” which introduces Rolin’s affinity for shimmering, almost choral, reverb, the effect doubling as a compositional element. Similarly, on the overtone-rich “Drown,” Rolin’s virtuosic playing is practically a duet with its own echo, an effect deployed not to obscure, but to buoy. This deep attention to atmosphere serves a crucial function on The Dreaming Bridge, which sparkles throughout with a strident, Zen-like focus

Then there are the tunes themselves. Terrific tunes! Like William Tyler—another possible influence—Rolin, despite largely working from the necessarily limited palette of instrumental solo guitar music, thinks like a songwriter. This more traditional approach can be heard on tracks like “Moonlight” and “Backyard Blues” which follow a compositional logic complete with verses and choruses. Rolin performs these compositions beautifully; as a player he is dexterous and dynamic, with a light and agile touch reminiscent of early Will Ackerman or Alex De Grassi.

Album highlight “Hallucinations” features saxophonist Patrick Shiroishi’s keening, double tracked reed work, which at times simulates the sound of a two violins playing cat and mouse between the stereo channels. Rolin wisely cedes center stage to Shiroishi for the track’s first third, supplying gently supportive arpeggios beneath, before the sax fades and Rolin responds. There is something about the unexpected combination of sax and acoustic guitar—not exactly easy bedfellows—that brings to mind both postmodern chamber ensemble Entourage and progressive new age pluralists Shadowfax.

Rolin is joined by partner and collaborator Jen Powers on the meditative and marvelous “When I Could See,” a painterly duet for two dulcimers (one Appalachian, one hammered) that is as rich and transporting as their excellent duo LP released last year.

“Bells” (not an Albert Ayler cover), a tone poem for singing bowls, crickets, water, and the ringing of various small bells, eventually gives way to the massive sidelong title track. Structured a bit like a canon, “The Dreaming Bridge” inventively and somewhat impishly simulates aspects of post-Takoma guitar music using some unlikely tools: electric guitar, a looper, and various fuzz and distortion pedals. Note the way the tube-rattling distorted guitar begins substituting for the reverberating whole notes that would typically be the job of the thumb in a traditional Travis picking tune. The sidelong piece, its mood somewhere between apocalyptic and oddly triumphal, gradually builds and crests for over 15 minutes before its waves of stoner tumult and slo-mo tremolo twang begin to recede. We are left with nearly three full minutes of the sound of rushing water cascading from rain gutters. It’s as if the guitarist, satisfied with the web he has just spun, has placed his instrument in its case and has stopped to listen to that other music all around us, and invites us to do the same. You’d be wise to accept this challenge, but not before listening to The Dreaming Bridge, an early candidate for one of 2021’s best guitar records, and Rolin’s finest work to date. Keep two eyes on this guy.” - James Toth

[nim-raff]

Pinhole Camera // Camera Obscura

The words Camera Obscura translate to “Dark Room” which is essentially what a pinhole camera is.

A pinhole camera is the most basic type of camera, made from usually a box with a tiny hole in the one side (hence the term "pinhole"). Film or photographic paper is placed on the inside of the box, opposite the hole. Light will then enter through the hole and creates an inverted image on the film.

Images made in this way have been recorded for centuries. Mo Ti, a fifth century B.C.E.  philosopher, observed them, as did Aristotle and Leonardo da Vinci writing in a notebook, “When the images of illuminated objects pass through a small round hole into a very dark room…you will see on paper all those objects in their natural shapes and colours”. However, an physicist and astronomer Alhazen has been credited with inventing the first pinhole camera, he experimented with light and aperture until he could reproduce the effect. The first actual photograph with a pinhole camera was taken in 1850 by Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster.

I also made my own version of a pinhole camera without film in class with a small cardboard box and a bit of foil with a small hole in it.

[100yearoldcomics]

May 14, 1922 Bonus Katzenjammer Kids content! The Captain is a Fine Jumping Jack, from the kids' section of the St. Louis [MO] Star & Times.

DIRECTIONS: Cut out the Captain's body, arms and legs. Make small pin holes through all the double dots on the body, and at the points marked X at the ends of arms and legs; and larger pinholes through the larger dots in the arms and legs. Fold back the side pieces of the body along the white dotted lines. Assemble the parts as shown in the diagram marked A, making the joints as shown in diagram marked B. The upper end of each arma nd leg is to be inserted between the body and the side piece which has been folded back, and fastened in with threads placed through the double pinholes in body and back flap, and the larger holes in each leg and arm. Do not tie the threads too tight or the joints will be stiff. Run a short cord through the pinholes marked X at the tops of the arm pieces and tie it, and another through the pinholes marked X in tops of legs. Tie a longer cord to the middle of each short cord and leave a long end hanging. Now pull the long cord and you will see what a fine jumping-jack the Captain is.

[halftoness]

perspective

although a system of perspective was known to the romans, not until 1413 did Filippo Brunelleschi invent the linear perspective that we know today. 

in this system, objects are foreshortened as they recede into space and lines converge to vanishing points that correspond to the spectator’s viewpoint. Leon Battista Alberti’s treatise On Painting was dedicated to Brunelleschi and provides descriptions for using geometrical linear perspective in picture making.

other artists converted Alberti’s theories into actuality by drawing on a vertical piece of glass while looking through an eyepiece located opposite the center of the pane, establishing a scene through monocular vision. this artificial window was replicated when light passed through a pinhole onto a vertical plane to form an image in the manner noted by Mo Ti.

[hsfor]

P20 Steel

https://www.hsfor.com/p20-steel.html

P20 steel is the plastic die steel of medium-carbon Cr-Mo series imported from the United States. The steel has good machinability and mirror grinding performance, is suitable to make plastic molds, and mold materials for die-casting low-melting-point metal.

 Chemical properties of P20 Steel

 Steel Grade

C

Si

Mn

P

S

Cr

Mo

Cu

P20

0.28-0.40

0.20-0.80

0.60-1.00

≤0.030

≤0.030

    Features of P20 Steel

Vacuum degassing and refining process make pure steel quality, suitable for plastic molds that require polishing or etching.

 Supplied in pre-hardened state, it can be directly used for mold processing without further heat treatment, shortening the production period.

 The microstructure is dense with forging and rolling. No pores and pinhole defects against 100% ultrasonic inspection.

 Machinability and mirror polishing performance.

 Application of P20 Steel

Thermoplastic injection molds, extrusion molds.

 Thermoplastic blow molds.

 Main components of heavy-duty molds.

 Cold-formed structural parts.

 Commonly used in the manufacture of TV cabinet, washing machines, refrigerator inner shells, buckets, etc.

 Car bumper mold.

 More Article

 Cr8Mo2VSi Steel

3Cr17Mo Steel

HANNOVER MESSE 2019 Held During April 1-5 in Germany

Annual Summary and Commendation Conference of Hongsheng Group for 2018

[whoisconradpalmer]

A Review of Miracle of Analogy by Kaja Silverman

Conrad Palmer

Intro to Imaging

The Miracle of Analogy Chapter 1

The History of Photography

In chapter one of The Miracle of Analogy by Kaja Silverman, Silverman tells a descriptive tale of the Camera Obscura taking it back to its earliest days. The camera obscura was first discovered and created by William Henry Fox Talbott and Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, and was originally a darkened chamber with a small aperture through which light entered, bearing a reversed and inverted stream of images that both originated in the external world and analogy it. It was later discovered that this form of photography was already discovered by a Chinese philosopher named Mo Ti. Silverman does a nice job of finding common threads in the worlds of poetry, photography, and philosophy, and tying in prominent figures like Leonardo Da Vinci to seal the deal.  Silverman used a quote by Paul Valery that says, “At first the process [of receiving something] is undergone passively, almost unconsciously, as a vessel lets itself be filled: there is a feeling of slow and pleasurable circulation…” and the quote goes on. I like Valery’s choice in words, especially the way he describes the receiving of something as passive and almost unconscious. I think that’s the best way to describe photography because sometimes we overlook the process of taking a picture, especially when taking pictures digitally, it's easy to forget where we came from with slow exposure and producing pictures from things like the Camera Obscura. I also like this quote because in learning about a new type of photography like pinhole photography and camera obscuras Valery’s choice in words really hits the nails on the head at explaining what it’s like.

[penchang-blog]

Pinhole 2017

Tanda ko pa ang panahon at kung paano mo ako iniwan sa ilalim ng puno at namumuong sama ng langit.

Sakit na naramdaman , sabay na inagos ng tubig paalis sa puso kong sugatan.

Pagbitaw ng iyong kamay at hinding paglingon kung okay lang ba ako.

Hinayaan bumagsak ang butil ng tubig mula sa mga mata na luhaan.

- posted by abigaeldeygabi

[fotoblogas]

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Ilford FP4+ / D76 MO pinhole

[peacefulrestvalley]

30 Question Tag Meme

Rules: Answer 30 questions and tag 30 people. I was tagged by @flyingmintteabag!

1) Nickname: Suze 2) Gender: Female 3) Star sign: Scorpio 4) Height: 5′7″ 5) Time: 13:47 6) Birthday: October 24th 7) Favourite bands: I love music and love so much stuff uhhh. Right now I’ve been playing The National and Portugal. The Man a lot. 8) Favourite solo artists: Ryan Adams right now. 9) Song stuck in my head: “Bloodbuzz Ohio” by the National immediately came to mind when answering #7. 10) Last movie I watched: Oh god I don’t even know.  It would have been a loong time ago.  I am not a movie fan. 11) Last show I watched: Brooklyn 99 12) When did I create my blog: October 2012 (are you for real is this how old this thing is???) https://peacefulrestvalley.tumblr.com/archive/2012/10 13) What do I post: It used to be just game screenshots, then I added Sims stuff when I was locked out of @westrangers. Then I decided to go ahead and post otome stuff since that was basically what I was playing anyway.  So now I think it’s just a hodge-podge of game-related content. 14) Last thing I googled: How to create a pinhole viewer for safely viewing the solar eclipse Monday.  Turns out it is pretty self-explanatory. 15) Do you have other blogs: @catnipton​ is more personal, self-directed interests. 16) Do you get asks? Occasionally for this blog, but not really. 17) Why did you choose this blog name? Peaceful Rest Valley is an area in the game Earthbound that is neither peaceful nor restful (and I’m not convinced it’s a valley, either).  I was going for “gentle” and “wholesome” screenshots. 18) Blogs you are following: TBH I have no idea how to check that. 19) Followers: 353 20) Favourite colours: Red, black, and gold 21) Average hours of sleep: HA HA HA 22) Lucky number: I don’t really have one? 23) Instruments: I used to play the clarinet and piano way back in the day.  I’ve dabbled with the guitar on occasion, but right now currently nothing. 24) What am I wearing: Black leggings with a white over-sized shirt. 25) How many blankets I sleep with: Just a comforter if that.  I can’t stand using the thin sheets.  It’s either comforter or nothing. 26) Dream job: Travel photographer 27) Dream trip: They are all dreams, to be honest.  I’ve had a lifelong case of wanderlust.  But I would love to go back to the Mojave Desert.  Maybe explore New England or the Pacific Coast. 28) Favourite food: Chicken tortilla soup 29) Nationality: American 30) Favourite song now: “All Who Wander Are Not Lost” by the Old 97s

Tagging: @vexedandperplexed, @felina-marlena-vasquez, @redrosemandy, @pastelandfabulous, @rowan-catsandcoffee, @cinnamonteaandbiscuits, @skatahara, @javob, @slow-mo-gal, @jane-runs-fast

Only doing 10 because 30 people is a lot, and I have to go somewhere :(

[astropartigirl]

The Great American Eclipse swept across the nation on August 21, 2017, and it didn’t disappoint. A 70-mile-wide region, stretching from Oregon across to South Carolina, experienced totality—the Sun’s photosphere was entirely covered by the Moon, leaving only the wispy corona visible. The corona, the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere, has a temperature greater than 1,000,000 K; by contrast, the surface of the Sun is only 5,800 K. Yet the reason we can’t see the corona under normal circumstances is because its density is only 10-12  times that of the Sun’s photosphere, so the Sun outshines it. Put the Moon in front of the Sun so that it covers its photosphere entirely, however, and you get this:

Totality, taken at the Johnson farm in Lexington, MO, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Abraham Garcia

WHOA! You can clearly see the wispy features of the corona in this photo.

What follows is a whole lot of eclipse images, phone pics, professional photographs, videos, partial eclipse photos, photos of totality, the diamond ring, Baily’s beads, you name it! So buckle up, this is one heck of a Great American Eclipse ride!

Not everyone got to see totality, but the images are nevertheless stunning! My brother and actor Dylan Ramsey took some photos, and video! Here’s one he took in Los Angeles through solar shades:

Partial Solar Eclipse as seen in Los Angeles, CA, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Dylan Ramsey Official Website: dylanramsey.com IG: @dylanramsey Twitter: @dylan_ramsey

And here’s a 45 minute time lapse he took at about 10 AM PDT:

Time Lapse of Partial Solar Eclipse as seen in Los Angeles, CA, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Dylan Ramsey Official Website: dylanramsey.com IG: @dylanramsey Twitter: @dylan_ramsey

And another, by my friend Divya Persaud:

Partial Eclipse as seen from New Jersey on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Divya M. Persaud Website: divyampersaud.wordpress.com

And here are two photos taken in Texas by Logan Kane:

Partial eclipse as seen in El Paso, Texas on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Logan A. Kane Twitter: @LoganAKane

This one is particularly nice, because of the silhouette:

Partial Eclipse in Rochester, NY, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Shawn Dowd Twitter: @sdowdphoto

There were also events held around the country! One was at my school, UC Irvine, and was organized by my friends and colleagues, UCI Physics and Astronomy grad students Katy Wimberly and Arianna Brown! Here are a few photos from the event:

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Photos of the event taken by @UCIPhysAstro. Photos of eclipse taken by Astronomouse Twitter: @Astronomouse_ IG: @Astronomouse Facebook: Astronomouse

What great work by Katy and Arianna, the event drew in over 1000 people to watch the eclipse!!

Before we get to some totality photos (we all want those, right?!), let’s look at this cool effect that happens as an eclipse progresses and the Sun’s light shines through tree leaves:

Solar Eclipse projected through leaves in Carbondale, IL on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Kathy Kerner Twitter: @KeikoGoblyn IG: @keikogoblyn

Solar eclipse projected through leaves on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Edward Clark Twitter: @Paladin1969

The leaves of a tree act as pinhole projectors, and because there are so many leaves, you have solar eclipse projector-ville at your feet! Really neat.

Now, totality!! And there are plenty of magnificent ones you’re about to see. Here are a couple of videos:

Totality, as viewed from Nashville, TN on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Dominic Arzon Twitter: @physicedom

Totality in Madisonville, KY, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Dan Broadbent Twitter: @aSciEnthusiast

The beauty of videos is that you get to hear the crowd’s excitement! Nothing better than hearing people being thrilled about astronomy.

Now, onto some photos! Here’s a nice one:

Totality during the Great American Eclipse, Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Austin Evans Twitter: @austinnotduncan

And another one: 

Totality as seen from Gallatin, TN on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Sarah DeMarco, PsyD

And this one was taken by my friend Kathy Kerner:

Totality, in Carbondale, IL, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Kathy Kerner Twitter: @KeikoGoblyn IG: @keikogoblyn

But wait for it: Kathy and her friend Nicole Kwapis got to see that spectacular diamond ring we all love so much! Here it is:

Diamond Ring during totality, in Carbondale, IL, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Nicole Kwapis Twitter: @QueenCoeurl

More diamond rings? But of course! Here’s another:

Diamond ring as seen during totality in Glendo, WY. Credit: James Dougherty Twitter: @DoughertyKMGH

And another, because WOW:

Diamond Ring during totality in Sylva, NC, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: lhutton Twitter: @lhutton

But we also have Baily’s Beads! Here’s a photo of Baily’s beads almost going into a diamond ring:

Baily’s Beads approaching a Diamond Ring, as seen in Weiser, ID, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Stephen Shankland Flickr: Shankrad

And these were taken by my friend, space enthusiast, and graphic designer Jason Major (who processes some of the best space photos, by the way):

Baily’s beads moving into the diamond ring in Charleston, SC, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Jason Major Twitter: @JPMajor Blog: Lights in the Dark

More Baily’s beads here:

Baily’s Beads with solar prominences as seen in Charleston, SC, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Jason Major Twitter: @JPMajor Blog: Lights in the Dark

Of course we can also bask in the Sun’s corona, as we did in the first photo:

Baily’s Beads with solar prominences as seen in Charleston, SC, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Jason Major Twitter: @JPMajor Blog: Lights in the Dark

The added visibility of solar prominences in Jason’s photos are just spectacular! Here’s another photo that shows off the Sun’s corona, and also features prominences:

Solar corona visible during totality in Fort Fetterman Historic Site, WY, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Astronomy Live

Bear in mind: solar prominences can get really high—several Earth diameters above the Sun’s surface! The in the above photo at 3 o’clock looks like the same one in Jason’s at 4 o’clock; performing a crude measurement, and using the fact that the Sun has a diameter of 1.39 million km, or about 865,000 miles, I estimate that prominence to be about 54,500 km, or 33,900 miles, high—that’s over four Earth diameters! Isn’t our solar system’s star wonderful?

Now, back to the eclipse. Some had cloudy skies, but that didn’t get in the way of the exquisite spectacle that was the eclipse:

Totality through clouds on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Mark Benson Twitter: @WaysideWriter

And a time lapse of totality:

Time lapse of totality as seen in Casper, WY on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: César Cantú Facebook: César Cantú Website: astrocolors

And, saving the best for last: my friend and planetary scientist Tanya Harrison got to experience the moment from Alaska Airlines!

Totality from 38,000 feet above, and 800 miles off the coast of Oregon, on Aug 21, 2017. Credit: Tanya Harrison Twitter: @tanyaofmars Website: Tanya Of Mars

No matter where you were, if you saw this eclipse, you experienced a moment that you shared with millions of people, a moment in which nothing mattered, nothing but basking in the glory of science, and chance, making it possible for us to be able to view something so spectacular from our planet. Cherish that moment—it was beautiful.

The #GreatAmericanEclipse has swept the nation, and the images are breathtaking! #Eclipse2017 The Great American Eclipse swept across the nation on August 21, 2017, and it didn't disappoint. A 70-mile-wide region, stretching from Oregon across to South Carolina, experienced totality---the Sun's photosphere was entirely covered by the Moon, leaving only the wispy corona visible.

[abdito]

Still figuring out how to make effective use of the pinhole camera—chiefly, remembering to advance the film. Luckily, experimentation and happy accidents are close cousins. (Double exposure, at Sequiota Park, Springfield, Mo.)