#Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

[drforambhuta]

The common types of hereditary cancer syndromes include:

1. Inherited Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC): HBOC primarily stems from mutations within the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Females carrying these genetic alterations face notably heightened risks of breast and ovarian malignancies. Furthermore, BRCA mutations correlate with elevated susceptibilities to other cancers, such as prostate, pancreatic, and male breast cancer.

2. Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer, HNPCC): Lynch syndrome arises from mutations affecting genes responsible for DNA mismatch repair, notably MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Those with Lynch syndrome exhibit increased predispositions to colorectal cancer, alongside risks of endometrial, ovarian, gastric, and urinary tract cancers.

3. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): FAP manifests with the proliferation of numerous polyps within the colon and rectum, which pose a cancer risk if untreated. Primarily linked to mutations in the APC gene, FAP substantially heightens the likelihood of early-onset colorectal cancer.

4. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS): LFS, a rare hereditary cancer syndrome, arises from mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Individuals with LFS confront elevated lifetime risks of various cancers, including breast cancer, sarcomas, brain tumors, and adrenal gland tumors, often occurring at a young age.

5. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC): HDGC entails an escalated susceptibility to diffuse gastric cancer, characterized by infiltration of the stomach wall. This predisposition predominantly results from mutations in the CDH1 gene, which encodes a protein crucial for cell adhesion.

6. Cowden Syndrome (CS): CS stems from mutations in the PTEN gene and is typified by multiple noncancerous hamartomas, alongside heightened risks of developing diverse cancers, such as breast, thyroid, and endometrial cancers.

7. Hereditary Retinoblastoma (RB1): Hereditary retinoblastoma arises from mutations in the RB1 gene, leading to the formation of cancerous tumors in the retina, typically emerging in early childhood.

8. Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome (VHL): VHL arises from mutations in the VHL gene and is characterized by the development of tumors and cysts in various organs, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and central nervous system.

If you have a family history of cancer, you should undergo regular cancer screenings for the early detection and management of cancer. You can undergo a regular full body health checkup at Jaslok Hospital Mumbai, which is one of the best hospitals in Mumbai for cancer screening and treatment.

[chimaerakitten]

Malaria, Sickle-Cell, and Dragons in the Temeraire Universe

so I've been thinking about sickle cell all day because of the very cool real-life FDA crispr treatment approval news, and also I'm just about done rereading empire of ivory so thusly it is time to write the sickle cell/malaria/dragons/benefits of human-dragon mutualism breakdown I mentioned ages ago.

Standard disclaimer that I am not in fact anywhere near an expert on this, this is mostly recall from ANTH 102/215 classes I took five years ago, the info is very simplified and possibly somewhat out of date. I'm doing some quick checks and I write this but only enough to make this an appropriate fantasy novel fandom post, not enough to make it actually reliably informative. I do have a couple citations, but mostly for the parts I'm lifting straight out of a class assignment I wrote, and they're a short documentary hosted on YouTube and the textbook for the class. also none of my links are live because I want this fandom post to actually show up in the fandom tag lol.

second disclaimer is I'm starting at the basic obvious stuff because I genuinely have no idea how much most people know about this and better safe than confusing.

Intro and Background

So the first thing to know about any of this is that human genetics for the most part to not operate on mendelian inheritance. So the punnet squares in high school biology that did human hair or eye color as basic dominant/recessive one-gene traits were totally lying to you. Like they're a teaching tool for a very simple model that works well enough but they're not accurate. Most human phenotypes are way way more complicated genetically than that.

That said, there are exceptions. Mendelian traits (Characteristics that are influenced by alles at only one genetic locus) do exist in humans, a number of them being related to genetic diseases. The list in the ANTH 102 notes I just dug up was: Wet (dominant) or dry Earwax; Albinism; Brachydactyly (dominant); Blood type (ABO, not the positive/negative part); Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA-1, BRCA-2, unknown genes); Huntington’s disease; Lactase persistence (dominant); and Sickle-cell disease (recessive).

So the sickle cell punnet square looks like this for two parents who both have one copy of the sickle cell gene:

Sickle cell is a very painful and life threatening disease, (That's why the FDA approving a crispr treatment for it allowing patients to be their own bone marrow donors is very exciting.) and from an evolutionary perspective, one that very often prevents people from reproducing. It's also not strictly dominant/recessive, in that people heterozygous for sickle cell can have some symptoms like the possibility a sickle-cell crisis triggered in low-oxygen situations (high altitudes, intense exercise, etc).

So one might think that Sickle cell would be a vanishingly rare disease, since having it can be deadly and even having the trait can in some cases cause problems. Only it's not rare by genetically inherited disease standards, not at all.

And to make a long story very short, the reason is malaria.

Malaria

People who are heterozygous (possessing one sickle cell gene and one normal gene) for sickle cell anemia are resistant to malaria. In areas of the world without a high incidence of malaria historically, there is a strong selection against the sickle cell gene, (Biointeractive Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia, 9:33) but in areas with malaria, both having sickle cell disease (homozygous HbSS) and not having the trait at all (homozygous HbAA) are selected against. People with sickle cell were historically less likely to reproduce, and people who were not resistant to malaria were more likely to die of malaria and also not reproduce. Because being heterozygous with sickle cell is selected for, the gene persists in the population.

The implications of that are best summed up from this map that I just stole from Britannica.com:

I dunno if the percentages on that second one are accurate tbh, other infographic maps I'm looking at give different ranges. but sill, you get the gist about how common it is in equatorial Africa. In the modern United States Black children are much much more likely to be born with sickle cell than white children—the genes don't just go away when the threat of malaria is removed. (And yeah, that's a historical consequence of the slave trade.)

There's some other stuff wrapped up in here too about bio-cultural evolution: There's indications that malaria was not a “significant problem until humans abandoned food foraging for farming” (Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., Walrath, D., & McBride, B.). Humans cleared away the forest, which had kept the soil absorbent. Without the vegetation, more water built up on the surface, forming stagnant puddles which were a perfect environment for malaria-causing mosquitoes to thrive, thus creating the conditions for sickle cell anemia to be advantageous. Farming creates caloric surplus which is great for humans, but it also changes the environment in ways that can be detrimental. Malaria is one way, creating the conditions for other epidemic diseases to thrive is another, etc. etc.

But if you've read this far you're probably going "Chi, you promised this would be a fandom post but so far this has been a serious and kind of sad post about disease. when are you going to get to the dragons?"

The Dragons

So the first time malaria comes up in the Temeraire books is in Throne of Jade, when a bunch of the sailors on the Allegiance come down with "malarial Fevers."

Jane, I must ask you to forgive the long gap in this Letter, and the few hasty Words that are all by which I can amend the same now. I have not had Leisure to take up my pen these three weeks—since we passed out of Banka Strait we have been much afflicted by malarial Fevers. I have escaped sickness myself, and most of my men, for which Keynes opines we must be grateful to Temeraire, believing that the heat of his body in some wise dispels the Miasmas which cause the ague, and our close association thus affords some protection. But we have been spared only to increase of Labor: Captain Riley has been confined to his bed since almost the very first, and Lord Purbeck falling ill, I have stood watch in turn with the ship’s third and fourth lieutenants, Franks and Beckett. Both are willing young men, and Franks does his best, but is by no means yet prepared for the Duty of overseeing so vast a Ship as the Allegiance, nor to maintain discipline among her Crew—stammers, I am sorry to say, which explains his seeming Rudeness at table, which I had earlier remarked upon.

I do not know enough about what people thought about malaria in the 19th century to be 100% sure that this is actually malaria, but I think Novik wouldn't want to confuse her readers by calling something malarial that isn't you know..malaria. So I'm going to assume thats what it is. Google is not giving me figures on malaria survival rates before modern medicines for it which is driving me kind of nuts and means I can't say how lucky Riley and Purbeck were to survive with apparently no complications, but that's not the point here anyway. The point is the comment about the aviators not getting sick.

And not only (mostly) not getting sick, but not getting sick even though they aren't actually always near Temeraire. Laurence for example has been working watch shifts near constantly because he's the only one left on the ship who knows what he's doing. That means probably less read & cuddle time than is normal for him and Temeraire, and yet—no malaria.

We modern readers (and Novik) know that malaria is not caused by "miasmas" but by parasites carried by mosquitos. And lo and behold when we get to Empire of Ivory we get:

Mosquitoes sang happily as dusk drew on, though they did not come very close to Temeraire; the flies were less judicious. The shapes of the trees were growing vague when Temeraire woke with a start and said, “Laurence, there is someone coming, there,” and the grass rustled on the opposite bank.

So yeah, the dragons are keeping the mosquitos away. I know fuck all about why—it's probably not heat since you know, mosquitos like warm blooded organisms, but maybe it's an oil or a chemical or some artifact of the way some of them can breathe fire that's present in all dragons or something, they're described as smelling weird a few times, so who knows. If it's a substance like an oil in their skin that could explain why the aviators don't get sick even when they're not nearby, since they could have some on them from contact, but that's just speculation. The point is not the mechanism, just that it's happening.

The Point

This whole post grew out of a throwaway comment I made about the benefits of mutualistic symbiosis with dragons from the human perspective in that one post about how the series has some interesting stuff obviously going on psychologically/biologically. The point of going in-depth on malaria and sickle cell is to show how this is really impressively solid worldbuilding in relation to the Tswana.

See, Empire of Ivory describes locations that seem like they're in modern day Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia, regions which will have had long-term problems with malaria-causing mosquitos. That's not the densest area for sickle cell, but still definitely in the region where malaria would have exerted selective pressure.

Selective pressure which, in a universe where just being around a dragon is going to drastically reduce malaria rates, is going to leave dragon-friendly populations a lot healthier than dragon-unfriendly ones. A community that has a dragon stay every night and work alongside humans during the day is going to have a lot less malaria even without the sickle cell resistance than a community which has no dragon. And considering that malaria is bad enough that sickle cell genes persist despite it also having a high chance to cause a deadly disease, whereas a dragon that's a fully prosocial member of the community is not going to cause more death and instead will probably help with defense and create more caloric surplus (at the cost of consuming most of that surplus) a dragon is just obviously the better option. From there, it's extremely easy to see how the Tswana in the series could develop such a dragon-centric culture and have it be so wildly successful. The dragons provide fertilizer, the dragons allow for fully domesticated elephants, and the dragons render malaria—one of the deadliest diseases in history—nearly a nonissue. Of course they're family.

Citations:

Biointeractive. (2014, August 26). Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia - HHMI BioInteractive Video. Retrieved October 3, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zsbhvl2nVNE

Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., Walrath, D., & McBride, B. (2017). Anthropology: The Human Challenge (15th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.

[drchmohanavamsy]

Genetic Screening for HBOC | Hereditary Breast & Ovarian Cancer

Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC) raises breast and ovarian cancer risk due to BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Learn more about prevention.

[jeanmarielivi]

Some Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the ovaries, hence its name. While it is not as common as breast or uterine cancer, ovarian cancer is typically more severe. Certain factors can significantly increase one's risk of developing ovarian cancer. Following are three major risk factors for the disease.

One common risk factor for ovarian cancer is age. The risk increases with age, with women under 40 being less likely to develop the condition compared to older women. Most ovarian cancers occur after menopause, and more than 50 percent of diagnosed cases are in women over 63 years old.

Obesity is another common risk factor for ovarian cancer. Apart from ovarian cancer, obesity is linked to various other types of cancer. Women with a body mass index (BMI) over 30 are at a higher risk of ovarian cancer.

Additionally, ovarian cancer can be hereditary, meaning it can run in families. People with a family history of ovarian cancer are at an increased risk of developing the condition due to genetic mutations that can be passed from parent to child.

[drdodulmondal]

What are the Most Common Genetic Cancer Syndromes?

Hereditary cancer syndromes like HBOC, Lynch Syndrome, FAP, LFS, and MEN1 result from genetic mutations, increasing cancer risks. HBOC (BRCA1/BRCA2) raises breast and ovarian cancer risks. Lynch Syndrome (MLH1, MSH2) heightens colorectal cancer risks. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of Consulting the Best Radiation Doctor in Delhi for expert Guidance and Personalized care.

[gsuniversityofficial]

Family History and Genetic Testing Assist in Determining Cancer Risk

Family history and genetic testing play a major role in determining cancer risk. Yes! This may sound quite unusual at times as cancer can happen to anyone at any point in time due to the high prevalence of environmental factors. However, as per research, it has been confirmed that the genetic cause of cancer puts you under the high-risk category.

In this context, GS Cancer Hospital Ghaziabad, the best cancer hospital in Hapur aims to spread awareness amongst their patients about the importance of family history and genetic testing to assist in determining high-risk cancer cases. Apart from providing excellent care and medical services with a team of the best oncologists in Meerut, the hospital also offers preventive cancer care.

In this blog, we shall unleash the importance of family history and genetic testing to assist in determining cancer risk. Let’s begin

What is Genetic Testing for Cancer?

Gene mutations play an important role in determining high-risk cases of cancer. These gene mutations are changes in the DNA of the cells that occur during a person’s lifetime.

In simple words, many changes take place in the cellular cycle as every individual grows. Moreover, the majority of the genes are considered familial genes which are derived from either parents or ancestors. One such gene mutation that can be detected through DNA or genetic testing is the cancer gene.

If you have a family history of cancer, undergoing genetic testing can help to confirm inherited cancer genes. If genetic testing reveals a hereditary mutation of the cancer gene, you are at high risk of developing cancer. Positive genetic testing for cancer helps you to work on lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of cancer in the future allowing you to stay healthy.

Before you plan to get genetic testing done for cancer, it is recommended to speak to your oncologist who will take a detailed case consultation to check for the need for genetic testing.

Importance of family history and genetic testing in cancer

Detailed case consultation for cancer analysis is a must with your doctor. Knowing about one’s family history helps to lower the risk and prevent cancer. Genetic testing for cancer is an essential tool that helps in detecting high-risk cancer cases.

Accordingly, diagnosis and management of cancer can be done with timely screenings, routine check-ups, and lifestyle modifications at an early age to prevent cancer. A genetic evaluation of cancer can be done through detailed family history, past medical history, and genetic testing.

Hereditary forms of cancers

Many cancers are caused by hereditary mutations which are as follows-

Breast cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Lung cancer

Uterine cancer

Colon cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Prostate cancer

Thyroid cancer

Stomach cancer

Kidney cancer

Well, it is important to know that not all cancers are hereditary. Many are also caused due to environmental factors that act as potential triggers for the recurrence of cancer.

When is genetic testing for cancer recommended?

Genetic testing for cancer is recommended mainly by your doctor based on his detailed case consultation. Here are some of the following recommendations for genetic testing of cancer-

Age - If you are diagnosed with cancer in the early stage of life or at a young age

Complications- If you have multiple types of cancers due to metastasis

Extent of cancer- If you have cancer in bilateral organs such as bilateral breast or kidney

Family history of cancer which includes biological parents and siblings

Ancestral history of cancer in multiple family members

Inherited cancer syndromes such as neurofibromatosis 

These are certain factors for genetic testing to determine cancer. However, your oncologist is the best judge who will guide you for the genetic testing for cancer after determining your case history.

Types of genetic testing for cancer

Here are the different types of genetic tests for cancer as advised by your doctor.

Single mutation genetic testing

This test mainly involves looking out for certain changes in specific areas of a particular gene. It is done for multiple family members to check for high-risk specific cancer cases.

Single gene testing

This test involves the check on the entire DNA of the specific gene for cancer.

Panel genetic testing

This involves testing mutations in several genes.

Procedure for genetic testing

The procedure for genetic testing is as follows-

First step: A detailed case consultation with your doctor

Second step: Genetic counseling is a must before genetic testing trained genetic counselors will also guide you through the procedure.

These two initial steps are very important before you decide on genetic testing. It will help guide you through the following:

Appropriate genetic testing suggestive as per your case

A detailed explanation of specific genetic tests according to your case as per your doctor

The pros and cons of genetic testing

The importance of genetic testing in your case to avoid future complications

The positive impact of genetic testing on family members and children

Genetic test results and thorough guidance for prevention by your doctor.

Advantages of family history and genetic testing for cancer

The advantages of knowing family history and genetic testing for cancer are as follows-

To know about the high-risk category cancer cases and take adequate measures

To know about regular timely screening promptly with your doctor’s recommendation

Take considered medicines as per your doctor to lower the risk of cancer

To reduce the risk of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery in the future

Genetic testing helps protect family members to prevent cancer in future

Preventing complications of cancer in existing cases of cancer

Prevention of passing on hereditary mutation to their biological children by taking necessary steps.

Disadvantages of genetic testing

The disadvantages of the genetic testing are as follows-

Fear of developing cancer in the future

If the genetic testing is positive, it is important to inform your family members about the possibility of the presence of a cancer gene

Genetic tests may show variations of genes at some stages

The presence of inherited cancers may be worrisome affecting the quality of life

If you have been positive for genetic testing, then your doctor will provide you with the necessary cancer prevention-centric treatment with a personalized approach as per your case.

A Note of Care by GS Hospital

GS Hospital, the best cancer hospital in Ghaziabad believes in the mantra of “Prevention is better than cure.” Moreover, the hospital advocates the importance of detecting cancer at early stages for better prognosis and recovery. Along with this, the hospital has taken over an important mission for a cancer awareness program through family history and genetic testing which will help assist the oncology team to determine high-risk cases of cancer. This will help prevent and reduce the risk of causing cancer for a better future and maintain the good health of the patients. GS Hospital is known to be the best cancer specialist in Ghaziabad for its high-end expertise in cancer cases. The hospital takes forward the mission to eradicate cancer nationwide to live a happy, healthy, and beautiful life.

[oncologistseemasingh]

Ovarian Cancer: Quick Facts for Awareness

When it comes to ovarian cancer, all women face some risk, with about 1 in 70 developing the disease in their lifetime. While the exact cause of ovarian cancer isn't clear, certain factors can increase or decrease a woman's chances of getting it.

Around 10 to 15 percent of women with ovarian cancer have a genetic tendency for the disease. The most important risk factor here is an inherited mutation in one or both of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, often known as breast cancer genes. These genes contribute to about 5 to 10 percent of all ovarian cancers. For those seeking the best doctor for ovarian cancer in Delhi, it's essential to find a specialist who understands these risk factors and can provide appropriate care and guidance. Look for doctors who have experience in managing hereditary ovarian cancer cases and who can offer personalized treatment options. Consulting with a specialist can help you understand your risk and receive the best possible care for ovarian cancer.

[drnishamangal]

What are the different types of cancer screening tests?

Comprehensive Guide to Cancer Screening Tests by Dr. Nisha Mangal: Best Gynecologist in Jaipur

As a leading gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon in Jaipur, Dr. Nisha Mangal prioritizes comprehensive women’s health care, including cancer screenings. At the Fertility IUI Center in Malviya Nagar Jaipur, Dr. Nisha Mangal specializes in fertility treatments, high-risk pregnancies, and gynecological concerns. Understanding the importance of early detection, Dr. Nisha Mangal provides insights into the various types of cancer screening tests recommended for women in Jaipur.

1. Pap Smear: Pap smear, also known as Pap test, is a vital screening tool for cervical cancer. Dr. Nisha Mangal, as a dedicated gynecologist in Jaipur, emphasizes the significance of regular Pap smears for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Through this test, abnormalities or precancerous changes in cervical cells can be identified and addressed promptly.

2. Mammography: Mammography remains the primary screening method for breast cancer. Dr. Nisha Mangal, recognized as the best gynecologist in Jaipur, recommends mammograms for women, particularly those over 40 or with a family history of breast cancer. Early detection through mammography can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates.

3. Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy is essential for colorectal cancer screening. Dr. Nisha Mangal, a laparoscopic gynecologist in Jaipur, stresses the importance of colonoscopies, especially for individuals over 50 or with a family history of colorectal cancer. Timely detection of polyps or abnormal growths in the colon can lead to early intervention and prevention of cancer development.

4. HPV Testing: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is often conducted alongside Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer. Dr. Nisha Mangal, a pregnancy and maternity specialist in Jaipur, recommends HPV testing for women aged 30 and older. This test helps identify high-risk HPV strains associated with cervical cancer, allowing for proactive management and follow-up care.

5. Genetic Testing: Genetic testing plays a crucial role in identifying inherited mutations predisposing individuals to certain cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer. Dr. Nisha Mangal, an infertility specialist in Jaipur, may recommend genetic testing for individuals with a family history of hereditary cancer syndromes. Personalized risk assessment and preventive measures can be implemented based on genetic test results.

6. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: For men, the PSA test is used to screen for prostate cancer. Dr. Nisha Mangal, a renowned gynecologist in Jaipur, acknowledges the importance of prostate cancer screening, particularly for men over 50 or with risk factors such as family history. Early detection through PSA testing enables timely intervention and improved outcomes.

As the leading gynecologist in Malviya Nagar Jaipur, Dr. Nisha Mangal is committed to promoting women’s health and well-being. Whether it’s managing high-risk pregnancies, providing PCOD/PCOS treatment, or offering infertility solutions, Dr. Nisha Mangal delivers personalized care tailored to each patient’s needs. For comprehensive cancer screenings and expert gynecological care in Jaipur, trust Dr. Nisha Mangal and her dedicated team.

To schedule a consultation or learn more about cancer screening tests, contact Dr. Nisha Mangal, the best gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon in Jaipur. Your health is our priority.

[decentralvaccine]

UPENN Trials Cancer Vaccine On Healthy People

Sara Walker was a healthy 39-year-old when she had both her breasts and her fallopian tubes removed to guard against the hereditary cancer that killed her mother and grandmother.

Since then, she has gone roughly every six months for an invasive ultrasound to screen her ovaries, and she will have them removed this year. She follows every recommendation for women like her, who carry a gene mutation associated with a 70% chance of developing breast or ovarian cancer. The mutation prevents the BRCA gene from performing its watchdog role to keep cell growth in check.

Now Walker is volunteering to test a vaccine developed by the University of Pennsylvania and Plymouth Meeting-based Inovio Pharmaceuticals that could spare thousands with the gene mutation from cancer.

[novelsmini]

Ovarian cancer also known as Silent Killer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries

  Ovarian cancer(SILENT KILLER)-

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs (ova) and hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer is a relatively rare but serious and often fatal cancer, as it is often detected at an advanced stage.

Here is some detailed information about ovarian cancer:

Types of Ovarian Cancer:

1. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC): This is the most common type, accounting for about 90% of all ovarian cancers. It starts in the cells that cover the surface of the ovary.

2. Stromal Cell Tumors: These tumors originate in the ovarian tissue that produces hormones. They are less common than epithelial tumors.

3. Germ Cell Tumors: These tumors develop in the egg-producing cells of the ovary and are more common in younger women.

Risk Factors:(Causes)-

The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not fully understood, and it often develops without a clear explanation. However, several risk factors have been identified that may increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. It's important to note that having one or more risk factors does not guarantee the development of ovarian cancer, and many women with ovarian cancer have no known risk factors. Here are some factors associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer:

1. Age: Ovarian cancer is more common in older women. The risk increases with age, and it is most frequently diagnosed in women over the age of 63.

2. Family History: A family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer can elevate the risk. Women with first-degree relatives (mother, sister, or daughter) who have had ovarian cancer may be at a higher risk.

3. Inherited Gene Mutations: Mutations in specific genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Women with these genetic mutations have a higher likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.

4. Personal History of Cancer: Women who have had breast, uterine, or colorectal cancer may face a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer.

5. Inherited Lynch Syndrome: Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited condition associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

6. Endometriosis: Women with endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, may have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.

7. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Prolonged use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause may be associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

8. Never Having Been Pregnant: Women who have never been pregnant may have a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer.

9. Talcum Powder Use: Some studies have suggested a potential link between the use of talcum powder in the genital area and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. However, the evidence is not conclusive, and more research is needed to establish a definitive connection.

It's essential to understand that while these factors may increase the risk, many women diagnosed with ovarian cancer have no known risk factors. Additionally, researchers continue to investigate the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of ovarian cancer.

Regular gynecological check-ups, awareness of symptoms, and discussions with healthcare providers about individual risk factors are crucial for early detection and effective management of ovarian cancer. If you have concerns about your risk or family history, consider seeking genetic counseling to better understand your individual situation.

Symptoms:

- Ovarian cancer is often called the 'silent killer ' because early-stage symptoms may be subtle.

- Common symptoms include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and frequent urination.

Ovarian cancer is often referred to as the "silent killer" because symptoms may not be apparent in the early stages, and when they do appear, they can be subtle and easily overlooked. However, it's important to be aware of potential signs and symptoms. If you experience persistent or worsening symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include:

1. Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: Persistent discomfort or pain in the abdomen or pelvis that is not related to menstruation or normal digestive issues.

2 Bloating: Unexplained and persistent bloating, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms.

3. Difficulty Eating or Feeling Full Quickly: Changes in appetite, difficulty eating, or a feeling of fullness even after consuming small amounts of food.

4. Frequent or Urgent Urination: Increased frequency of urination, especially if it is accompanied by a sense of urgency.

5. Changes in Bowel Habits: Any significant changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, that persist for an extended period.

6. Unexplained Weight Loss: A noticeable and unexplained weight loss, especially if it occurs rapidly.

7. Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or low energy levels that are not alleviated by rest.

8. Back Pain: Pain in the lower back can be a symptom, although it is less specific and can be caused by various conditions.

It's important to note that these symptoms can be caused by various conditions, and experiencing them does not necessarily mean you have ovarian cancer. However, if these symptoms are persistent, frequent, and unrelated to other known health issues, it is essential to seek medical attention for a thorough evaluation.

Furthermore, ovarian cancer is more common in older women, and women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer may have an increased risk. If you are at a higher risk due to family history or other factors, it is advisable to discuss appropriate screening measures with your healthcare provider.

Early detection of ovarian cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes. If you suspect any symptoms or have concerns about your health, consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Regular gynecological check-ups are crucial for women's health, especially for those at higher risk.

Diagnosis:

- No routine screening test is available for ovarian cancer, making early detection challenging.

- Diagnosis often involves a combination of physical exams, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scans), and blood tests (CA-125 tumor marker).

Treatment:

- Surgery is a common treatment for ovarian cancer, involving the removal of the tumor and affected tissues.

- Chemotherapy is often used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.

- Radiation therapy may be used in specific cases.

Prognosis:

- Prognosis depends on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed. Early detection generally leads to better outcomes.

- Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making it challenging to treat.

Prevention:

- There is no foolproof way to prevent ovarian cancer, but factors such as oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, and breastfeeding may reduce the risk.

- Regular check-ups and awareness of symptoms are crucial for early detection.

Preventing ovarian cancer involves adopting certain lifestyle choices and, in some cases, considering risk-reducing measures, particularly for individuals with a family history or other risk factors. It's important to note that while these strategies may help reduce the risk, they do not guarantee complete prevention. Here are some general guidelines for ovarian cancer prevention:

1. Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills): Long-term use of oral contraceptives has been associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Discuss the potential benefits and risks with your healthcare provider.

2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The number of pregnancies a woman has and the duration of breastfeeding may influence ovarian cancer risk. Women who have had multiple pregnancies and breastfeeding experiences may have a lower risk.

3. Tubal Ligation and Hysterectomy: Surgical procedures like tubal ligation (having your tubes tied) and hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) have been associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. However, these procedures are typically done for other medical reasons and are not recommended solely for ovarian cancer prevention.

4. Healthy Diet: Adopting a healthy and balanced diet may contribute to overall well-being and potentially reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars.

5. Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in regular physical activity has been linked to a lower risk of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

6. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of diet and exercise can be beneficial.

7. Avoiding Talcum Powder in the Genital Area: Some studies have suggested a possible link between the use of talcum powder in the genital area and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. While more research is needed to establish a definitive connection, if concerned, you may choose to avoid using talcum powder in this area.

8. Genetic Counseling and Testing: If you have a family history of ovarian cancer or other related cancers, genetic counseling and testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations may be considered. Identifying these mutations can help assess the risk and guide preventive measures.

It's important to note that there is no foolproof way to prevent ovarian cancer, and the effectiveness of some preventive strategies may vary from person to person. Regular gynecological check-ups and discussions with healthcare providers are essential, especially for individuals with an increased risk. If you have concerns about ovarian cancer prevention or your individual risk, consult with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized guidance based on your health history and family background.

If you suspect any symptoms or have concerns about ovarian cancer, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Regular gynecological check-ups are important for women, especially those with risk factors or a family history of ovarian cancer.

World Ovarian Cancer Day( 8th May)-

World Ovarian Cancer Day is an annual global awareness initiative dedicated to raising awareness about ovarian cancer, educating the public, and advocating for improved resources for prevention, early detection, and treatment. The day is observed on May 8th each year. Here is some detailed information about World Ovarian Cancer Day:

Objective:

The primary objectives of World Ovarian Cancer Day include:

1. Raising Awareness: The day aims to increase public understanding of ovarian cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of early detection.

2. Providing Information: World Ovarian Cancer Day serves as an opportunity to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information about ovarian cancer to the public, healthcare professionals, and policymakers.

3. Supporting Patients: The day is a platform to show solidarity with those who are currently battling ovarian cancer, as well as to honor and remember those who have lost their lives to the disease.

4. Advocating for Resources: Advocacy efforts on this day focus on urging governments, healthcare organizations, and communities to allocate resources for research, improved diagnostics, and better treatment options for ovarian cancer.

History:

World Ovarian Cancer Day was first established in 2013. It is a collaborative effort led by ovarian cancer advocacy organizations, healthcare professionals, and individuals affected by ovarian cancer from around the world. The initiative was created to address the lack of awareness about ovarian cancer compared to other cancers and to emphasize the importance of early detection.

Activities and Initiatives:

1. Educational Campaigns: Organizations and individuals participate in various educational initiatives, including distributing information about ovarian cancer symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures.

2. Community Outreach: Local events such as seminars, workshops, and health fairs are organized to engage communities and provide them with opportunities to learn more about ovarian cancer.

3. Social Media Campaigns: Advocates often use social media platforms to share information, personal stories, and messages of support. The hashtag #WorldOvarianCancerDay may be used to amplify the campaign's reach.

4. Fundraising Events: Many organizations use this day to raise funds for ovarian cancer research, support programs, and patient advocacy.

5. Wearing Teal: Teal is the designated color for ovarian cancer awareness. Supporters are encouraged to wear teal clothing or accessories to show solidarity and raise awareness.

Teal Ribbon:

The teal ribbon is the international symbol for ovarian cancer awareness. It is prominently featured during World Ovarian Cancer Day and throughout the month of May, which is recognized as Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month in various countries.

Participation in World Ovarian Cancer Day  is open to individuals, healthcare professionals, advocacy groups, and organizations around the world. By uniting efforts on this day, the hope is to make significant strides in raising awareness and improving outcomes for those affected by ovarian cancer.

[drarohitasgaonkar]

Ovarian Tumor Treatment in Thane | Dr. Arohi Tasgaonkar

What is Ovarian tumor?

Ovarian cancer refers to the cancerous growth that starts in the ovaries. It is the third most frequent kind of cancer in Indian women. However, it is one of the cancers that are detected in the later stages when they are relatively challenging to treat. With age, the chance of having ovarian cancer rises. It is more common in women over the age of 50 who have entered the menopausal stage. A positive family history is also thought to be a substantial risk factor for ovarian cancer.

Risk factors and their causes

Age: Ovarian cancer is most common in women aged 50 to 60.

Family History: Women who have close relatives with ovarian or breast cancer are at a greater risk.

Inherited gene mutations: Ovarian cancer is caused by a limited number of hereditary genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Breast Cancer: Women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to get ovarian cancer.

Replacement hormone therapy: Long-term HRT at high dosages raises the risk of ovarian cancer.

Obesity: Obese women seem to be at a higher risk of getting ovarian cancer.

Endometriosis: Women who acquire endometriosis are more likely to get ovarian cancer.

Symptoms of ovarian tumor

Pelvic or lower abdominal pain

Back Pain

Frequent urination

Pain during intercourse

As the cancer spreads, the following symptoms emerge:

Unknown cause of weight loss

Breathlessness

Tiredness and loss of appetite

Nausea

Feeling full quickly after eating

Bloating or swelling in the abdomen

For more information & consultation on Ovarian Tumor Treatment in Thane, visit Complete Women’s Care at Ghodbunder road, Thane or contact us on 9833074977 or simply fill in your name and number & one of our team member will get in touch with you soon. Our team of experts along with Dr. Arohi Tasgaonkar, MS (ObGy), DNB (ObGy), and one of the Best Gynecologist in Ghodbunder Road Thane will help you out in understanding your problem and guide you through every stage of your treatment.

[drlalitbanswal]

Is cancer hereditary?

Is cancer hereditary?

Yes, some cancers are genetic or hereditary. They are seen more often in successive generations. A person with a family history of cancer has a higher risk of developing cancer.

What you need to know if more than one family member has contracted the cancer is to find out what type of cancer your family member (s) had and whether it is related to the risk of the family inheritance. Cancer is caused by gene effects and can be passed on from generation to generation, but the probability of it occurring in any blood ratio is not very high. There are also cancers that are not genetic or familial. Other factors such as eating habits, lifestyle such as smoking, and socioeconomic status can affect it.

Cancer due to Gene Mutation:

About 3% to 10% of all cancers are genetic or hereditary. It is the result of a genetic mutation that is passed on from generation to generation. Cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and uterine cancer are not commonly inherited, but people with a family history of cancer have a higher risk of developing cancer than others.

Does every gene mutation cause cancer?

Not every genetic defect results in cancer. The genes whose defects cause cancer are called cancer susceptibility genes. People having mutations known as BRCA or p53 are especially prone to cancers. These gene mutations are tested among healthy family members by cancer specialists by genetic screening.

Keep in mind that hereditary cancers and genetic cancers are not always the same although these terms appear to be synonymous. Most cancers have a genetic basis, due to a genetic mutation that is transmitted later in life.

What to do if any blood relative has had cancer?

If in doubt, consult a cancer specialist in your area. These doubts may arise if more than one family member has the same type of cancer or if the family has had cancer caused by the same genetic mutation (for example breast and ovarian cancer in different family members).

If your oncologist suggests that you may have a genetic mutation after studying your family history, he or she may ask you to undergo genetic screening.

[arrangoiz]

Breast and Ovarian Hereditary Cancer

Among breast cancer patients: It is estimated that 2% to 6% carry a BRCA1 / BRCA 2 mutation Among epithelial ovarian cancer patients: It is estimated that 10% to 15% carry a BRCA1 / BRCA 2 mutation The lifetime risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutation carriers: Is approximately 45% to 80% The lifetime ovarian cancer risk: Is 45% to 60% for BRCA1 mutation carriers and 11% to 35% for…

[norwestobstetrics]

Hereditary Gynecological Conditions: What You Should Know

When it comes to women's health, understanding hereditary gynecological conditions is of paramount importance. These conditions can profoundly impact a woman's life and reproductive health. In this article, we will delve into hereditary gynecological conditions, shedding light on what you should know about them. This information can be invaluable if you're looking for an obstetrician and gynecologist near you in Australia.

Hereditary Gynecological Conditions: An Overview

Hereditary gynecological conditions are those that are passed down through generations within families. They can affect various aspects of a woman's reproductive health, from menstrual cycles to fertility. Understanding these conditions is crucial for making informed decisions and seeking the right medical care.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is a hereditary gynecological condition affecting millions of women in Australia and worldwide. PCOS is characterised by irregular menstrual cycles, cysts on the ovaries, and hormonal imbalances. While the exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, it often runs in families.

If you suspect you have PCOS or have a family history of the condition, it's essential to consult with an experienced obstetrician and gynecologist near you. They can diagnose properly and work with you to manage the symptoms effectively.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is another hereditary gynecological condition impacting a woman's quality of life. In this condition, tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, leading to severe pelvic pain, painful periods, and fertility problems. While not always hereditary, it can have genetic components that increase the likelihood of developing endometriosis if it runs in your family.

If you have a family history of endometriosis and are experiencing symptoms, seeking the expertise of a nearby obstetrician and gynecologist is vital. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve your overall well-being.

The Role of Genetic Testing

Genetic testing is becoming an increasingly valuable tool in the field of gynecology. It allows healthcare providers to identify genetic mutations that may increase a woman's risk of developing hereditary gynecological conditions. If you have a family history of these conditions, genetic testing can provide you with valuable insights and help you make informed decisions about your health.

BRCA Gene Mutations

One example of genetic testing's significance is the BRCA gene mutations. These mutations are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Women who inherit a BRCA gene mutation have a much higher risk of developing these cancers.

If you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, consulting with a gynecologist specialising in genetic testing can be a proactive step. They can assess your risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures, including increased surveillance and potentially surgical interventions.

Family Planning and Fertility Considerations

Hereditary gynecological conditions can also significantly impact family planning and fertility. For women who are carriers of genetic mutations associated with these conditions, there may be concerns about passing them on to their children.

Genetic Counseling

Genetic counselling is a valuable resource for individuals with hereditary gynecological conditions. It provides information and support to help individuals and couples make informed decisions about family planning. Genetic counsellors can assess the risk of passing on genetic conditions to children and discuss options such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Women with hereditary gynecological conditions may sometimes face challenges in conceiving naturally. Assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope for starting a family. Obstetricians and gynecologists with expertise in fertility treatments can guide you through the process, ensuring you receive the most appropriate care.

Hereditary gynecological conditions are a crucial aspect of women's health that should not be overlooked. Understanding these conditions, their genetic components, and their impact on reproductive health is vital for making informed decisions. 

Suppose you are concerned about hereditary gynecological conditions or are looking for an obstetrician and gynecologist near you in Australia. In that case, it's essential to prioritise your health and seek the guidance of experienced healthcare professionals. Whether it's PCOS, endometriosis, or genetic testing, taking the right steps can significantly improve your quality of life and overall well-being.

Hereditary gynecological conditions are a complex and sensitive area of women's health. Being proactive about your health is essential, especially if you have a family history of these conditions. Consulting with a qualified obstetrician and gynecologist near you can make all the difference in managing these conditions effectively and ensuring a healthy, happy life. Don't hesitate to seek the guidance and support you need to take control of your reproductive health.

Search "obstetrician and gynecologist near me " online to get better results.

Suite 108 Level 1 Norwest Private Hospital 9 Norbrik Dr Norwest NSW 2153 Australia