#Afghanistan and CPEC

[darkmaga-returns]

Here’s the full interview that I gave to VOA China’s FM Shakil on this subject, excerpts of which were published in their report on 8 December titled “中国在巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间进行调解以保护自身利益能成功吗？”

1. What is your perspective on China's particular interests in Afghanistan and the motivations for its enduring initiatives to foster peace and stability in the region?

China envisages expanding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) northward into Afghanistan and thenceforth to the Central Asian Republics in order to breathe new life into this stalled megaproject, but its plans are impeded by very tense Afghan-Pakistani ties. These tensions are due to the worsening security dilemma between them over the Afghan Taliban’s (“Taliban”) suspected patronage of the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP, “Pakistani Taliban)” and their fears of Pakistan moving closer to the US.

Islamabad considers the TTP to be a terrorist group, as does Washington, while Kabul is concerned that Pakistan might allow the US to use its airspace for carrying out anti-terrorist strikes in Afghanistan. Given their conventional military asymmetry, the Taliban might be relying on the TTP as an unconventional means for restoring balance with Pakistan. The TTP, however, is also suspected of allying with Baloch militants like the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) that Pakistan, China, and the US consider to be terrorists.

These same terrorist-designated militants have ramped up attacks since August 2021, specifically targeting Chinese workers and CPEC-related investments. From China’s perspective, helping to alleviate the Afghan-Pakistani security dilemma could lead to less attacks against its nationals and projects, thus enabling CPEC’s revival in Pakistan and its potential expansion to Afghanistan if bilateral ties improve. Seeing as how CPEC is the Belt & Road Initiative’s (BRI) flagship project, this is very important for China.

[milfstalin]

Is Pakistan about to join the BRICS in earnest? Is it stepping off its US-centric trajectory and reassessing its foreign policy priorities in response to Washington’s increasing interest in cozying up to India – or is there a tactic in play to force the Americans to revert attention back to Islamabad?

Experts and scholars believe that Pakistan is walking a tightrope and cannot afford to rock the boat right now, especially when it finds itself in dire need of financial support from its traditional partners. This is a critical moment for the economically depleted South Asian nuclear power. By all accounts, the US appears to have moved on from this relationship – for one, it no longer relies on Pakistan's assistance since pulling out of Afghanistan following a deal with the Taliban in Doha. 

[...]

Officially, Islamabad announced it applied for BRICS membership in late 2023. While confirming the move, the Pakistan foreign office described BRICS as an "important group of developing countries" and hoped that by joining the alliance, Pakistan could play an important role in furthering international cooperation and revitalizing “inclusive multilateralism.”

Even though Indian officials did not publicly react to Islamabad's declaration, Pakistan may face tough resistance from some founding BRICS members, including India, which, according to Mushahid Hussain Sayed, chairperson of Pakistan Senate’s foreign affairs committee, may play a "spoiler" over Pakistan's application for membership. Not that this is something new.

[...]

"The US reacted sharply to Imran Khan's visit to Russia in 2022, but a decade ago, the US and its NATO allies preferred to ignore the country's rebalancing efforts with China and Russia—two rising powers in the region—because at that time relations with Pakistan were critical for their supplies in Afghanistan," Tahir Khan, a geopolitical analyst and expert on Afghanistan, tells The Cradle.

Khan says the US began to exert pressure on Pakistan to roll back its policy toward China and Russia shortly after its withdrawal from Afghanistan. Following the April government change in Islamabad, he adds, Pakistan has shown greater caution in terms of its relations with China and Russia:

"The perception of policy change in Pakistan does not hold water in the context of the lukewarm progress of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Islamabad's inability to address China's security concerns, deteriorating Pakistan-Afghan relations, and Pakistan's utter failure to match China's increasing thrust on investment and economic linkages with Afghanistan." 

Khan adds that engagement with Russia has remained dormant following unverified reports about Pakistan's weapon linkages with Ukraine. “On the contrary, Pakistan’s archrival India has done its balancing act more effectively than Pakistan."

The US State Department imposed sanctions on a Chinese research institute and several additional companies on 13 September, a move that appears to be a part of a continuous effort to exert pressure on both China and Pakistan. The US claimed that these companies were involved in supplying Pakistan's ballistic missile program.

Pakistan's Foreign Office vehemently denounced the US action as unfair and politicized, responding in a tone never heard before. In a statement on Saturday, September 14, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Mumtaz Zehra Baloch claimed that the US had listed several commercial entities last year “merely on suspicion” because the items for which the companies were sanctioned were not listed under any export control regime, and they considered them sensitive under broad, catch-all provisions.

Without naming India and Israel, Baloch wrote, “It is well known that some governments have readily bypassed licensing restrictions for advanced military technologies to their favored states while claiming stringent nonproliferation laws for others." Baloch said US sanctions were "double standards and discriminatory" and "undermine the legitimacy of global nonproliferation regimes, raise military asymmetries, and jeopardize world peace and security."

How much longer will Islamabad tread water with Washington before switching sides to save itself? This is the very same sort of treadmill that countries like China, Russia, and Iran walked – all of them, at some point or other, sought to trust US goodwill before realizing that Washington had none in stock.

22 Sept, 2024

[liamhen5]

Strategic Dynamics of Chabahar and Gwadar Ports: The Role of Private Indian Companies and Cargo Berths

Introduction

Iran Chabahar Port in southeastern Iran and Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan are two strategic maritime gateways in the region, each backed by different international stakeholders with varied geopolitical and economic interests. Chabahar, with substantial investments from private Indian companies, and Gwadar, heavily financed by China, are pivotal in the emerging trade and transport networks of the region. This essay delves into the significance of Chabahar Port, the involvement of Indian private companies, its comparison with Gwadar Port, and the role of cargo berths in these ports.

Chabahar Port: A Strategic Asset

Chabahar Port, situated on the Gulf of Oman, is Iran's only oceanic port, providing direct access to the Indian Ocean. This geographical advantage makes it a strategic asset for Iran, enabling it to bypass the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow passage that has historically been a chokepoint for global oil supplies. The port serves as a crucial link in the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), aiming to connect India, Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia through a multi-modal network of ship, rail, and road routes.

For India, Chabahar offers a direct route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. This not only enhances India's trade potential but also solidifies its strategic footprint in the region. The development of Chabahar Port is seen as a counterbalance to China's investment in Gwadar Port under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

Role of Private Indian Companies

Private Indian companies have been instrumental in the development and operationalization of Chabahar Port. The involvement of these companies reflects India's commitment to enhancing regional connectivity and its strategic interests in the region.

India Ports Global Limited (IPGL): A consortium of private and public sector companies, IPGL is at the forefront of India's engagement with Chabahar. In 2016, IPGL signed an agreement to equip and operate two terminals and five berths at Chabahar Port. This marked a significant milestone in Indo-Iranian cooperation.

Infrastructure Development: Indian firms such as IRCON International and KEC International are involved in constructing and upgrading the infrastructure around Chabahar, including the rail link from Chabahar to Zahedan, which connects to the Iranian national railway network and further into Afghanistan and Central Asia.

Cargo Handling and Logistics: Indian logistics companies are setting up supply chains to manage the flow of goods through Chabahar. This includes developing specialized cargo berths to handle various types of cargo efficiently, thereby increasing the port's operational capacity.

Investment in Industrial Zones: Private Indian firms are also exploring investment opportunities in the Chabahar Free Trade Zone (FTZ), which aims to attract foreign investment and foster industrial growth. This includes establishing manufacturing units, warehousing, and distribution centers.

Gwadar Port: A Chinese Foothold

Gwadar Port, located on the Arabian Sea in Pakistan, is a cornerstone of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Developed under the auspices of the CPEC, Gwadar provides China with a strategic outpost to secure its maritime trade routes and energy supplies. The port is intended to serve as a major transshipment hub, facilitating trade between China, the Middle East, and Africa.

Comparison Between Chabahar and Gwadar Ports

While both Chabahar and Gwadar Ports aim to enhance regional connectivity, their strategic orientations and developmental trajectories are distinct.

Geopolitical Context: Chabahar is central to India's strategy to access Central Asia and Afghanistan, circumventing Pakistan. Gwadar, conversely, is a linchpin of China's BRI, aimed at securing an overland route to the Arabian Sea, reducing reliance on the Malacca Strait.

Development and Investment: Gwadar has seen rapid development, with substantial Chinese investments leading to the construction of modern port facilities, an international airport, and supporting infrastructure. Chabahar's development, although progressing slower due to international sanctions on Iran, has gained momentum with Indian investments, particularly in port infrastructure and connectivity projects.

Strategic Rivalry: The development of these ports underscores the strategic rivalry between India and China. Chabahar provides India with a counterbalance to China's presence in Gwadar. This competition is reflected in the investment patterns, with each port receiving significant attention from its respective backers.

The Role of Cargo Berths

Cargo berths are critical components of port infrastructure, facilitating the loading, unloading, and storage of goods. Both Chabahar and Gwadar Ports have been developing specialized cargo berths to enhance their operational capacities.

Chabahar Port: The development of five new cargo berths at Chabahar by Indian companies has significantly increased the port's handling capacity. These berths are designed to accommodate various types of cargo, including bulk, container, and general cargo. The efficient handling of cargo at these berths is essential for reducing turnaround times and enhancing the port's attractiveness to traders.

Gwadar Port: Gwadar features multiple deep-water berths capable of handling large container ships. The port's design includes specialized berths for oil tankers, bulk carriers, and container vessels. These facilities are crucial for Gwadar's ambition to become a major transshipment hub in the region.

Economic and Strategic Implications

The development of Chabahar and Gwadar Ports has far-reaching economic and strategic implications for the region.

Regional Connectivity: Both ports aim to enhance regional connectivity by providing alternative trade routes. Chabahar's link to Afghanistan and Central Asia through the INSTC can significantly reduce transit times and costs for Indian goods. Gwadar, on the other hand, offers China a shorter route to the Middle East and Africa.

Economic Growth: The development of port infrastructure and associated industrial zones is expected to spur economic growth in the surrounding regions. This includes job creation, increased trade volumes, and the development of ancillary industries.

Geopolitical Influence: The strategic investments in these ports reflect the broader geopolitical contest between India and China for influence in South Asia and beyond. Chabahar strengthens India's position in Afghanistan and Central Asia, while Gwadar enhances China's influence in the Arabian Sea and the Middle East.

Security Considerations: The military potential of these ports cannot be ignored. Both ports have the potential to serve as naval bases, enhancing the maritime capabilities of their respective backers. This adds a layer of security dynamics to the strategic rivalry in the region.

Conclusion

The development of Chabahar and Gwadar Ports represents a significant shift in the geopolitical and economic landscape of the region. Chabahar, with substantial involvement from private Indian companies, offers India a strategic foothold in Afghanistan and Central Asia, countering China's influence through Gwadar. The role of cargo berths in both ports is pivotal in enhancing their operational efficiency and attractiveness to global traders. As these ports continue to develop, their impact on regional trade, connectivity, and geopolitics will become increasingly pronounced, shaping the future of South Asia and beyond.

[pakistanweekly]

China asks Pakistan to protect its workers after slew of terrorist attacks

China made a harsh allure that the specialists who are designated for China Pakistan Monetary Passage (CPEC) ought to be shielded by the Pakistani government from dread assaults. It was passed on to the Pakistani appointment, co-led by Pakistan's Delegate Top state leader and Unfamiliar Pastor Ishaq Dar and Chinese Unfamiliar Priest Wang Yi, during the fifth round of the discourse between the unfamiliar clergymen of the two nations.

This comes directly following the continuous dread assaults occurring nearby and in northern Pakistan where crafted by CPEC is being completed.

In Walk, five Chinese and one Pakistani nationals were killed in a fear monger assault on their vehicle of the Dasu Hydropower Task embraced by a Chinese organization in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Territory.

Wang told Dar that China trusts that Pakistan will keep on doing its utmost to guarantee the wellbeing of Chinese faculty, undertakings and organizations in the nation and kill the concerns of Chinese endeavors and workforce.

Dar said Pakistan is completely dedicated to bringing the organizers, agents and culprits of this appalling assault to equity.

Pakistan says it has a 12,000-in number para-military power to safeguard the Chinese specialists. Wang has guaranteed help to desperate Pakistan, saying China won't falter in that frame of mind to extend collaboration with the all-weather conditions partner.

The different sides swore to upgrade sober minded collaboration in different fields, the Xinhua report said, without giving subtleties. Wang noticed that China and Pakistan are all-climate vital agreeable accomplices.

Throughout the long term, Pakistan has solidly stuck to the one-China rule and offered China significant help without reservation on issues concerning China's center advantages, he said.

China likewise immovably upholds Pakistan in shielding public power, freedom and regional uprightness and in assuming a greater part in worldwide and territorial undertakings, he added.

China will pool endeavors to advance the development of an overhauled rendition of the CPEC, he said.

Tending to a joint news meeting with Wang in Beijing after talks, Dar said the different sides consented to speed up the execution of the ML-1 railroad line project, the Gwadar Port Turn of events and the realignment of Stage 2 of the Karakoram Thruway. He said it was likewise consented to fortify collaboration in agribusiness, mining, minerals, energy, IT, and modern areas.

Discussing Afghanistan, he said both Pakistan and China are consistent that a tranquil, steady, joined together, completely safe Afghanistan is crucial for the turn of events, network and flourishing of the district.

"We are worried about the presence of psychological oppressor substances working in Afghanistan and call upon the Afghan-break government to make tenable and unquestionable moves against such components, utilizing Afghan soil to compromise harmony and dependability of the adjoining nations," he said.

Prior reports said in the Essential Discourse the different sides will exhaustively audit respective relations including monetary and exchange participation; undeniable level trades and visits; upgradation of the CPEC future availability drives and the international circumstance.

Dar additionally held chats with Liu Jianchao, Priest of the Worldwide Branch of the Socialist Faction of China (IDCPC), and examined speeding up the CPEC projects.

They examined plans for the realignment of the Karakorum Parkway interfacing the two nations other than speeding up the advancement of CPEC projects hit by late advancement, upgradation of the Karachi-Peshawar rail route task and improvement of the Gwadar Port overseen by Chinese firms.

[presssection]

“Impact of Regional Politics on Developing Countries like Pakistan: Opportunities & Challenges”

Regional politics plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of developing countries, and Pakistan is no exception. As a nation located in a geopolitically complex region, Pakistan faces both opportunities and challenges arising from regional politics.

Participation in regional initiatives, such as trade agreements, economic corridors, and investment partnerships, can foster economic growth and development. Regional politics can create significant economic opportunities for developing countries. For instance, Pakistan's involvement in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has the potential to transform its infrastructure, enhance connectivity, and attract foreign direct investment. By leveraging regional partnerships, developing countries can tap into new markets, expand trade networks, and diversify their economies.

It wouldn’t be untrue stating that regional politics also present security challenges for developing countries. Proximity to conflict zones and regional rivalries can pose risks to peace and stability. Internal security threats, cross-border tensions, and proxy conflicts can strain resources and hinder development efforts. Developing countries like Pakistan must navigate complex security dynamics, balance regional alliances, and invest in robust security measures to safeguard their national interests and ensure the well-being of their citizens.

Building alliances, promoting dialogue, and resolving conflicts through diplomatic means are crucial in maintaining regional stability, hence, the phenomenon necessitates active diplomatic engagements for developing countries. Pakistan has played a significant role in facilitating peace processes in neighboring Afghanistan and engaging in regional forums such as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) to address shared challenges. Strengthening diplomatic ties and pursuing cooperative approaches can contribute to peace-building efforts and foster regional cooperation.

The significance of regional politics in fostering socio-cultural exchanges among developing countries cannot be denied. Shared historical, linguistic, and cultural ties can form the basis for people-to-people interactions, tourism, and cultural exchanges. These interactions enhance mutual understanding, promote cultural diversity, and create opportunities for collaboration in areas such as education, arts, and sports. Developing countries like Pakistan can leverage regional cooperation to promote cultural heritage, strengthen social bonds, and foster a sense of shared identity among nations.

Regional politics has a significant impact on humanitarian cooperation in developing countries. Natural disasters, refugee crises, and health emergencies often require collective responses from neighboring nations. Regional cooperation enables sharing of resources, expertise, and best practices to address humanitarian challenges effectively. It allows developing countries to pool their efforts, coordinate disaster response, and aid vulnerable populations. Collaboration in humanitarian endeavors strengthens solidarity among nations and demonstrates the importance of collective action in times of crisis.

The impact of regional politics on developing countries like Pakistan is multifaceted, presenting both opportunities and challenges. By actively engaging in regional initiatives, developing countries can harness economic opportunities, strengthen diplomatic ties, promote socio-cultural exchanges, and enhance humanitarian cooperation. However, they must also navigate security challenges, mitigate conflicts, and balance diverse interests to ensure their national security and sustainable development.

For developing countries like Pakistan, effective engagement in regional politics requires strategic decision-making, diplomatic acumen, and a focus on national interests. By leveraging regional partnerships, fostering dialogue, and pursuing cooperative approaches, developing countries can navigate the complex regional landscape and create a conducive environment for peace, stability, and socio-economic progress.

As regional dynamics continue to evolve, developing countries must remain proactive, adaptable, and resilient in their approach to regional politics. Embracing opportunities and effectively addressing challenges will pave the way for inclusive growth, regional integration, and a prosperous future for developing nations.

Asia Rahman Khan Lodhi                [Consul Press at the Consulate General of Pakistan, Hong Kong (SAR) & Macau (SAR)]

[pdj-france]

KHAR, Pakistan (AP) – Un kamikaze s'est fait exploser lors d'un rassemblement politique dans un ancien bastion de militants du nord-ouest du Pakistan à la frontière de l'Afghanistan dimanche, tuant au moins 44 personnes et en blessant près de 200 lors d'une attaque qui, d'après un haut responsable, était destinée affaiblir les islamistes pakistanais. Le district de Bajur, proche de la frontière afghane, était un bastion des talibans pakistanais – un proche allié du gouvernement taliban afghan – avant que l'armée pakistanaise ne chasse les militants de la région. Les alliés de l'ecclésiastique pakistanais extrémiste et chef du parti politique Maulana Fazlur Rehman, dont le Jamiat Ulema Islam soutient généralement les islamistes régionaux, se réunissaient à Bajur dans une salle proche d'un marché à l'extérieur de la capitale du district. Les responsables du parti ont annoncé que Rehman n'était pas au rassemblement, par contre les organisateurs ont ajouté des tentes car de nombreux partisans se sont présentés et des volontaires du parti avec des matraques aidaient à contrôler la foule. Les responsables annonçaient l'arrivée d'Abdul Rasheed, un dirigeant du parti Jamiat Ulema Islam, quand la bombe a explosé durant l'un des attentats les plus sanglants au Pakistan ces dernières années. La police provinciale a indiqué dans une déclaration que l'attentat a été perpétré par un kamikaze qui a provoqué exploser son gilet explosif près de la scène où étaient assis plusieurs hauts dirigeants du parti. Il a annoncé que les premières enquêtes suggéraient que le groupe État islamique – qui opère en Afghanistan et est un adversaire des talibans afghans – serait peut-être derrière l'attaque, et des officiers enquêtaient toujours. "Il y avait de la poussière et de la fumée autour, et j'étais sous des blessés d'où je pouvais à peine me lever, seulement pour voir le chaos et des membres éparpillés", a annoncé Adam Khan, 45 ans, qui a été projeté au sol par l'explosion vers 4 pm et atteint d'échardes à la jambe et aux deux mains. Les talibans pakistanais, ou TTP, ont annoncé dans une déclaration envoyé à l'Associated Press que l'attentat visait à dresser les islamistes les uns contre les autres. Zabiullah Mujahid, un porte-parole des talibans afghans, a annoncé sur la plate-forme de médias sociaux X, anciennement dénommée Twitter, que "de tels crimes ne peuvent en aucun cas être justifiés". La prise de pouvoir des talibans afghans en Afghanistan à la mi-août 2021 a enhardi le TTP. Ils ont unilatéralement mis fin à un accord de cessez-le-feu avec le gouvernement pakistanais en novembre et ont intensifié leurs attaques dans tout le pays. LIRE LA SUITE : Les talibans mettent fin au cessez-le-feu avec le gouvernement pakistanais et ordonnent de nouvelles attaques dans tout le pays L'attentat a eu lieu quelques heures avant l'arrivée du vice-Premier ministre chinois He Lifeng à Islamabad, où il devait participer à un événement marquant la décennie du corridor économique sino-pakistanais, ou CPEC, un programme tentaculaire dans lequel Pékin a investi des milliards de dollars. Au Pakistan. Ces dernières semaines, la Chine a aidé le Pakistan à éviter un défaut de paiement souverain. Toutefois, certains ressortissants chinois ont aussi été ciblés par des militants dans le nord-ouest du Pakistan et ailleurs. Feroz Jamal, le ministre provincial de l'Information, a annoncé à l'Associated Press que jusqu'à dernièrement, 44 personnes avaient été « martyrisées » et près de 200 blessées dans l'attentat. L'attentat à la bombe était l'une des quatre pires attaques dans le nord-ouest depuis 2014, quand 147 personnes, pour les nombreux écoliers, ont été tuées dans une attaque des talibans contre une école gérée par l'armée à Peshawar. En janvier, 74 personnes ont été tuées dans un attentat à la bombe dans une mosquée de Peshawar. n février, plus de 100 personnes, pour les nombreux policiers, sont mortes dans un attentat à la bombe contre

une mosquée à l'intérieur d'un complexe de haute sécurité abritant le siège de la police de Peshawar. Le Premier ministre Shehbaz Sharif et le président Arif Alvi ont condamné l'attaque et ont demandé aux responsables de fournir toute l'assistance possible aux blessés et aux familles endeuillées. Sharif plus tard, lors d'un appel téléphonique à Rehman, le chef du JUI, lui a transmis ses condoléances et lui a assuré que ceux qui avaient orchestré l'attaque seraient punis. L'ambassade des États-Unis à Islamabad a aussi condamné l'attaque. Lors d'une annonce sur la plateforme de médias sociaux X, anciennement dénommée Twitter, elle a exprimé ses condoléances aux familles et aux proches des victimes tuées dans l'attaque. Maulana Ziaullah, le chef local du parti de Rehman, était parmi les morts. Les dirigeants du JUI Rasheed et l'ex législateur Maulana Jamaluddin étaient aussi sur scène mais s'en sont sortis indemnes. Rasheed, le chef régional du parti, a annoncé que l'attaque était une tentative de retirer JUI du terrain avant les élections législatives de novembre, mais il a annoncé que de telles tactiques ne fonctionneraient pas. L'attentat à la bombe a été condamné dans tout le pays, les partis au pouvoir et d'opposition présentant leurs condoléances aux familles de ceux qui sont morts dans l'attaque. Rehman est considéré comme un religieux pro-talibans et son parti politique fait partie du gouvernement de coalition à Islamabad. Des réunions sont organisées dans tout le pays pour mobiliser les alliés en vue des prochaines élections. "Beaucoup de nos camarades ont perdu la vie et beaucoup d'autres ont été blessés dans cet incident. Je demanderai aux administrations fédérale et provinciale d'enquêter pleinement sur cet incident et de fournir une indemnisation appropriée et des installations médicales aux personnes touchées », a annoncé Rasheed. Mohammad Wali, un autre participant au rassemblement, a annoncé qu'il écoutait un orateur s'adresser à la foule quand l'gigantesque explosion l'a momentanément assourdi. "J'étais près du distributeur d'eau pour aller chercher un verre d'eau quand la bombe a explosé, me jetant au sol", a-t-il raconté. "Nous sommes venus à la réunion avec enthousiasme mais nous nous sommes retrouvés à l'hôpital en voyant des pleurs, des blessés et des parents en sanglots emportant les corps duurs proches." Riaz Khan a rapporté de Peshawar. L'écrivain d'Associated Press, Munir Ahmad, a contribué depuis Islamabad.

[news-venue]

Terrorism remains a major threat to regional and global peace: PM Narendra Modi

While charing a virtual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Modi said, "Terrorism may be in any form, in any manifestation and we have to fight together against it." 

NEW DELHI: In a veiled reference to Pakistan, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday told leaders of the SCO nations that the grouping must not hesitate to criticise countries supporting cross-border terrorism as an instrument of state policy and there must not be any “double standards” in combating terrorist activities.

With Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russia’s Vladimir Putin listening, Modi said at a virtual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) that “decisive action” is required to deal with terrorism and terror financing.

Chairing the summit, Modi talked about the growing importance of the SCO and said, “It is our shared responsibility to understand each other’s needs and sensitivities and resolve all challenges through better cooperation and coordination.”

The remarks came amid the lingering border row between India and China.

In his opening remarks, Modi also highlighted the need for boosting connectivity but asserted that it is essential to respect the basic principles of the SCO charter, especially the sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states while making such efforts.

There has been increasing global criticism of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

India has been severely critical of the BRI as the project includes the so-called China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) that passes through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

On Afghanistan, the prime minister said the situation there has a “direct impact on the security of all of us” and it is important to ensure that Afghan territory is not used to destabilise neighbouring countries or to encourage extremist ideologies.

The prime minister also touched upon the global food, fuel and fertiliser crisis, highlighted the need for reform of the SCO and welcomed Iran as the new permanent member of the SCO.

However, one of the major focus areas of his speech was combating the threat of terrorism.

“Terrorism remains a major threat to regional and global peace. Decisive action is necessary to meet this challenge. Terrorism may be in any form, in any manifestation and we have to fight together against it,” Modi said.

“Some countries use cross-border terrorism as an instrument of their policies; give shelter to terrorists. The SCO should not hesitate to criticise such countries. There should be no room for double standards on such a serious issue,” he said.

The prime minister also strongly pitched for deeper mutual cooperation to deal with terror financing and noted that the SCO’s RATS (Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure) mechanism has played an important role in this.

“We should also take more active steps to prevent the spread of radicalisation among the youth of our countries. The joint statement being issued today on the issue of radicalisation is a symbol of our shared commitment,” he said.

The virtual summit under India’s presidency was attended by leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Iran as well. The prime minister also spoke of various global challenges.

“The global situation is at a critical juncture. Food, fuel and fertiliser crisis is a big challenge for all the countries in the world surrounded by disputes, tensions and epidemics,” he said, without making any specific references.

“Let us think together whether we as an organisation are capable of meeting the expectations and aspirations of our people? Are we able to meet the modern challenges,” he asked.

“Is the SCO becoming an organisation that is fully prepared for the future? In this regard, India supports the proposal for reform and modernisation of SCO,” he said.

On the situation in Afghanistan, Modi said India’s concerns and expectations regarding that country are similar to those of most of the SCO countries.

Modi said ensuring humanitarian assistance to Afghan people, formation of an inclusive government, the fight against terrorism and drug trafficking and ensuring the rights of women, children and minorities in that country are “our shared priorities”.

“The people of India and Afghanistan share age-old friendly relations. Over the past two decades, we have contributed to the economic and social development of Afghanistan,” he said.

“We have continued to send humanitarian aid even after the events of 2021. It is essential that the land of Afghanistan is not used to destabilise neighbouring countries, or encourage extremist ideologies,” he said.

The prime minister also batted for boosting regional connectivity.

“Better connectivity not only increases mutual business but also increases mutual trust. But in these efforts, it is essential to respect the basic principles of the SCO Charter, especially the sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states. “

After Iran’s SCO membership, we can work for better utilisation of Chabahar Port.

The International North-South Transport Corridor can become a safe and easy way for the landlocked countries of Central Asia to reach the Indian Ocean,” he said.

“We should realise its full potential,” he added.

India has been pushing for the Chabahar port project to boost regional trade, especially for its connectivity to Afghanistan.

Modi also called for removing language barriers in the SCO.

“We would be happy to share India’s AI-based language platform, Bhashini, with everyone to remove language barriers within the SCO. This can become an example of digital technology for inclusive growth,” he said.

Modi said the SCO can become an important voice for reform in other global institutions including the UN.

The prime minister also welcomed Iran as the new member of the SCO.

“At the same time, we welcome the signing of the Memorandum of Obligation for SCO membership of Belarus,” he said.

“Today, the interest of other countries in joining SCO is a proof of the importance of this organisation,” he added.

“In this process, it is necessary that the basic focus of the SCO remains on the interests and aspirations of the Central-Asian countries,” Modi said.

[prayagraj]

#Pakistani new FM offers dialogue to #India, wants to visit #Afghanistan #ISLAMABAD, Aug. 20 : Pakistan's new #ForeignMinister #ShahMehmoodQureshi on Monday offered dialogue to neighboring India as he insisted that bilateral engagement is the best option to find out solution to problems. India had suspended bilateral dialogue with Pakistan in April 2016 after an attack on an #Indian air base in January, which #Delhi blamed on Pakistan-based militants. Pakistan had denied any involvement and offered cooperation in an investigation. #Qureshi told reporters that the Foreign Ministry has received a letter of felicitations for #PrimeMinister #ImranKhan from Indian Prime Minister #NarendraModi, in which he has called for resolving disputes through bilateral talks and indicated the beginning of talks between the two countries. "This is a positive development. There is a need for continued and uninterrupted dialogue with India," the foreign minister said, adding that Pakistan and India cannot afford any adventurism. Pakistan and India have fought three wars, two over #Kashmir, since their independence from the British colonial rule in 1947. On Afghanistan, #Qureshi said he wants to pay first visit to Afghanistan with a message of goodwill and friendship, and will soon speak with his Afghan counterpart on the phone to decide date for the visit. "Pakistan and Afghanistan are inter-linked. I want to tell Afghans we need each other. I will travel to Afghanistan with a solid message to work together for peace and stability in both countries and the region," he said.Responding to a question about China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (#CPEC), the top diplomat said the new government will pursue the project, which he described as a "game changer." He said he will discuss with his #Chinese counterpart about the future initiatives to be undertaken under CPEC for socio-economic development of the country. Qureshi said Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf had supported #CPEC when it was in the opposition. To a question about relationship with the #UnitedStates, the foreign minister said he will listen to the U.S. concerns and also put before them Pakistan's viewpoint.

[liamhen5]

Iran's Chabahar Port: Strategic Importance and the Role of Private Indian Companies

Introduction

Iran Chabahar Port, located in southeastern Iran on the Gulf of Oman, holds significant strategic and economic importance for the region. As the only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean, Chabahar serves as a crucial gateway for trade between Iran, India, and Afghanistan. The development of this port has been significantly influenced by the involvement of private Indian companies, which have invested in various infrastructure projects. This essay explores the strategic relevance of Chabahar Port, the involvement of private Indian companies, and how it compares with Pakistan's Gwadar Port.

Strategic Importance of Chabahar Port

Chabahar Port's strategic significance lies in its location and its potential to enhance regional connectivity. It provides a shorter and more economical route for trade between India, Iran, and Afghanistan, bypassing Pakistan. This is particularly important for India, which has long sought to establish a trade corridor to Central Asia that avoids reliance on its western neighbor.

The port's development is also part of Iran's broader strategy to diversify its trade routes and reduce dependency on the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global oil shipments. By bolstering Chabahar, Iran aims to attract more regional and international trade, enhancing its geopolitical standing.

Involvement of Private Indian Companies

India's involvement in Chabahar Port is driven by both strategic and economic interests. Private Indian companies have played a crucial role in the port's development. In 2016, India Ports Global Limited (IPGL), a consortium of Indian companies, signed an agreement to equip and operate two terminals and five berths at Chabahar Port. This agreement marked a significant step in enhancing India-Iran economic ties.

Several private Indian companies have been involved in various aspects of the port's development:

Infrastructure Development: Companies like IRCON International and KEC International have been involved in building and upgrading infrastructure, including rail links connecting Chabahar to the Afghan border and further into Central Asia.

Cargo Handling: Indian firms are engaged in managing cargo handling operations, ensuring the smooth transit of goods through the port. This includes the development of specialized cargo berths to handle different types of goods efficiently.

Logistics and Supply Chain: Private logistics companies from India are establishing supply chain networks to facilitate seamless trade through Chabahar. These networks include warehousing, transportation, and distribution services.

Economic Implications for India

For India, Chabahar Port offers a direct and reliable route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, reducing transport costs and transit times. This is particularly beneficial for the export of goods such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, and agricultural products. The port also opens up new markets for Indian goods, fostering economic growth and strengthening trade ties with landlocked Afghanistan.

Moreover, the port serves as a counterbalance to China's influence in the region, particularly through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the development of Gwadar Port in Pakistan. By investing in Chabahar, India aims to secure its strategic interests and enhance its regional connectivity.

Comparison with Gwadar Port

Chabahar Port is often compared with Pakistan's Gwadar Port, which is located about 170 kilometers to the east. Gwadar, developed with significant Chinese investment, is a key component of the CPEC and is intended to serve as a major transshipment hub in the region.

Strategic Objectives: While both ports aim to enhance regional connectivity, their strategic objectives differ. Gwadar is central to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and aims to provide China with a shorter route to the Arabian Sea, bypassing the Malacca Strait. In contrast, Chabahar is primarily driven by India and Iran's desire to enhance trade with Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.

Infrastructure and Development: Gwadar has seen substantial Chinese investment, leading to rapid development and modernization. Chabahar, on the other hand, has progressed more slowly, partly due to international sanctions on Iran. However, the involvement of Indian companies is accelerating its development.

Regional Impact: Gwadar's development has geopolitical implications, particularly concerning China-Pakistan relations and their stance towards India. Chabahar's development strengthens India-Iran ties and enhances India's influence in Afghanistan and Central Asia, providing a strategic counterweight to Gwadar.

Future Prospects

The future of Chabahar Port looks promising, with several projects in the pipeline to enhance its capacity and connectivity. Key future developments include:

Rail Connectivity: The completion of the Chabahar-Zahedan railway, which connects the port to Iran's national rail network, will significantly boost trade. This rail link is expected to extend to Afghanistan and further into Central Asia, facilitating smoother transit of goods.

Free Trade Zone: The establishment of a free trade zone (FTZ) around Chabahar Port will attract foreign investment and promote industrial development. This FTZ is expected to house manufacturing units, logistics hubs, and service providers, creating job opportunities and boosting the local economy.

Increased Trade Volume: As sanctions on Iran ease and the regional security situation improves, Chabahar is expected to handle a greater volume of trade. This will enhance the port's economic viability and contribute to regional economic growth.

Collaborative Projects: India and Iran are likely to collaborate on further infrastructure projects, including the development of additional berths, warehouses, and cargo handling facilities. These projects will enhance the port's capacity and efficiency, making it a more attractive option for traders.

Conclusion

Chabahar Port represents a significant strategic and economic asset for Iran, India, and the broader region. The involvement of private Indian companies has been instrumental in its development, enhancing regional connectivity and trade. While challenges remain, particularly in terms of geopolitical tensions and infrastructural development, the future prospects for Chabahar are bright. As the port continues to develop, it will play a crucial role in shaping the economic and strategic landscape of the region, providing a valuable counterbalance to Gwadar Port and enhancing India's influence in Afghanistan and Central Asia.

[doonitedin]

China, Pakistan worry about protecting $60 billion CPEC after Taliban's resurgence in Afghanistan

China, Pakistan worry about protecting $60 billion CPEC after Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan

Image Source : PTI/FILE China, Pakistan worry about protecting $60 billion CPEC after the Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan China and Pakistan — after the initial euphoria over the Taliban victory in Afghanistan -– have an immediate challenge: protection of the $60 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). And Beijing is primarily dependent on Pakistan for this. But as the Taliban freed…

[islamabadscene]

COAS believes Pakistan can solve its problems internally

COAS believes Pakistan can solve its problems internally

The army chief feels that a solution cannot be imported and we need to fix the issues at home locally to move forward Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa feels that only Pakistan can resolve its outstanding issues and it is not possible for anyone from outside. Expressed these opinions while addressing the first Islamabad Security Dialogue.   “We have realized that unless our own…

[shiningpakistan]

سی پیک کی مخالفت کیوں؟

عالمی سیاست کے بنتے تشویشناک منظر میں یہ امر قطعی واضح ہے کہ دنیا کے سب سے آباد براعظم ایشیا کا بڑا حصہ عالمی ریشہ دوانیوں سے جنگ و جدل میں مبتلا کر دیا گیا ہے۔ مغربی ایشیا (بشمول مکمل مشرقِ وسطیٰ) جنگ میں مبتلا ہے یا اُس پر جنگ کے بادل منڈلا رہے ہیں۔ شام، عراق، یمن، لبنان اور لیبیا تک بیرونی مداخلت سے ہونے والی جنگوں اور خانہ جنگی میں تباہ و برباد ہو گئے۔ ایران اور خلیجی ممالک پر بھی کسی بڑی جنگ کے خطرات منڈلا رہے ہیں۔ ایسے ایسے متنازع سیاسی موضوعات ابھر رہے ہیں جن سے اس خطے کے ممالک کی برسوں سے جاری دوری اور مخاصمت عملی دشمنی، جنگوں اور خانہ جنگیوں میں تبدیلی کے خدشات و خطرات بڑھتے جا رہے ہیں۔ جنوبی ایشیا پر نظر ڈالیں تو افغانستان گیارہ سالہ سوویت جارحیت و قبضے سے نجات پانے کے بعد بیرونی مداخلت سے پہلے تو خانہ جنگی میں مبتلا ہوا ، پھر ایک ایسی دہشت گردی مخالف عالمی جنگ کا میدان بن گیا جس کا افغانستان خود ملزم تھا نہ مجرم۔ 

اب وہاں کی آبادی امن کی شدید پیاسی ہے جس کے امکانات پیدا ہوئے ہیں تو ہمسایہ ایران ففتھ جنریشن وار کی زد میں آ گیا، ادھر بھارت ہمسایہ پاکستان میں ریاستی دہشت گردی کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے نئے دفاعی، علانیہ اور غیر علانیہ اتحادیوں کے ساتھ ففتھ جنریشن وار کی بھی سرتوڑ تیاریوں کا مرتکب ہو رہا ہے جبکہ نئی دہلی پر فاشسٹ مزاج کی ہیوی مینڈیٹ حکومت کے غیرآئینی اقدامات سے اس کی اپنی داخلی سلامتی بھی ڈگمگا گئی ہےاور اس نے ’’آ بیل مجھے مار‘‘ کے مصداق لداخ میں اپنے اور چین کے درمیان متنازع علاقوں میں جنگی نوعیت کا انفراسٹرکچر ڈویلپ کر کے اپنے دعوے کا یا متنازع علاقے کا بڑا حصہ گنوا دیا۔ مودی کی بنیاد پرست حکومت خود بھارت، پوری دنیا خصوصاً جنوبی ایشیا کے لئے کتنی خطرناک ثابت ہو چکی اور مزید ہو رہی ہے؟ 

اس کو سب سے زیادہ پاکستانی جانتے ہیں۔ تشویشناک امر یہ ہے کہ نئی دہلی، عالمی و علاقائی سفات کاری اور انٹرنیشنل میڈیا کا بڑا مرکز ہونے کے باوجود، دنیا کو بھارتی خطرے سے آگاہ کرنے کے لئے بھارتی دارالحکومت کے سفارتی حلقوں اور عالمی میڈیا کی پیشہ ورانہ کاوشیں تشویشناک حد تک محدود یا بےاثر ہیں۔ واضح اس سے ہوتا ہے کہ مودی حکومت سے مقبوضہ کشمیر کے بپھرے کشمیری اور اپنی شمال مشرقی سرحدی ریاستیں بغیر ہیوی ملٹری ڈپلائے مینٹ کے تو سنبھل نہیں پا رہیں لیکن مودی حکومت نے سائوتھ چائنہ سی میں پیدا ہونے والی امریکہ، چین کشیدگی میں بھی فریق بن کر بلا جواز ٹانگ اڑا کر اپنے بڑے ہمسائے چین کو بھی شدید ناراض کر دیا جبکہ اس کے ساتھ اس کے گہرے باہمی تجارتی روابط ہیں جو متاثر ہونے سے بھارت میں یکدم بےروزگاری اور افراط زر میں اضافہ ہوا لیکن بھارت کی بنتی تشویشناک صورت پر عالمی توجہ مطلوب سے بہت کم ہے۔ لداخ کے متنازع علاقے کو بھی مقبوضہ کشمیر کی طرح غیرآئینی طور پر (اپنے تئیں) ہڑپ کرنے اور یہاں چین خصوصاً سی پیک کی سلامتی کے خلاف مشکوک انفراسٹرکچر ڈویلپ کرنے کے بعد اپنے اور چین کے متنازع علاقے کا بڑا علاقہ گنوا بیٹھا۔

امر واقع یہ ہے کہ ایک طرف تو بھارت سائوتھ چائنہ سی میں ابھرتے جنگی ماحول کو بڑھانے میں اپنا حصہ بنا چکا۔ دوسری جانب وہ افغانستان میں پاکستان مخالف اپنے دہشت گردی کے اب ثابت شدہ نیٹ ورک کو مکمل آپریٹو رکھنے کے ساتھ ساتھ عالمی حلیفوں اور غیرعلانیہ اور عملی جنگی حلیف اسرائیل کے ساتھ مل کر آزاد کشمیر پر بھی قبضہ کرنے کی جنگی منصوبہ بندی کا سوچ رہا ہے اور اس کے لئے پاکستان کی فروری 2019 میں ٹیسٹ ہونے والی ایئر ڈیفنس صلاحیت کے بعد زمینی پہاڑی جنگ میں ہمارے مورال اور صلاحیت کا اندازہ لگانے کے لئے مسلسل لائن آف کنٹرول پر جارحیت کا مرتکب ہو رہا ہے۔ آگ کے اس کھیل میں مودی کی جنگجویانہ پالیسی اور عمل میں ڈھلتے جارحانہ ارادے پورے جنوبی ایشیا کے امن کو مزید بڑے خطرات سے دوچار کر رہے ہیں۔

اس سارے پس منظر میں ایشیا کے تین بڑے خطوں مشرقی ایشیا (بحوالہ سائوتھ چائنہ ایشو) جنوبی ایشیا اور جنگ زدہ مشرق وسطیٰ کے تشویشناک حالات نے، پورے اور سب سے آباد براعظم کی اقتصادی ترقی کی نکلتی واضح راہوں میں رکاوٹیں تو ڈالی ہیں اور ڈالی جا رہی ہیں ان میں سی پیک کا پُرامن اور اقتصادی خوشحالی کا عظیم منصوبہ سب سے زیادہ ثمرات کے واضح ہونے کے اعتبار سے واضح ہے جسے فری انٹرپرائز (آزاد تجارت) کے علمبردار امریکہ کی ٹرمپ انتظامیہ نے چین کی بڑھتی غیرمعمولی عالمی تجارتی میدان کی کامیابیوں سے حسد اور فکر میں مبتلا ہو کر بغیر کسی جواز کے چین کے ساتھ ’’تجارتی جنگ‘‘ کا آغاز کیا حالانکہ چین کے بڑھتے عالمی تجارتی دائرے کی بینی فشری امریکہ سمیت دنیا بھر کی غریب آبادی بن چکی تھی۔ سی پیک چینی صدر شی پنگ کے عالمی اقتصادی فلسفے ون بیلٹ ون روڈ (بذریعہ مغربی یورپ جیسی سافٹ بارڈرز کی Connectivity) کا مظہر ہے جس کی بلا رکاوٹ تکمیل پہلے ہی مرحلے میں سب سے پہلے پورے جنوبی ایشیا، مغربی ایشیا کے کم آمدنی والے ممالک اور مشرقی افریقہ تک کے لئے بے حد ثمر آور ہو گی۔

پاکستان، ایران اور افغانستان کی طرح سی پیک کا بڑا بینی فشری ہونا بھارت کے لئے بھی بالکل واضح تھا لیکن وہ کسی اور راہ پر نکل کر کروڑہا عوام سے بے پروا اورگمراہ ہو گیا۔ یہ اب چین، پاکستان، ایران و افغانستان کی بڑی ذمہ داری تھی کہ وہ سی پیک جیسے پرامن اور واضح ثمر آور منصوبے کے واضح امکانی فوائد سے ان ملکوں کو آگاہ کرتے جن کے کروڑوں پریشان حال اور جنگوں اور جنگی خطرات میں مبتلا عوام اس کے بینی فشری بنتے نظر آ رہے ہیں۔ ان کی حکومتوں اور ان تک یہ سوال پہنچانا اور مطلوب فری کوئنسی پر پہنچانا چین اور پاکستان کے لئے سی پیک کی سلامتی اور ہر حال میں تکمیل کے عزم کا لازمہ بن گیا ہے۔ سی پیک کے حاسدوں اور دشمنوں کے پاس اس سادہ لیکن طاقتور سوال کا کوئی جواب نہیں کہ آخر سی پیک کی مخالفت کیوں؟ ان کی لاجوابی سی پیک کے پرامن، عوام دوست اور اقتصادی استحکام کے پہلوئوں کو جنگی تیاریوں کے مقابل بالکل واضح کر دے گی۔

ڈاکٹر مجاہد منصوری 

بشکریہ روزنامہ جنگ

[digimakacademy]

‘आयरन ब्रदर’ पाकिस्‍तान की तरह बनें नेपाल और अफगानिस्‍तान: चीन Edited By Shailesh Shukla | एजेंसियां | Updated: 28 Jul 2020, 10:16:00 AM IST चीन के व‍िदेश मंत्री ने पाकिस्‍तान, नेपाल, अफगान‍िस्‍तान के साथ की बैठक

[ssbprep]

Pakistan Inching Towards Failures

Pakistan Inching Towards Failures

Editor’s Note:Pakistan has been on the brink of failing for a protracted period of time. Pakistan’s economic woes, huge debt burden that can perhaps never be eased, caught in a bind woven by the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), under scrutiny of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and a host of other factors are creating turmoil in Pakistan’s social fabric also this article is an…

[dbpnews]

China, Pakistan worry about protecting $60 billion CPEC after Taliban's resurgence in Afghanistan | After the arrival of Taliban in Afghanistan, China, Pakistan are concerned about the security of CPEC

China, Pakistan worry about protecting $60 billion CPEC after Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan | After the arrival of Taliban in Afghanistan, China, Pakistan are concerned about the security of CPEC

China, Pak worry about CPEC’s security after Taliban’s arrival in Afghanistan – bhaskarhindi.com . Disclaimer: This story or news has been auto-aggregated by a computer program, As well as few words that have been auto-convert with the same synonyms. This is not manually created or edited by our website/portal.

[beardedmrbean]

(Reuters) - The Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), which claimed a deadly attack on Chinese citizens in Karachi on Tuesday, is the most prominent of a number of separatist groups operating against the Pakistani state in the southwestern province of Balochistan.

BLA's stated aim is complete independence for Balochistan, Pakistan's largest province by territory but the smallest in terms of population given its arid mountainous terrain.

The province has seen a decades-long insurgency against what separatists call the unfair exploitation of resources in the mineral-rich region.

Balochistan borders Afghanistan to the north, Iran to the west and has a long coastline on the Arabian Sea. It has Pakistan's largest natural gas field and is believed to have many more undiscovered reserves.

It is also rich in precious metals including gold, the production of which has grown over recent years.

Most of the separatist groups operate independently, but some recent reports in local media have pointed to increasing cooperation between them.

Pakistani security forces have been their main focus, but in recent years they have also targeted Chinese interests, given Beijing's increasing economic footprint in the region.

Among China's major projects in Balochistan is the port of Gwadar, strategically located near the Strait of Hormuz - a crucial oil shipping route in the Arabian Sea. Chinese engineers working at the port came under attack from an operation claimed by the BLA last year.

A Chinese company also operates a major gold and copper mine in Balochistan.

The security of its nationals in Pakistan has become a major issue for Beijing, especially since it launched the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which envisages development projects worth more than $60 billion.

The BLA says it attacks Chinese nationals because Beijing ignored warnings not to enter deals and agreements regarding Balochistan before the province had been "liberated". Reuters has not been able to verify its claims independently.

The group demands that all Pakistani security forces withdraw from Balochistan and has suggested negotiations in the presence of an "international guarantor".

It claims its "Fidayees" (guerrillas) are made up of young, educated Baloch who are disillusioned by hardship and being sidelined from economic development.

Under its current guise, the BLA was led by Balach Marri, scion of an influential Baloch family. Security officials said Marri was killed in neighbouring Afghanistan in 2007, where he had established a base and hideout.

After initially being hampered by Marri's death, the BLA has accelerated its attacks, particularly in the last year.

The group says it is currently led by a man named Bashir Zeb Baloch, the organisation's shadowy commander-in-chief about whom little is known.

The BLA has claimed a number of major attacks in recent months, including a simultaneous storming of two paramilitary bases in Balochistan earlier this year.

Most of the attacks take place in Balochistan or in the southern city of Karachi, Pakistan's commercial hub located close to the province.

The BLA claimed attacks there on the Pakistan Stock Exchange Building in 2020 and the Chinese consulate in 2018.