#陕西交友

[fouryearsofshades]

#老人关机骑行一个月去看梦中大桥#

潇湘晨报 9-20 14:28

【对话陕西76岁“出逃爷爷”陈有银：种地一生，我关掉手机偷偷骑行数千里看梦中大桥】#藏不住的青春# 76岁的老人陈有银是陕西黄土地上的一个普通农民。除了1970年应征入伍，至河南开封当了几年兵，他这辈子没有离开过家乡西安蓝田县的土地。

当兵时连长描述其老家武汉长江大桥的景象，总在他心头徘徊。往后近五十年里，他日复一日面对着土地和庄稼，那些景象的细节模糊了，只记得那座大桥“有多美”、“有多好”。

近两年有高龄战友向他描述外面的世界，说要抓紧时间出门看看，他真是心动了，这辈子还能亲眼检验那种在脑海里扎根的“美”吗？

2024年8月8日，趁地里是农闲期，患病三十多年的妻子近期病情也有好转，陈有银带着一件1975年退伍时带回来的军用雨衣，三身换洗衣服，一大瓶水，以及三十多年前亲友见他家条件不好塞给他的千余元钱，从附近小孩那里借来一辆��色单车，抠掉老年手机的电池，不想麻烦任何人，悄悄离家独自去“圆梦”。

这趟数千里的骑行之路，陈有银没有数过日夜。知晓家人焦急寻找他足足一月，他才发现自己带来了更大的“麻烦”。他被家人从武汉接回家时，其实还没有找到连长说的那座武汉长江大桥。他选择让这个念想默默消散：这一路上看到的，已经足够啦。

#The old man switched off his mobile phone and rode for a month to see the bridge of his dreams#

Xiaoxiang Morning Herald 9-20 14:28

[Dialogue with Chen Youyin, a 76-year-old ‘getaway grandfather’ from Shaanxi: after a lifetime of farming, I switched off my mobile phone and secretly rode thousands of miles to see the bridge of my dreams]

#Unhidable Youth#

The 76-year-old Chen Youyin is an ordinary farmer on the yellow soil of Shaanxi. Other than being drafted into the army in 1970 and serving as a soldier in Kaifeng, Henan Province for a few years, he has never left his hometown of Lantian County, Xi'an, in his life.

The sight of the Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan in this company commander's his hometown, described by his company commander when he was in the army, always lingered in his mind. After nearly fifty years of facing the land and crops day in and day out, the details of those scenes are blurred, and he only remembers ‘how beautiful’ and ‘how good’ the bridge was.

In the past two years, some of his advance-age comrades have described the outside world to him, saying that they should seize the opportunity to check out the outside world, and he was really moved by the thought that he would be able to test the ‘beauty’ that had taken root in his mind.

On 8 August 2024, while the field was idle and his wife, who had been sick for more than thirty years, had recently improved, Chen Youyin took with him a military mackintosh that he had brought back with him when he was discharged from the army in 1975, three changes of clothes, a large bottle of water, and more than one thousand yuan that his friends and relatives had stuffed into him more than thirty years ago when they saw that his family was not in a good condition. Borrowing a yellow bicycle from a nearby child and removing the batteries from his mobile phone as he did not want to trouble anyone, he quietly left home to ‘fulfil his dream’ alone.

During this trip of thousands of miles of riding, Chen Youyin did not count the days and nights. Knowing that his family was anxiously looking for him for a full month, he finally realised that he was in bigger ‘trouble’. When he was picked up by his family from Wuhan, he hadn't yet found the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge that his company commander had told him about. He chose to let the thought dissipate: what he had seen along the way was enough.

一、走失的76岁老人 8月上旬，西安蓝田当地多个救援队发布的一份寻人启事传播开来，称一名76岁老人陈有银于8月8日中午12时从村里骑行一辆黄色共享单车出村走失，一直未归，查监控发现老人于当日中午1时许在当地白鹿广场附近出现，走失时上身穿白底蓝格子衬衫，灰色裤子，脚穿咖色皮鞋。家属寻找未果，已报警。 陈有银本人对此浑然不知。在他描述的版本里，8日中午，他照常做了三碗面条，和妻子、孙子一起吃完。然后好好洗了个澡，换上一身干净衣裳，取出自己藏了三十多年的千元积蓄——平常家里的钱都归妻子管，买东西哪怕找了一元钱零钱都会交还给妻子。那天他买了一桶油，找回来的零钱照例放桌上，所以家人都以为他出门时身无分文。 出发前，陈有银把老人机的电池抠了。他不想让家人知道，一是怕看他年纪大阻拦，二是怕见他态度坚决，又要麻烦他们出钱出力给自己圆梦。自己骑个共享单车，一路上节约节约，应该也能做到。他也考虑过要不要留张纸条，但想想应该就几天的事，算了。

A lost 76-year-old man

In early August, a search notice posted by many rescue teams in Xi'an Lantian was spread, saying that a 76-year-old man, Chen Youyin, on August 8 at 12 noon was lost from the village riding a yellow shared bike out of the village and has not returned since turn. Checking the monitoring feed, it was found that the elder had appeared on the day at 1:00 pm in the local White Deer Plaza. He was wearing a white blue checkered shirt, grey trousers, and a pair of coffee-coloured leather shoes at the time. Family members had searched for him but with no avail and has been reported to the police. Chen Youyin himself is unaware of this. In his version of the story, at noon on the 8th, he made three bowls of noodles as usual, and ate together with his wife and grandson. Then he had a good bath, put on a clean clothes, take out the thousands of dollars savings that he had been hiding for over 30 years - usually money at home was managed by his wife; Even when he receive a dollar change when purchasing things he will give it back to his wife. That day he bought a barrel of oil and put the change on the table as usual, so the family thought he went out with no money on him. Before leaving, Chen Youyin plucked the battery of his elder's phone. He did not want his family to know; for one he was afraid that they will stop him due to his old age, and two he was afraid to trouble them so spent money and effort to see his dream came true when they realised that he was unyielding. He should be able to do it by himself by riding a shared bicycle and travelling on a budget. He also considered whether to leave a note, but thought that it should only take a few days, so he let it pass.

二、沿着国道问路走，遇见的好人很多 陈有银推测，顺着沿江的国道，应该就能到武汉。他一路东出潼关，去了河南三门峡、曾经当过兵的开封、郑州，随后南下武汉。每天骑行50里到100里，前十天还有些累，后面越骑越轻松，饿了就买些馒头、面条，晚上就用军用雨衣铺地，穿衣服睡。 途中陈有银看到了与老家黄土地迥然不同的地貌，还有那些他从来没有种过、各式各样的庄稼。以前在开封当兵的时候，路上黄沙飞天，行人嘴都不敢张，如今变成一片绿林，泥路和土包变成了宽敞大道和高楼。他还去找了自己的“老连队”，都焕然一新了。留守的战友听说他要骑行去武汉，给他赞助了一套新衣新鞋。 路上陈有银还有一个感受，就是好人挺多。遇到那些陕西老乡开店的，见他独自在外，不肯收他钱，对他像邻居一样亲切。 出于安全考虑，他在晚上通常不骑车，推着车走。有回他遇见一名骑摩托的女同志，谁也不认识谁，一直跟在他后头。他后来才意识到对方是开着车灯想给他照亮路。他说对方是名女同志，方向和自己又完全相反，不要再帮自己。接着他发现摩托车走了，警车紧接着来了，那名女同志出于担心报了警。民警了解完他的情况，也在后头打开车灯给他照路，直到他找着落脚点。 这一路上，陈有银怕迷路，沿着国道没进过城，直到武汉。

2. asking for directions along the national highway, meting a lot of good Samaritan

Chen Youyin speculated that he should be able to get to Wuhan if he travel along the national highway by the river. He went all the way east out of Tongguan, to Henan Sanmenxia and to Kaifeng and Zhengzhou where he was once a soldier, and then south to Wuhan. Riding 50 miles to 100 miles a day, he felt a little bit tired during the first ten days, but it got easier and easier the more he rode. When he was hungry, he would then buy some mantou and noodles. At night he would pave the ground with his military mackintosh and sleep in his clothes.

On the way, Chen Youyin had saw a very different landscape from his hometown, and all kinds of crops that he had planted. While he was in the army in Kaifeng, the road was dusty with yellow sands flying in sky and the pedestrians dared not to open their mouths; now it has turned into green forest, and the dirt roads and mount into a spacious avenue and high-rise buildings. He also went to find his ‘old company’, which was also brand new beyond recognition. When the comrades stationed there heard that he was going to ride to Wuhan, they sponsored him a set of new clothes and shoes. On the road, Chen Youyin also has a feeling that there are a lot of good people. When he met those fellow Shaanxi countrymen who opened shops, they refused to charge him money when they saw him alone outside of his hometown, and were as kind to him as neighbours.

For safety reasons, he usually didn't ride his bike at night and pushes it along. One time he met a comrade woman riding a motorbike. Neither of them knew each other and she kept following him. He later realised that she was trying to light his way with her headlights. He told her that she was a comrade woman and was going in the exact opposite direction to him, so she should stop helping him. Then he found that the motorbike was gone, but a police car came next. The comrade called the police as she was worried for him. The police, after understanding his situation, also followed behind him back and highting him the road, until he found the resting spot.

On the way, Chen Youyin was afraid of getting lost, so he travelled along the national highway and did not enter any city until he reached Wuhan.

三、出租车里没有人，怎么也能在路上跑啊？

在武汉看到的第一座大桥就让陈有银震惊到了，这应该就是连长说的多美、多好的大桥吧。他一层一层地数，一座足足有五层的钢架大桥，十分壮观。可惜人不能上去。这个上午陈有银在附近逛来逛去，还琢磨了好一会这五层分别是干什么用的，如果是方便军人站岗守桥，也不需要盖这么高呀。他的这个猜想被路人否定了，他也随后得知这座桥不是连长所说的那一座。武汉有十二座长江大桥，距离挺远，他得进城慢慢找。

陈有银接着又看到了两座桥，只有一层桥道的它们相比第一座就显得有些普通，但晚上开了灯还是很漂亮。他还看到宽广的江面上有一辆大船驶过，有人上上下下，老家的河哪能供这种船开呀。

到武汉这两天，陈有银不怎么赶路了，他在大桥周边闲逛，碰到了很多新奇的东西。“别的不说，就是那个出租车吧，我就感觉很奇怪，我想这个车子在路上跑，怎么没有人开哦，和别人一问，人家说这是无人驾驶啊！”陈有银就想，现在发展确实快，自己在的村庄没有什么改变，外面的城市变化竟然这么大。

第二天晚上，陈有银在大桥桥头附近的椅子上睡着，但没多久就被路过的洒水车弄醒了。陈有银又走走走，在一片高楼中迷了路。

3. There is no one in the taxi; how can it also run on the road?

The first bridge he saw in Wuhan shocked Chen Youyin to the point that he thought this should be the very beautiful very nice bridge that the company commander said. He counted it layer by layer. It was a steel bridge that had as much as five layers; very spectacular. It was a pity that people couldn't go up. This morning Chen Youyin wandered around the neighbourhood, pondering for quite a while what these five layers are for, if it was for soldiers to station and guard the bridge, there was no need to build it so high. His conjecture was denied by a passers-by. He also subsequently learned that the bridge was not the one that his company commander mentioend. Wuhan has twelve bridges across Yangtze River and they were rather away from each other. He had to go into the city to find it slowly.

Chen Youyin then saw two more bridges. With only one layer, they looked a little ordinary compared to the first bridge, but at night when the lights are on they were still very beautiful. He also saw a big boat sailing on the wide river with people going up and down. The river back home could never be used for sailing this kind of boat. Arriving at Wuhan in the last two days, Chen Youyin hadn't much rush. Hhe wandered around the bridge and came across a lot of new things. ‘Not to mention, that taxi, I feel very strange. I thought this car was running on the road, but how come no one was driving it. After after someone, they said it is a driverless car!’ Chen Youyin thought, now the development was really fast; his village has not changed much, but cities outside has dramatically transformed.

The next night, Chen Youyin fell asleep on a chair near the bridge, but it did not take long to be woken up by the passing sprinkler. Chen Youyin walked and walked again and got lost in a field of tall buildings.

四、“失联”一个月后，大桥没找到，生活回来了

9月7日深夜，陈东毅突然接到民警的电话，称找到他父亲陈有银了，人在武汉。陈东毅当即连夜驱车赶往。

陈有银压根没想惊动家人。他找不着路，走进途经的派出所。民警见他模样，以为是流浪汉，不让他走，给他做饭，让他休息，要给他买车票回西安。陈有银说自己有钱，���用麻烦。民警不放心，想联系他家人。

这一联系才发现，老人原来是蓝田县当地寻找了一月的走失人口。而陈有银才知道自己足足出来了一个月。子女们焦灼万分，不仅自己找，还发动整个村里的青壮年在村里村外找了个遍。

9月8日上午9时多，家人赶到派出所时，虽然什么话都没有说，但陈有银知道他们很生气。他听从他们的安排去理了个发，在宾馆开了间房作短暂休息，然后返回西安。陈有银没有再提武汉长江大桥的事。他感觉很对不起小孩，还听说当时有骗子称知道他下落索要1万元，儿子被骗走的200元也让他感到很可惜。

但儿子和女儿心里，气愤平息过后是极大的愧疚。女儿陈女士称，他们从来不知道父亲有这么一个心愿。父亲总是那样的性格，有什么苦都自己挨着，平日本就缺乏沟通，父亲又格外怕麻烦到他们。

9月15日，在陕西老家的陈有银收到了一张照片，武汉市公安局硚口区分局将长江日报记者拍摄的“万里长江第一桥”照片洗出来，寄给了他。

4. After he was ‘lost’ for a month, the bridge was still not found but real life has returned

Late at night on September 7, Chen Dongyi suddenly received a phone call from the police, saying that his father Chen Youyin was found in Wuhan. Chen Dongyi immediately drove there overnight.

Chen Youyin did not want to disturb his family. He couldn't find his way, so he walked into a police station. The police saw his appearance and thought he was a homeless person and so they did not let him go, cook for him, let him rest, and buy him a ticket back to Xi'an. Chen Youyin said he had money and there no need to bother. The police was not assured and wanted to contact his family.

Once they got into contact they found that the old man turned out to be a missing person from Lantian County that the locals had sought out for a month. And Chen Youyin just found out that he had been out for a full month. His children were so anxious that not only they to find him on own, but also mobilised the entire village of young adults to search all over the village.

On September 8 past 9 o'clock in the morning, the family has rushed to the police station. Although nothing was said, Chen Youyin knew that they wre furious. He listened to their arrangements to get a haircut and rest in the hotel room for a short break, and then they returned to Xi'an. Chen Youyin did not mention the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge again. He felt very sorry for his children. He also heard that there was fraudster claimed to know his whereabouts and demanded 10,000 yuan. The fact that his son was cheated out of 200 yuan also made him feel very sorry.

But in his son's and daughter's heart, after the anger subsided, a great guilt was left. The daughter Ms Chen claimed that they never knew that his father had such a wish. Father was always that kind of character, who bores all sufferings on their own. Not only there was a lack of communication in everyday life, father was particularly afraid of troubling them.

On September 15, Chen Youyin, back in his hometown in Shaanxi, received a photo. Wuhan Police Bureau Qiaokou District Branch had printed out a photo of ‘first bridge on the Yangtze River’ photo taken by a Yangtze River Daily reporter and sent it to him.

THE END

Aftermath:

9月20日，武汉市文化和旅游局官方账号发布动态，称将邀请陕西“出逃爷爷”陈有银及其家人再次去到武汉，看桥看江看湖。

On September 20, Wuhan City Culture and Tourism Bureau official account issued a post, claiming that they will invite Shaanxi ‘’runaway grandfather‘’ Chen Youyin and his family to go to Wuhan again to see the bridge, the river, and the lake.

[shanghai1109]

转眼又是一年

又一次想起了汤不热。这回是在折叠屏的小三星上重装一遍，重新登录。系统已经要求更改新的密码了。

打开之后惊讶看到最近的文字，居然几乎就是在一年之前，而我已经几乎完全没有了印象。读下来还是感觉珍贵，在不同的人生阶段，在似水流年划过皮肤的时候，不管是文字的还是视频的，忠实记录，都是一件有价值的事情。这件事情如果不是发自本心的“想做”，最终只会沦为空中飘过的一行小字罢了。

我写写这“忽然又一年”吧。确实是快，发生的事情掰着手指算算也不少。现在已经不住在之前的一室户了，过完年后搬到了同小区的精装二室，而且爸妈间歇性过来长住，三人一猫，好吃好喝；去年12月入职了几乎平薪的新工作，很不要命地拼了半年，钱多事更多，成长不是没有但负面的情绪更多，结果5月中旬被宣告不合适，赶着6个月的试用期结束又回归了无业，这回赔偿金寥寥无几，但吃着自己的积蓄一直不紧不慢地躺平，一晃5个月马上要半年，如同上山修行一样的修心，看各种信息，看书思考，看演出接受新的刺激，殊无焦虑，还没过厌；奇犽茁壮成长成大男孩了，聪明机灵，会看眼色，大部分时间都是萌萌的小甜心，很高兴养的他如此神气活现，每天晚上床头床脚没有他可能都会不习惯。

在赋闲了这么5个月之后，近期做下了重要的决定：利用爷爷奶奶房产处理后的家庭资产，去爱尔兰拼搏一个真正属于自己的、想要的、未来生活。确认了中介，先就近把二硕的申请完成；再从长计议看兼职的岗位、和phd的可能性。预计明年9月在翡翠岛开始新的征程。这不是一个仓促的决定，也不是一个逃避的决定，是一个恰逢其时、我想牢牢抓住的重要机遇，我猜它会让我未来的人生截然不同。但我没有十分非常兴奋或者激动，关于未来的各种美好蓝图描绘多了，可能人终于还是免疫了，按部就班地推进吧，用我自己不紧不慢的节奏，我感兴趣的东西还有很多，想吃进去的知识想去推开的未知想去碰撞的新东西，还有，所幸还有。

36岁的生日是过完了的，想想30岁生日那天，刚来上海，憧憬无限，和栋吃了西餐看了餐厅晚上的跳舞，她为我买了蛋糕，我们拍了拍立得照片，那天散后我等了公交车，回到陕西北路那个我幸运捡漏又收拾地温馨舒适的小窝，等着第二天再元气满满去附近的688上游刃有余的那个班。6年了呢居然，3年是疫情，我工作都换了好几次，栋，也走散了。她上一次跟我联系是今年的春节期间，又一次说家人进了ICU，五千一万地要借，我终于还是没抹开面子，转了2000元“心意”，然后就没有然后了。我在国内能说的深一点话的朋友，这回彻底没有了。我很遗憾，但也觉一丝快慰：无甚留恋，就冲向欧洲，冲向未来完事。

有什么关系呢？你按你自己的节奏，选择你可以选择的下一步，尽可能分析权衡，之后就轻装上阵吧，不管别人怎么想，我觉得36没有任何限制，当置身于一个正常的基本健康的社会的时候，依然是一个可以创造无限可能，拥有幸福的，好时节。

[fangzhouzi]

杜诗解读：清明二首之二

　　此身飘泊苦西东，右臂偏枯半耳聋。

　　寂寂系舟双下泪，悠悠伏枕左书空。

　　十年蹴鞠将雏远，万里秋千习俗同。

　　旅雁上云归紫塞，家人钻火用青枫。

　　秦城楼阁烟花里，汉主山河锦锈中。

　　春去春来洞庭阔，白苹愁杀白头翁。

　　《清明二首》两首诗每一首都有六联十二句，属于七言排律。律诗一般四联八句，中间两联对仗，写长了就叫做排律，不管多长除了头尾两联都要对仗，所以排律很难写。《清明二首》第一首堆砌了很多典故，一般人不知道那些典故，欣赏不了，但把那些典故解释清楚就会索然无味。所以第一首我就不说了，���解读第二首。这两首诗的关联性不强，即使不知道第一首，也不妨碍欣赏第二首。

　　这首诗的主旨是杜甫想回老家。杜甫在成都听说老家河南已经被官军收复，马上就想到回去，也就是大家在中学学过的“白日放歌须纵酒，青春作伴好还乡”（《闻官军收河南河北》）。他甚至还规划了回家的路线，那就是走水路，坐船顺流而下，“即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳。”洛阳在河南，指代杜甫的老家。但他只是有了这个想法，并没有马上去实现，在成都又待了两年。两年之后才开始动身，买了一艘船，带着全家沿着长江顺流而下。

　　到了夔州（现在的重庆奉节），他又停下来待了一年十个月。夔州的生活对他来说相对安逸，不到两年就写了400多首诗。这是他最高产的时期，而且精品非常多，像《登高》《秋兴八首》《诸将五首》《咏怀古迹五首》《阁夜》都是他在夔州时写的。那是中国文学史上的一个奇迹，可以把它叫做“杜甫的奇迹年”。他在夔州呆了不到两年之后，大历三年正月继续带着全家坐船出了三峡，沿长江顺流而下。

　　到了江陵（湖北荆州），本该北上，“便下襄阳向洛阳”，但打听到商州一带又发生了战乱，没法再往北走了。回不了家怎么办呢？只能在江陵暂时住下来。这么一耽搁，生活就出问题了。身上没有那么多钱，又不可能去打工，只能结交地方官员，或者靠远房亲戚、以前认识的朋友接济一下，以解决生活问题，毕竟一家老小都跟着。但在这种情况下，就不可能在一个地方待很长时间，待得太久，接待的人也很烦，所以一般几个月就得换别的地方。杜甫在江陵待了几个月后，没法往北走，就沿着长江南下，到了湖北的公安。在公安待了几个月又得离开，依然沿着长江继续往前，漂流到湖南的岳阳。“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼”，第一次看到了洞庭湖，留下了一首描写洞庭湖的千古绝唱《登岳阳楼》。在岳阳待了几个月之后，还得继续往前走。这回没法顺着长江往前漂了，就往南渡过了洞庭湖，再沿着湘江逆流而上，到了潭州（湖南长沙）。这组诗就是他到长沙后，清明时节写的。

　　第二首诗一开头就在讲自己这辈子一直漂泊之苦：“此身飘泊苦西东，右臂偏枯半耳聋。”

　　他的“飘泊”跟我们现在所谓的漂泊不一样。我们现在说到哪打工、留学，也喜欢说自己在漂泊、流浪，比如“北漂”。杜甫的漂泊则是被迫的，由于战乱，只好拉家带口到处跑。即使是年轻时、身体健康，这种漂泊本来也已经够悲苦了，更何况老迈年高，一身是病。杜甫当时有什么病呢？“右臂偏枯”，他的右臂已经不能动弹，中风了；“半耳聋”，耳朵也有一半聋了（两只耳朵有一只聋了，不是半只耳朵聋了）。他在夔州写过一首《复阴》，说“夔子之国杜陵翁，牙齿半落左耳聋”，可知他的左耳朵在夔州时就已经聋了。

　　接下来的第二联继续写他的飘泊和多病：“寂寂系舟双下泪，悠悠伏枕左书空。”

　　上半联继续写漂泊。他的“飘泊”并不是比喻，是真的坐在船里到处漂。到一个地方停下时，还不可能上岸就有房子住，而是船系在岸边，人住在船里。周围没有别人，显得非常孤单，“寂寂”就是很孤单的样子，比一般的漂泊更悲苦。想到这种情况就两眼流泪，所以说“双下泪”。为什么要强调“双下泪”呢？因为上一联提到了“半耳聋”，“双下泪”跟它呼应——两个耳朵已经有一个聋了，两只眼睛虽然还好，却都在流泪。

　　下半联继续写多病。“悠悠”有几种意思，这里跟“悠悠我心”一样，是形容悲伤的样子。“伏枕”，指生病了躺在船上不能动弹，没法到处走，只能一直躺在船上。躺在船上既忧伤又无聊，只好用手在空中写字排遣，就是“书空”。但是已经“右臂偏枯”，只能用左手写，所以叫“左书空”。

　　这两联的飘泊和年迈多病在任何时候都可以写，跟诗题《清明》并不贴切，所以接下来就写清明：“十年蹴踘将雏远，万里秋千习俗同。”

　　清明时玩“蹴踘”（古代的踢足球）和荡“秋千”是一种习俗，这跟诗题《清明》贴上了。这一联不能分开理解，要串起来看，这叫“互文”。第三联的意思就是，十年来“将雏”（带着幼小的孩子），也就是拉家带口走了万里远的路，不论走到哪里，清明时节都看到人们还是在玩“蹴踘”、荡“秋千”，跟自己老家的习俗一样。十年来，每逢看到别人玩这些东西就联想到跟老家一样，表明时刻都在想念着故乡。清明的习俗有很多，为什么特地挑出“蹴踘”和“秋千”呢？这里面有隐喻。看到“蹴踘”，就想到自己这十年来像足球被人踢来踢去；看到“秋千”，就想到自己这万里飘泊像秋千荡上荡下。

　　“万里”当然是夸张的说法，杜甫在诗里面喜欢用“万里”；但“十年”并不夸张，真的是漂泊了十年。从他乾元二年在华州（陕西渭南市华州区）司功小小的官任上辞职不干、带着全家去漂泊算起：先到秦州（甘肃天水）待了一段，后在同谷（甘肃成县）几个月差点全家饿死；又到四川成都住了六年，再到夔州住了差不多两年，现在又流浪到了湖南。乾元二年是公元759年，在湖南长沙写这首诗时是大历四年，也就是公元769年，刚好十年。所以，这个“十年”没有夸张，而且也不是一个虚数，是很精确的一个数字。

　　第四联写景：“旅雁上云归紫塞，家人钻火用青枫。”

　　上半联写的是抬头往天上看到的远景。“旅雁”指从北方旅行而来的大雁。春天来了，大雁要回北方了。“紫塞”，也就是紫色的关塞。秦朝修建长城、汉朝修建关塞，都用紫色的泥土，看上去是紫色的，因此叫做“紫塞”。这里用“紫塞”指代北方。大雁回北方老家，只要飞上云天就可以走了；但人要回老家，没法像大雁一样飞回去。这是在感慨自己还不如大雁。

　　下半联写低头看到的近景，自己的家人在钻木取火。为什么要取火呢？古代清明时候要停火三天，吃三天寒食（冷饭），三天过后要重新开火，那就要取火了，“钻火”指的就是取火。取火是有讲究的，北方清明取火用榆树或柳树，而湖南那时取火用的是“青枫”。所以，上一联说的“习俗同”只是形式相同，其实并不完全一样。这里强调各地有不同的清明习俗，是要表达一个意思：毕竟身在异地，不能把异地当家乡。

　　“秦城楼阁烟花里，汉主山河锦锈中”，这一联是在想象。

　　唐人喜欢用“秦城”指长安，用“汉主”指当今天子。杜甫在想象现在的都城长安和周围的山河，春天来了，到处都是鲜花，该有多么美。这只是想象，望是望不到的，只能说是在想望。杜甫自从十年前离开长安之后，就再也没有回过长安了，但“每依北斗望京华”（《秋兴八首》），一直在想着长安，对长安念念不忘。因为长安是国家的政治中心，所以第五联把个人的不幸与国家的安危联系在一起，意义升华了：以多病之身漂泊流浪到了江湖之远，也还是念念不忘国家的安危。

　　他能不能再去长安，能不能回到老家？我们看最后一联：“春去春来洞庭阔，白苹愁杀白头翁。”

　　杜甫当时在潭州（长沙），不在洞庭湖边上，看不到洞庭湖，所以他这里写的“洞庭阔”并不是他看到的景色。为什么要写没有看见的洞庭湖呢？因为从长沙回老家要北上，就必须先渡过洞庭湖。洞庭湖非常宽阔，那时是中国的第一大湖，面积是现在洞庭湖的两倍以上，这么宽阔的湖泊就是回家的一大障碍。而且湖泊一直就那么宽阔，不是春天来了，春水上涨才变阔的。春去春来一直都是一大障碍，并不是春天过去，春水退了就可以轻易渡过的。所以，“洞庭阔”代表着自己回家乡的重重障碍。

　　看到宽阔的洞庭湖，也看到了湖上有“白苹”。白苹就是浮萍，漂泊的人看到水上的浮萍就会感到一种哀愁。为什么不叫浮萍，而叫白苹呢？因为浮萍开的花是白色的。但浮萍夏天才开花，清明时还没有开花，他看到浮萍想到浮萍也叫白苹，再由“白”字想到自己已经白发苍苍，垂垂老矣，来日无多，很可能没法再渡过洞庭湖，突破重重障碍回到老家了。杜甫最终的确没能回到老家。

　　在潭州住了几个月之后，他又得离开了。他打听到青年时代结交的一个好朋友现在在衡州（现衡阳）当刺史，就想去投奔他，于是从潭州出发，沿湘江逆流而上。好不容易到了衡州，好朋友已经被调到潭州去当刺史了，所以又赶回潭州。到了潭州才知道，他的朋友就任没多久就病死了，他在潭州又没有了依靠。在潭州呆了一段时间后，潭州发生了叛乱，新任刺史被人杀了。这时的潭州很危险，杜甫又得离开。

　　他打听到一个远房亲戚在郴州当官，那更远了，在潭州南方。他想去郴州投靠亲戚，就继续出发漂泊，又乘船逆流而上。结果耒阳发大水，过不了，一家人困在舟中饿了5天。幸好耒阳县令知道了，给他送来了牛肉和酒，才没有饿死。郴州过不去，只好又回到潭州。住了一段时间后又想去岳阳，去岳阳又得过洞庭湖，他在洞庭湖上再次中风，这一次就没有恢复过来，死在了洞庭湖的船上。他在临死前写了一首很长的诗送给湖南的亲友，这首是三十六联的五言排律，是他的绝笔。在绝笔中有两句：“战血流依旧，军声动至今”（《风疾舟中伏枕书怀三十六韵奉呈湖南亲友》），至死都念念不忘战乱未休。

　　杜甫死后，他的儿子很穷，没办法把棺材送回老家。棺材暂时停放在岳阳，这一停放，就停放了40多年。他的二儿子有一个儿子，找亲朋好友资助盘缠，把爷爷的棺材护送回老家，埋在河南的首阳山。这个时候，杜甫已经死了四十多年了，终于魂归故里。

　　2024.04.05录制

　　2024.05.06整理