#сахал��н

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Chuvash vocabulary- some adjectives

Adjectives are negated by placing ��мар” (mar) after them. So чипер, beautiful, becomes чипер мар, ��not beautiful”. You don’t need to worry about vowel harmony here. In Chuvash, adjectives are not declined to agree with nouns.  ватă - Old (of a person) кивĕ - old (of a thing) аслă - older, senior кĕçĕн - younger, junior çамрăк - young çĕнĕ - new пысăк - big пĕчĕк - small ăслă - clever (minimal pair!) ухмах - stupid шултра - large вĕтĕ - tiny хаклă - expensive йÿнĕ - cheap лайăх - good аван - good начар - bad вăйлă - strong (вăй on its own means strength, and adding лă/лĕ makes it an adjective) вăйсăр - weak (by putting сăр/сĕр on the end, we create a word meaning “without x” so “weak” is literally “without strength”) сивĕ - cold. A fairly useful word in Chuvashia honestly. ăшă - warm вĕри - hot нумай - many сахал - few вăрăм - long, high, tall çÿлĕ - tall лутра - short, low тÿрĕ - direct пылак - sweet тутлă - tasty йÿçĕ - sour ырă - good, kind  усал - mean хӳхӗм - beautiful, прекрасный илемлĕ - beautiful кăлтăклă - inadequate (кăлтăк= a mistake, a shortcoming) кăлтăксăр - perfect, impeccable вăтанăç - shy савӑнӑҫлӑ - joyful телейлĕ - happy кăсăк - interesting кукăр - crooked лапчăк - flat  çăмăл - light, easy хытă - hard йывăр - heavy çинçе - narrow, thin, slender  сарлака - wide анлă - wide, open (like a field) сайра - rare тарăн - deep хаяр - sharp, cruel кирлĕ - necessary. This is used like нужен in russian- you can say “мана ручка кирлĕ” for example, as “I need a pen”, just like “мне нужна ручка”  нÿрĕ - damp йĕпе - wet ăнăçлă - lucky, successful алама - dirty, rubbish таса - clean юлхав - lazy There are two ways of doing a comparative in Chuvash. You can use the suffix (та)рах/(те)рех like -er in English- so you could use it if asked to pick between options,  for example- “Мĕнле йÿнĕрех?” “Which is cheaper?” “ку йÿнĕрех/йÿнĕтерех”  “this is cheaper” you use тарах and терех if the word ends in  в, л, м, н, р or й.  The second way is to use the inferior noun in the ablative case (ран/рен/тан/тен) and not decline the adjective. “вăл манран ăслă” would be “he is cleverer than me”. To form the superlative, you don’t decline the adjective, but instead place the word чи in front of it. So to say “my mum is the best!”, you’d say “манăн аннем ЧИ лайăх!”.  By adding -хи after the comparative form, you can make an adjectival noun meaning “the -er one”. So you could take the adjective  “пуян”, make the comparative as “пуянрах” and then add хи as “пуянраххи” to create a noun meaning “the one who is richer”. The same suffix works for non-comparative nouns, but the difference is instead of using х, it reduplicates the final consonant, or if it ends in any vowel other than ĕ/ă, it replaces that vowel . So вăрăм  could become вăрăмми, “the one who is long/high”. Likewise шурă, white, becomes шурри, “the white one”.  By adding the suffix скер, which doesn’t vary. you create a similar thing, but in this case it means “one of the x ones”. So пуянскер would be “one of the rich ones”, and пуянрахскер would be “one of the richer ones"

Some intensifiers чăн - extremely, truly; питĕ, пит, питĕрех - very, extremely, superlatively; ытла, ытах, ытлашши - too, very; майсăр - very, extremely, incredibly; темĕн тĕрлĕ - unusually майĕ çук - indescribably. акăш-макăш - unusally, unbelievably, very