#anagenesis

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Did allosaurus evolve into something else? Or did their lineage just die out? Or do we not know

We don't know

phylogenies are really good at figuring out relationships but not so good at figuring out when a species directly evolved into another

so it may have died out. or maybe it did evolve into the later Allosauroids we see. Something like it continued on to form those groups, if nothing else

[neonjawbone]

NEW SKETCHBOOK CLUB POST UP FOR MY PATRONS

22 pages of sketches from mar-april. Lots of character design exploration for new ideas and old ideas Im coming back too. Plus a mess of elden ring stuff. ENJOY.

[mmxxvc9dzjhy]

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[miyanagateru]

im a sicko but im a reasonable sicko so i just only craft 1 fmjv a day for my bullet grind. how many do i need in total.... 33? thats so easy

[dragonfelling]

Feel free to ping me when you do these prompts! I'd love to see what people do with them Thanks to some friends for helping me come up with some of these prompts!

faq under cut

What do I do with these prompts?, interpret them as you want. feel free to skip days or change days its all for your own fun I plan to do this with some fantasy creatures but its all good to do some more earthly speculative biology

What media can I do this in? Any! Write, draw, do what you want to

What is anagenesis and cladogenesis? Well first I spelled it wrong on the thing but whatever- anyways anagenesis is evolutionary change producing a single lineage in which one taxon replaces another without branching. (Think: Peppered moths) and Cladogenesis is the branching of evolutionary lineages, whereby an ancestral species can give rise to two or more descendant species ( think an ancestor species evolving into giraffes and okapi )

If you have any questions ask them in replies

[greenfrog04]

Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)

Published 28th November 2023

Phylogenetic reanalysis of Daspletosaurus wilsoni reveals a cladogenetic Tyrannosaurinae composed of four morphologically and biogeographically distinct clades that are formally defined and diagnosed (Teratophoneini clade and Tyrannosaurini).

Cladistic analyses strict consensus phylogeny of Tyrannosaurinae

Stratigraphic distribution of the species of Daspletosaurus

Source:

[icharchivist]

do you think he just used anagenesis on the artists and had them draw him like that?

for sure, but honestly i'm just convinced that there is like one artist in the granblue team who has to remain horny at all time and ready to unleash all of their power at any given time.

so maybe it's exactly what an anagenesis is like on them. horny beam but for realsies.

[reijnders]

this WAS gonna b Spectember day 7: anagenesis and cladogenesis but... i got too into it and only managed the strength to draw what im callin for now proto fairies

looking there at that snippet of my notes from last night, these guys are Almost fairies, kinda like how australopithecus is a little guy that’s Almost us

these lil guys still bring in the seasons and have talents, that’s Innate in fairies, but certain more hands-on talents havent evolved yet. for instance, garden fairies have been tending flowers since always, and recently incorporated naturally occurring pixie dust into their craft, but baking and tinker talents are barely there. 

[anagenesisbeauty]

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[goldenteaset]

Mmmmh. The idea of walking into a dark room or hallway or anything and the first thing you see being the faint red glow of Belial's eyes is just really appealing to me

Glowing eyes are sooooo hot

And I'm sure he knows and makes sure they glow on purpose so you can always marvel at his pretty eyes

It really is, especially if he doesn't say anything at first. >:3 Or, alternatively, he does, and your brain has to go into overdrive figuring out who said that and if they're the ones glowing ominously/pleasantly!

I wouldn't be surprised if he did that on purpose, he'd love to show off like that. XD And then lull you into a false sense of security so you're not prepared for Anagenesis

[anagenesisbeautysecrets]

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[reneg661]

Is a genus of small protoceratopsid dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous, around 75 to 71 million years ago. The genus Protoceratops includes two species: P. andrewsi and the larger P. hellenikorhinus. The former was described in 1923 with fossils from the Mongolian Djadokhta Formation, and the latter in 2001 with fossils from the Chinese Bayan Mandahu Formation. Protoceratops was initially believed to be an ancestor of ankylosaurians and larger ceratopsians, such as Triceratops and relatives, until the discoveries of other protoceratopsids. Populations of P. andrewsi may have evolved into Bagaceratops through anagenesis. Protoceratops were small ceratopsians, up to 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) long and around 62–104 kg (137–229 lb) in body mass. While adults were largely quadrupedal, juveniles had the capacity to walk around bipedally if necessary. They were characterized by a proportionally large skull, short and stiff neck, and neck frill. The frill was likely used for display or intraspecific combat, as well as protection of the neck and anchoring of jaw muscles. A horn-like structure was present over the nose, which varied from a single structure in P. andrewsi to a double, paired structure in P. hellenikorhinus. The "horn" and frill were highly variable in shape and size across individuals of the same species, but there is no evidence of sexual dimorphism. They had a prominent parrot-like beak at the tip of the jaws. P. andrewsi had a pair of cylindrical, blunt teeth near the tip of the upper jaw. The forelimbs had five fingers of which only the first three bore wide and flat unguals. The feet were wide and had four toes with flattened, shovel-like unguals, which would have been useful for digging through the sand. The hindlimbs were longer than the forelimbs. The tail was long and had an enigmatic sail-like structure, which may have been used for display, swimming, or metabolic reasons. Protoceratops, like many other ceratopsians, were herbivores equipped with prominent jaws and teeth suited for chopping foliage and other plant material. They are thought to have lived in highly sociable groups of mixed ages. They appear to have cared for their young. They laid soft-shelled eggs, a rare occurrence in dinosaurs. During maturation, the skull and neck frill underwent rapid growth. Protoceratops were hunted by Velociraptor, and one particularly famous specimen (the Fighting Dinosaurs) preserves a pair of them locked in combat. Protoceratops used to be characterized as nocturnal because of the large sclerotic ring around the eye, but they are now thought to have been cathemeral (active at dawn and dusk).

Herbivore

Art (c) reneg661

[deathhuntersrequiemvn]

Back from a break, here’s some more DHR Character Profiles, this one being the deuteragonist - Ashino Aurion! A mysterious, yet quiet person with a face similar to Jounoichi, Ashino appears the same day his powers started to awaken for the first time. For some reason even though this is their ‘first time’ meeting, it feels as if he’s met Ashino somewhere before all this…. Wielding the scythe known as Anagenesis, they investigate cases relating to Tergiversators and other mysterious happenings around New York, eliminating them if they prove to be a threat to regular humans. Yet why now are they trying to get close to Joey?

Likes: Pastel Pop, obnoxiously sweet desserts, Aschlyn, cleaning their weapons, rhythm games, crafting something with their hands, puns

Dislikes: Their own weaknesses, gang-related groups, their birth parents, dark roast coffee, anything too bitter or sour, people who are wishy-washy with their decisions

[neonjawbone]

HAPPY PATRON FRIDAY which is when every (read: when I have the time/energy/content) Friday I'm post something on patreon for Patrons of all levels

This week: some news and an illustration

[doorbloggr]

18/1/22 - Anagenesis in Ceratopsians, Briefly

Styracosaurus, anthon500 (deviantart)

Speciation, Cladogenesis and Anagenesis

Speciation is a term used by scientists to describe the process by which a population of organisms give rise to a new species. The idea of a species is wholly man-made, and its true definition varies, but for the purpose of this article:

A species is the largest grouping of individuals which can produce fertile offspring from a mating pair. A species can also be defined as having a specific karyotype (a unique arrangement of DNA chromosomes), or in the case where we don't have genetic data, by having enough unique changes to be significantly different from others in their genetic family.

Cladogenesis in Bears, Source

When we discuss speciation, usually it is Cladogenesis that comes to mind. Cladogenesis occurs when a portion of the population splits off and develops adaptations separately. Think for example, Brown Bears and Polar Bears, which we suspect originated from the same ancestor species.

Anagenesis is a different process, where the separation of species is not a difference in space and/or compatibility, but a difference in time. Think for example Homo sapiens and it's ancestors. I could probably trace an uninterrupted line of ancestors back 10s of millions of years ago, but if you dug up that ancestor's bones, palaeontologists wouldn't call it Homo sapiens.

Anagenesis in Hominids, Source

A population separated by nothing but time alone would still be referred to as different species, because they would have different physical traits and genetic make-up.

Both cladogenesis and anagenesis occurs in populations over time. One group may develop without any splintering for millions of years, and then a group splits off later to become a separate species.

Cladogenesis and Anagenesis, Source

Anagenesis in Ceratopsians

So with that explanation out of the way, let's get to the part that's actually interesting: dinosaurs. Like all organisms, speciation in dinosaurs would've occurred by populations splitting up and specialising, or dying out. But recently, the idea of speciation by anagenesis has been proposed in a certain group of dinosaurs.

Ceratopsians are a group mostly identifiable by their large imposing neck frills and face horns. New species are proposed when they differ enough in the shape and length of their eyebrow horns and their nose horns, the height and width of their neck frills, and the arrangements of parietal horns on and around their frill. There's lots of room for variety in ceratopsian face arrangements.

Styracosaurus, Victor Sales (Deviantart)

Styracosaurus is a fairly mainstream dinosaur, but what's probably not as well known are its close relatives. Ceratopsians such as Stellasaurus and Einiosaurus have been found in fossil beds nearby Styracosaurus. And although there may have been some niche partitioning or sexual selection allowing these dinosaurs to coexist in the same place, new research suggests they were the same group separated by time.

Top: Stellasaurus, HodariNundu (deviantart)

Bottom: Einiosaurus, Calisius (deviantart)

Sexual pressures can drive animals to rapidly develop extreme physical traits for no other reason other than to look attractive. Modern dinosaur species (birds) can have a variety of physically exaggerated traits that serve no purpose beyond attracting mates. In Cockatoos, it's erect feather head crests. In Peacocks, it's massive colourful tail plumes. So perhaps in Ceratopsians, it was face and frill ornamentation.

When Stellasaurus was first described as a species separate from Styracosaurus, some Palaeontologists decided that it represented a transitional species. The relatively straight nasal horn of Styracosaurus had developed into a thicker, more curved structure later in the lineage. The neck frill became sturdier and more robust, the frill horns curving in strange directions. The supposed endpoint in the lineage is Pachyrhinosaurus, who's nasal horn is now a solid plate of bone, and the neck frill is decorated with a variety of horns pointing in every which-way. It may be a less pointy dinosaur, but it was very heavily decorated. And sex sells.

Top: Styracosaurus Anagenesis, Christopher DiPiazza

Bottom: Pachyrhinosaurus, Raph Lomotan (deviantart)

The Centrosaurine Styracosaurus lineage is not the only subject of Ceratopsian Anagenesis. The Chasmosaurine line has also been suspected of transitional forms, with the recent discovery of Navajoceratops. But in that lineage, speciation pushed towards longer brow horns and taller neck frills in the younger species.

New discoveries Navajoceratops and Terminocavus, Ville Sinkkonen

It is important to note at the time of writing, these theories are not accepted by all of the Palaeontological community. And that also my explanation is not as detailed or accurate as someone with all the right background knowledge could give. So if you are intrigued as to how this theory could be better explained, here's some further reading:

Chris DiPiazza (2020) Stellasaurus: Beast of the Week

John Wilson et al (2020) A new, transitional centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana and the evolution of the ' Styracosaurus-line' dinosaurs

Stephen Belletini (2020) Was "Rubeosaurus" Styracosaurus After All? YDAW Synapisode #6 (Youtube)

Enrico de Lazaro (2020) Two New Species from New Mexico Help Fill Gap in Evolution of Horned Dinosaurs

[owawaaa]