#when it WAS fort stanwix

[rwwinton]

The History Major instinct to add footnotes to my historical fiction novels because I feel guilty using my Creative License and am afraid no one will go read the Author’s Note at the end...

[karanseraph]

Where are Cybertron's 'hot spots'?

The hot spot/sparkfield phenomenon is pretty much just IDW1 continuity. But I like it, because it's kinda cabbage patch and those toys were there with Transformers making parents crazy to find holiday gifts.

But where are they?

The 12 named spots are NOT including those on the Moons or within any Titans, but are across Cybertron's surface. they are, apparently:

Rivet's Field

Vespertine Blue

Port Residua

Pious Pools

Vauvaire

Sansaw Sanserre

Automica

Warrior's Gate

Eugenesis

Alyon

Mesmerica

Nova Point

If Nova Point = Nova Peak then that means RIvet's Field, Vespertine Blue, Port Residua AND Nova Point are all in some proximity to Iacon.

In a fic, I added a thirteenth spot/field called Quadrivia Quaaltagh which was associated with the Quintesson occupation AND Quantum Drive development and near Unitrex. That's headcanon, of course.

But did we get any notes about where they might be?

I'm at the point where I need to headcanon it, similar to how I headcanoned the map of Cybertron, so that my fic can be internally consistent when bots give each other directions or say where they are from.

Rivet's Field - sounds like Ebbets Field, so it must be the Brooklyn of Cybertron, which is also, apparently, near Iacon. They play some sport in that area.

Vespertine Blue - Dusky, evening Blue. I'm guessing north-east-ish or maybe east of Iacon where the first stars could be seen in a darkling sky. On my map it would also be near Uraya.

Port Residua - Remaining Port? Left Residue? Does Port imply a sea or the left? Our left looking at the map or like stage left? On my Cybertron, this would put it south-east-is of Iacon, north of Nyon (space Paris), on coast of the gaseous Argon Sea. Probably the coastal area has some kind of deposits or residue or withstands something over time.

Pious Pools - near some pools, presumably, as well as canals, apparently, but I don't know where.

Vauvaire - I feel like this is space Riviera, like Vauvert maybe and thus must be near Vos, which is also, basically, space French Riviera and that it is located in a place of wells, like the brecciated terrain of Cybertron's southern hemisphere.

Sansaw Sanserre - I suspect this is near Stanix. Though Stanix is probably the Stanwix of Cybertron (from the ancient terms for strong walls, with Fort Scyk nearby) it also came to be a region for energon wine according to (Ask) Vector Prime, and since Sancerre is a French wine region, Sansaw Sanserre must by near a Cybertronian wine region like Stanix. (My notes also say Shrewsbury for some reason?)

Automica - I'm not sure about this one.

Warrior's Gate - I put this near Tarn because I imagine it references Tarn-Hauser Gate, which itself references Tannhäuser Gate.

Eugenesis - Not sure about this one. Probably very fertile, though.

Alyon - mountains are seen in the distance when it is illustrated, so it could be in Cybertron's Eastern hemisphere situated between manganese mountains and Sonic Canyons, OR it might be in the Western Hemisphere the other side of those mountains, which on my map would put it either near Crystal City or an uninhabited part of the vast Acid Wastes. I'm guessing latter?

Mesmerica - I see that 'Merica, but I also have to think this related to mesmerizing, and that Mesmerica is near a location known for dark science and wizardry where Mindwipe or someone might be and so I suspect this could be near Kalis, but also potentially near Crystal City if Science went wrong. On my Cybertron, Kalis is within the Mithril Sea, though, so maybe Mesmerica is mes- in the intermediate location between Crystal City and Kalis on the Mithril Sea coast.

Nova Point - If Nova Point and Nova Peak are related locations, then this hot spot is ALSO near Iacon, probably west of Iacon, near Nova Cronum as well, like maybe there's a bridge or highway in the area that has views of this sparkfield as one drives into Iacon.

Ideas?

[weirdestbooks]

The Shot Heard Around the World Chapter 28

The Fight Continues (Wattpad | Ao3)

Table of Contents | Prev | Next

August 6, 1777

Kanien'kehà:ka sometimes wondered how he got into these situations. He knew why he was fighting and knew what Britain had promised him and his people, but he found himself growing tired of war. Especially this war, which had done so much damage to his family and friends, with Rotinonshón:ni dealing with his people choosing opposite sides in this war.

Kanien'kehà:ka wished Skarù:ręˀ and Onyota'a:ka had chosen to fight with him. He hoped that this war did not risk Rotinonshón:ni’s life. At least his son had enough sense to maintain neutrality and refuse to fight, not wanting to divide them any further.

Still, Kanien'kehà:ka had decided to fight in this war, so he couldn’t be one to complain. At least he was being led by Thayendanegea and not some British general. Kanien'kehà:ka had long grown familiar with how they saw him, and he wasn’t a fan of it.

He knew they saw him as lesser, as incompetent, and stupid, and he hated it.

True, there was some British leader whose name he didn’t remember with them, but for the most part, Kanien'kehà:ka was surrounded by his people.

They had been preparing an ambush for the rebels in a small ravine where the trail they knew the rebels were traveling on crossed a stream. The thick undergrowth hid Kanien'kehà:ka and his people as the British blocked the path, ensuring that the rebels would stop and get caught in the trap. 

If they stopped the rebels here, it would allow for the British general currently besieging the rebel fort a few miles away to capture it, thus allowing them to gain another victory over the rebels. Despite not being as emotionally invested in this war as the British, Kanien'kehà:ka hoped to win it, knowing that the sooner the war ended, the sooner Rotinonshón:ni could be at peace and they could work to repair broken relationships.

So when Kanien'kehà:ka saw the rebels arriving, he let out a low breath, tensing as he prepared for the ambush. Once the rebels ran into the British, he and his people would swoop in and decimate them, preventing any reinforcements from arriving at Fort Stanwix. 

However, before the rebels had reached the British, some of Kanien'kehà:ka’s men fired, alerting the rebels to the ambush. Angry, but knowing there was nothing that could be done about that now, Kanien'kehà:ka raised his gun to fire at the rebels, taking note of the people that were alongside them.

He knew they must be Skarù:ręˀ or Onyota'a:ka’s people. The thought made him angry. He didn’t want to fight them, but at the same time, he felt that they had betrayed him by joining the rebels. What had happened to Onyota'a:ka’s neutrality?

As much as he wanted to target them, some half-hearted, petty revenge, Kanien'kehà:ka looked away from them. There was no use making things any worse. They had picked their sides. Now, they must learn to deal with them.

The battle went on until a thunderstorm began, and everything seemed to ground to a halt. Kanien'kehà:ka sighed, knowing that the battle would be over soon if the rain continued. No one could fight in this weather, and it was better for them all to head home if it didn’t change soon—no use sitting around and waiting for good weather.

While the rain eventually began to subside and fighting half-heartedly resumed, Kanien'kehà:ka’s people eventually began to withdraw. Kanien'kehà:ka didn’t blame them.

He was tired of fighting, too.

• ───────────────── •

August 16, 1777

Vermont had never felt more nervous than when he had been given his gun. He knew he had decided to fight against the British, but being given that weapon made it all the more real. He had to fight in this battle against the British, as they were planning to attack Bennington, a town in Vermont’s country. 

This was his chance. He wanted to prove not only himself as a nation but also as a son who would be loyal to his father, the United States of America.

He had answered General John Stark’s call for additional forces alongside many people from his country, like Colonel Seth Warner, and had certainly surprised the man, who did not expect a nation-child to arrive. But General Stark, a hero and veteran soldier who had met Vermont’s father, quickly adapted to the situation and welcomed Vermont into his army.

It had been raining non-stop all day, but as soon as the weather cleared on the afternoon of the sixteenth, Vermont and his father’s army made their move to attack the British at their encampment.

General Stark began to rally the troops, talking about how they were fighting for their natural-born rights as Englishmen. Vermont may not have been American, but the words rallied him, too.

"There are your enemies, the Red Coats, and the Tories. They are ours, or this night, Molly Stark sleeps a widow," General Stark then proclaimed. Vermont tightened his grip on his weapon, both wishing he had more experience and yet still eager to fight. 

He was confident they would win this battle, however, as Vermont knew that General Stark had sent Americans disguised as loyalists into the British camp to gather intelligence.

When the attack finally began, Vermont was surprised by how personal it seemed to some of the people he fought alongside. 

Then, he remembered how many loyalists had been called in to fight for the British. How many of his people were fighting against family and friends? If he was not only a few months old, a person who had barely left Westminster, would he be fighting friends, killing people he once knew?

Vermont tried to force the thought out of his mind as he continued to fight his way through the British defenses. The battle was loud and chaotic, and there were a few times when Vermont wanted to throw down his weapon and flee, feeling far too young to fight a war.

But he stayed. If he fled, not only would it damage his personal standing with his father and his army, but it would hurt the reputation of his own country, as they would have a countryhuman that was such a coward. This wasn’t just fighting for his father’s army. Vermont was fighting to protect his own people.

He had to stay and fight for them, the people that brought him into existence.

But as the sun began to set, Vermont and the Americans managed to surround the British forces, which surrendered. Vermont had won his first battle, and he couldn’t help the elated grin that spread across his face at that.

He had won.

Bennington was safe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.5 (before 1940)

1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. 1499 – The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary. 1556 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar. 1605 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament, where he had planted gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the building and kill King James I of England. 1688 – Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland). 1757 – Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach. 1768 – The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies. 1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle. 1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement. 1828 – Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula. 1834 – Founding of the Free University of Brussels by Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. 1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. 1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved. 1872 – Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100. 1881 – In New Zealand, 1600 armed volunteers and constabulary field forces led by Minister of Native Affairs John Bryce march on the pacifist Māori settlement at Parihaka, evicting upwards of 2000 residents, and destroying the settlement in the context of the New Zealand land confiscations. 1895 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile. 1898 – Negrese nationalists revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros. 1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica. 1912 – Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th President of the United States, defeating incumbent William Howard Taft. 1913 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III. 1914 – World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire. 1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary. 1916 – The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police. 1917 – Lenin calls for the October Revolution. 1917 – Tikhon is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church. 1925 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first "super-spy" of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.

[biking-the-erie-canal]

Canastota to Utica

Whether we stop 5 minutes or overnight, every time we start up, my legs scream!

As we were leaving Canastota, I caught a picture of one of the low bridges often seen on the Old Erie Canal. These low bridges are where the song lyrics “Low Bridge! – Everybody Down” come from. Don’t want to bang my head on that!

It wasn’t too far down the trail before we got to the first aqueduct of the day. At this point we were still in the Old Erie Canal State Historic Park. I think I read there were 32 aqueducts built on the old Erie Canal.

Here are some of my general observations this morning (without pictures): The clouds were reflecting beautifully in the canal water. With mainly clear skies previous days, I think these clouds were a first. There have been lots of pretty wildflowers along the trail - mainly pink and yellow. There are some leaves on the trail, but not a lot of color other than green in the trees. There are all shades of green on top of the old canal water. We are seeing some browns, dark green, moss green, all the way to neon green.

After leaving the Old Erie Canal Park we had a short bit on the road then all of the sudden we were back on the Barge Canal with a boat coming in. Good timing for us. We got a chance to talk to the lock tender and learn more about the process. It is pretty amazing how quickly the water drops down.

At first he only opens the gates a third of the way open. They do that so they don’t deluge the next lock down too quickly. He eventually opened it all the way to drain it more quickly. When the boat first pulled up, they threw something from the boat to the lock tender. I asked him about that and he said they threw them some food and sometimes a drink. He said she threw him something warm - just cooked wrapped in foil. He said a lot of the boats give them something, but not all.

We were not on the Barge Canal too long. In fact, all of the sudden we were back on the old Erie Canal and didn’t realize when it happened. We are also in the Mohawk River valley now. The water flow for this section of the canal is from the Mohawk River.

We hit the point where the Erie Canal construction began - in the middle. I read they started there because it was an area where locks were not required and they could get two crews working in both directions.

As we pulled into Rome NY, this sign invited us to stop for lunch at JoJo’s Market, so we did! It was great! We also rode around Fort Stanwix in Rome.

We continued to bounce between the old canal, the Mohawk River, and the Barge Canal.

[delicatenachoglitter]

History of American revolution war

For the better part of the 17th and 18th centuries, the relationship between Great Britain and her North American colonies was firm, robust, and peaceable. The colonies enjoyed a period of “salutary neglect”; meaning that the colonial governments were more or less able to self-govern without intervention from Parliament. This laissez-faire approach allowed the colonies to flourish financially, which in turn proved profitable for the mother country as well. However, this period of tranquility and prosperity would not last.

Great Britain had amassed an enormous debt following the French and Indian War; so, as a means to help alleviate at least some of the financial burden, they expected the American colonies to shoulder their share. Beginning in 1763, Great Britain instituted a series of parliamentary acts for taxing the American colonies. Though seemingly a reasonable course of action – considering the British had come to the defense of the colonies in the French and Indian War – many colonials were livid at the levying of taxes. From 1763 to 1776, Parliament, King George III, royal governors, and colonists clashed over regulations of trade, representation, and taxation. Despite the growing unrest, many Americans perceived war and independence as a last resort. By 1775, however, tensions reached a boiling point. Both sides prepared for war as negotiations continued to falter. Fighting began outside of Boston in the spring of 1775 during a British raid to seize munitions at Lexington and Concord. British regulars arrived on the Lexington Green early on the morning of April 19 and discovered the town’s militia awaiting their arrival. The “minutemen” intended only a show of force, and were dispersing, when a shot rang out. The American War of Independence had officially begun.

The militia harassed the British all the way from Concord to Boston, and then surrounded the city. In an attempt to drive the colonials away from the city, British forces attacked the Americans at Breed’s Hill on June 17th, resulting in heavy casualties for the redcoats in the war’s first major battle. George Washington arrived that July to assume command of the American forces, organized as the Continental Army. Washington then forced 11,000 British soldiers to evacuate Boston the following March, when Henry Knoxsuccessfully led 12 artillery pieces from Fort Ticonderoga to Dorchester Heights overlooking the city below.

By the early spring of 1776, the war had expanded to other regions. At Moore’s Creek in North Carolina and Sullivan’s Island at Charleston, American forces stopped British invasions. After initial successes, particularly the capture of Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York, an American invasion of Canada stalled and ended in failure at the end of the year. As 1775 rolled into 1776, the British rapidly built up forces in New York and Canada to strike back.

After a series of five consecutive defeats for Washington’s army at Long Island, Harlem Heights, White Plains, Fort Lee, and Fort Washington, the British captured New York City in the summer of 1776. Following the capture of the city, the British drove Washington’s army across New Jersey, winning several additional battles along their advance. That winter, however, Washington revived the American cause by winning spirited victories at Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey.

In 1777, the British launched two major offensives. In September, General William Howecaptured Philadelphia, winning battles at Brandywine and Germantown. Despite the losses, the inexperienced soldiers of the Continental Army performed well and gained a measure of confidence, believing that they could very well stand up to the British. Then, in October, British General John Burgoyne invaded upstate New York via Canada, winning several initial victories. Later, however, his army became bogged down thanks in part to efforts of American militia units at Oriskany, Fort Stanwix, and Bennington. Then, after a stunning defeat in an open battle, Burgoyne surrendered his entire field army at Saratoga, New York.

[nationalparkpatchlady]

It’s #thinksmallparks week over on @hellorangerusa with @nationalparkgeek! Those of you who know me, know I LOVE smaller parks! ⠀⠀ ⠀ “For thousands of years the ancient trail that connects the Mohawk River and Wood Creek served as a vital link for people traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Ontario. Travelers used this well-worn route through Oneida Indian territory to carry trade goods and news, as well as diseases, to others far away. When Europeans arrived they called this trail the Oneida Carrying Place and inaugurated a significant period in American history--a period when nations fought for control of not only the Oneida Carrying Place, but the Mohawk Valley, the homelands of the Six Nations Confederacy, and the rich resources of North America as well. In this struggle Fort Stanwix would play a vital role.⠀ ⠀ Known as "the fort that never surrendered," Fort Stanwix, under the command of Col. Peter Gansevoort, successfully repelled a prolonged siege, in August 1777, by British, German, Loyalist, Canadian, and American Indian troops and warriors commanded by British Gen. Barry St. Leger. The failed siege combined with the battles at Oriskany, Bennington, and Saratoga thwarted a coordinated effort by the British in 1777, under the leadership of Gen. John Burgoyne, to take the northern colonies, and led to American alliances with France and the Netherlands. Troops from Fort Stanwix also participated in the 1779 Clinton-Sullivan Campaign and protected America's northwest frontier from British campaigns until finally being abandoned in 1781.” - nps.gov⠀ ⠀ 📍: Fort Stanwix National Monument, New York @fort.stanwix.nps⠀ 📅 : July 2018⠀ ⠀ #unitedbynature⠀ #IBrakeForBrownSigns ⠀ #nationalparkgeek ⠀ #findyourambassador⠀ (at Fort Stanwix National Monument) https://www.instagram.com/p/CFb4WoTgBhd/?igshid=1q48vwzuopazt

[bantarleton]

Fort Stanwix.

Fort Stanwix was constructed in 1758 to guard a portage between the main waterway southeastward to the Atlantic seacoast, down the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, and an important interior waterway northwestward to Lake Ontario, down Wood Creek and Oneida Lake to Oswego.

In 1768, Fort Stanwix was the site of an important treaty conference between the British and the Iroquois, arranged by William Johnson. By the time of this treaty, the fort had become dilapidated and inactive. The purpose of the conference was to renegotiate the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Proclamation of 1763. The British government hoped a new boundary line might bring an end to the rampant frontier violence, which had become costly and troublesome. Indians hoped a new, permanent line might hold back white colonial expansion.

The final treaty was signed on November 5 and extended the earlier proclamation much further west. The Iroquois had effectively ceded Kentucky to the whites. However, the tribes who actually used the Kentucky lands, primarily Shawnee, Delaware, and Cherokee, had no role in the negotiations. Rather than secure peace, the Fort Stanwix treaty helped set the stage for the next round of hostilities.

Fort Stanwix was abandoned in 1768 and allowed to go to ruin.

The fort was reoccupied by Colonial troops under the command of Colonel Elias Dayton on July 12, 1776. They began reconstruction and renamed it Fort Schuyler, although many continued to call it Fort Stanwix. Colonel Peter Gansevoort took over command of the fort on May 3, 1777.

On August 3, 1777, the fort was besieged by The King's 8th Regiment of Foot, Loyalists, and Indians, under the command of Brigadier General Barry St. Leger, as part of a three-pronged campaign to divide the American colonies. Gansevoort refused the terms of surrender offered by the British, and the siege commenced.

According to local folklore, when the Colonial troops raised the flag over the fort on August 3, 1777, it was the first time that the Flag of the United States was flown in battle. It is more likely that the flag flown at Fort Schuyler was one that consisted only of thirteen stripes, an early version of the Flag of New York, or the Grand Union Flag.

The Battle of Oriskany was fought a few miles away when an American relief column, led by General Nicholas Herkimer, was ambushed by Tories and their Indian allies. While many of the besiegers were attending to that battle, the defenders of the fort sallied forth and attacked the enemy camp, looting and destroying enemy stores. Demoralized and reduced in strength, the British withdrew when they heard reports of the approach of yet another relief column, led by General Benedict Arnold. The British forces withdrew through Canada and joined Burgoyne's campaign at Fort Ticonderoga.

The British failure to capture the fort and proceed down the Mohawk Valley was a severe setback and helped lead to the defeat of General John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga.

In April 1779, an expedition from Fort Schuyler against the Onondaga people was begun by the Continental Army led by Col. Goose Van Schaick.

The fort burned to the ground on May 13, 1781 and was not rebuilt. It was abandoned and the garrison took up quarters at Fort Herkimer.

A second Treaty of Fort Stanwix was conducted at the fort between the Americans and the Indians in 1784. During the War of 1812 a blockhouse was built on the parade ground. Beginning in 1828 the fortifications were dismantled.

The fort was designated a National Monument on August 21, 1935. Between 1974 and 1978 the National Park Service reconstructed the fort; a new visitor center was added in 2005. The monument is currently open year around, operated by the National Park Service.

[armthearmour]

A lovely silvered and gilt Congressional presentation Smallsword with a blue and gilt blade, presented to Colonel Marinus Willett, attributed to C. Liger, Paris, France, ca. 1785-1786, housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. One of ten swords awarded by the Continental Congress. It was presented to Colonel Willett for his actions during the Battle of Oriskany on August 6th, 1777 when he led a sortie out from Fort Stanwix and plundered the nearby native and Tory camp of Sir John Johnson. His force suffered no casualties, earning him the weapon.

[sonofhistory]

If I may ask... what are some of your favorite facts concerning our "Saratoga Hero", Horatio Gates?? ;^0

Horatio Gates had a well off education.

Gates served with the 20th Foot in Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession. 

One of his mentors in his early years was Edward Cornwallis, the uncle of Charles Cornwallis (the general dude who fought against the Americans). 

Gates served under Cornwallis when the latter was governor of Nova Scotia, and also developed a relationship with the lieutenant governor, Robert Monckton.

During the French and Indian War, Gates served General Edward Braddock and was there during the failed Braddock Expedition which also included Thomas Gage, Charles Lee, Daniel Morgan, and George Washington. He was severely injured early in the action. 

He became quite good at military administration. 

Frustrated by the British class hierarchy, he sold his major’s commission in 1769, and came to North America. 

1772 he reestablished contact with George Washington, and purchased a modest plantation in Virginia.

When the word reached Gates of the outbreak of war in late May 1775, he rushed to Mount Vernon and offered his services to Washington. Washington urged the appointment of Gates as adjutant of the army. On June 17th, 1775, Congress commissioned Gates as a Brigadier General and Adjutant General of the Continental Army. 

He is considered to be the first Adjutant General of the United States Army. As adjutant, Horatio Gates created the army’s system of records and orders and helped standardize regiments from the various colonies. 

During the siege of Boston he was cautious, speaking in war councils against what he saw as overly risky actions.

Although his administrative skills were valuable, Gates wished for a field command. June 1776, he was promoted to Major General and given command of the Canadian Department to replace John Sullivan. 

Gates and Major General Philip Schuyler were like *no Bueno*.

His troops were at the Battle of Trenton but Gates was not. Always an advocate of defensive action, Gates argued Washington should retreat further rather than attack. When Washington dismissed this advice, Gates claimed illness as an excuse not to join the nighttime attack and instead traveled to Baltimore.

Gates was kinda salty Washington was commander in chief and not him.

Gates assumed command of the Northern Department on August 19th and led the army during the defeat of the British at the Battle of Saratoga. 

Gates took credit for the ENTIRE THING even though military action was done by Benedict Arnold, Enoch Poor, Benjamin Lincoln, and Daniel Morgan. 

Gates stands front and center in John Trumbull’s painting of the Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga.

By Congressional resolution, a gold medal was presented to Gates to commemorate his victories over the British in the Battles of Bennington, Fort Stanwix and Saratoga. 

Gates followed up the victory at Saratoga with a proposal to invade Quebec, but his suggestion was rejected by Washington.

This boyo insulted Washington by sending hist reports directly to Congress instead of to Washington which kinda pissed him off. Friendship B R O K E N. He began to order a campaign against Washington and James Wilkinson was a blabber mouth who ended up accidentally having the word spread to Washington. Wilkinson forwarded remarks of General Thomas Conway who passed them on to Washington. Gates accused anyone (but Wilkinson) of copying his mail and forwarded Conway’s letter to the president of Congress, Henry Laurens. Gates apologized to Washington and resigned from the Board of War, and took an assignment as commander of the Eastern Department in November 1778.

At the Battle of Camden on August 16th, Gates’s army was routed, with nearly 1,000 men captured, along with the army’s baggage train and artillery. Gates significantly overestimated the capabilities of his inexperienced militia. 

His son Robert died in combat in October. 

Nathanael Greene replaced Gates as commander on December 3rd, and Gates returned home to Virginia. It really ruined his military reputation tragically (but like yeah lmao). He was even put up for court martial. 

Gates’ wife Elizabeth died in the summer of 1783. He retired in 1784 and returned to his estate, Traveller’s Rest, in Virginia.

Gates served as vice president of the Society of the Cincinnati.

He proposed marriage to Janet Montgomery, widow of General Richard Montgomery, but she refused. 

1786 he married for a third time to Mary Valens.

Gates sold Traveller’s Rest in 1790 and freed his slaves at the urging of John Adams. 

He retired in northern Manhattan Island. 

He supported Thomas Jefferson for president candidacy which effectively broke up with John Adams. 

He was elected to a single term in the New York State Legislature in 1800.

He died on April 10th, 1806, and was buried in the Trinity Church but no one really know... where he is. 

[rwwinton]

The song of me turning the historic note of "This Night we sent out a party and brought 2 Stacks of Hay into the Trench and set a House and Barn on Fire belonging to Mr. Roof" into a 1,000 word scene somehow.

[your-dietician]

Summer entertainment returns to venues in CNY

New Post has been published on https://tattlepress.com/entertainment/summer-entertainment-returns-to-venues-in-cny/

Summer entertainment returns to venues in CNY

Covid-19 restrictions have been lifted across New York State, and the long days of July and August mean summer entertainment can flourish as usual in Central New York. Organizations will maintain a variety of safety protocols that might include limited seating, masking for unvaccinated patrons and online ticket purchases. Check the website of each event for details.

Local arts and music events in alphabetical order are as follow:

CAZENOVIA COUNTERPOINT

July brings a full schedule of music, poetry and visual art to the village of Cazenovia. The annual festival begins with the exhibit of a month-long curated show of the work of 24 Central New York artists and concludes with a performance of new music from Young Composers Corner participants at Lakeland Park.

Components of the annual celebration of the arts are woven into village activities, such as the weekly Cazenovia Farmers Market (new music from 10 to noon), the Fourth of July Parade, and local businesses. Patrick Lawler, along with Eric Evans and David Hitchcock of the YMCA Downtown Writers Center, will coordinate a poetry/writers event July 13 and.

Ticketed events include “Libba Cotton,” a new opera that will be performed July 17 at 7:30 p.m. at the Catherine Cummings Theater, and “New Music Strikes Gold,” July 25 at 4 p.m. at the First Presbyterian Church.

Brochures with schedules will be available throughout the village. For information, go to the website at snm@societyfornewmusic.org.

CORTLAND REPERTORY THEATRE

Tribute concerts, shows for children, musical plays and Shakespeare fill a six-program season at Cortland Repertory Theatre’s Pavilion Theater at Little York Lake. Actors will perform on an outdoor stage 12 feet from the first row of the audience so the actors do not need to be masked. No tickets will be sold at the door; no single tickets will be sold. Purchases must be made in advance in lots of two, three or four. Program information and bios will be online, and the refreshment tent will be open only before curtain time.

What: Nine outdoor performances in repertory

When:

“Pirate Schmirate!” July 8 – 11 at noon

“Close To You” July 8, 9 at 7:30 p.m. and July 10 at 3 and 7:30 p.m.

“The Honky Tonk Angles” July 15 – 23 (July 18 and 21 at 2 p.m.; others at 7:30 p.m.)

“The Wizard of Oz” July 16 and 17 at 10 a.m. and 2 pm. (drive through event)

The Adam Lee Decker Trio July 24 at 2 and 7:30 p.m.

“The Complete Works of July 28 – 31 at 7:30 p.m. with a 2 p.m. show July 30

William Shakespeare”

“Goin’ to the chapel” Aug. 5 – 13 (Aug. 6 and 8 at 2 p.m.; others at 7:30 p.m.)

“How Sweet it Is” Aug. 14 at 2 and 7:30 p.m., and Aug. 15 at 2 p.m.

“A Midsummer Night’s Dream” Aug. 19 – 21 at 7:30p.m. with a 2 p.m. show Aug.20

Tickets: Prices vary according to show, seating, and special discounts. Call 607-756-2627 or check the CRT website for details.

Where: Dwyer Memorial Park, 6799 Little York Lake Rd., Prebble.

GLIMMERGLASS FESTIVAL

In a nod to the pandemic season, “Glimmerglass on the Grass” has a new outdoor stage and offers audience seating in “Festival Squares.” Each socially distanced space accommodates four people. Purchaser must pay for the entire square and provide low-back chair or blanket for lawn seating. Masks are required except when in that designated space, where patrons can also eat food from home or local takeout. No food will be sold on site; bathrooms will be open.

What: Six 90-minute opera and musical productions in repertoire

When: “The Magic Flute” July 15 – Aug. 17

“To The world” July 16 – Aug. 8

“Songbird” July 30 – Aug. 13

“Il Trovatore” Aug. 1 – 14

“Gods and Mortals” Aug. 13 – 16

“The Passion of Mary Aug. 5 – 13

Cardwell Dawson”

Where: 7300 St. Highway 80, Cooperstown, New York

Tickets: Website or Box Office, 607-547-2255

Price: Festival Squares accommodate up to four people and sell for $80 to $350 each performance depending on which zone is chosen; must buy entire square.

Note: Details related to weather and refund/exchange policy are on the website. Covid protocols are explained on the website “FAQ” page.

OSWEGO PLAYERS THEATER

Founded in 1938, Oswego Players Theater continues its tradition of summer productions with a show that was ready to launch when the pandemic protocols closed all venues in 2020. With most of the cast returning, the troupe will stage the show in August.

A special invitational performance on Aug. 4 will raise funds for the Patrick Carman Joyful Heart Theater Scholarship.

Oswego Players’ Theater Arts Youth Academy will soon announce a summer schedule of activities for young people.

What: “Dearly Departed,” a comedy by David Bottrell and Jessie Jones

When: Aug. 6, 7; 13 and 14 at 7:30 p.m., and Aug. 8 and 15 at 2 p.m.

Where: Francis Marion Brown Theater at Fort Ontario, Oswego

Tickets: $15 adults; $10 students and seniors

Note: Free parking around the red brick building

SYRACUSE SHAKESPEARE IN THE PARK

Having wrapped up “Troilus and Cressida” with a sold-out show June 13, SSITP continues in the amphitheater of Thorndon Park with six August performances of “The Comedy Of Errors,” the bard’s tale of two sets of identical twins separated at birth. The reunion of the two aristocrats and their servants in the Greek city of Ephesus and the whimsical misadventures that ensue make this early play ideal for outdoor summer entertainment.

What: “The Comedy of Errors”

Where: Amphitheater of Thornden Park, Thornden Park Dr., Syracuse

When: Aug. 6 – 15, Friday and Saturday at 5:30 p.m.; Sundays, 2 p.m.

Tickets: Lawn seating is free, but must be reserved in advance at the SSITP website

Premium: For $30, patrons have reserved front seating and food vouchers.

Food: Beer Belly Deli and Gannon’s Isle will sell food on site; people may bring food

SKANEATELES FESTIVAL

An array of events will run from Aug. 3 through Aug. 28 at the Robinson Pavilion at Anyela’s Vineyards, the Mandana Barn, and locations to be announced.

Skanfest U, an instructional opportunity focusing on “Voices Unheard: Composers at the Margins” will be coordinated by Aaron Wunsch, faculty member at The Juilliard School and co-artistic director with his wife, Julia Bruskin, of the Skaneateles Festival. Those will run virtually Aug. 3, 10, 17 and 24, providing context for music to be performed during the festival.

Details of performances are online at skanfest.org and will be updated as the season evolves.

What: Skaneateles Festival’s 42nd season of music by the lake

When:

Dover Quartet Aug. 12 at 8 p.m.

Bill Charlap Trio Aug. 13 and 14 at 8 p.m.

“The Voice Within” Aug. 26 8 p.m.

Time For Three Aug. 27 and 28 at 8 p.m. (also a Kids matinee)

Tickets: Season passes cover four concerts and range from $125 to $175; Skanfest U is included. Saturday Series tickets cost $70 to $100. Single ticket prices are $30 to $60; two young people 18 and under may attend free with adult purchases in section B. Call 315-685-7418 for information about VIP seating and ticket upgrades.

SYMPHORIA

Outdoor concerts are part of the Symphoria tradition, and more events will be announced as communities and sponsors respond to the lifting of restrictions in New York State.

What: Central New York’s professional orchestra and ensembles

When and Where:

Wind Quintet July 9, 7 p.m. Lorenzo State Historic Site (chairs provided)

Chamber Music July 22, 8 p.m. Carol Watson Greenhouse

Orchestra July 23, 7 p.m. Fort Ontario

Orchestra July 24, 7:30 p.m. Beard Park, Fayetteville

Honor America Pops July 31, 8 p.m. Ft. Stanwix, Rome (Fireworks)

Tickets: Free; some concerts require registration before the event.

Details: experiencesymphoria.org for Covid protocols and ticket information

Seating: Outdoor; take blankets or low-back chairs for seating

THANASIS THEATRE COMPANY

New to the summer theater scene, this company will present its first production in July at the New York State Fairgrounds. Founder J. R. Westfall will direct; Ben Borenstein will be the music director. Written by Chris Miller and Nathan Tysen, the show will reveal six intersecting stories of characters who are each running away from something.

What: “Fugitive Songs”

Where: Empire Theater at the NYS Fair

When: July 23, 8 p.m. – July Aug. 1, 3 p.m.

Tickets: $28 for table seating; $18 general admission; discounts for senior citizens and students.

Details: Anyone under 16 must be accompanied by an adult. Call 315-395-9973 for information.

THE REV THEATRE CO.

(Formerly Merry-Go-Round)

A new name for Auburn’s historic Merry-Go-Round Playhouse, The Rev Theatre Co. continues to produce full-scale professional musical shows in the Preston H. Thomas Theater in Emerson Park. Three productions are programmed for 2021. According to the organization’s website, HVAC has been modified to produce continuing air flow and a purification system ensures optimum air quality for staff, actors and audience. See guidelines on the organization’s website for specific attendance requirements.

What: “Broadway in the Finger Lakes”

When: Check the website for times on the following dates:

“42nd Street” June 30 – July 28

“Footloose” Aug. 4 – Sept. 1

“Almost Heaven” Sept. 8 – 29

Where: Merry-Go-Round Playhouse, 6877 E. Lake Rd., Auburn

Tickets: Patrons are encouraged to purchase tickets prior to arrival. Single tickets cost $53 to $65; group rates available. For details, call 315-255-1785

Source link

[historybehindassassinscreed]

In Game:

The Frontier was a location generated by the Animus, representing the areas in the North American countryside visited by Haytham Kenway and Ratonhnhaké:ton.

During the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War, the countryside of Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey was gradually being settled by colonial hunters and traders as the fur pelts of American animals were in high demand in England and France.

The Frontier was split into twelve hunting grounds, each containing four different types of wildlife.

Black Creek contained hares, beavers, elk, and bobcats. It contained Fort Duquesne in Pennsylvania, and the Grand Temple in Turin, New York.

Concord included hares, raccoon, beavers, and deer. A trading post was located on the western edge of town, on the road leading to Valley Forge.

John's Town in New York included hares, foxes, elk, and bears. It was the site of William Johnson's homestead, Johnson Hall, and contained the route to the Davenport Homestead in Massachusetts.

The Kanièn:keh Nation Territory, or "Mohawk Valley", was the location of Kanatahséton. Game included hares, foxes, deer, and cougars.

The other territories included the Diamond Basin, Great Piece Hills, Lexington,  Monmouth, Packanack, Scotch Plains, Troy's Wood, and Valley Forge.

In Real Life:

The “Frontier” is defined as “a region at the edge of a settled area”. The “American Frontier,” began with the first days of European settlement on the Atlantic coast and the eastern rivers. From the start, the “Frontier” was most often categorized as the western edge of European settlement.

In the colonial era, before 1776, the west was of high priority for settlers and politicians. The American frontier began when Jamestown, Virginia was settled by the English in 1607. In the earliest days of European settlement of the Atlantic coast, down to about 1680, the frontier was essentially any part of the interior of the continent beyond the fringe of existing settlements along the Atlantic coast.

English, French, Spanish and Dutch patterns of expansion and settlement were quite different. Only a few thousand French migrated to Canada; these habitants settled in villages along the St. Lawrence River, building communities that remained stable for long stretches; they did not simply jump west the way the British did. Although French fur traders ranged widely through the Great Lakes and mid-west region they seldom settled down. French settlement was limited to a few very small villages such as Kaskaskia, Illinois as well as a larger settlement around New Orleans. Likewise, the Dutch set up fur trading posts in the Hudson River valley, followed by large grants of land to rich landowning patroons who brought in tenant farmers who created compact, permanent villages. They created a dense rural settlement in upstate New York, but they did not push westward.

Areas in the north that were in the frontier stage by 1700 generally had poor transportation facilities, so the opportunity for commercial agriculture was low. In the South, frontier areas that lacked transportation, such as the Appalachian Mountain region, remained based on subsistence farming and resembled the egalitarianism of their northern counterparts, although they had a larger upper-class of slaveowners. North Carolina was representative. However frontier areas of 1700 that had good river connections were increasingly transformed into plantation agriculture. Rich men came in, bought up the good land, and worked it with slaves. The area was no longer "frontier". It had a stratified society comprising a powerful upper-class white landowning gentry, a small middle-class, a fairly large group of landless or tenant white farmers, and a growing slave population at the bottom of the social pyramid. Unlike the North, where small towns and even cities were common, the South was overwhelmingly rural.

Most of the frontiers experienced Native wars, The French and Indian Wars were imperial wars between Britain and France, with the French making up for their small colonial population base by enlisting Native American war parties as allies. The series of large wars spilling over from European wars ended in a complete victory for the British in the worldwide Seven Years' War. In the peace treaty of 1763, France lost practically everything, as the lands west of the Mississippi river, in addition to Florida and New Orleans, went to Spain. Otherwise lands east of the Mississippi River and what is now Canada went to Britain.

(Image source)

Regardless of wars Americans were moving across the Appalachians into western Pennsylvania, what is now West Virginia, and areas of the Ohio Country, Kentucky and Tennessee. In the southern settlements via the Cumberland Gap, their most famous leader was Daniel Boone, but to the north, closer to dense colonial populations and Europe immigrants, a certain Virginia gentleman, George Washington promoted settlements in West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania to lands he'd acquired title to both as a surveyor and as someone who'd distinguished himself as an officer in Virginia's colonial militia. West of the mountains, settlements were curtailed abruptly by a decree by the British crown in 1763, which also deconflicted many of the conflicting claims made by various colonies. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) was an attempt by colonials to re-open in part, trans-Appalachian settlements from the Eastern Seaboard cities.

Following the victory of the United States in the American Revolution and the signing Treaty of Paris in 1783, the United States gained control of the British lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. During this time, thousands of settlers, such as Daniel Boone, crossed the Alleghanies into Kentucky and Tennessee, and the upper waters of the Ohio River were settled. Some areas, such as the Virginia Military District and the Connecticut Western Reserve, both in Ohio, were used by the states to reward to veterans of the war. How to formally include these new frontier areas into the nation was an important issue in the Continental Congress of the 1780s and was partly resolved by the Northwest Ordinance in 1787.

American settlers in large numbers poured into the west. In 1788, American pioneers to the Northwest Territory established Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory.  As settlers poured in, the frontier districts first became territories, with an elected legislature and a governor appointed by the president. Then when population reached 100,000 the territory applied for statehood. Frontiersmen typically dropped the legalistic formalities and restrictive franchise favored by eastern upper classes, and adopting more democracy and more egalitarianism.

The War of 1812 marked the final confrontation between major Native forces trying to stop the advance, with British aid. The British war goal included the creation of an independent Native state (under British auspices) in the Midwest.

(Image source)

American frontier militiamen under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks and opened the Southwest, while militia under Governor William Henry Harrison defeated the Native-British alliance at the Battle of the Thames in Canada in 1813. The death in battle of the Native leader Tecumseh dissolved the coalition of hostile Native tribes. Meanwhile, General Andrew Jackson ended the Native military threat in the Southeast at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814 in Alabama. In general the frontiersmen battled the Natives with little help from the U.S. Army or the federal government.

Following the war, the European colonists made an effort to stretch their country from sea to sea, conquering and subjugating the people that already lived in those territories.

The concept of the frontier persisted even through the World Wars, with the United States occupying pacific islands, the Philippines, and certain countries in South and Central America.

Sources:

http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/6-legendary-mountain-men-of-the-american-frontier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_frontier

https://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-americanfrontier/

My U.S. History class this term

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.5 (before 1920)

1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. 1499 – The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary. 1556 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar. 1605 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament, where he had planted gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the building and kill King James I of England. 1688 – Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland). 1757 – Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach. 1768 – The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies. 1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle. 1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement. 1828 – Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula. 1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. 1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved. 1872 – Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100. 1895 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile. 1898 – Negrese nationalists revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros. 1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica. 1912 – Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th President of the United States, defeating incumbent William Howard Taft. 1913 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III. 1914 – World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire. 1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary. 1916 – The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police. 1917 – Lenin calls for the October Revolution. 1917 – Tikhon is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church.

[55551236]

Alyse Vick This weekend Jay, his father, Nora, and I went to the protest in Rome. We wore our masks and kept our distance from others when we were not walking. The majority of people were wearing a mask unless they were speaking. Rome PD was there, they were applauded and 4 officers, including the Captain, came and stood with one of the speakers. There was a shout out to the Oneida County Sheriff for reaching out to the NAACP, he was not present but he was thanked and applauded. They also thanked the Major of Utica and a shout out to Anthony Brindisi for contacting the NAACP. My point in this is because the comments I read on the post from the OD and Rome Sentinel are grossly inaccurate and ignorant. This was held at 7pm on a Saturday. People did not take time off of work, we are not "jobless trash", my husband and I work 2 jobs, the people we knew who were there work. Mainly, the thing that disturbed me the most is the number of people who thought this protest was about bashing the Oneida County Sheriff's Department and Rome Police Department. It had NOTHING to do with that. The NAACP made sure to thank the Oneida County Sheriff and tell everyone there that he reached out to them, the crowd applauded him (gasp!). One speaker, a Puerto Rican woman whose husband served in the Military (again for the ignorant people, YOU DO NOT NEED A GREEN CARD IF YOU WERE BORN IN PUERTO RICO, second gasp!) and now their family owns a church in Rome, she works with the Rome Police department on occasion, the Captain came up and stood with her towards the end of her time speaking, he also had 3 fellow officers with him, officers of color. People in our area, all over the US, need to OPEN THEIR EYES. These protests are not people going out and bashing cops. There are good cops, but there are bad cops out there who abuse their authority and THAT is a part of what these protests are about, bringing awareness to this and trying to make a change. In order to make change happen, we need all sides in on the conversation. Get in on the facts and conversation. Step out of your comfort zone and be part of the solution, not the problem. EDUCATION IS KEY. #AlyseVick #NoraVick #JaysonVick #ken (at Fort Stanwix National Monument) https://www.instagram.com/p/CBTkTILhxIe/?igshid=kqavtu7cum0b

[colonialcapitaltours]

The U.S. has an impressive military history, one that is evident by the great number of forts that fill our country’s landscape. Many of these historic bunkers have been restored and repurposed into museums that are filled with incredible stories of the military strongholds they once were.

In 1798, the birthplace of The Star-Spangled Banner, Fort McHenry, was constructed in Baltimore. This coastal fortress was bombarded by the British during the War of 1812 in an attempt to gain access to Baltimore Harbor. The shelling continued until the next morning when the British depleted their ammunition. Francis Scott Key, a lawyer on a nearby truce ship, was inspired by the fort’s valiant defense and penned a poem later renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner” and set to music as the American national anthem. The fort remained active during both World Wars, and was made a national park in 1925.Atop an ancient trail used by travelers and traders,

Fort Stanwix proudly identifies as the place where the “American flag was first flown in battle.”According to local legend, on August 3, 1777, the first stars and stripes were created out of “a soldier’s white shirt, strips of fabric from a woman’s red petticoat and the blue straps from Captain Abraham Swartwout’s cloak.”  Known as “the fort that never surrendered”, Fort Stanwix successfully repelled a prolonged siege in August 1777 during the Revolutionary War. A new multi-million dollar visitor’s center opened in 2005 at the Rome, New York fort.

The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter, a fortification located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Originally constructed after the War of 1812 to protect important harbors and ports, the Fort is now part of the Fort Sumter National Monument and features a Visitor Education Center and museum. In order to build up the sand bar where the fort is built, 70,000 tons of granite was imported from New England, although the fort remained unfinished until the Civil War broke out.  

Fort Hancock, part of The Sandy Hook Unit in Middletown Township, New Jersey, defended the Atlantic coast and entrance to New York Harbor, with its first gun batteries operational in 1896. The Unit encompasses Fort Hancock, Sandy Hook Proving Ground National Historic Landmark District, the Sandy Hook Lighthouse and natural areas and shorelines.  Fort Hancock’s defenses waxed and waned with the needs of the nation from the end of the Spanish-American War through the end of World War II. Fort Hancock and Sandy Hook Proving Ground National Historic Landmark cover the entire peninsula, including what is now under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Coast Guard. Visitors may tour gun batteries and the historic lighthouse as well as Sandy Hook’s trails and beaches.

Fort Ticonderoga is an 18th-century, star-shaped fort near Lake Champlain. Perhaps one of the most beautiful forts, Fort Ticonderoga is set amidst the tall pines of the Adirondacks across the water from Vermont and surrounded by the historic King’s gardens. Originally known as Fort Carillon, the Fort was constructed by the French-Canadians during the Seven Years’ War. Held by the French and British over the years because of its important location at the southern end of Lake Champlain, the fort is most storied, however, for its surrender. On the morning of May 10, 1775 Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys coerced a surrender from the fort’s nightshirt-wearing commander and took control without firing a shot. The fort was eventually abandoned in 1781. Today, the fort is a museum, teaching and research center, and tourist attraction.

Colonial Capital Tours 800.334.3754 www.ColonialCapitalTours.com info@ColonialCapitalTours.com

#forts #usforts #fortticonderoga #forthancock #fortmchenry #fortstanwix #fortsumter #militaryhistory #historyteachers #daytrips #studenttours #educationaltours #schooltrips#fieldtrips #studentgroups #schoolgroups #grouptours #nycdoe#nycdoevendor #doe #multidaytrips #studenttrips #educationalprograms#colonialcapitaltours