#varying degrees of accuracy but warm ups are important

[circularityobjection]

Collection of Raffi scribbles over the last little while. Michelle is literally so expressive as an actor and it's fucking captivating.

[xhunterprice]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[speakslow-tellmelove]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[puddinjohn]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[lazyneonchocobo]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[kianaazizian]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[foolonfire]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[bignicenergy]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[astr0freak]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum of information a weather station should provide is indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[aouver]

Weather Stations - A Buyers Guide

The minimum onforamtion a weather station should provide indoor and outdoor temperatures, humidity, and barometric pressure.

It is rare to find a station which provides basic wind and rainfall measurements for the mid-price range.

Other specialised measurements, such as UV index, soil moisture, and water temperature, should be part of a high-end model's portfolio of features.

You can't necessarily guarantee you'll get a great weather station by spending more money, but we have not found a product that delivers genuine value for the money.

Inaccurate budget stations are available in most hardware and big-box stores, along with nearly all individual manufacturers.

While the temperature typically only varies within a degree or two, humidity readings are wildly inaccurate, and they can be off by 10 to 15 percent.

Stations found in the mid-range and high-end of the market tend to be better and rarely more than five percent off.

Weather measurements are incredibly useful, especially if you're affected by the kind of weather that the wind and rain create.

When you can afford it, high-end stations are nice to have, as they are typically the most accurate. If you do not need specialty measurements, such as UV or soil moisture, however, it is not necessary to invest in high-end stations.

Additionally, you should be looking for weather stations with these extra features:

Accuracy: While accuracy is arguably the most important of the four critical elements, it is also the most difficult to judge.

Looking at the specifications sheets and choosing stations with low margins of error is something we'd encourage here.

Additionally, perform additional research by reviewing user comments.

Solar or battery? Modern weather stations nearly all use wireless communications, which allows them to operate using either battery power or solar power.

Stations with an exclusive reliance on solar power should be avoided, as dismal weather on a few days can prevent the instruments from having enough stored energy to do their jobs.

Regardless of the source of power, battery-operated or solar-assisted models are the most effective—you may need to change the batteries every year.

Weather station Internet connectivity: Connectivity allows you to access the Internet and allows you to share your data, such as weather data, with the rest of the world through services such as Weather Underground.

If you're in a place where there aren't any weather stations, meteorologists might be able to use your data.

Support for Smart Homes: Weather stations in your home can provide better home automation.

Consider purchasing a weather station that's compatible with your connected-home system if you already own one.

You can now automate functions such as heating and cooling through IFTTT, so you can have your heater or air conditioning automatically turn on if the temperature falls below or rises above a certain threshold.

This means that Alexa and Google Assistant are also compatible with other assistants, allowing you to get highly localised weather reports.

Future Proof: Your weather station might be adequate for your current needs, but your priorities could change in the future.

Instead of purchasing high-end equipment at the outset, save money and buy midrange equipment that can be upgraded in the future with additional sensors.

Longevity: No matter how much the elements try to pummelled you, your sensors are always in there, and it's always 24/7.

Most inexpensive stations are made from cheap, flimsy plastic that will break down quickly. Make sure to look for a well-built location, and avoid all-in-one sensor-containing units.

Sensor failures are very expensive because they represent the bulk of the overall system cost, and when a sensor fails, you have to replace the entire system regardless of whether the other sensors are still functioning.

Please be aware of sensor placement.

If you're a weather enthusiast, this is where my forecasting side shows up.

Please, please, please, please make sure that you place your instruments where you will not step on them!

As recommended by the National Weather Service, place the temperature and humidity gauge within 5 feet of the ground in an area protected from direct rain or snowfall.

It should be avoided in locations where there is concrete, tarmac, or other potential heat radiators nearby.

"Warm air escaping from your house" throws off the reading in your bedroom window, too.

The level you set your rain gauge at is not as important.

In this case, the most important factor is that the instrument is positioned so that splashing from the ground produces abnormally high readings, or the instrument is located near high obstructions that might block rainfall when it is windy.

Because the NWS recommends, it is generally best to locate the rain gauge as far away from objects as possible.

Wind gauges are difficult to locate because they are called anemometers.

Even though most people find out that the TV weather reading for wind speed is taken at a height of 33 feet, most people are surprised to learn this.

It would be difficult for the majority of us, but work to get the faucet a minimum of 10 feet off the ground if you can.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR7BnDCHQqA

Honest Bob is committed to providing genuine guides from a panel of experts. As an Amazon affiliate Honest Bob earns commission from any qualifying purchases.Thank you for your support!

[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers-Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Impact of Natural Short-Term Climate Forcing on India's Climate

Authored by Ashutosh Mishra

Abstract

Among several factors of climate, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Sunspot cycles work on inter annual to inter decadal scales and it is believed that while the El Niño-La Niña pressure seesaw of Pacific Ocean affects climate by altering global wind and rainfall patterns, the 11 years periodic variability of sunspot appearance bring changes in insolation and cloud formation. Thus, the role of these two climate forcing seems critical in pushing short term climatic variability's. This paper attempts to know the impact of these two climatic phenomena on temperature and rainfall patterns at regional scale, and for the purpose the study considers India as the case. Analysis reveals that temperature show a good correlation with sunspot activities, while the effect of ENSO cycle on country's rainfall is not very clear. However, India's coastal states record a notable rise in temperatures during El-Niño phase of ENSO phenomenon, and this may be the cause behind fragmented and uneven rainfall over the country during El-Niño years.

Keywords: Sunspots; El-Niño Southern Oscillation; Short-Term Forcing; Temperature; Rainfall; Natural Variability

Introduction

Yielding from sun and varying with inclination, the climate of a place determines nature and state of biota flourishing there. However, atmospheric-oceanic-geomorphic changes modulate the climatic properties in course of time. Apart from these natural forces, today man also has developed the technology and skills to regulate climatic characters up to some extent. Natural forces that affect the climate, work on millennium to minimum scales whereas human role is limited up to a life span. The natural forcing are- Earth's orbital variations, changes in solar output, plate tectonic movements, volcanism, meteorites, oceanic circulation etc. while the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), fossil fuel burn greenhouse gases, industrial aerosols, and enhanced atmospheric water vapour are the ‘humanogenic’ causal factors of changes in climate. The discovery of the stratospheric ozone hole over Antarctica in 1987 propelled scientific research on role of manmade CFCs in atmospheric alterations. And soon, searching statistical significance in the man-climate change relationship became focus of correlation studies on this issue [1,2]. Most of these studies surmised that human additions in the natural climatic variability is the cause behind increasing temperatures, disrupted rains and intensifying extreme climate events. They tried to estimate the departure of climatic conditions from their natural course of variability. However, they considered natural forcing as rhythmic and predictable. But, climate is a dynamic system where all of its components are linked with feedbacks, and, therefore, change in one component may lead to change in one or the all. Measuring probable departures in all the directions is really an accuracy challenge. It is rather more realistic to measure the degree of association between natural forcing and climatic variability. If natural causes fail to synchronise well with climatic trend, it is indicative of some unnatural causes of change.

The notable natural factors that affect the climate are- Milankovitch cycles, plate tectonics, sunspot cycle, meteorites, volcanism and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Orbital changes and plate tectonic movements are slow and longterm processes mainly responsible for climate reversal, while the sunspots, volcanism, ENSO like short-term forces induce rapid changes in the climate. Studies suggest that increase in sunspot numbers increases surface temperature of the Earth while decreases the amount of rainfall [3] Svensmark, Friis- Christensen [4] found in their study that increased sunspot activity strengthens the electromagnetic field of Sun and that blocks galactic cosmic rays to enter into the inner solar system. This reduction in the cosmic ray flux, then, reduces the cloud seeding rate and thereby reduces the amount of solar energy reflected back by clouds directly to the universe. And by this process the enhanced amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface rises its temperature. The fall in rate of cloud seeding also decreases the volume of rainfall. Besides sunspot changes, the external bodies like meteorites, which fall on the Earth’s surface at a speed of approximately 10-75 kilometres per second after passing the thick layer of atmosphere, are also believed to have some impact on terrestrial climate Kohler, Beauford [5]. At this speed when these interplanetary bodies come in contact with even the thinnest of atmospheres, generate heat from both friction and compression. And the temperature and dust released at the time of their collision, sometimes alters the climate significantly. Several studies have attempted to substantiate that sudden climate change caused by heavy meteoritic shower in Cretaceous period was the cause behind extinction of dinosaurs from earth Ganapathy [6], Alvarez [7], Russell, Tucker [8].

Volcanic eruption is also a short-term forcing that affects the climate through injecting a large amount of ash, sulphurous gases, halogens and water vapour into the Earth’s atmosphere Gao [9], Crowley [10]. These gases and aerosols produce a cooling effect by reducing the amount of insolation. However, the extreme amount of volcanism can also produce global warming Robock [11] Timmreck [12]. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is another short-term climate forcing that is characterised by a warm (El Niño), neutral and cold (La Niña) phases. The warm phase of the ENSO event is associated with higher precipitation in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and reduced rainfall in Western Equatorial Pacific when compared with neutral condition. These patterns are reversed during the La Niña phase Salau [13] Collins [14] Chavez [14] McPhaden [14]. Scientific accounts find a good connection between El Niño phenomena and a week monsoon over India. They observe that during El Niño years, it is more likely that India receives less rainfall than normal Pant & Parthasarathy, [15] Francis & Gadgil [16] Sajani [17].

Apart from these short-term forcing, the long-term climate agents also affect the climate as well, however, they are very slow-moving forces, and would not be very helpful in explaining short-term climate fluctuations. Hence, present study considers only the short-term climate agents for its investigation, and takes India as a case of analysis. It is important to mention that no significant occurrence of meteoritic impacts or volcanism have been recorded in India during last century. The study, therefore, analyses only the sunspot changes and El Niño events to understand the departure of climatic variability from the natural path.

Data Source and Methodology

The study is based on the temperature and rainfall series of 116 years (1901-2016), collected from India Meteorological Department. The data pertaining to Oceanic Niño indexes of past of 52 years (1961-2012) was obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Information, Boulder, USA while the data related to annual change in mean sunspot numbers during last 102 years (1911-2012) was collected from the World Data Centre, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. The study uses simple correlation and regression analyses to examine the degree of association of sunspot and ENSO events with temperature and rainfall.

Temperature and Rainfall Changes in India: Recent Trends

India, which is a country of monsoon climate, witnesses seasonal trend reversal of pressure and wind system during the year. The Tibetan plateau and the Himalayan Mountains situated in the north, Thar Desert in the west and Indian Ocean in the south of the country, make its climate unique and diversified, varying from tropical to temperate and from desert to alpine conditions. The country receives most of its rain during summers while faces extreme cold conditions in north and mild temperatures in the south during winters. In recent decades India has recorded an increase in extreme climate events and there are several studies which link this change to rapid humanization of Indian landscape Mishra [18] Mishra [19] IPCC [20]. Notably the correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature is positive for all states. These relationships significant in case of Sikkim, Odisha, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar while the statistical insignificance for most of the states can be attributed to geographical variations. Nevertheless, the unidirectional covariance of sunspot activity and temperature change shows that temperature trends are mostly being governed by the incoming solar radiation.

The uneven rise in surface temperature can be understood by differences in surface reflectivity and regional geography. For example, same amount of insulation will produce more warming on darker or flat surface and less on the light or undulating surface, like in Rajasthan, a large area of land comes under desert which reflects more energy and thus, is not as warm as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, or Northeast states which is marked by surface of vegetation cover absorbing more solar radiation. On the other hand, the state of Punjab is known for its green fields, absorbing more heat, but due to intense irrigation, this heat produces a 'partial cooling effect' as the naturally enhanced temperature spends its energy for evaporating the field waters. The state of Haryana along with the Chandigarh and NCT of Delhi is under the 'partial cooling effect' of urban heat islands as the extra heat accumulate in local atmosphere enhances the rate of evaporation and thereby atmospheric water vapour content. This effect is visible in the rainfall patterns of these states as they have received more rainfall due to the enhanced water vapour in their local atmosphere. The partial cooling effect of urban heat island is also working in case of Kerala and the state has recorded a less warming than its neighbouring states. The relationship between sunspot number and rainfall is not very clear, yet, due to low cloud seeding during increased sunspot activity, it can be suggested that the rainfall will decline (Figure 1).

(Figure 2) demonstrates the monthly and seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall conditions of India during last 116 years (1901-2016). Evidently February, November and December are the months that have recorded highest increase in temperature and on the other hand the month of July has witnessed maximum decrease in volume of rainfall. It is clearly visible from the Figure (2). That winter and Post-Monsoon seasons are gaining heat, while the Monsoon season has noticed a decline in rainfall.

(Figure 3) displays the temperature and rainfall pattern of India for 1901-2016. A sharp increase in temperature and a significant decline in rainfall after the year 1990 are quite evident. Virtually the year of 1990 can be termed as 'climate dividend' for India. Actually, this was the period when India opened its market for foreign investors to install industrial units in the country. It is evident that the India's climate is shifting towards hot and dry conditions and this change is more evident for last 2 decades.

Linking ENSO and Sunspot phenomena with Temperature and Rainfall Changes

(Table 1) shows the correlation between annual mean temperature, annual rainfall and annual mean sunspot numbers for a period of 102 years (1911-2012). Notably the correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature is positive for all states. This relationship is significant in case of Sikkim, Odisha, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar while the statistical insignificance for most of the states can be attributed to geographical variations. Nevertheless, the unidirectional covariance of sunspot activity and temperature change shows that temperature trends are mostly being governed by the incoming solar radiation.

The uneven rise in surface temperature can be understood by differences in surface reflectivity and regional geography. For example, same amount of isolation will produce more warming on darker or flat surface and less on the light or undulating surface, like in Rajasthan a large area of land comes under desert which reflects more energy and thus, is not as warm as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, or Northeast states which is marked by surface of vegetation cover absorbing more solar radiation. On the other hand, the state of Punjab is known for its green fields, absorbing more heat, but due to intense irrigation, this heat produces a 'partial cooling effect' as the naturally enhanced temperature spends its energy for evaporating the field waters. The state of Haryana along with the Chandigarh and NCT of Delhi is under the 'partial cooling effect' of urban heat islands as the extra heat accumulate in local atmosphere enhances the rate of evaporation and thereby atmospheric water vapour content. This effect is visible in the rainfall patterns of these states as they have received more rainfall due to the enhanced water vapour in their local atmosphere. The 'partial cooling effect’ of urban heat island is also working in case of Kerala and the state has recorded a less warming than its neighbouring states.

The relationship between sunspot number and rainfall is not very clear, yet, due to low cloud seeding during increased sunspot activity, it can be suggested that the rainfall will decline. The correlation between sunspot numbers and the rainfall partially support this idea. It can be gauged from (Table 1) that almost half of the states of the country are showing negative relationship between sunspot activity and rainfall. However, owing to the two-tailed relationship, no definite association can be interpreted. It can be said that the rainfall depends more on local atmospheric conditions rather than external forcing. The second natural short term forcing for temperature and rainfall changes is the El Niño-La Niña oscillation. This is measured in Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). (Table 2) presents the correlations between Oceanic Niño Index and temperature and rainfall for a period of 52 years (1961-2012).

The (Table 2) shows that during El Niño years, temperatures were high over India and also that there was more rainfall during such years. Although the rainfall-oceanic Niño index correlation is insignificant for most of the states, yet few have recorded a significant positive correlation. This goes against the so called El Niño-Monsoon relationship that during El Niño a less rainfall is expected over India. However, the two-tailed relationship between El Niño and temperature, and El Niño and rainfall limits the possibility of predicting any significant association between these two variables.

Conclusion

The positive correlations between Sunspot cycle and Temperature patterns show that solar activity is a critical determinant of regional temperature profile of the country, however, the degree of correlation between sunspot numbers and temperature patterns for most of the states is very weak. On the other hand, the sunspot cycle-rainfall association is two tailed and do not support Svensmark, and Friis-Christensen's cosmic theory of climate change. It is noteworthy that most of the coastal states of India record a good correlation between Oceanic Niño Index and Temperature. This simply means that during El Niño years, Indian coast becomes warmer than usual, and thus, this phenomenon disturbs normal monsoon mechanism by easing the pressure gradient developed over the country. However, the correlations between El Niño and rainfall patterns do not justify the hypothesis that during El Niño years India gets less rainfall than normal.

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For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

[nickborisov]

NIKOLAI BORISOV | THE ICARUS 

“IT WAS A PLEASURE TO BURN.” -RAY BRADBURY 

BASIC INFORMATION

FULL NAME: nikolai borisov

MEANING:

nikolai ( slavic ) - victory of the people

borsiov ( russian ) - of boris

NICKNAME(S): nik, kolya, firebug, nikashka, pup (only by his father)

PREFERRED NAME(S): nikolai, nik

BIRTH DATE: august 9th, 1990

AGE: 30

ZODIAC: leo

GENDER: male

PRONOUNS: he / his

ROMANTIC ORIENTATION: panromantic

SEXUAL ORIENTATION: pansexual

NATIONALITY: russian

ETHNICITY: russian

CURRENT LOCATION: verona, italy

LIVING CONDITIONS: nikolai is used to moving around, so he doesn’t put much stock in where exactly he lives. his apartment is out of the way of most of the city’s main thoroughfare, near several abandoned warehouses so that he can work and create without drawing a lot of attention. it’s nicer than he would normally find for himself, because he’s been in verona longer than he’s ever been anywhere else--it has a balcony, a spare room for a makeshift workshop, and a nice kitchen.

TITLE(S): the icarus, nick bottom, fireman, that russian arsonist, that crazy bastard

BACKGROUND

BIRTHPLACE / HOMETOWN: murmansk, russia

SOCIAL CLASS: nik grew up with a single father, so he was always lower middle class. when he initially started traveling he often found himself living meal to meal, but then he discovered that people were willing to pay a lot of money for his specific set of skills. he has more money than he really knows what to do with, he just chooses not to use it most of the time--he doesn’t care about advancing his social standing or buying himself nice things.

EDUCATION LEVEL: dropped out of high school.

FATHER: andrei borisov

MOTHER: marya morozov

SIBLING(S): none as far as he knows. he doesn’t have a relationship with his mother--she could have more children he doesn’t know about.

CHILDREN: none

PET(S): none--but he makes an effort to feed any stray that he might come across, give them a pet and a smile.

OTHER IMPORTANT RELATIVES: nik never really met the rest of his family--they all moved away from murmansk at some point, and nik and his father could rarely afford to travel that far. occasionally he might get a call from an aunt or an uncle on a holiday, but those were pretty few and far between. his mother wanted nothing to do with him, so he knows nothing about her side of the family.

PREVIOUS RELATIONSHIPS:

edward little : a university student with an interest in studying the arctic. they were together for a little over a year when ed got a grant to study in norway, and nik just decided to move on.

zaid khadem : a poet that nik met in cairo. they were together for a couple of months before nik moved on again.

anna fallon : a singer / songwriter from new york city. they lived together for nearly three years before her career and nik’s restless nature drew them in separate directions.

ARRESTS?: too many to count--especially when he was just starting out.

PRISON TIME?: at this point in his life, nik is pretty good at avoiding real jail time.

OCCUPATION + HOME

PRIMARY SOURCE OF INCOME: arson and designing explosive devices for the montagues and the capulets, or anyone who can afford to hire him.

SECONDARY SOURCE OF INCOME: n/a

CONTENT WITH THEIR JOB (OR LACK THERE OF)?: absolutely, it’s the only thing he’s really ever been good at, and its the only thing he’s ever really understood with any clarity. fire makes sense to him, fire brings him comfort--if he wasn’t lighting fires he thinks that the ice he was born into would wear away at his bones, and his life would lack any purpose.

PAST JOB(S): nik has only ever lit fires and orchestrated explosions professionally--before that he relied on stealing to stay alive.

SPENDING HABITS: there was no extra money when he was growing up, and now that he’s making an absurd amount of money he doesn’t really like spending it, or know what to spend it on. he gets what he needs to survive, maybe an occasional gift for the people that he cares about, and that’s really it. he refuses to become like the upper class he’s seen in verona--and he doesn’t think they would accept him, even if he did decide to start spending his money and clean up his image.

MOST VALUABLE POSSESSION: his first lighter, which he lifted from his father. he doesn’t use it anymore, but it reminds him of where he came from, all of the reasons that he won’t go back.

SKILLS + ABILITIES

PHYSICAL STRENGTH: 5/10? pretty average--he’s tall and thin but his frame has some muscle to it. arson doesn’t require a whole lot of physical strength, but he enjoys boxing as a way to burn off excess energy, and he lived on the streets for a long time which taught him that he needed to be able to protect himself at a moment’s notice.

OFFENSE: 6/10. fighting was pretty much the only thing to do to waste time when he was growing up, and he likes to box in his spare time.

DEFENSE: 8/10. traveling and living on the streets of various countries taught him to defend what he has, by any means necessary.

SPEED: 7/10. running is the action he engages in most often--running from explosions or infernos, from the police--he has to be fast in order to keep himself alive and out of jail.

INTELLIGENCE: impossible to really define? he’s not book smart by any stretch of the imagination, he knows a lot about survival and he’s got a natural ability with languages. he also has the ability to construct complicated explosive devices and can determine the best way to light up any kind of building. he just isn’t quite like everyone else and his mind doesn’t work like everyone else’s mind works--but that doesn’t mean that he lacks intelligence.

ACCURACY: 4/10. he’s only shot a gun a couple of times, and he doesn’t really possess the patience to make himself a better marksman.

AGILITY: 8/10. also nessecary for getting out of the way of his creations and those who would oppose them.

STAMINA: 7/10. he’s not out of shape, but he does repeatedly inhale smoke which means his lungs work at diminished capacity.

TEAMWORK: 3/10. there are few people who can interpret him, and he would rather not have to explain himself. he deals with a client in the most bare-bones way possible, and then does the work himself.

TALENTS: he’s a decent boxer, and he’s naturally adept at languages. he also, obviously, has a talent for setting fires in a variety of settings, and designing explosive devices. he knows something about forging metal as well from being in his father’s workshop, but he’s never actually used those skills.

SHORTCOMINGS: he has a tendency to run before he really gets invested in things, he prefers chaos to order and planning, and he doesn’t generally allow himself to be understood by other people.

LANGUAGE(S) SPOKEN: russian, english, italian, a little bit of arabic, a little bit of spanish, and a little bit of french.

DRIVE?: yes

JUMP-START A CAR?: yes

CHANGE A FLAT TIRE?: yes

RIDE A BICYCLE?: no

SWIM?: yes

PLAY AN INSTRUMENT?: no.

PLAY CHESS?: no.

BRAID HAIR?: no.

TIE A TIE?: no--he hates wearing them and will avoid it at all costs.

PICK A LOCK?: yes

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE + CHARACTERISTICS

FACE CLAIM: boyd holbrook

EYE COLOR: blue / grey

HAIR COLOR: dirty blonde

HAIR TYPE/STYLE: on the longer side and unkempt--he could give a damn about taking care of it, and he’ll shove it under a beanie or some other kind of hat 9 times out of 10.

GLASSES/CONTACTS?: none.

DOMINANT HAND: left

HEIGHT: 6′2

WEIGHT: 160

BUILD: tall and wiry--any muscle he has is very lean.

EXERCISE HABITS: boxing, running as part of his job.

SKIN TONE: the sun was a luxury where he grew up, so he tends to be pretty pale.

TATTOOS: a match and a lighter on his chest, his father’s initials in cyrillic on the inside of his wrist, an illustrated molotov on his calf from a drunken dare. he wants more--for the people he’s come to care about during his time in verona.

PIERCINGS: none.

MARKS/SCARS: he’s got burn scars of varying degrees all along his hands and arms.

NOTABLE FEATURES: cheekbones, his expressive mouth and eyes, the constant smell of kerosene and smoke.

USUAL EXPRESSION: grinning wolfishly.

CLOTHING STYLE: clothes that should have been thrown out years ago, leather jackets, flannel shirts, jeans with holes in the knees and stains that are practically archaic, doc martens, converse with holes in them, sweaters burned at the sleeves. he doesn’t really care about how he looks--he’s all about what keeps him warm and what is practical. it doesn’t make a whole lot of sense to him to spend money on expensive clothes when there’s a chance they’ll just go up in smoke.

JEWELRY: a pocketknife.

MAKEUP: none.

ALLERGIES: boredom, staying in one place too long.

DIET: too much alcohol, not enough vegetables, whatever brielle will take pity on him and make for him.

PHYSICAL AILMENTS: none.

PSYCHOLOGY

JUNG TYPE: ESTP

ENNEAGRAM TYPE: type seven, the enthusiast--the busy, variety seeking type. spontaneous, versatile, acquisitive, scattered.

MORAL ALIGNMENT: chaotic neutral

TEMPERAMENT: sanguine

ELEMENT: fire (lol)

PRIMARY INTELLIGENCE TYPE: bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

APPROXIMATE IQ: pretty average, but again--his type of intelligence is difficult to measure.

MENTAL CONDITIONS/DISORDERS: nothing diagnosed, but he struggles with anxiety and can border on manic.

SOCIABILITY: there are very few people that nik has ever allowed to try and understand him, and make a place in his life. he’s on the move constantly, so it’s easier for him to just make temporary relationships that can be easily discarded and forgotten about. having a busy single father meant he was on his own most of his life, and he has come to prefer that to prolonged contact with people.

EMOTIONAL STABILITY: it takes a lot to get underneath his veneer of chaotic energy--but he does tend to feel things deeply, when he allows people and emotions to get past it. he generally believes that if he doesn’t think about complicated emotions, about pain and grief and things of that nature, if he keeps himself busy and laughing, then they won’t affect him.

OBSESSION(S): fire, explosions, having a good time, traveling.

COMPULSION(S): to run away before feelings get involved, to laugh loudly when there’s silence, to call attention to the darker and more uglier sides of society by burning down the beautiful things.

PHOBIA(S): he isn’t really afraid of anything--abandonment, maybe, if he allows himself to think about how he came into the world, and the fact that his mother very clearly didn’t want anything to do with him.

ADDICTION(S): he’s an adrenaline junkie, he’s addicted to anything that gives him a rush.

DRUG USE: he’s willing to test any of theo’s creations, but that’s about the extent of it.

ALCOHOL USE: one of his primary coping mechanisms. he’s a vodka man in terms of drink and in terms of accelerants. as long as it’s strong enough to strip paint, and it burns on the way down.

PRONE TO VIOLENCE?: not if he can really help it--but he’s not exactly adverse to it either. he mostly has to see a good reason for it.

MANNERISMS

SPEECH STYLE: fast, barely understood at times, a mixture of russian, Italian, and whatever else he feels expresses his feelings.

ACCENT: russian

QUIRKS: mixing his languages, sometimes he’ll forget words, or make the mistakes common to someone speaking a second or third language. he talks to himself a lot, under his breath. he flicks his lighter open and closed in his pocket when he’s anxious, and he always carries it with him. his whole life is pretty quirky.

HOBBIES: boxing, he’s learning to enjoy reading more, bothering theo in their lab or at their place, wandering the city. he generally doesn’t have a lot of time for hobbies, but since he’s been in verona longer than he has anywhere else, he’s working on developing more.

NERVOUS TICKS: dragging a hand through his hair, flicking his lighter open and closed, licking over the points of his canines.

DRIVES/MOTIVATIONS: to see every corner of the world, to watch it burn behind him. he generally is motivated by a desire to unsettle the dust, to spark something incredible. like an inventor or a scientist--he wants to create.

FEARS: abandonment, other than that he prides himself on not being scared of anything.

POSITIVE TRAITS: creative, resourceful, fun-loving.

NEGATIVE TRAITS: cynical, stubborn, flighty

SENSE OF HUMOR: all over the place--dad jokes, puns, sarcasm, anything that will make himself laugh primarily.

DO THEY CURSE OFTEN?: all the time, and in several different languages. his favorite is his mother tongue, the ones he learned first.

FAVORITES

ACTIVITY: bothering theo and lighting fires.

ANIMAL: any kind of dog.

BEVERAGE: vodka.

BOOK: fahrenheit 451, treasure island, the count of monte cristo

COLOR: red

DESIGNER: he doesn’t have one.

FOOD: solyanka and whatever brielle makes for him.

FLOWER: dahlia

GEM: ruby

HOLIDAY: halloween, new year’s eve

MOVIE: all three Indiana jones movies, treasure planet, rebel without a cause

QUOTE/SAYING:

“oh i don't mean you’re handsome, not in the way people think of handsome. your face seems kind. but your eyes--they’re beautiful. they’re wild, crazy, like some animal peering out of a forest on fire.”

-charles bukowski

SCENT: kerosene and smoke

SPORT: boxing

TELEVISION SHOW: man vs. wild, drunk history, black sails

WEATHER: anything warm--he had enough cold growing up.

VACATION DESTINATION: the mountains of nepal.

ATTITUDES

GREATEST DREAM: get out of verona, hopefully with the person he loves by his side. MOST AT EASE WHEN: he’s most at ease when he’s working, or when he’s with brielle or theo. LEAST AT EASE WHEN: he’s forced to interact with any of verona’s “upper class”, people who look at him as nothing better than a stray dog. WORST POSSIBLE THING THAT COULD HAPPEN: theo getting bored of him and keeping him out of their life for good, having nowhere else to go but back to murmansk, having no choice but to join one of the mobs. BIGGEST ACHIEVEMENT: leaving murmansk, learning to make a living doing what he loves. BIGGEST REGRET:  not having a better relationship with his father, allowing himself to get wrapped up in the war in verona. TOP PRIORITIES: keeping theo alive, staying neutral.

[thelonecoyote]

At the Mountains of Madness

By H. P. Lovecraft

I am forced into speech because men of science have refused to follow my advice without knowing why. It is altogether against my will that I tell my reasons for opposing this contemplated invasion of the antarctic—with its vast fossil-hunt and its wholesale boring and melting of the ancient ice-cap—and I am the more reluctant because my warning may be in vain. Doubt of the real facts, as I must reveal them, is inevitable; yet if I suppressed what will seem extravagant and incredible there would be nothing left. The hitherto withheld photographs, both ordinary and aërial, will count in my favour; for they are damnably vivid and graphic. Still, they will be doubted because of the great lengths to which clever fakery can be carried. The ink drawings, of course, will be jeered at as obvious impostures; notwithstanding a strangeness of technique which art experts ought to remark and puzzle over.

In the end I must rely on the judgment and standing of the few scientific leaders who have, on the one hand, sufficient independence of thought to weigh my data on its own hideously convincing merits or in the light of certain primordial and highly baffling myth-cycles; and on the other hand, sufficient influence to deter the exploring world in general from any rash and overambitious programme in the region of those mountains of madness. It is an unfortunate fact that relatively obscure men like myself and my associates, connected only with a small university, have little chance of making an impression where matters of a wildly bizarre or highly controversial nature are concerned.

It is further against us that we are not, in the strictest sense, specialists in the fields which came primarily to be concerned. As a geologist my object in leading the Miskatonic University Expedition was wholly that of securing deep-level specimens of rock and soil from various parts of the antarctic continent, aided by the remarkable drill devised by Prof. Frank H. Pabodie of our engineering department. I had no wish to be a pioneer in any other field than this; but I did hope that the use of this new mechanical appliance at different points along previously explored paths would bring to light materials of a sort hitherto unreached by the ordinary methods of collection. Pabodie’s drilling apparatus, as the public already knows from our reports, was unique and radical in its lightness, portability, and capacity to combine the ordinary artesian drill principle with the principle of the small circular rock drill in such a way as to cope quickly with strata of varying hardness. Steel head, jointed rods, gasoline motor, collapsible wooden derrick, dynamiting paraphernalia, cording, rubbish-removal auger, and sectional piping for bores five inches wide and up to 1000 feet deep all formed, with needed accessories, no greater load than three seven-dog sledges could carry; this being made possible by the clever aluminum alloy of which most of the metal objects were fashioned. Four large Dornier aëroplanes, designed especially for the tremendous altitude flying necessary on the antarctic plateau and with added fuel-warming and quick-starting devices worked out by Pabodie, could transport our entire expedition from a base at the edge of the great ice barrier to various suitable inland points, and from these points a sufficient quota of dogs would serve us.

We planned to cover as great an area as one antarctic season—or longer, if absolutely necessary—would permit, operating mostly in the mountain-ranges and on the plateau south of Ross Sea; regions explored in varying degree by Shackleton, Amundsen, Scott, and Byrd. With frequent changes of camp, made by aëroplane and involving distances great enough to be of geological significance, we expected to unearth a quite unprecedented amount of material; especially in the pre-Cambrian strata of which so narrow a range of antarctic specimens had previously been secured. We wished also to obtain as great as possible a variety of the upper fossiliferous rocks, since the primal life-history of this bleak realm of ice and death is of the highest importance to our knowledge of the earth’s past. That the antarctic continent was once temperate and even tropical, with a teeming vegetable and animal life of which the lichens, marine fauna, arachnida, and penguins of the northern edge are the only survivals, is a matter of common information; and we hoped to expand that information in variety, accuracy, and detail. When a simple boring revealed fossiliferous signs, we would enlarge the aperture by blasting in order to get specimens of suitable size and condition.

Our borings, of varying depth according to the promise held out by the upper soil or rock, were to be confined to exposed or nearly exposed land surfaces—these inevitably being slopes and ridges because of the mile or two-mile thickness of solid ice overlying the lower levels. We could not afford to waste drilling depth on any considerable amount of mere glaciation, though Pabodie had worked out a plan for sinking copper electrodes in thick clusters of borings and melting off limited areas of ice with current from a gasoline-driven dynamo. It is this plan—which we could not put into effect except experimentally on an expedition such as ours—that the coming Starkweather-Moore Expedition proposes to follow despite the warnings I have issued since our return from the antarctic.

[you-can-write-this]

Character Creation Tip: Archetypes of Interest

If you’re having trouble formulating your cast of personalities, or your characters are feeling nebulous, then try this: begin with an archetype, and then complicate it or subvert it.

Arguably, the most efficient strategy is to begin with your character’s interests, and/or their chosen subculture. (This list is not exhaustive, and it spans a variety of styles and genres. Ignore the concepts which are too exaggerated or too bland for your reality.)

These are just a few ideas to get you inspired! Have fun, and be sure to absolutely ruin the archetypes you select-- don’t play them straight! In other words, these are all stereotypes, and it’s up to you to shift away from these stereotypes!

Rock - A passionate musician who feels more than they think. They list band names just to show off, and they hold extremely strong opinions on obscure controversies (e.g. slap-bass is best thumb-down). They can be talented or terrible. Stereotypically, they are slackers in almost every subject: they refuse to try in school and prefer unemployment to hard work. However, when they are passionate, they don’t recognize that they’re working. With their instrument, they are persistent, and may even become skilled. If they like the idea of pulling up in a flashy car, they’ll learn how to drive, and they’ll do it well enough. But if driving is a chore, they’ll be homebound or hitching rides.

Related interests: Even if they are characterized by their interest in rock, they are likely to have similar feelings about other, lesser interests. Common examples are comic books, D&D, and other nerdy media. They’re likely fond of tv & movies from the 80s and 90s. They may have an appreciation for some other genres, such as hip-hop, but will select genres to hate in order to establish an out-group (commonly classical, country, or radio pop). Stereotypically, they have an aversion to mainstream media and intellectualism; both make them feel inferior.

Dark counterculture - Goth, emo, and all those unlabelled. They are angry about something, but don’t know what to do with those feelings, so they choose society or authority figures as the target of their anger; they might seem very justified, or they might seem completely silly. Some brandish weapons, such as aesthetically pleasing knives, as a symbol of rebellion, but (usually) not as a tool for malice. Similarly, they gravitate towards dark iconography, which to them reads as “truth”-- satanic and violent imagery seem to call attention to the actual darkness they perceive in the world, a darkness often hidden away (although they do not believe in the devil, and do not necessarily advocate violence; if they do, it’s probably all hypotheticals, and never actions). Despite all this, most have personable, friendly, and often cheerfully childlike mannerisms by default, at least when socializing within the in-group.

Related interests: They probably have personal idols who they latch onto. Musicians are most common, but any celebrity is fine, as long as they can classify as a personal symbol of rebellion. A superstitious attitude has taught them to trust tarot, to believe in ghosts, and maybe even to practice casual witchcraft. They cope with internal pain through their vices, primarily drugs, tobacco, and alcohol. Particularly among girls/women (according to stereotype), they also may have a strong liking for childlike or “pretty” media-- Disney movies and children’s shows, for example, although older/nostalgic media for teens & adults may also make the cut. They are averse to mainstream media by virtue of it being mainstream, but older mainstream media, particularly from the 80s and 90s, can appear left behind and forgotten, and regardless of gender, the character may seek to protect this forgotten & broken toy, thereby developing a great fondness.

The idea of America - This trope only applies to Americans, as it describes American nationalists. They love symbols of America, including the flag, the eagle, the army, the police, and sometimes the fire department. In appearance, they have a high level of self-confidence, showing off their toughness and their perceived moral integrity. They are probably politically conservative, if not libertarian or independent. This type is proud to be loyal-- they are proud of how they stand by their family, or their clique, or even how they stand by their own self-- as a result, they resist changing social groups on principle (breakups are especially hard), and they may be willing to make great sacrifices in order to prove their loyalty (e.g. putting themself in danger). Personal sacrifice, to them, demonstrates their heroic nature. They are similarly loyal to America. Country music probably appeals to them, and so does mainstream media, such as pop music and action/superhero movies. In some areas towards the south, these characters are popular jocks, and may have brains as well as brawn; their futures may be promising, and they are well-liked. If younger, they may party, and if older, they are a parent, beloved by other parents in the area, possibly coaching a little league or joined to a PTA. In some areas towards the north, these characters are rebellious and countercultural. In this case, expect spiteful & defensive behaviors, paired with a distrust in authority; they will still have mainstream tastes, but they might be wary of the charming and well-liked. They may find themself stuck, on a loop, talking about leaving town or starting a business, but they mistake their own dreams for goals; it will never happen. In contexts that frame them as rebellious, others may describe them as annoying, childish, or aggressive.

Regarding gender: Not all of them are men. Within this archetype, many pride themselves as “tough ladies,” but be wary that they are not feminists. The men will be loyal to their families, and the women will be loyal to their husbands. Both men and women will place great importance on their gender role as a symbol of tradition, a loyalty to their upbringing and to each other. Women of this type may be proud gun owners, or may be athletic in the realm of “feminine” sports, such as tennis or softball; almost never football or basketball. If these women/girls are countercultural & rebellious in their context, expect them to spite well-liked women for being vapid, superficial, or boring.

Regarding moving: Someone who has grown up in the south well-liked for these qualities will still be confident & sociable in other cultural contexts. In the case of a countercultural rebel, it may depend. 

Broader queer community - Not all queer people integrate their queer identity into their lifestyle-- but some do. Without an enormous subversion, this trope is better off written by queer writers. (This admin is queer in many respects.) Social politics engage them, invigorate them, and infuriate them. They’re a leftist if not center-left, and they have probably gained a lot of their knowledge & wisdom from social media, to varying degrees of accuracy; they’ve spent long hours scrolling through socio-political facts and opinions, lighting a fire in their stomach. According to stereotype, legitimate distress has left them spiteful at a young age, and they are quick to anger, quick to correct others. Friendships within the queer community bring them a sense of comfort. When comfortable, they are energetic and indulge in childlike behaviors; speaking too loudly, bursting into song, offering inappropriate emotional responses, etc. They are openly affectionate and may even enjoy cuddling with friends or openly cuddling with a partner(s). After previously feeling limited at a younger age, they are now desperate to express themself through any medium, and therefore gravitate towards wacky/colorful clothing, talk constantly about their queerness, and may decorate their houses/rooms with bizarre, sometimes queer, paraphernalia.

Related interests: If they’re invested in a tv show, podcast, movie series, book series, or other piece of media, they are probably very deeply and passionately invested. This media will usually be current, and will usually be just outside of the social norm-- for example, serious-toned animated shows, but not quite children’s television; if it’s live-action, then it’s science fiction or fantasy with a distinctive lore. Their chosen media falls into three categories: A. media with canonical lesbian relationships, B. media in which two or more men have a warm, positive relationship (which doesn’t always have to be interpreted as romantic by fans), C. it’s a YA story in which a vibrant cast of characters come together as a team or clique. They spend significant time talking about, thinking about, or writing about their favorite media. 

Female celebrities - They have a vast knowledge of their favorite female celebrities, and keep closely up to date through social media. They are fiercely loyal to these celebrities, and take any spite towards these celebrities as an ethical offense. Unconsciously, they’ve developed a very strong sense of importance towards the gender binary, and for their own reasons, believe in supporting (certain) women, and distrusting men. Unconsciously, they imitate their favorite celebrities, and learn how to behave from them-- because of this, their world has a high bar for fashion and presentability. Their clothes are a perfect fit, style, and shape, and if they’re a woman/girl, their makeup is a wonder; in this way, they, too feel a little bit more like the women they admire. Stereotypically, if they’re a gay man, they probably imitate their favorite female celebrities consciously more than unconsciously, dancing along to the choreographed dances and attributing these imitations of femininity to their own homosexuality. In any form of imitation, their obsession with celebrities informs their norms, and informs their sense of self. Because they learn to view themself externally, comparing their own behaviors and presentation to that of celebrities, they will become experts in their own presentation, and as a result, become very well-liked, with many friends. Their lingo is very much up-to-date. They’re a fan of male celebrities as well, but they do not make it a hobby; it holds much lesser importance.

Related interests: In general, their tastes sway mainstream. They like watching celebrities because they like people, and so socializing and partying are their primary pastimes. With their heightened empathetic skills, they could relate to those in the out-group, but have trained themself not to, in order to feel most comfortable in their in-group. So they spend time with people similar to themself, and avoid or even act cruelly towards those they don’t immediately understand.

Classical music (for characters below 30 or so) - Their classical tastes span infinite times and locations. However, they take separate interest in European (or Ancient Grecian/Roman) history, and in this regard, they are probably fixated on a particular country during a specific period: for example, the Italian Renaissance, Soviet Russia, or Classical Greece. They’ve read a lot of classic literature from and outside of this setting. They feel disconnected from contemporary society and mainstream media, although their complaints may be diverse. They do extremely well in school, and heel to all authority figures. They relish in their ability to follow the instructions of teachers, bosses, and elders, and when they lack ability to fulfill commands, they become anxious and panicked.

Related interests: When they connect to contemporary culture in their own way, however, their hearts swell with pride-- maybe they make memes about classical art, and tote this as a character trait. Humor is a common way to show off that they don’t take their obsessions “too seriously,” and it often becomes central to their self-expression. Otherwise, they may have any number of interests, but it’s common for contemporary media to be handled with humor and irony.

School - Bookish, quiet, and unhappy. Stereotypically, this archetype is guided first and foremost by authority figures. They feel pressured to do better than anyone, and have either limited or failed to incite their social life. Since success in social relationships remains unquantifiable, friendship always ends up on the back-burner, even long after they’ve realized their mistake, and long after it’s too late. They get straight As most of the time, and feel proud of their ability to do better than anyone else. But they can’t write essays because they struggle to form their own opinions; if they get better at writing through shear hard work and perseverance, they will still struggle when an upper-level English teacher tells them to “cultivate your own unique voice,” because as far as they can see, they don’t have any voice of their own. They don’t know themself and are not sure how to learn about themself. Their actions follow the instructions of others. If they’re a college student, they’re having trouble picking a major, or have picked a major for pragmatic (not emotional) reasons.

Related interests: Poetry is a likely interest, whether it’s Instagram poetry, printed poetry, or the act of writing poetry. Even if they never seem to know who they are, if they write poetry, those poems seem to write themselves. They may also have nerdy interests, such as kpop, children’s tv shows, or anime. They aren’t explicitly averse to mainstream culture, either. Because they study so often, they’ve probably tried, at one point or another, studying with music on, so they have developed music tastes. They probably know their musical niche very well, whatever it may be (and no genre is necessarily off limits).

Academia - Perhaps a professor, or just as likely, a wannabe. They have some knowledge in many fields, and specialized knowledge in one field or a few. However, they will proudly bare their broad, shallow knowledge on the subjects they’re less familiar with. They form strong opinions on hardly familiar subject matter, and become domineering in conversation. They probably think that psychology is a nonsense field made up of unprovable, and therefore irrelevant, theories. Others will constantly be Googling the obscure words they speak. Lateness and disorganization illustrate the disconnect between their deep thought and a pragmatic reality. However, in their private life, they may exhibit extraordinarily silly or childlike mannerisms, in their own adult way. Such mannerisms appear to be a disclaimer to their personalities-- that they are not serious all the time, which makes them feel a little cooler, or at least, a little less cold, insociable, or nerdy. But in fact, they are indignant about any silliness which contaminates art or academia, and thus, they section off maturity (thoughtful, logical, serious, rigorous) and childishness (pointless, for entertainment value only, not strictly beautiful or strictly grotesquely beautiful). They are serious about serious matters and silly among silly matters. Contrast to the young fan of classical music, who approaches the mature, academic, or artistic as a form of entertainment worth joking about. According to stereotype, both the young classical listener and the academia enthusiast use humor to disarm their perilously serious interests, but the academic is much more cautious to distract from beauty or knowledge.

Related interests: They have a strong appreciation for the arts & culture. Classical music is the highest form of music to them, and hip hop is “not real music.” They are deeply moved by literature, sculpture, and painting; the older it is, the more they like it.

Skateboarding - Relaxed and sociable, this character can be seen skating from class to class on an outdoor college campus, or trying tricks with other skaters in back of the public library. They are fascinated by appearances, and are very careful about their presentation in regards to fashion (probably includes a beanie), their language, and the tastes they share with other people (in movies, television, etc.). Therefore, they may slip into superficial behaviors, judging others by first impressions or even just their appearances or their social status. They are aware of how others perceive them, and are both conscientious and self-conscious. The skateboard itself is an aesthetic flare taken very far, reflecting their strong sense of nostalgia. Their nostalgia shows up in their other interests as well: they watch television & movies from the 80s and 90s, they started playing D&D after “Stranger Things” came out, and they genuinely enjoyed reading The Catcher in the Rye. Their tastes and tendencies may be nerdy and subversive, but because they are conscientious about how others perceive them, they are great at forming good relationships with others. They are sociable and know how to be likable. Sometimes they try to simplify themself for the easier consumption of others, and they definitely hide some of their stranger interests & ideas.

Related interests: Music is important to them, but that could take the form of hip hop, rock (likely punk), radio pop, or the generally alternative & obscure. Whether they’re smart or they’re stupid, they probably have at least one significant academic interest, such as literature or history, and they don’t care if other people know.

Musicals - Loud, eccentric, melodramatic. The theater kid is so boisterous that even they can’t deny it, and with full self-awareness, they break from social norms. They usually have trouble taking things seriously. They don’t take rules or laws seriously, and will stand on tables while authority figures demand that they get down. They first and foremost chase their bliss, against odds, threats, and authority. If a loved one passes away, they will become somber and cannot contain their pain, sobbing every waking moment, and they will cry suddenly at birthday parties, (understandably) calling attention to their latest thoughts and feelings for all to hear. However, if an unimportant or disliked acquaintance passes away, they may be stealing away with a friend to the corner of the funeral home, whispering jokes about something else and laughing inappropriately. They will speak sexually explicitly in church and laugh as they catch the glares of a passerby. They are not themself without friends, because they need someone to be in on the fun, on the joke. However, unlike most of the archetypes on this list, they primarily target people within the in-group. Like their friends, they are feeling, and highly sensitive. But like their friends, they are not conscientious of other people’s boundaries, and they don’t like to be told what to do. They make enemies of other theater kids, and can be genuinely aggressive, scheming, and villainous. They feel no shame when they talk behind people’s backs, which is one of their pastimes. But most importantly, you can always expect them to burst into song at the absolutely wrong time. Expect very intensive knowledge about their favorite musicals, but probably not their inner workings-- they can recite scenes from memory, and they know the names of all the original performers, but they are less likely to know names of writers, and they tend to care less for trivia. They may know some music theory and how to play piano, but otherwise, they will remain in their lane, focusing on performance aspects.

Related interests: If they are of high school age or younger, they can party without any drink or drugs; otherwise, they modestly drink alcohol and then trick themself into thinking they’re completely hammered. Assume they first tried alcohol at a young age. Despite how loudly they talk about sex & drugs, they may be inexperienced & naive about drugs. If they do drugs frequently, though, they do party drugs at parties, or try out drugs at other social gatherings to feel hip & cool.

Furries - No, they don’t want to fuck real animals. They want to fuck cartoon animals, but more importantly, they want to be cartoon animals. Like the theater kid archetype, they are bombastic, emotional, and sociable, but unlike the theater kid archetype, they lack any social awareness at all, and they are strictly countercultural. Theater kids read the room and don’t care what they see; furries can’t read the room at all. Amongst the in-group, they are childlike: loud, offering inappropriate emotional reactions, and constantly crossing other people’s boundaries. They can be very inappropriate (sexually & otherwise), regardless of the setting, and regardless of other people’s reactions. But more importantly, they are fiercely affectionate. They hug strangers of the in-group, and otherwise actively pursue physical contact. When a loved one gets attention, they are quick to become jealous, and they pursue their loved one’s attention overtly or covertly; they become angry and demand attention, or they show off their sadness and hope their loved one will notice. Amongst the out-group, they expect others to limit their true self. They are either quiet, or they become overtly rebellious, treating the out-group as the enemy who will stifle them. When rebellious, they try their best to be obscene: they curse & insult haphazardly, they feel proud when authority figures come down on them, and they gravitate towards obscene gestures and lewd implications. They are either proud of their sexual experiences, or shame others for their sexual experiences. Self-expression is extremely important to them, so they wear edgy, suggestive, or brightly colored clothing. However, they only care about bringing the inside to the outside, and they’re not very aware of the gaze of others, so they may not take care of their hair very much, and they don’t wear makeup; these are superficial matters, not matters of the heart. They are attracted to the cute and to the dark, sometimes simultaneously, so it’s common for them to flirt while using childlike language (and perhaps to use childlike language in general). Stereotypically, they have an aversion to "basic” types and to intellectualism; both make them feel inferior. But from the “basic” types-- in other words, people who are well-liked with socially acceptable interests-- they are mostly averse reflexively. They may insult others for being vapid, prudish, and mean (even without cause), but they expect such people to look down on them, and become defensive in preparation for cruelty.

Related interests: They party. They lost their virginity at a young age, have tried every drug, and may cope with their problems through drinking and smoking. They talk a lot about the demons they’ve struggled with (usually mental illness, trauma, or feeling like an outsider), and they blame their bad behavior and these demons. Whether these demons are lesser or greater, they feel unequipped to deal with these problems; their demons haunt them incessantly and, usually with full awareness, run away from their problems through drugs, tobacco, and alcohol. They are also deeply involved with rave culture. Although they get high while they rave, they do not rave in order to cope, but in order to express themself. Being a furry is not the only thing they want to express about themself, though, and they probably have many, many labels they very closely identify with. These labels may include any of the following: leftist, nazi, communist, emo, e-girl/e-boy/e-they, gay, bisexual, pansexual, nonbinary, trans, punk, clinically depressed, clinically anxious, etc. The more controversial the personal attribute they have, the more closely they identify with it, and the more they seek to express it within and outside of furry culture. 

Eastern philosophy - Woke, but not really, this archetype is attracted to obscurity. This trope applies to outsiders of the relevant cultures; they are unlikely to be East Asian in ethnicity or nationality. In casual conversation, they make quick and awkward connections, hopping spontaneously from topic to topic. Somehow your political opinions on big business have lead them to go on about chakras. But that lasts only a moment-- now they’re talking about Nietzsche and Kant, and now they’re connecting it back to chakras. You don’t see the connection. They’re well-read and they very much know it; otherwise, they skim books and talk constantly about the couple pages they’ve read. They’re always looking for something deep and meaningful that can bring them realizations about the world around them, but the packaging of information can make or break wisdom. The more distant from their world this wisdom comes, the more likely they are to trust it-- new superstitions from within their country are deceptive, ignorant, and nonsensical playtoys. However, methods of divination from Africa, China, Japan, India, and Indigenous America pique their interest. They find these methods fascinating, beautiful, and artistic. They are either convinced that foreign superstitions are accurate, or they perceive it aesthetically first and foremost, maintaining a respectable distance, and taking pictures for social media. Ancientness, acclaim, and foreignness may all be factors in whether or not they respect a source or a piece of media. They frequently throw out names in European philosophy, but in Eastern philosophy, they have formed a blind trust, and they live their life assuming truth of the third eye, of chi, of chakras, etc. Whatever their preferences and beliefs were in youth, they have moved on. They’re on a constant hunt for novelty, and the familiar is too comfortable, too convenient, to be true. They probably have good ideals-- love, community, globalism-- but they exhibit some egocentric behaviors. To them, the modern is inauthentic (it is plastic, monetary, commodified), and the ancient or foreign is authentic by virtue of it being obscure. In their constant hunt for authenticity, they speak honestly to a fault. They cannot filter their thoughts, and others will become frustrated or disturbed by some of their harsh criticisms. They may also become socially isolated due to their tangents, their rants, their overconfidence, and their delusions of grandeur. For this reason, they socialize with others of their kind, and those with other shared interests.

Related interests: They are guaranteed to have some typical nerdy or mainstream tastes, despite dwelling on extremely unaccessible media. They’ve experimented with various drugs, but they are not the partying type. They listen to experimental music which to most other people sounds only like sound.

Drag - This stereotype primarily refers to drag queens, who dress up in flamboyant exaggerations of women’s clothing. This archetype is very conscious of their appearance-- their sense of self is deeply connected to their physical traits, and as a result, they discuss and amplify the physical traits they closely identify with. This applies out of drag just as much as it applies in drag. If they are visibly non-white, they may very closely identify with their ethnicity, and engage in (probably harmless) self-stereotyping, or otherwise significantly engage with their heritage (e.g. cooking, dressing, speaking the language/wanting to learn the language and never getting around to it). If they are especially skinny, they will dress to emphasize it, and they will carry themself with the confidence of a skinny person who wants to be skinny. If they are especially overweight, they care deeply about body positivity, or in some cases, will purposefully make themself the butt of the joke, and tell fat jokes about themself all the time. A blond/blonde will take extra care to coif their hair, a curvy person will move to emphasize the shape of their body, etc. Other facets of their personality and background may also become the subject of some verbal self-stereotyping (usually of the purposeful, joking kind)-- they may talk about how southern they are, or how “poor” they are, or how communist they are, etc. They may have a (flexible, ever-changing) list of attributes they ascribe to themself, and go out of their way to express these traits, while holding a complex, passive-aggressive relationship with their undesired traits. If they are a drag queen who generally lives as a man, then he wears distinctly male clothing most of the time, but his look is distinctive-- not necessarily fashionable, and unlikely to be flashy, but most certainly distinctive. In this case, he might wear something which represents a surprising, subversive hint of femininity amidst a masculine look: for example, a pair of earrings, or carefully done eyebrows, or a quiet hint of lipstick, or beneath a men’s shirt, a corset. They may not necessarily be extroverted, but they certainly will be sociable and conscious of the feelings of others. If they are rude and obnoxious, then they may be consciously ignoring the needs of others. They have some slight, superficial social justice tendencies, but in being an ally to other groups, they end up with a foot in their mouth. They are not angry for the sake of any minority group; they are merely an advocate, and they are proud to advocate, and when they do put their foot in their mouth, they expose a hidden chink in their advanced social skills. Sooner or later, they will drastically misunderstand the needs of others, because they are quick to project their experiences and ways of thinking and feelings onto others, and in trying to make others happy, they may be seeking out the happiness of an imagined other self; it’s empathy, if a bit misguided.

Related interests: They love pop music, and have had their fair share of drinking and clubbing. Their tastes swing mainstream and they have had strange, adventurous experiences. They are more likely than most people to be superstitious, because they like it when things are simple, stereotypical, and easy to explain; they believe in predictions of the future, and they latch onto astrological stereotypes of other people.

Live laugh love - They have an addiction to inspirational quotes, and it’s beginning to effect their personal relationships. They post inspirational quotes on Facebook. They decorate kitchens with little signs and chalkboards and potholders, inspirational quotes adorning them each. And yes, above all, they worship those three words: live, laugh, love. They are probably a mother in their 40s or above. If not, they have a great and loving relationship with their mother; they openly share interests and hobbies with their mother, and treat their mother the same as a friend. Either way, they live a privileged life. They are financially safe, and they are guaranteed food, housing, and comfort every day, possibly for their entire life. They may live comfortably in suburbia, or they might be filthy rich. If they work, it is not too intensive, and they have a lot of time for their many hobbies and interests. They’re caring and giving with a lot of patience, and they’re quite extroverted, with a lot of friends they meet regularly. However, while they pretend to be adventurous, they are not adventurous; they are aspirational, while remaining comfortable. Their magnetism to inspirational quotes comes from a comfortability with self-love and self-care, which comes from a privilege to take time for oneself, and the privilege of a healthy upbringing.

Related interests: Pets. They’re a cat-lover or a dog-lover. Caring for another creature is an important hobby for them. They love aesthetics, particularly simple interior design, conventional makeup, and plain yet expensive clothing. They probably have an interest in a specific country or region, and cultural inspiration may or may not be respectful. They may be on social media. If they’re young, they’re on Instagram. If they’re on the older side, they’re all about Facebook.

Some primary interests which fit less cleanly into archetypes, or which I otherwise will not be describing on this list: discovering the culture of parents or ancestors, a specific culture unrelated to oneself, being religious (should be specific to religion and sect), true crime/serial killers

Keep an eye out for a second post about secondary interests, and the difference between primary and secondary interests.

[ipfworld-blog]

The Detailed Guide to Passing a Marijuana Drug Test

Drug testing is one of the common tests that most of the new hires have to go through in the US. As compared to other countries, pre-employment drug testing is highly prevalent in the US. This is an irony as majority of the US states have legalized the use of marijuana.

Nonetheless, that’s how you get a job! There are so many ways to clear a drug test - some actually work, some don’t. From fake pee to detox pills - the Internet is full of products. So, we thought of looking at some of the best-selling products that has helped thousands of employees pass drug tests with flying colors.

Detox Drinks for Drug Test

It's really easy to use detox drinks for successful drug testing, but people are very skeptical about whether they work or not. The truth with detox drinks is they're not detoxifying you at all.

You remove toxins from your body when you detox so you're clean. Detox drinks do not release the body's toxins. You do not wash your body, except to eliminate contaminants in your bladder at the time. A detox drink contains nutrients, minerals, creatine and other things that make your urine look natural. They also contain other ingredients that flushes out the bladder and urinary tract, plus the volume of liquid.

So what you really get is for a couple of hours to block the chemicals in your body. You actually do this because you filtered out the toxins in a urine sample instantly and kept the urine dry. You're not dry, your urine is only briefly free of contaminants, and within a few hours the body's storing toxins will again spill into the bladder.

For moderate users or smokers, drug detox drinks are good. If you're heavily exposed to toxins, they'll only get you a few hours after the metabolites are gone. Usually the best ones give up to 5 hours after taking them a window opportunity. View more details on the best practices.

Detox Pills for Drug Test

Detox pills are substances that are produced from the body to detoxify drugs and toxins. These can consist of substances that interfere with drug test accuracy such as zinc, herbs that have a diuretic effect such as alfalfa, dilution-masking substances such as creatine and b-vitamins, or adulterants and oxidizers.

Some detox pills work by diluting the urine by drinking plenty of water and taking herbs as well. These pills can then supply creatine to replace the lost creatinine concentration and make the pee yellow with b-vitamins again. Drug metabolites are therefore diluted, and creatine and color levels are normal, as are ph and specific gravity, all of which are tested to ensure that a sample has not been manipulated or diluted.

It is also important for you to understand that if you stick with the same pattern of use, no detox product will be a permanent cleaning of toxins. You should be mindful that the claims are made in an attempt to sell these products when attempting to pick cleaning pills and when evaluating the different claims made about the drugs, so you should carefully evaluate the claims.

Best Synthetic Urine

In a laboratory setting, fake pee is engineered by a chemist to mimic human urine's characteristics, chemical properties, and composition. Because it includes all the right elements, at a microscopic level it cannot even be separated from the real thing. In addition to the ingredients, synthetic pee has the same level of pH, gravity, and color as natural samples.

Artificial products are available in several types, including dried powders and mixable substances. In terms of shelf-life, ingredients and cost, the products also vary. You can obtain it in the form of a kit with user directions when you purchase synthetic urine.

Usually, you're going to have to mix the substance and heat the content to have a fluid that you can pass through as a pee, leaving your body at around 95 degrees Fahrenheit. If you're not warming your sample to the right temperature, it can be a clear indication that you're cheating. A good quality synthetic urine will include creatinine, sulphates, urea, uric acid, ammonia, and some additional artificial products that give it a realistic yellow color without the addition of colorants or other chemicals that can be easily diagnosed in a drug test.

Sub-Solution Powdered Urine Kit

In 2003, Clear Choice Sub-Solution was launched, 16 years later this brand continues to thrive as the best in its category. This is a synthetic urine test that is 100% active and engineered to be undetectable and toxin-free.

Clear Choice's Sub Solution, like any artificial urine, is a solution that closely imitates normal and natural urine. Chemically speaking, it is a complex solution of water that includes both organic and inorganic compounds, just like real urine.

In the same proportions and concentration, artificial waste has the same ingredients as urine. Urine drug tests measure the quality of the most essential ingredients urea, uric acid, and creatinine, as well as pH and relative gravity. The inorganic substances synthetic urine is made out of are what gives the synthetic urine the same pH and specific gravity as genuine urine.

You'll find the dehydrated organic urine solution, a heat activator, and a temperature strip tube in the Clear Choice Sub-Solution Pack. While most brands market their fake pee in liquid form, they are sold in powdered form by Clear Choice. This makes preparation easier and keeps your fake pee fresh until the day of the test.

Another important part of the kit is the heat activator. When you pee, your urine is at a temperature of 90 to 100 °F. To make sure your sample is at this level of warmth, Clear Choice has a heat activator included in its kit. The heat activator keeps your urine warm enough until you need to submit it to the lab.

The bottom-line is that detox pills, drinks, fake pee, etc. all work depending on your metabolism and substance usage. Yes, all or most of these products help you clear a drug test, but the best way to successfully clear a drug test is to avoid using it for good.

[alexisykyg772]

5 Lessons About Mind body program You Can Learn From Superheroes

Many people attempt workout to raise physical toughness and cardio health. Targeting both the mind and also body in exercise can efficiently impact an individual's total health, rather than simply bodily wellness. Aside from increasing physical stamina as well as cardiovascular health, mind-body techniques have been pointed out to strengthen physical feedbacks, worry levels, mood, and sleeping, triggering a decrease in stress and also a strengthened body immune system.

Students taking part in an on the web course can take advantage of the excellent options that mind-body exercises give to lessen worry as well as increase health. An online learning may be a new adventure for a lot of Click here to find out more pupils, as well as internet trainees might certainly not possess accessibility to on-campus sources along with similar perks, such as a gym, sporting activities areas, and nightclubs. In seconds when life may come to be hectic or demanding as a result of institution, job, or even loved ones, engaging yourself in at minimum 15-minutes of mind-body workout a time can easily lead you to the road of a well-balanced mind and body.

Having been actually rehearsed in India and Asia for greater than 5,000 years, yoga is currently largely popular around the world and is usually thought about the best prominent thoughts and also body exercise. Yoga makes use of composed and also tranquil motions to make sure that you may focus on your breathing and mindset while targeting certain muscles and also areas of the body system that will definitely boost sychronisation, stamina, posture, as well as versatility. Working with your thoughts as well as muscles through yoga exercise might improve your reflexes and has been actually taken into consideration to improve mood, food digestion, as well as sleep.

A standout variation in between bikram yoga exercise to other yoga strategies is actually that bikram yoga is embeded in a warmed area at 100 levels Fahrenheit or even greater. This kind of doing yoga utilizes that exact same 26 postures as well as two breathing workouts within 90 mins. For body and mind benefits, bikram doing yoga not just strengthens flexibility and also stamina, bikram yoga exercise also has been claimed to detox the body system via too much amounts of perspiration, as well as it additionally may strengthen blood sugar endurance, blood stream fat account, as well as bone tissue quality.

Unlike bikram yoga exercise, iyengar yoga focuses on accuracy to ensure that individuals may learn the yoga design at a continuous pace. Iyengar doing yoga makes use of props, including blankets, waistbands, and also blocks, making one of the principal advantages of the strategy as easily accessible to those at a lesser ability degree, bodily limits, and also the senior. While iyengar yoga exercise are going to aid construct flexibility as well as stamina, this strategy concentrates extra on the thoughts and also spirit.

For those looking for a well balanced doing yoga kind, kripalu yoga exercise is actually a gentle yoga exercise style that addresses all doing yoga locations-- presents, breathing, as well as mind-calming exercise-- as equally important. Poses in kripalu yoga tend to be actually stored a lot longer, and also the moment devoted practicing meditation throughout kripalu yoga is actually likewise much longer matched up to other yoga exercise process. Comparably, kripalu yoga will create your bodily stamina, yet it might be extra spiritual-focused than various yoga exercise kinds.

Yet another spiritual-based yoga exercise style, kundalini, varies coming from the majority of yoga types as it incorporates positions and mind-calming exercise along with the chanting of rules. The significant variation in kundalini doing yoga is actually that, emotionally, individuals will acquire energy at the bottom of the back and also deliver it by means of the top of the head to shake off the 7 chakras. The seven chakras and also their coordinating chakra colors in purchase from base to peak are: