#s. gopal reddy

[bollywoodirect]

33 Years of #Shiva (07/12/1990).

Ramgopal Varma's "Shiva" stands as a significant milestone in Indian cinema, mainly due to its pioneering approach in various aspects of filmmaking. One of the most notable contributions of "Shiva" was its innovative cinematography and sound design, which were quite ahead of their time in the Indian context. The film broke new ground with its realistic and unorthodox visual storytelling, coupled with groundbreaking camera work, setting a new benchmark in the industry. Additionally, "Shiva" was instrumental in introducing fresh talent, both in front of the camera and behind the scenes, aiding in the launch of several notable careers in Indian cinema.

Another key aspect where "Shiva" left its mark was in its portrayal of violence. Unlike the stylized and often exaggerated action scenes common in Indian films of that era, "Shiva" presented violence in a more realistic and gritty manner, influencing the way action sequences were handled in subsequent Indian movies. Alongside its technical prowess, the film was also acclaimed for its strong narrative and well-rounded character development. Moving away from the melodramatic norms of the time, it focused more on creating relatable characters and engaging storylines. This shift not only enriched the film's appeal but also had a lasting impact on the narrative styles of Indian cinema. In essence, "Shiva" is often regarded as a turning point in the Indian film industry, marking the beginning of a new era, especially in the action and crime genres, and has influenced a generation of filmmakers.

Directed by: Ram Gopal Varma Written by: Ram Gopal Varma, Iqbal Durrani (dialogues) Cinematography: S. Gopal Reddy Starring: #Nagarjuna, Amala, J. D. Chakravarthy & Raghuvaran Songs by: Ilaiyaraaja & Majrooh Sultanpuri.

[freelawbydjure]

Dowry Prohibition Laws

Introduction

In India, the dowry system has a long history that dates back centuries. It is a traditional practice in some cultures, including India, where the bride’s family provides gifts, money, or property to the groom or his family at the time of marriage. While hearing the S. Gopal Reddy vs. the State of A.P. case, Justice Dr. AS Anand held that “The curse of dowry has been raising its ugly head every now and then but the evil has been flourishing beyond imaginable proportions. It was to curb this evil, that led the Parliament to enact The Dowry Prohibition Act in 1961.” According to Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, ‘dowry’ means “any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly (a) by one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or (b) by the parent of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person, at or before [or any time after the marriage] [in connection with the marriage of the said parties, but does not include] dower or mahr in the case of persons to whom the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) applies.”

It is given as a form of financial support as mentioned in Section 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act (Dowry to be for the benefit of the wife or her heirs) but can lead to social issues, exploitation, and gender-based violence. Some of the most common dowry crimes against Indian women include cruelty, abetment to suicide, domestic violence, dowry death, female foeticide, no education for girls, and fraud. According to Statista Research report on ‘reported dowry death cases in India from 2005 to 2021’ it has been observed that 6.8 thousand cases in India were reported regarding dowry death in 2021. The anxiously increasing number of dowry death cases has awakened the need for laws to prevent and prohibit them. This article provides a brief discussion of different laws related to Dowry in India and punishment as per the law for those who accept, demand, or give dowry.

Laws related to Dowry in India

There are several laws in India that aim to prohibit and combat the dowry system, which is a social issue prevalent in some parts of the country. Here are some key legislations related to dowry:

The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961

The Act was enacted on May 20, 1961, in order to ‘prohibit the giving or taking of dowry’. It is applicable to the whole world except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. This is the primary legislation that makes the giving or taking or demanding of dowry, directly or indirectly, illegal. The act also penalizes anyone who abets or aids in the giving or taking of dowry. Section 3 of the Act illustrates the penalty for giving or taking dowry, it states “If any person, after the commencement of this Act, gives or takes or abets the giving or taking of dowry, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years and with fine which shall not be less than fifteen thousand rupees, or the amount of the value of such dowry whichever is more…” Not only this, any individual who demands dowry is also punishable under the provisions of this Act. According to Section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, “If any person, demands, directly or indirectly, from the parents or other relatives or guardian of a bride or bridegroom, as the case may be, any dowry, he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to two years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees…” This means that either of the parties demanding dowry is penalized.

Along with this, Section 4A of the Act penalizes the one who offers any property or money as consideration for the marriage of his son, daughter, or any other relative via advertisements. The one who does the same is punished with imprisonment not less than six months but which may extend to five years or a fine extending to 15,000 rupees. Any agreement related to the give or take of dowry is addressed as void as per Section 5 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. In addition to this, Section 7 of the Act defines ‘Cognizance of offences’ where “no Court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence under this Act.” Also, the cognizance of an offence should be taken by the Court only when the report is mentioned by the victim, the parents, or any other relative of the victim. Moreover, the punishments mentioned in Sections 3 and 4 of the Act are made hasher with Section 8 of the Dowry Prohibition Act which makes the offence cognizable and non-bailable. As per Section 8A, “Where any person is prosecuted for taking or abetting the taking of any dowry under Section 3, or the demanding of dowry under Section 4, the burden of proving that he had not committed an offence under those sections shall be on him.”

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[uncutindia]

Telugu Cinema Cinematographer S Gopal Reddy Spotted At Tirumala With Family

[currylangs]

telugu vocab: film

movie:  చిత్రము, సినిమా [chithramu, sinima]  role: పాత్ర [paatra] actress: నటి [nati] actor: నటుడు [natudu] director: దర్శకుడు [darsakudu] direction: దర్శకత్వం [darsakatvam] music: సంగీతం [sangeetham] songs: పాటలు [paatalu] music director: సంగీత దర్శకుడు [sangeetha darshakudu] lyricist: కవి [kavi] singer (male): గాయకుడు [gayakudu] singer (female): గాయకురాలు [gaayakuraalu) composer: స్వరకర్త [svarakarta] dance: నాట్యం [natyam] dancer (female): నర్తకి [nartaki] dancer (male): నర్తకుడు [nartakudu] writer: రచయిత [rachayita] light: వెలుతురు [veluthuru] sound: శబ్దము, ధ్వని [sabdamu, dvani] sound effects: ధ్వని ప్రభావాలు [dvani prabhaavaalu] visual effects: దృశ్యమాన ప్రభావాలు [drusyamaana prabhaavaalu] story: కథ [katha] 

notable people:

directors

l. v. prasad: actor & director in/of some of the first telugu films (i.e.: bhakta prahlada (actor) and pelli chesi choodu (director)

k. v. reddy: director of mayabazaar and patala bhairavi

ram gopal varma: director of kshana kshanam, gaayam, and other bollywood films

s. s. rajamouli: director of  baahubali 1 & 2, eega, magadheera

k viswanath: focused mainly on stories relating to classical dance and music; notable films: swarnakamalam, sagara sangamam

pasupuleti krishna vamsi (known as krishna): also producer and choreographer; notable films include ninne pelladatha and antahpuram

playback singers:

ghantasala: one of the first composers and playback singers in the telugu film industry

s. p. balasubramaniam: also music director, producer and dubbing artist; has recorded over 40,000 songs

p. susheela: recognized by the guinness book of world records for singing the most songs in the most languages

s. janaki: also composer, has recorded ~48,000 songs in 17 languages

  actors

savitri: also director and singer, made 250 movies in 5 languages, considered one of the first superstars of the south indian film industry, also called “mahanati” (great actress); notable films include mayabazaar and devadasu

jamuna: leading actress of 50s and 60s, along with savitri

bhanumathi: also writer, singer, music director, and director; widely known as the first superstar of south indian cinema; notable films include malleswari and tenali ramakrishna

anjali devi: also producer; acted in ~350 films in telugu and tamil; notable films include lava kusa and anarkali

kanchana: acted in all four south indian industries + hindi cinema; notable films include aatma gowravam and daana veera soora karna

manorama: has starred in over 1000 films

brahmanandam: comedic actor, starred in 1000+ films

sunil: comedic actor

akkineni nageswara rao (anr): leading actor of the 40’s and 50’s, founder of annapurna studios; notable films include devadasu (in which he played the titular character) and mayabazaar

nandamuri taraka rama rao (ntr): leading actor of the 40’s and 50’s, later became chief minister of the state of andhra pradesh; notable films include ramudu bheemudu (in which he played both titular characters) and mayabazaar

samarla venkata ranga rao (s.v.r): character artiste; notable films include mayabazaar

suryakantham: character artiste

chiranjeevi: one of the first “mass”/action heroes of telugu cinema; notable films include gharana mogudu and rudraveena

venkatesh: leading actor of the 80′s/90s; notable films include kshana kshanam and swarnakamalam

krishna: also producer and director; credited with several “technological firsts” (i.e.: color flilm, 70mm film) and the introduction of the western/cowboy genre to telugu film

nagarjuna: son of anr, another leading actor of the 90s; notable films include geetanjali and ninne pelladatha

sobhan babu: leading actor of the 70’s; notable films include jeevana jyothi and nartanasaala

mohan babu: leading actor of the 70’s/80’s; notable films include pedarayudu and kondaveeti donga

rao gopal rao: actor in khaidi and challenge; later joined the rajya sabha of andhra pradesh

sridevi: considered the first female superstar of indian cinema; notable telugu films include kshana kshanam and jagadeka veerudu atiloka sundari

tabu: actress; now mostly active in bollywood films; notable telugu films include ninne pelladatha

jayasudha: a leading actress of the 80’s/90’s; notable films include adavi ramudu and thoti kodallu; now plays supporting roles

jayaprada: a leading actress of the 80’s/90’s; notable films include sagara sangamam and adavi ramudu

bhanupriya: leading actress of the 80s, also trained in classical dance; notable films include sitaara and swarnakamalam

silk smitha: actress; became a sex symbol due to the promiscuity of most of the roles/movies she took on

[sitesunsky]

Golmaal again movie

Wait no more and watch Golmaal Again online as the movie is now streaming on Disney+Hotstar. They try everything but fail to do so, and when Khushi’s spirit tries to kill Nikhil, he confesses his sins which makes him land up in jail, and that also gives salvation to Khushi’s spirit. They all join hands to seek revenge from Nikhil and Vasu Reddy, trying to record a confession so that they can turn them in. Years later, all the five return to the orphanage so that they can save the orphanage from being sold to a young businessman Nikhil (Neil Nitin Mukesh) and his partner Vasu Reddy (Prakash Raj).Īs soon as they are back, the five begin to see Khushi, who says that her name is Damini, but Anna (Tabbu) tells them that it is Khushi and she is dead and that it is her spirit that they can see who is still here to seek revenge from Nikhil for the betrayal he did to her and killed her. She becomes their lifeline, but the spat between Laxman, Gopal, Madhav, Lucky and Laxman 2 makes them leave the orphanage while Khushi gets adopted by Colonel Chauhan and his wife. Golmaal Again is about the five orphan kids who one day find an infant at the gate of their orphanage, take her in and name her Khushi (Parineeti Chopra).

The audiences and the fans of Golmaal will now be anxious for the movie Golmaal Again to release soon and make huge success than its previous franchise.Golmaal Again is a 2017 Hindi movie that is about 5 orphans Madhav (Arshad Warsi), Gopal (Ajay Devgn), Laxman (Shreyas Talpade), Laxman 2 (Kunal Khemu) and Lucky (Tusshar Kapoor) who live in an orphanage in Ooty that is managed by Jamnadas (Uday Tikekar). This time, Golmaal franchise is in co- production of Reliance Entertainment and Rohit Shetty himself. Neil Nitin Mukesh will be a surprise package in this comedy flick where he is trying on hands to touch funny bones of the audience. Though Tabu had earlier worked in comedy films of Bollywood, but Golmaal Again fans will be curious to see the serious and non-commercial actress, Tabu to do some rib tickling. In spite of Ajay Devgun and Priyanka Chopra’s sour relationship, little sis of the later, actress Parineeti Chopra is rope in the team Golmaal on Ajay’s recommendation. Unlike, its prequels, this time the cast of Golmaal Again has skipped Kareena Kapoor and Sharman Joshil. However, the final date of its release has not been officially declared. The gang encounters with some spiritual bodies and finds out the truth about the Jamnadas Orphanage where they were brought up. Golmaal Again Cast & Releasing Dateīe ready to welcome the Bollywood’s comedy flick, Golmaal Again this Diwali season, as the movie will hit the theatres across India during the festival’s weekend. With Ajay Devgn, Arshad Warsi, Tabu, Shreyas Talpade. The director of the upcoming comedy film, Rohit Shetty has packaged a full on comedy, with a few new and old cast of the crazy Golmaal team.

This is the fourth Golmaal movie in series that features Ajay Devgun and Parineeti Chopra in lead roles. The team Golmaal is all set to create another record breaking collection at the box office with its yet another franchise, Golmaal Again. All its sequels were blockbusters and were loved by the audiences across India. The success of the series owes to the fantastic cast and the director of the movie. Golmaal Again, the 4th edition of the Indian comedy film Golmaal is coming to the screens this year.

[todaynewsguru]

Revanth Reddy in eye of the storm as a raging revolt convulses Telangana Cong

Revanth Reddy in eye of the storm as a raging revolt convulses Telangana Cong

Congress MP A Revanth Reddy’s role as the Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee (TPCC) president has come under intense scrutiny with a revolt breaking out against his leadership in the state Congress. Barely three days after the resignation of Munugode MLA Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy from the Congress, the All India Congress Committee (AICC)’s spokesperson Dr Dasoju Sravan announced his decision…

[doctorofbiology]

Top Pharma Companies List In India

Pharma is the most important part of the healthcare sector. in this list top most pharma company, founded, founder and Headquarter Top Pharma Companies List In India No. Company Founded Founder Headquarter Work Area 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 1961 Gurbax Singh, Ranbir Singh, Mohan Singh Gurugram Worldwide 2 Cipla Ltd 1935 Khwaja Abdul Hamied Mumbai Worldwide 3 Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd 1984 Kallam Anji Reddy Hyderabad Worldwide 4 GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1924 Sridhar Venkatesh(VP) Maharashtra Worldwide 5 Nicholas Piramal India Ltd 1984 Ajay Piramal ( Owner) Mumbai Worldwide 6 Lupin Ltd 1968 Desh Bandhu Gupta Mumbai Worldwide 7 Cadila Healthcare Ltd 1952 Ramanbhai Patel Gujarat Worldwide 8 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd 1986 P.V. Ramprasad Reddy, K. Nityananda Reddy Hyderabad Worldwide 9 Sun Pharmaceutical Inds 1983 Dilip Shanghvi Mumbai Worldwide 10 Wockhardt Ltd 1960 Habil Khorakiwala Mumbai Worldwide 11 Aventis Pharma Ltd 1956 Sanofi (Parent) Mumbai Worldwide 12 Ipca Laboratories Ltd 1949 K.B. Mehta, Dr. N.S. Tibrawala Mumbai Worldwide 13 Pfizer Ltd 1966 (Ind) Charles Pfizer, Charles F. Erhart Mumbai Worldwide 14 Biocon Ltd 1978 Kiran Mazumdar Shaw Bengaluru Worldwide 15 Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1992 Kailasam Raghavendra Rao Chennai Worldwide 16 Matrix Laboratories Ltd 1984 Herren Drugs & Pharma Ltd Chennai Worldwide 17 Alembic Ltd 1907 Chirayu Amin( Chairman) Gujarat Worldwde 18 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1959 U.N. Mehta Ahmedabad Worldwide 19 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1977 Gracias Saldanha Mumbai Worldwide 20 U S V Ltd 1961 Leena Tewari ( Chairperson) Mumbai Worldwide 21 Novartis India Ltd 1996 (Merger) Johann Rudolf Alexander Clavel Mumbai Worldwide 22 Abbott India Ltd 1910 Dr. Wallace Calvin Abbott Mumbai Worldwide 23 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1985 Hasmukh Chudgar Ahmedabad Worldwide 24 Unichem Laboratories Ltd 1944 Amrut V Mody Mumbai Worldwide 25 Merck Ltd 1967 Mlind Thatte (2018) Mumbai Worldwide 26 J B Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1976 J.B. Mody Mumbai Worldwide 27 Divi'S Laboratories Ltd 1990 Murali Divi Hyderabad Worldwide 28 F D C Ltd 1936 Anand Chandavarkar Mumbai Worldwide 29 Panacea Biotec Ltd 1984 Rajesh Jain (MD) New Delhi Worldwide 30 Shasun Chemicals & Drugs Ltd 1976 Mr. Govindarajan (CEO) Chennai Worldwide 31 Strides Arcolab Ltd 1990 Arun Kumar Bengaluru Worldwide 32 Elder Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1989 Jagdish Saxena Mumbai Worldwide 33 Aarti Drugs Ltd 1984 Prakash Moreshwar Patil Maharashtra Worldwide 34 Ind-Swift Ltd 1983 Dr. Gopal Munjal Chandigarh Worldwide 35 Dabur Pharma Ltd 1884 S. K. Burman Ghaziabad Worldwide 36 Nectar Lifesciences Ltd 1995 Mr. Sanjiv Goyal Chandigarh Worldwide 37 Astrazeneca Pharma India Ltd 1979 Narayan K Seshadri (Chaiman) Bengaluru Worldwide 38 Paras Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1984 Girish Patel Ahmedabad Worldwide 39 Surya Pharmaceutical Ltd 1992 Rajiv Goyal New Delhi Worldwide 40 Ajanta Pharma Ltd 1973 Yogesh Agrawal (MD) Maharashtra Worldwide 41 Indoco Remedies Ltd 1946 Govind Ramnath Kare Mumbai Worldwide 42 Natco Pharma Ltd 1981 VC Nannapaneni Hyderabad Worldwide 43 Organon (India) Ltd 1967 Bishu Chakraborty (MD) Kolkata Worldwide 44 Dishman Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals Ltd 1983 Janmejay R. Vyas Ahmedabad Worldwide 45 Neuland Laboratories Ltd 1984 Dr. Davuluri Rama Mohan Rao Hyderabad Worldwide 46 Granules India Ltd 1984 Krishna Prasad Chigurupati Hyderabad Worldwide 47 T T K Healthcare Ltd 1958 T. T. Krishnamaohari Chennai Worldwide 48 Ambalal Sarabhai Enterprises Ltd 1880 Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Vadodara Worldwide 49 Jagsonpal Pharmaceuticals Ltd 1964 Jagmohan S. Kochhar New Delhi Worldwide 50 Markson's Pharma Ltd 1992 Mark B. Saldanha Goa Worldwide Top Pharma Companies List In The World Read the full article

[techcrunchappcom]

New Post has been published on https://techcrunchapp.com/uga-program-to-help-improve-food-safety-in-senegal-national-news/

UGA program to help improve food safety in Senegal | National News

ATHENS — The University of Georgia has received a $700,000 grant from the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety to help improve food safety in Senegal’s rapidly growing dairy industry.

The project is part of a larger $2.9 million parent grant from the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety, based at Cornell and Purdue universities and funded by USAID as part of Feed the Future, the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative.

Led by Manpreet Singh, professor in the UGA Department of Poultry Science and interim head of the Department of Food Science and Technology, the project will raise awareness of food safety issues, create training programs for dairy operators and coordinate comprehensive food safety regulations in the country.

While Senegal relies on importing dairy products to meet the country’s needs, there is significant potential to enhance economic development in rural areas by organizing small dairy producers — who are predominantly women — and providing research and training to support and strengthen food safety in the value chain and to overcome barriers to the adoption of food safety practices, Singh said.

“Prioritizing food safety in Senegal will enhance public health and empower youth and women via capacity-building efforts,” Singh said. “This collaborative project will enhance existing dairy processing technologies and their adoption for safety and improving market access, strengthen the capacity of food safety research related to the dairy value chain, and build strong public/private partnerships in enhancing food safety and reducing foodborne illnesses. It also will empower women and increase youth participation in processing and safety of the dairy value chain, and ultimately increase access to safe dairy products.”

Co-principal investigators on the project include UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences poultry science Professor Harshavardhan Thippareddi, Coordinator of International Programs Victoria Collins McMaken and Post-doctoral Research Associate Jessica Marter-Kenyon; Gopal Reddy and Woubit Abebe at Tuskegee University in Alabama; Cheikh Ndaye of the Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA) as the lead co-principal investigator in Senegal; Younoussa Diallo at ITA; and Mamadou Bocar Thiamat at the Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research. Momar Thiam is the Senegalese government representative on the team with the Unit for the Fight Against Malnutrition.

“Like any food, dairy products are only nutritious if they are safe,” Haley Oliver, Food Safety Innovation Lab (FSIL) director and professor of food science at Purdue University, said. “We see a timely opportunity to support Senegal’s dairy sector in the early stages of its economic growth, so these grassroots efforts in food safety can develop into long-term, sustained food safety practices and policies in this important, nutrient-dense food.”

For more information on the UGA Department of Food Science and Technology, visit foodscience.caes.uga.edu.

Feed the Future is the U.S. government’s global hunger and food security initiative. With a focus on smallholder farmers, particularly women, Feed the Future supports partner countries in developing their agriculture sectors to spur economic growth and trade that increase incomes and reduce hunger, poverty and undernutrition. For more information, visit www.feedthefuture.gov.

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[wionews]

IPL auction: Complete players' list and their base price

The IPL 2018 auction will take place in Bengaluru on January 27 and 28 where a total of 578 players will go under the hammer.

A fierce bidding war is expected as Indian stars Gautam Gambhir, off-spinners Ravichandran Ashwin and Harbhajan Singh, Ajinkya Rahane, mystery spinner Kuldeep Yadav and openers KL Rahul and Murali Vijay will be on the franchises’ radar.

The list also includes the overseas players, including Glenn Maxwell, Chris Gayle, Shane Watson, Rashid Khan and Eoin Morgan. 

In the 10th season, Mumbai Indians led by Rohit Sharma defeated Pune to lift the IPL trophy for the third time.

The 11th season of the much-awaited Indian Premier League will begin on 6th April 2018.  

The opening ceremony of the tournament will take place on April 6 in Mumbai while the first match of the new season will be played at the same venue on April 7.

He further informed that the tournament will continue until May 27 with Mumbai once again hosting the final match.

Here is the complete list of players and their base price.

Base Price ₹2,00,00,000

Batsman KL Rahul, Murali Vijay, Brendon McCullum, Eoin Morgan, Cameron White, Chris Lynn, Colin Ingram

Bowler  Josh Hazlewood, Rashid Khan Arman, Karn Sharma, Yuzvendra Singh Chahal, Mitchell Johnson, Liam Plunkett, Pat Cummins

Wicket Keeper Quinton De Kock, Dinesh Karthik, Robin Uthappa

All-Rounder James Faulkner, Marcus Stoinis, Chris Woakes, Angelo Mathews, David Willey, Corey Anderson, Kedar Jadhav

==========

Base Price ₹1,50,00,000

Batsman Aaron Finch, Jason Roy, Hashim Amla, Evin Lewis, Travis Head, Shaun Marsh, Michael Klinger, Lendl Simmons, David Miller

Bowler  Kagiso Rabada, Trent Boult, Kyle Abbott, Kuldeep Singh Yadav, Nathan Coulter-Nile, Amit Mishra, Mohit Sharma, Nathan Lyon, Steven Finn, Harry Gurney, Mark Wood, Jaydev Unadkat

Wicket Keeper Jonny Bairstow, Jos Buttler, Peter Handscomb

All-Rounder Moises Henriques, Ravi Bopara, Jason Holder, Moeen Ali, M.S. Washington Sundar

==========

Base Price ₹1,00,00,000

Batsman Manish Pandey, Dwayne Smith, Alex Hales

Bowler  Tymal Mills, Andrew Tye, Mohammed Siraj, Adam Zampa, Mohammad Shami, Dale Steyn, Mustafizur Rahman, Samuel Badree, Imran Tahir, Tim Southee, Jason Behrendorff, Mitchell McClenaghan, Lasith Malinga, Ranganath Vinay Kumar, Umesh Yadav, Piyush Chawla

Wicket Keeper Parthiv Patel, Wriddhiman Saha, Sanju Samson, Sam Billings   

All-Rounder Daniel Christian, Carlos Brathwaite, Ben Cutting, Jean-Paul Duminy, Shane Watson, Chris Jordan, Tom Curran

==========

Base Price ₹75,00,000

Batsman Martin Guptill, Darren Bravo, Cheteshwar Pujara, Ross Taylor, Usman Khawaja   

Bowler  Peter Siddle, Jerome Taylor, Lockie Ferguson, Morne Morkel, Ishant Sharma, Shardul Narendra Thakur, Adam Milne, Marchant De Lange   

Wicket Keeper Naman Ojha, Johnson Charles, Luke Ronchi    

All-Rounder Darren Sammy, Colin De Grandhomme, Yusuf Pathan, Adil Rashid, Joe Denly, Samit Patel, Wayne Parnell

==========

Base Price ₹50,00,000

Batsman Reeza Hendricks, Mandeep Hardev Singh, Anton Devcich, Upul Tharanga, Karun Nair, Billy Stanlake, Joe Burns, Manoj Tiwary, Saurabh Tiwary, Tamim Khan, Aiden Markram, Faiz Fazal, Abhinav Mukund, Venugopal Rao, Dean Elgar, Najibullah Zadran   

Bowler  Ben Laughlin, Ronsford Beaton, Dhawal Kulkarni, Sandeep Sharma, Gulbadin Naib, Ish Sodhi, Duanne Olivier, Michael Beer, Sachithra Senanayaka, Dawlat Zadran, Aaron Phangiso, Beuran Hendricks, Lakshan Sandakan, Aravind Sreenath, Barinder Singh Sran, Sean Abbott, Ben Wheeler, Kesrick Williams, Lungisani Ngidi, Ashoke Dinda, Praveen Kumar, Mujeeb Zadran, Pragyan Ojha, Jhye Richardson, Rahul Sharma, Joel Paris, Varun Aaron, Parvinder Awana, Munaf Patel, Scott Boland, Dushmantha Chameera, Shannon Gabriel, Akila Dhananjaya, Keshav Maharaj, Dane Paterson, Ben Hilfenhaus, Seth Rance, Fawad Ahmed, Tabrez Shamsi, Neil Wagner, Shapoor Zadran, Abhimanyu Mithun, Sheldon Cottrell, Matt Henry, Nuwan Kulasekara, Suranga Lakmal, Manpreet Gony, Pankaj Singh, Sudeep Tyagi   

Wicket Keeper Glenn Phillips, Denesh Ramdin, Niroshan Dickwella, Kusal Janith Perera, Nicolas Pooran, Alex Carey, Chadwick Walton, Tom Latham, M Shahzad Mohammadi, Shafiqullah Shafaq, Ambati Rayudu   

All-Rounder Gurkeerat Singh Mann, John Hastings, Sikandar Butt, Graeme Cremer, Rishi Dhawan, Solomon Mire, Ryan McLaren, Parveez Rasool, Shabbir Rahaman, Vernon Philander, Abul Raju, Paul Stirling, Malcolm Waller, Dilshan Munaweera, Thisara Perera, Pawan Negi, Seekkuge Prasanna, Ashton Agar, Mohammad Nabi, Rahmat Shah Zarmatai, Dwaine Pretorius, David Wiese, Asela Gunarathna, Dhananjaya Silva, Andile Phehlukwayo, Jonathan Carter, Rovman Powell, Mitchell Santner, Jayant Yadav, Irfan Pathan, Marlon Samuels, Andre Fletcher, Stuart Binny, Hilton Cartwright, Dasun Shanka, Dawid Malan, Farhaan Behardien, Jon-Jon Trevor Smuts, Ashley Nurse, Scott Kuggeleijn, Robbie Frylinck, Wiaan Mulder, Colin Munro, Vaughn Van Jaarsveld, Rayad Emrit, Mohammad Mahmudullah, Isuru Udana

==========

Base Price ₹40,00,000

Batsman Tom Cooper

Bowler  Thomas Helm, Mitchell Swepson, Shahbaz Nadeem, T Natarajan   

Wicket Keeper Ishan Kishan

All-Rounder Rajat Bhatia, Kevon Cooper, Vijay Shankar, Krunal Pandya, Deepak Hooda, Michael Neser, Jofra Archer

==========

Base Price ₹30,00,000

Batsman Suryakumar Yadav, Christiaan Jonker, Vishnu Solanki, Alex Ross, Daniel Hughes   

Bowler  Iqbal Abdullah, Siddarth Kaul, Anureet Singh, Pradeep Sangwan, Basil Thampi, Gurvinder Singh, Aniket Choudhary, Ankit Singh Rajpoot    

Wicket Keeper Ben McDermott  

All-Rounder Cameron Delport, Javon Searless, Roshon Primus   

==========

Base Price ₹20,00,000

Batsman Manprit Juneja, Mayank Siddana, Armaan Jaffer, Shivam Chauhan, Sachin Baby, Prithvi Shaw, Ankeet Bawane, Siddhesh Dinesh Lad, Apoorv Vijay Wankhade, Virat Singh, Marcus Harris, Ricky Bhui, Rassie Van der Dussen, Rajesh Bishnoi Sr, Paras Dogra, D.B Ravi Teja, Paul Valthaty, Amandeep Khare, Rinku Singh, Tanmay Agarwal, Ankit Lamba, Sarthak Ranjan, Priyank Panchal, Pratham Singh, Ishank Jaggi, Manjot Kalra, Anmolpreet Singh, Ruturaj Gaikwad, Sharad Lumba, Shubham Singh Rohilla, Himanshu Rana, Akshath Reddy, R Samarth, Mohammed Asaduddin, Abhinav Manohar, Rohan Marwaha, Rajat Patidar, Yash Sehrawat, Ravi Chauhan, Samit Gohil, Ramandeep Singh, Abhijeet Tomar, Jiwanjot Singh Chauhan, Abhimanyu Easwaran, Chirag Gandhi, Shubman Gill, Rahul Tripathi, Manan Vohra, Mayank Agarwal, Unmukt Chand       Bowler  Syed Khaleel Ahmed, Nidheesh M D Dinesan, Junior Dala, Karan Thakur, Anurag Verma, Lizaad Williams, Tanveer Ulhaq, Kushang Patel, Shelly Shaurya, A. Aswin Crist, Aaron Summers, Royston Dias, Kartik Tyagi, Tejas Singh Baroka, Abu Nechim Ahmed, Rahul Shukla, Bhargav Bhatt, Shadab Jakati, Sarabjit Ladda, Pravin Tambe, Ben Dwarshuis, Ajit Chahal, Deepak Chaudhary, Pradeep Dadhe, Domnic Joseph Muthuswamy, Babasafi Pathan, Monu Singh, Pradeep Thippeswamy, Kuldip Yadav, Krishnappa Gowtham, K.C. Cariappa, Mihir Hirwani, Akshay Wakhare, Manjeetkumar Chaudhary, Kulwant Khejroliya, Lukman Iqbal Meriwala, Navdeep Saini, Vikas Tokas, Yuvraj Chudasama, Rahul Chahar, Ronit More, Veer Pratap Singh, Varun Khanna, Pawan Suyal, Sandeep Warrier, J Suchith, Ashish Hooda, R. Sai Kishore, Rahil S Shah, Harmeet Singh, Ishwar Chaudhary, Parikshit Valsangkar, Avesh Khan, Amit Mishra, Cheepurupalli Stephen, Rajwinder Singh, Shubek Gill, Vinay Choudhary, Mayank Markande, Zahir Khan Pakteen, Ankit Soni, Lalit Yadav, Pardeep Sahu, Chama Milind, Umar Nazir Mir, Yarra Raj, Oshane Thomas, Athisayaraj V, Zeeshan Ansari, Siddharth Desai, Jiyas K, Alexandar Rama Doss, Nathu Singh, M. Ashwin, Shivil Kaushik, Baltej Dhanda, Armaan Jain, Mohsin Khan, Mukesh Kumar Singh, Arshdeep Singh, Rishi Arothe, Asif K M, Ravi Kiran Majeti, Ishan Porel, Aditya Thakare, Sandeep Lamichhane, Subodh Bhati, Mohan Prasath, Abhishek Sakuja, Javed Khan, Ashok Sandhu, Tushar Deshpande, Sayan Ghosh, Jaskaran Singh, Prasidh Krishna, Rajneesh Gurbani  

Wicket Keeper

Ankush Bains, C.M. Gautam, Aditya Tare, N Jagadeesan, Nikhil Shankar Naik, Smit Patel, K.B Arun Karthik, Kona Srikar Bharat, Shreevats Goswami, Mahesh Rawat, Gitansh Khera, Jitesh Sharma, Vishnu Vinod, Sheldon Jackson, Kedar Devdhar, Prashant Chopra, Anuj Rawat, Harvik Desai, Anmol Malhotra, Dhruv Raval, Rohith Ravikumar, Mohammad Nazim Siddiqui, Mayank Sidhu, Sandeep Kumar Tomar, Sadiq Hassan Kirmani, Jaskaranvir Singh Sohi, Abhishek Gupta, Hamza Tariq, Rahul Yadav, Kyle Mayers    

All-Rounder

Vyshak Vijay Kumar, Jaydev Shah, Shashank Singh, Manzoor Dar, Aman Khan, Diwesh Pathania, Shamss Mulani, Salman Nizar, Dafedar, Khizar Anwar, Mandeep Singh, Shubham Ranjane, Sidhant Dobal, Vinod Kumar C.V., Thomas Kaber, Midhun S, Akhil Arvind Herwadkar, Shamar Springer, Ashok Menaria, Jack Wildermuth, Odean Smith, Yogesh Nagar, Milind Kumar, Shubham Agrawal, Akshdeep Nath, Yomahesh Kumar, Vivek Singh, Mohammed Bilal, Arun Chaprana, Rajat Paliwal, Abhimanyu Rana, Sarang Rawat, Fabid, Farook Ahmed, Arjun Sharma, Shreyas Gopal, Akash Sudan, Sandeep Bavanaka, Karan Kaila, Aryaman Vikram Birla, Gaurav Gambir, Ankit Kaushik, Patrick Kruger, Sohraab Dhaliwal, Aditya Sarvate, Amish Sidhu, Shadley Van Schalkwyk, Vignesh Moorthy, Arjun Nair, Kanishk Seth, Shivam Dubey, Hanuma Vihari, Puneet Datey, Ninad Rathva, Siddhant Sharma, Mrinank Singh, Manan Sharma, Chintan Gaja, Amit Mishra, Jalaj Saxena, Bipul Sharma, Shreekant Wagh, Syed, Mehdi Hasan, Harshal Patel, Sumit Ruikar, Ashish Reddy, Kuldeep Hooda, Shaurya Sanandia, Vaibhav Rawal, Pankaj Jaswal, Anustup Majumdar, Dhruv Shorey, Kshitiz Sharma, Swapnil Singh, Himmat Singh, Writtick Chatterjee, Chris Green, Ryan Ninan, Rohan Prem, Rahul Tewatia, Puneed Datey, R. Sanjay Yadav, Imtiaz Ahmed, Atit Sheth, Dinesh Salunkhe, Pavan Deshpande, Shivam Sharma, Chaitanya Bishnoi, Indrajith Baba, Jatin Saxena, Shivam Mavi, Sagar Trivedi, Amit Verma, Akash Parkar, Nitish Rana, Anukul Roy, Akash Bhandari, Pratyush Singh, Ankit Sharma, Anirudha Ashok Joshi, Saurabh Kumar, Praveen Dubey, Kunal Chandela, Aamir Gani, Pulkit Narang, Riyan Parag, Karanveer Singh, Sumeet Verma, Cameron Gannon, Akshay Karnewar, Tajinder Dhillon, Govinda Poddar, Rajesh Sharma, Deepak Chahar, Antony Dhas, Kishore Pramod Kamath, Nikhil Gangta, Jay Gokul Bista, Sumanth Bodapati, Mahipal Lomror, Deepak Punia, Mayank Dagar, Kamlesh Nagarkoti, Darcy Short, Baba Aparajith, Abhishek Sharma, Milind Tandon.

  ]]>

[loyallogic]

Opinion of Third Person under the Indian Evidence Act

This article has been written by Naman Sherstra, a student of Department of Law, University of Calcutta.

  Chapter II of the Indian Evidence Act talks about the relevancy of opinion of the third person. It is also termed as an expert’s opinion which is broadly provided under Section 45- 51 of the act. The provisions under this section are exceptional to natural rule of law of evidence where the evidence is only that fact which is given by the witness on the basis of his knowledge and belief. This exception states that the court cannot draw its opinion on the technical matters as well as complicated matters which require the special knowledge of the person having acquired expertise on the relative field. The conditions for the demand of the expertise include the situation where the case cannot be solved without the help of the expert. The witness who is expressing its opinion is an expert of the particular field.

Expert explanation

Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act provides information about the definition of expert. An expert is said to be a person having knowledge or expertise in any of the field like foreign law, science, art, identity of handwriting or finger expression and where such knowledge has been gathered by him by practice, observation, studies. For example- Medical Practitioner, technical experts, chemical and explosive experts, ballistic expert and fingerprint expert. The evidence of points is admissible when he takes the court into complete belief. The opinion of the expert has to be given orally only, certificate as well as report is not accepted as evidence. However, the definition of expert under section 45 is not only extended to the five fields as mentioned in the section. There are also other certain fields where the courts may seek the opinion of the expert.

Duty of the expert

The primary obligation of the expert witness is to assist the court on the cases which fall under the ambit of their expertise. They are not bound to compel the parties to pay their fees who have appointed them. There is a common perception that the clients who appoint the expertise make their expert lean towards themselves hence making their cases favourable. The compromise with the independence of the expert may turn down the appointment.

Expert opinion Value

There are two aspects of the expert evidence. Data evidence and Opinion evidence, generally data evidence, are accepted until they vary the oral evidence. The second one opinion evidence is drawn from the data and it would not get precedence over the direct eyewitness testimony unless the inconsistency between the two is so great as to falsify the oral evidence. In S. Gopal Reddy vs State of Andhra Pradesh the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the evidence given without any independent corroboration is rather difficult to accept.

Expert evidence is opinion evidence and it cannot replace the substantive evidence. It is the rule of the procedure that the expert witness must be corroborated either by direct evidence or by circumstantial evidence. It is always safe to rely upon such evidence with an independent and reliable corroboration.

Evidence of expert witness v evidence of ordinary witness

The expert witness only provides opinion regarding the handwriting, fingerprinting, nature of injury technical inquiry whereas an ordinary witness states the fact relating to the incident happened. The nature of the expert witness is advisory whereas the witness states the facts to the court. The opinion of the witness is not admissible in the court. The accountability of ordinary witnesses is always considered more over the expertise witness.

Handwriting expert opinion

When the court is of opinion to take the handwriting of any person, or the opinion of any person having expertise of handwriting admissible as evidence the person himself shall have to give the opinion that if the handwriting has been written by him or not.

The handwriting of a person may be proved in the below given ways:

Evidence provided by the writer himself.

Evidence provided by a person who has seen the person, whose handwriting is in question in writing.

A person who has received any document which is written by the person whose handwriting is in question or under the authority of such person addressed to that person.

A person who is expert in comparing handwriting.

A person who is acquainted with the signatures and writing of that person.

A certifying authority who has issued the signature when the court has formed an opinion to the digital signature of the person as mentioned under section 47-A of the Act.

When the Court compares the documents in question with the other documents which are proved genuine in the court as mentioned in section 73.

In the case of doubtfulness the court may ask the person to write something in the face of court to compare it with the document.

Opinion for electronic evidence

When in a proceeding the court has to form an opinion on any matter relating to any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any electronic resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the person taken in such cases is known as examiner of electronic evidence. The examiner of electronic evidence is known as the expert in such cases. For this section, electronic evidence includes any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the examiner of the electronic evidence referred to in section 79A of the Information and Technology Act, 2000(21 of 2000), is a relevant fact.

Opinion for foreign law

When it is necessary to form an opinion as to the law of the country, statements of such law published in a book published under the authority of the Government of that country and the reports of the cases decided by the courts of that country and contained in the books purporting to be reports of such rulings, are relevant, that is may be referred to by the court. A statement contained in an unauthorized translation of the Code Napoleon as to what the French law is on a particular matter. The opinion of such experts can be taken under Section 4 of the Act. However, the other reports of the ruling of the court can also be taken as relevant which are given in such books of foreign law.

Foreign law in India is always considered as the question of fact. There have been the cases where the court has interpreted personal laws as Indian Laws and thus are the laws of the land. Therefore, the court does not require a person to interpret the laws as the courts can do tasks on their own.

            Click Above

Opinion for fingerprint

The evidence given by a fingerprint expert need not necessarily be corroborated; but the courts must satisfy itself as to the value of the other evidence. Generally, a finger impression expert’s opinion is given more weightage because it remains the same from his birth to his death and no other fingerprint can match with the one. Where the Court has to determine the credibility of the fingerprint expert the court can review his past credential records as well as work records. In case of being found suspicious the court can deny to entertain such evidence. 

The evidence of the fingerprint expert is not substantive evidence. It can only be used to corroborate some items of substantive evidence, which are otherwise on record. Fingerprint studies have been given a higher importance these days but the court has been reluctant to accept that as a piece of evidence. A person who is a fingerprint expert is said to match two fingerprints thereafter the opinion of such expert is relevant and admissible in court.

Opinion for Science and art

The aforementioned words include all subjects on a course where special study and experience is needed to make an opinion. The word science is very broad in practical use and they are not only limited to the higher sciences similarly the term art is also not limited to the fine arts but also it extends to the person having skills of handicraft, trade, profession and skill in work which, with the advance of culture has been carried beyond the sphere of common pursuits of life into that of artistic and scientific action.

To construe that if any expertise comes under the ambit of ‘art’ and ‘science’ the following tests can be applied.

The subject matter of injury such that inexperienced people are not capable of forming a correct judgement without the assistance of the experts.

The character of the science or art is such that it requires a course or a study to obtain a competent knowledge or skill in the field.

The study of certain customs and manners of tribes and castes, of the areas occupied by them and of other connected matter comes under the ambit of the science or art under this section. The tests which may be applied in determining whether a particular question is one of the scientific nature and consequently whether skilled witnesses may pass their opinion upon it are: Is the subject matter of enquiry such that inexperienced men are unlikely to prove capable of forming a correct judgement upon it without the assistance of the experts; that is does it so far partake of the character of a science or art as to require a course of previous habit or study in order to obtain a competent knowledge of its nature, Books dealing with customs and manners of different castes and tribes are admissible in evidence to prove them.

Every science has its own technical terms, which are so much Greek or Hebrew to the average juryman. What would the normal person can answer to the question whether a certain dose of a prescription containing choral would have been dangerous.

Opinion of medical expert

In the medical cases the opinion of the medical expert is required. In criminal matters the victim as well as the accused is examined. When the court requires the opinion of a medical expert in the cases which involve medical technicalities it asks the medical expert to express its opinion on the cases. The medical opinion may involve the physical condition of the person, his age, cause of death of the person, nature and effect of disease, time of death, nature of instrument used for causing death, symptoms and time of death, future consequences of the death. In the case of rape the medical evidence possess a great importance as if the opposite counsel thinks that the rape was consensual the skin cells and scratches on the body may prove an important aspect in the decision of the case. But there is a problem with these experts is that they are always called by a party who are having the evidence in their favour. That is why the court has to rely upon the opinion of the expert though they have to consider being impartial while expressing their opinion.

The Evidentiary value of medical cases is only corroborative and not conclusive and hence in the case of conflict between oral evidence and medical evidence the former is to be preferred unless the medical evidence completely rules out the oral evidence.

Opinion of ballistic expert

Ballistic experts, also known as firearms experts are people who are experts in the study of projectiles and firearms. The Ballistic expert may trace the bullet or cartridge to a particular weapon from which it was fired. The opinion of the ballistic expert is only taken into consideration when he furnishes the report before the court. 

Conclusion

The expert witness is totally different from the ordinary witness. The expert’s opinion can never be questioned in the courtroom. In the case of question over the ability and knowledge of the expert the opinion or report is brought into question. The expert opinion is judged from a different view as he is unaware about the facts of the case and the court is unaware about the field of expertise the case is related to.

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[batstudy]

GK questions for SSC Exams Set -1

GK questions for SSC set-1

Here are questions of GK questions for SSC exams and other competitive exams like SSC CGL, RRB JE, RRB NTPC, UPSC. Soon we will be updating the website with more GK questions for SSC exams. 1.Poverty line is expressed in terms of overall A. per capita income B. per capita consumption expenditure C. per capita entertainment expenditure D. per capita development expenditure 2.The abbreviation UIDAI stands for A. Unique Identification Division of All India B. Uuique Identification Department of Ancient India C. Unique Identity Division of Ancient India D. Unique Identification Authority of India 3.Which of the following is a global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade between nations? A. IMF B. WTO C. IDA D. UNESCO E. UNO 4.Who among the following is the author of the English novel 'The Namesake'? A. Shobhaa De B. Upamanyu Chatterjee C. Jhumpa Lahiri D. Shashi Tharoor E. V.S. Naipaul 5.Kanha Tiger Reserve is situated in Mandla district of- A. Rajasthan B. Madhya Pradesh C. Maharashtra D. Uttar Pradesh E. Chattisgarh 6.Excise duty is the tax levied on- A. production of goods B. import of goods C. sale of goods D. profits on the sale of goods E. income from other sources 7.Union Budget is presented in the Parliament by the- A. Prime Minister B. Commerce Minister C. Minister for Parliamentary Affairs D. Union Finance Minister E. Lok Sabha Speaker 8.A tax based on the value of the property/ product is called- A. Fringe Benefit Tax B. Value Added Tax C. Minimum Alternative Tax D. Turnover Tax E. Ad Valorem Tax 9.Who is the present Governor of the Reserve Bank of India? A. Dr. K.C. Chakraborty B. Dr. D. Subbarao C. Dr. Y.V. Reddy D. Dr. S. Gokarn E. Raghuram Rajan 10.The term 'Plastic Money' refers to- A. ATM/ Credit Cards B. Plastic-coated Currency Notes C. Foreign Currency Notes D. Traveller's Cheque E. None of these 11.Who laid the foundation of 44 MW Chutak hydro-electric project and Nimoo Bazgo project in Jammu and Kashmir? A. Manmohan Singh B. Omar Abdullah C. Narendra Modi D. Pranab Mukherjee 12.Name the author of the book 'Munger through the Age'? A. D P Yadav B. Jhumpa Lehri C. Chetan Bhagat D. Khushwant Singh 13.Which Award is often considered as Asia's Nobel Prize ? A. Bharat Ratna B. National Sadbhavna Award C. Ramon Magsaysay D. Gandhi Peace Prize 14.21st Commonwealth Games will be held at which place? A. Toronto B. New Delhi C. Golden Coast D. London 15.Construction of world's tallest Railways bridge began at which place? A. Tura(Meghalaya) B. Shimla C. Leh D. Noney(Manipur) 16.Which Temple complex will be renovated by Indian assistance in Nepal? A. Shiva Temple B. Pashupatinath Temple C. Hanuman Temple D. Dakshinaawatar Temple 17.Which State has declared Emergency over outbreak of Ebola Virus? A. Namibia B. Libya C. Liberia D. Mali 18.Which of the species known as natural host of Ebola Virus? A. Sparrow B. Fungi C. Fruits Bats D. Mosquito 19.Who has been appointed as Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court? A. Ranjana Paintal B. Thottathil B. Radhakrishnan C. M J Joseph D. Gopal Subramanium 20. Governor Kamla Beniwal has been removed, she was Governor of which state? A. Rajasthan B. Assam C. Mizoram D. Manipur   For more questions on General Awareness clickhere Read the full article

[sequexofficial]

Lakshmi’s NTR (2019) April 2019 (Bharat) 114 Minutes Synopsis Lakshmi's NTR (2019) is Telugu Biographical Drama film based on the real life of former movie star and chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N.

[scubetv]

Telakapalli Viewpoint On #SriReddy #RGV Conspiracy On #PawanKalyan || Co...

[vsplusonline]

Renuka Ramnath appointed as the new chairperson of IVCA

New Post has been published on https://apzweb.com/renuka-ramnath-appointed-as-the-new-chairperson-of-ivca/

Renuka Ramnath appointed as the new chairperson of IVCA

Renuka Ramnath, Founder, MD, and CEO of Multiples Alternate Asset Management, has been appointed as the chairperson of Indian Private Equity & Venture Capital Association (IVCA). Ramnath has been an active member of the IVCA since its inception in 2010.

In a statement, Ramnath said, “I have been an active member of IVCA and seen the progress that it has made over the last few years under the leadership of my predecessors. Karthik Reddy, Partner, Blume Ventures joins me as the Vice-Chair.”

IVCA is planning to get more members to join in the future. “Our focus areas remain working with the government and regulatory bodies to build and grow our industry through dialogues and partnerships with all our stakeholders,” she added in the statement.

In a statement, Karthik said, “Under the guidance of leaders like Padmanabh Sinha and Gopal Srinivasan, and the team led by Rajat, IVCA has championed future-ready changes for the Indian capital markets. As a team, we will work hard on further streamlining the industry alongside a supportive set of regulators and government bodies.”

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[todaybharatnews]

via Today Bharat nbsp; Reigning badminton World Champion PV Sindhu has been awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third-highest civilian award in India. The names of Padma awardees were announced on Saturday on the eve of the 71st Republic Day. Sindhu became the only Indian woman to win an Olympic silver when she reached the final of the women's singles event at the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazi. In August last year, the 24-year-old became the first Indian to win gold at the badminton World Championships. She has also won two silver and two bronze medals at the World Championships in the past, thus making her only the second woman after Chinese two-time Olympic gold medallist Zhang Ning, to win five medals in the competition. PV Sindhu's family hails from Andhra Pradesh and while she was awarded in the sports category, the state also saw Padma Shri recipients in the 'Arts' category -- Yadla Gopala Rao, a folk artist from Srikakulam and puppeteer Dalavai Chalapathi Rao from Anantapur. Responding to the announcement, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy tweeted, "Hearty congratulations to PV Sindhu on being conferred Padma Bhushan for her contribution to sports and Shri Yadala Gopal and Shri Dalavai Chalpathi Rao on being conferred Padma Shri for their contribution to art." "Thank you very much, Sir for all your support," PV Sindhu tweeted in response. Thank you very much sir for all your support http://bit.ly/30SqkRE mdash; Pvsindhu (@Pvsindhu1) January 25, 2020The Indian government has conferred 118 prominent people from different fields with the Padma Shri Awards. The list includes Jagdish Lal Ahuja, Javed Ahmad Tak, Satyanarayana Mundayoor, S. Ramakrishna, Yogi Aeron, Tulasi Gowda, Abdul Jabbar and Usha Chaumar, among others. Besides them, 12 foreign nationals also made it to the list of 118 Padma Shri awardees this year. Former Union Ministers Sushma Swaraj, Arun Jaitley and George Fernandes will be conferred Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Renowned boxer Mary Kom is also the winner of Padma Vibhushan award, the second-highest civilian honour of the country.

[loyallogic]

Opinion of Third Person under the Indian Evidence Act

This article has been written by Naman Sherstra, a student of Department of Law, University of Calcutta.

  Chapter II of the Indian Evidence Act talks about the relevancy of opinion of the third person. It is also termed as an expert’s opinion which is broadly provided under Section 45- 51 of the act. The provisions under this section are exceptional to natural rule of law of evidence where the evidence is only that fact which is given by the witness on the basis of his knowledge and belief. This exception states that the court cannot draw its opinion on the technical matters as well as complicated matters which require the special knowledge of the person having acquired expertise on the relative field. The conditions for the demand of the expertise include the situation where the case cannot be solved without the help of the expert. The witness who is expressing its opinion is an expert of the particular field.

Expert explanation

Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act provides information about the definition of expert. An expert is said to be a person having knowledge or expertise in any of the field like foreign law, science, art, identity of handwriting or finger expression and where such knowledge has been gathered by him by practice, observation, studies. For example- Medical Practitioner, technical experts, chemical and explosive experts, ballistic expert and fingerprint expert. The evidence of points is admissible when he takes the court into complete belief. The opinion of the expert has to be given orally only, certificate as well as report is not accepted as evidence. However, the definition of expert under section 45 is not only extended to the five fields as mentioned in the section. There are also other certain fields where the courts may seek the opinion of the expert.

Duty of the expert

The primary obligation of the expert witness is to assist the court on the cases which fall under the ambit of their expertise. They are not bound to compel the parties to pay their fees who have appointed them. There is a common perception that the clients who appoint the expertise make their expert lean towards themselves hence making their cases favourable. The compromise with the independence of the expert may turn down the appointment.

Expert opinion Value

There are two aspects of the expert evidence. Data evidence and Opinion evidence, generally data evidence, are accepted until they vary the oral evidence. The second one opinion evidence is drawn from the data and it would not get precedence over the direct eyewitness testimony unless the inconsistency between the two is so great as to falsify the oral evidence. In S. Gopal Reddy vs State of Andhra Pradesh the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the evidence given without any independent corroboration is rather difficult to accept.

Expert evidence is opinion evidence and it cannot replace the substantive evidence. It is the rule of the procedure that the expert witness must be corroborated either by direct evidence or by circumstantial evidence. It is always safe to rely upon such evidence with an independent and reliable corroboration.

Evidence of expert witness v evidence of ordinary witness

The expert witness only provides opinion regarding the handwriting, fingerprinting, nature of injury technical inquiry whereas an ordinary witness states the fact relating to the incident happened. The nature of the expert witness is advisory whereas the witness states the facts to the court. The opinion of the witness is not admissible in the court. The accountability of ordinary witnesses is always considered more over the expertise witness.

Handwriting expert opinion

When the court is of opinion to take the handwriting of any person, or the opinion of any person having expertise of handwriting admissible as evidence the person himself shall have to give the opinion that if the handwriting has been written by him or not.

The handwriting of a person may be proved in the below given ways:

Evidence provided by the writer himself.

Evidence provided by a person who has seen the person, whose handwriting is in question in writing.

A person who has received any document which is written by the person whose handwriting is in question or under the authority of such person addressed to that person.

A person who is expert in comparing handwriting.

A person who is acquainted with the signatures and writing of that person.

A certifying authority who has issued the signature when the court has formed an opinion to the digital signature of the person as mentioned under section 47-A of the Act.

When the Court compares the documents in question with the other documents which are proved genuine in the court as mentioned in section 73.

In the case of doubtfulness the court may ask the person to write something in the face of court to compare it with the document.

Opinion for electronic evidence

When in a proceeding the court has to form an opinion on any matter relating to any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any electronic resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the person taken in such cases is known as examiner of electronic evidence. The examiner of electronic evidence is known as the expert in such cases. For this section, electronic evidence includes any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the examiner of the electronic evidence referred to in section 79A of the Information and Technology Act, 2000(21 of 2000), is a relevant fact.

Opinion for foreign law

When it is necessary to form an opinion as to the law of the country, statements of such law published in a book published under the authority of the Government of that country and the reports of the cases decided by the courts of that country and contained in the books purporting to be reports of such rulings, are relevant, that is may be referred to by the court. A statement contained in an unauthorized translation of the Code Napoleon as to what the French law is on a particular matter. The opinion of such experts can be taken under Section 4 of the Act. However, the other reports of the ruling of the court can also be taken as relevant which are given in such books of foreign law.

Foreign law in India is always considered as the question of fact. There have been the cases where the court has interpreted personal laws as Indian Laws and thus are the laws of the land. Therefore, the court does not require a person to interpret the laws as the courts can do tasks on their own.

            Click Above

Opinion for fingerprint

The evidence given by a fingerprint expert need not necessarily be corroborated; but the courts must satisfy itself as to the value of the other evidence. Generally, a finger impression expert’s opinion is given more weightage because it remains the same from his birth to his death and no other fingerprint can match with the one. Where the Court has to determine the credibility of the fingerprint expert the court can review his past credential records as well as work records. In case of being found suspicious the court can deny to entertain such evidence. 

The evidence of the fingerprint expert is not substantive evidence. It can only be used to corroborate some items of substantive evidence, which are otherwise on record. Fingerprint studies have been given a higher importance these days but the court has been reluctant to accept that as a piece of evidence. A person who is a fingerprint expert is said to match two fingerprints thereafter the opinion of such expert is relevant and admissible in court.

Opinion for Science and art

The aforementioned words include all subjects on a course where special study and experience is needed to make an opinion. The word science is very broad in practical use and they are not only limited to the higher sciences similarly the term art is also not limited to the fine arts but also it extends to the person having skills of handicraft, trade, profession and skill in work which, with the advance of culture has been carried beyond the sphere of common pursuits of life into that of artistic and scientific action.

To construe that if any expertise comes under the ambit of ‘art’ and ‘science’ the following tests can be applied.

The subject matter of injury such that inexperienced people are not capable of forming a correct judgement without the assistance of the experts.

The character of the science or art is such that it requires a course or a study to obtain a competent knowledge or skill in the field.

The study of certain customs and manners of tribes and castes, of the areas occupied by them and of other connected matter comes under the ambit of the science or art under this section. The tests which may be applied in determining whether a particular question is one of the scientific nature and consequently whether skilled witnesses may pass their opinion upon it are: Is the subject matter of enquiry such that inexperienced men are unlikely to prove capable of forming a correct judgement upon it without the assistance of the experts; that is does it so far partake of the character of a science or art as to require a course of previous habit or study in order to obtain a competent knowledge of its nature, Books dealing with customs and manners of different castes and tribes are admissible in evidence to prove them.

Every science has its own technical terms, which are so much Greek or Hebrew to the average juryman. What would the normal person can answer to the question whether a certain dose of a prescription containing choral would have been dangerous.

Opinion of medical expert

In the medical cases the opinion of the medical expert is required. In criminal matters the victim as well as the accused is examined. When the court requires the opinion of a medical expert in the cases which involve medical technicalities it asks the medical expert to express its opinion on the cases. The medical opinion may involve the physical condition of the person, his age, cause of death of the person, nature and effect of disease, time of death, nature of instrument used for causing death, symptoms and time of death, future consequences of the death. In the case of rape the medical evidence possess a great importance as if the opposite counsel thinks that the rape was consensual the skin cells and scratches on the body may prove an important aspect in the decision of the case. But there is a problem with these experts is that they are always called by a party who are having the evidence in their favour. That is why the court has to rely upon the opinion of the expert though they have to consider being impartial while expressing their opinion.

The Evidentiary value of medical cases is only corroborative and not conclusive and hence in the case of conflict between oral evidence and medical evidence the former is to be preferred unless the medical evidence completely rules out the oral evidence.

Opinion of ballistic expert

Ballistic experts, also known as firearms experts are people who are experts in the study of projectiles and firearms. The Ballistic expert may trace the bullet or cartridge to a particular weapon from which it was fired. The opinion of the ballistic expert is only taken into consideration when he furnishes the report before the court. 

Conclusion

The expert witness is totally different from the ordinary witness. The expert’s opinion can never be questioned in the courtroom. In the case of question over the ability and knowledge of the expert the opinion or report is brought into question. The expert opinion is judged from a different view as he is unaware about the facts of the case and the court is unaware about the field of expertise the case is related to.

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