#research3

[goodluckguru]

Best Astrologer In Kolkata

An astrologer is a person who practices astrology, a system of beliefs and techniques that attempts to understand and interpret the influence of celestial bodies on human affairs and events. Astrologers study the positions and movements of celestial bodies such as the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars, and analyse how these positions relate to human personality traits, relationships, events, and trends. Astrologers and their study of the stars have helped people in many ways to yield fruitful results in their day-to-day life. Many people believe that astrology is the way to live. Our ancestors had a firm belief in the movement of stars and other celestial bodies, many of their decisions in life revolved around astrology. Many astrologers can help you live a better life, if you are from Kolkata or nearby areas, can get access to the Best Astrologer in Kolkata and give meaning to your aspirations in life.

What is Astrology?

The study of the movements and positions of the celestial bodies is interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world. The one having knowledge about the stars and how they can impact the lives of humans is an Astrologer. The assumption of the mundane events assumes that the celestial bodies primarily the planets and stars are considered in their arbitrary combinations termed as constellations, this determines or indicates the changes in the sublunar world.

Creation of Astrology

Astrology was invented by The Mesopotamians, they not only invented astrology but also started studying the cosmos and recording the stars and planets. Scientific findings and observations came after the study of omens and eclipses. The science of astronomy and astrology was combined in this era.

In some respects, an interest in astrology is a coping strategy. According to research3, there is a link between people who have experienced a severe crisis (such as divorce or job loss) and those who believe in astrology. This is said to be because astrology is an instant instrument that may be used for comfort.

What do Astrologers do?

Astrology is the belief that the individual's mood, personality, and environment depending on their date and time of birth and alignment of the stars and planets affects every. Astrologers print horoscopes in newspapers which are personalized by birth dates.

--Birth charts, also known as horoscopes, are commonly used by astrologers to interpret and analyze an individual's life based on the alignment of celestial bodies at the time of their birth. Many criteria like zodiac signs, planetary aspects, and houses to give insights and forecasts about various parts of a person's life, including personality traits, profession, relationships, health, and future events.

--Based on their readings of astrological factors, astrologers may also provide counsel and advice. Some astrologers specialize in certain areas of astrology, such as Vedic astrology, Western astrology, Chinese astrology, or horary astrology, and may employ a variety of methodologies and systems to analyze and forecast events.

It is vital to remember that the scientific world regards astrology as a pseudoscience since it lacks empirical data and scientific validity. However, astrology is still practiced and followed by many people who believe in its ability to provide insights and advice in their lives. The top 10 best astrologers in Kolkata can add meaning to your life with their knowledge of stars and experience in life.

There are various Numerology Numbers in astrology that can help astrologers determine their steps further. For instance, Number 1 represents the Sun, those who are born in this category are people born on the 1st, 10th, 19th, and 28th of any month. People having these birth dates are creative, positive, inventive, and creative individuals, the reason behind this is their stubborn and determined approach towards life.

Way to enlighten life

The Best Astrologers in Kolkata are renowned and are garnered hundreds of prestigious awards making them ideal to discuss the whereabouts of life. Astrology readings can help in many ways like Finance, Health, Business, Career, and Marriage, knowing when to take the next step, gazing at the stars, and reading your birthdate and time can help in unimaginable ways.

Astrologers possess a wealth of expertise and knowledge that comes from years of experience and knowledge, these finely honed skills are backed by a deep mastery of astrology principles. Whether you are looking for enlightenment in love, finance, career, or personal growth, astrology can help you find ways like no other.

[phantomtutor]

Describe 3 of the models of abnormality, as designed by original theorists. 1) please recount a basic history of abnormal psychology, and how it has been treated at different times and different places.2)Discuss 4 kinds of experimentation used to evaluate strategies in abnormal psychology research3)Describe 3 of the models of abnormality, as designed by original theorists.4) Please describe symptoms of 5 anxiety disorders. Etiology and prognosis for each. Answer 3 out of these 4 questions. Each answer needs to be 2 pages Post navigation

[canonsartist]

Photographer Research 3

These series of images are from the project titled “Raised by Wolves” published in 1995 which are taken by Jim Goldberg who is an American artist and photographer. Goldberg focuses on street kids who have lurched through their lives by abuse, violence and addiction. His work is exhibited throughout the world and is well known due to this project and book.

Goldberg took 6 years capturing people and getting to know them in the streets of San Francisco and Los Angeles and 10 years to publish his powerful work. He had each individual handwrite their personal issues or something about them which he printed next to their images. This is quite powerful work as it impacts people personally and emotionally due to the disturbing images and words.

[ivana-uxui]

Things to work on: (Detail/checklist?)

Add entry (font toolbar, closing toolbar) According to Karafillis (2012), Designers should visually chunk functionality that is different. This is so that the UI can be clear and tidy. However, a lot of users did get quite lost with the font toolbar, as it felt long and too repetitive. For the next iteration I will try to cut down the time for users to access deeper features in the app, so that users won’t need to break up their typing or their train of thought to access an extra part of the app.

Statistics (visibility?) I think that when getting participants to go through the stats feature, there were a bit confused due to the visibility of certain items. Nodder (2013), suggests that people prefer firm solutions rather an ambiguity. Having more visual feedback could allow users to feel more secure with what they’re doing

Dream journal (other tracking features?) According to Koester (2018), people track certain aspects of their lives to seek motivation for change and self improvement. Here are some principal reasons behind why some people track certain aspects of their lives:

self-healing = becoming healthier

self-discipline = rewarding aspects of it

self-design = control and optimize “yourself”

self-association = associated with movement

self-entertainment = entertainment value

There is a relationship between the number of motivations and how much they track. The more motivation on a single factor, leads to more tracking activity.

What do people track?

Activity & Fitness

Data Collection

Diet

Goals

Habits

Health

Heart

Media Consumption

Mind & Cognition

Mood

Sleep

Tally

Time

Wealth or money

Personalisation People like personalisation because it makes them feel more personally involved with the product, and therefore will feel emotionally invested to use the app, Nunwood (n.d.). I had the idea of users being able to change colours/themes/etc, but I  think that showing this during the testing would be good as it shows them the steps to take that action.

Add entry – name of button or page? There are many ways to do the similar tasks in the app, to speed up the process. The wording for these processes for consistency. However, participants got confused with the wording. Due to the memory work that users are doing, they remember the name of a process and associate that name to the process. However, this got confusing with the users.

Passwords & Lock Diary – change name? Much like the above, participants got confused with the task name and the section name.

Week view – left to right days I was unsure whether to lay out the days left to right, or top to bottom. A participant suggested left to right because that’s how we read (in the western world).

Syncing process – look into this To provide a sense of security I seemed to have missed a couple steps before the participant could allow the app to sync the account.

Confirmation Screens & Drafts This was something I was meant to implement as a way to give the user a safety net when they’re about to do something they might not mean to do. This was also mentioned in the Heuristic Test that I did not implement.

Design: some minor changes with the visual design

Radio/Checklist – especially around the syncing accounts

Stats icon

Today icon

Geolocation button

[tessatalksbooksblog]

The Family Game by Catherine Steadman | #BookReview #PsychologicalThriller #thrillerbooks

Come see my review on a dark and disturbing psychological thriller: The Family Game by Catherine Steadman #BookReview #Psychological #Thriller #thrillerbooks #readingcommunity #BookTwitter

THE RULES1. Listen carefully2. Do your research3. Trust no one4. Run for your lifeHarriet Reed, a novelist on the brink of literary stardom, is newly engaged to Edward Holbeck, the heir of an extremely powerful family. And even though Edward has long tried to severe ties with them, news of the couple’s marital bliss has the Holbecks inching back into their lives.As Harriet is drawn into their…

[jilianconsultants]

What Jilian Consultants Can Offer

Main Types And Methods of M&A

 1. Horizontal mergers and acquisitions

 Horizontal mergers and acquisitions refer to mergers and acquisitions between companies that produce or sell the same or similar products.  

 2. Vertical mergers and acquisitions

 Vertical mergers and acquisitions refer to mergers and acquisitions between companies in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain or between companies that have a vertical cooperative relationship.  

 3. Compound mergers and acquisitions

 Compound mergers and acquisitions refer to the merger of companies that combine horizontal mergers and vertical mergers in the same industry, or mergers between companies in different industries. Compound M&A is a combination of a company's development strategy and a diversified business strategy, which is conducive to achieving business diversification.

 Mergers and Aquisitions FAQS

 What are the processes of mergers and acquisitions?

1:Project preparation2:Target company research3:Letter of intent4:Due diligence5:Evaluation and projection6:Negotiation and signing contract7:Execution and integration.

 Why choosing Jilian Consultants?

Jilian’s mission is meeting the needs of clients with quality service, donating ourselves to the global development and connecting with the world closely. We offer fast and reliable company registration services with transparent quotation. Our team members are highly-trained and equipped with practical experiences. Contact us and get your exclusive solution.

https://www.jilianconsultants.com/international-mergers-and-aquisitions/

[careerborse]

30 Digital Marketing Tools you can use for FREE :

30 Digital Marketing Tools you can use for FREE :

30 Digital Marketing Tools you can use for FREE : 1- Google Analytics – To track website traffic activity2- Google Keyword Planner – For keyword research3- Google Search Console – To check indexing status & more4- Google Trends – To analyze the popularity of a search term5- UberSuggest Basic Account – keyword research + content ideas6- Screaming Frog SEO spider – For website audit7-…

[owlprime]

Search engine optimization is the most important task in today’s time when it comes to digital marketing or more specifically, search engine marketing. As the name suggests, it is used to optimize a website’s performance to increase its visibility to the users when they search for something using keywords. It is somewhat a tricky way to invite traffic to a website by using some techniques. Search engine optimization is an exceedingly discussed topic but its value has not reduced. In order to boost your website performance, you definitely need to take care of some important factors. Firstly, let us go through some definitions you need to know before acquainting the techniques of SEO. On-Page SEOOn-page SEO includes all the factors that are visible on your website. This means, whatever the customers are seeing on your website comes under this category. Here, the factors that will matter are the authenticity, relevance, clarity, and overall quality of the content. Your content needs to be plagiarism free too. Your website designing matters too. You need to know the effective usage of keywords in the title tag, meta description so that your website gets natural traffic. Also, deliberate stuffing of keywords may lower the quality of your website. We will discuss the topics in detail later. Off Page SEOOff-Page SEO refers to all the works you do to upgrade the ranking of your page. Your techniques link attaching and other activities you do beyond the boundaries of your website. It includes the promotion measures you take in order to increase traffic on your website. Every single ideation and implementation to appear on top of the search engine result page comes under off-page SEO. Let us explain the key factors you need to know to make a user-friendly website-1. Market analysis and knowing your competitors2. Keyword Research3. Content4. Website decoration5. Maintain Continuity6. Backlinks

[canonsartist]

Photographer Research 2

The images below are taken by Daniel Beltrá. He was born in Spain in 1964. He is now based in the USA. He is best known for his which is titled “Spill”. It is exhibited throughout North America and Europe.

Beltrá likes to photograph topics that are related to the human impact on environmental issues such as global warming. As seen below, his images are shot in aerial style form which he enjoys capturing and changing views of people in a lot of aspects.

These series of images are from May 2010, when the water was polluted due to the oil spillage in BP Deepwater Horizon. From these images he showcased the destruction we are causing within beauty of this world.

[rasboom-blog]

research3

Bill viola is an artist I respect very much. I am shocked by his image works. I like his interpretation of life in his works. Bill viola is devoted to the research and exploration of the invisible spiritual world of human beings through video means. Dreams, memories and associations, emotional world, life and death are all the themes he wants to express. His works not only show the most fundamental and common experiences of life, death and subconscious, but also express his thoughts on life, universe and time. Its manifestation also extends to all kinds of binary relation elements: light and darkness, water and fire, tension and calmness, noise and quietness.

[marketnewssize]

According to Data Bridge Market Research the market of walk-in refrigerators and freezers is developing owing to factors like rising number of supermarkets & hypermarkets, availability of advanced walk in refrigerators and freezers, rising concern associated with controlling the bacteria growth & extended shelf life of food and increasing consumption of frozen food.

Now the question is which are the other regions intuitive is targeting? Data Bridge Market Research has forecasted Americas to have maximum market share and will dominate the market due to the steady growth in demand from supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, and bakery products.

[mononofu]

誤解のないように説明します。

ハンは紳士です。科学者としても家庭人としても中国人の同僚を束ね��立派な男でした。私はそれまで彼が大きな声をだしたり動揺したり慌てたりするところを見たことがありません。

そのハンが、私のデータをみて、顔を真っ赤にして目を血走らせて「ネイチャーは受理しない。」と言い切るのです。

私はこの時自信をもって論文をネイチャーに投稿することに決めました。

ありがとうハン。僕は今でも君のことがとっても大好きだ。

[netsmp]

UDEMY How to Write and Publish a Research Paper: Complete Guide for FREE

New Post has been published on https://netsmp.com/2020/09/02/udemy-how-to-write-and-publish-a-research-paper-complete-guide-for-free-6/

UDEMY How to Write and Publish a Research Paper: Complete Guide for FREE

https://www.udemy.com/course/how-to-write-and-publish-a-research-paper-complete-guide/?couponCode=RESEARCH3 https://www.udemy.com/course/how-to-write-and-publish-a-research-paper-complete-guide/?couponCode=RESEARCH3

[csrgood]

Schneider Electric's 2019 Circular Economy Highlights

The responsible use of resources is central to our identity. Circularity is a model that offers efficiencies that build upon themselves; over the past year, circular principles helped us outpace our own expectations toward our sustainability progress.

Schneider Sustainability Impact results

Circular economy is part of our 2018 – 2020 Schneider Sustainability Impact (SSI). The SSI covers 21 impacts that align with United Nations (U.N.) Sustainable Development Goals. Together with the global community, we are working to alleviate poverty, protect the planet, and bring about global peace and prosperity. Here is our 2018 and 2019 progress against our 2020 goals.

Partnering for circularity

One-planet compatibility is a concept that promotes people and organizations using finite resources in a way that respects Earth’s ability to replenish those resources. In 2019, Schneider joined with Global Footprint Network (GFN) to highlight the powerful competitive advantage of one-planet-compatible companies. By partnering with GFN, we’ve been able to gauge our activities through ecological footprint accounting. This helps us answer “yes” to the question: “Are our products and services aligned with moving customers and humanity out of ecological overshoot?” 

Energy is one of five levers that can move Earth Overshoot Day. Our joint research3 with GFN4 revealed that technologies available today — including those that we and our partners offer — can help move the date. With energy management, industrial automation, and renewable electricity, humanity can act now to move Earth Overshoot Day forward 21 days. And with cross-sector innovation, cutting CO2 emissions by half could move the date by 93 days. 

Our initiatives at the end of 2019

We’re one of the few companies in the industrial sector to be part of the New Plastics Economy Global Commitment coordinated by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation5. We’ve committed to doubling the quantity of recycled plastics in our products by 2025, to align with goals put forth in France’s Circular Economy Roadmap6, and we’ve banned single-use plastics in our facilities around the world. The latter progress was the result of our new Act For Green program, which encourages our employees to share their ideas to advance Schneider’s sustainability mission.

At the end of 2019, we launched a pilot program to enhance our waste reduction goals: our Green Packaging Project. With this new initiative, we can reduce the use of plastic film in packaging by 97,000 square meters — enough to cover 14 soccer fields. With regard to cardboard, this program will also help us conserve about 74 tons of raw material. 

In addition to reducing our use of plastic and conserving resources, we’ve made great strides in ensuring the materials we do use are used to their fullest: since 2012, we’ve increased the amount of waste we recover from 8% to 95%. This means that in 2019, we’ve kept 11,000 tons of waste out of landfills — more than the weight of the Eiffel Tower. Our progress in this area has led to 193 of our sites labeled toward zero waste to landfill. 

Read the full 2019 Circular Economy Highlights from Schneider Electric in its 2019 - 2020 Sustaianbility Report

source: https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/45357-Schneider-Electric-s-2019-Circular-Economy-Highlights?tracking_source=rss

[xyz1net-blog]

Anxiety May Be an Inherited Trait

Anxiety May Be an Inherited Trait

By Dr. Mercola

Anxiety has exponentially risen in recent years. Not only do more than half of all American college students report anxiety,1,2 research3 also shows anxiety — characterized by constant and overwhelming worry and fear — is now 800 percent more prevalent than all forms of cancer.

Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) suggests the prevalence of anxiety…

[sherristockman]

How Aging Affects Mitochondria in Brain Cells and Contributes to Age-Related Diseases Dr. Mercola By Dr. Mercola In recent years, it's become increasingly apparent that most of what we refer to as health and disease really links back to the function of your mitochondria — tiny organelles inside your cells that play an important role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), required for all biological functions. If your mitochondria are not functioning well, your risk for chronic degenerative diseases will radically increase. Not surprisingly, optimization of mitochondria is also vital for life extension strategies. Your brain, being the most energy-dependent organ (consuming up to 20 percent of the energy used by your entire body1), is therefore particularly susceptible to impaired energy production due to faulty mitochondria, and researchers now suggest this appears to be what makes the human brain susceptible to age-related diseases in the first place. As reported by Salk News:2 "Salk researchers used a new method to discover that cells from older individuals had impaired mitochondria — the power stations of cells — and reduced energy production. A better understanding of the effects of aging on mitochondria could reveal more about the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and age-related brain diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's." Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Age-Related Brain Disease The research3 in question, published in the May issue of Cell Reports, supports "a bioenergetic explanation for the high susceptibility of the brain to aging." With age, your mitochondria tend to decrease both in number and function, and this age-related dysfunction is caused by impaired ATP production and an increase in oxidative damage. According to the authors: "Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is directly linked to a loss of energy generated through the electron transport chain that performs oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS); the failure of OXPHOS is believed to set the stage for the development of age-related disorders. Interestingly, inherited mitochondrial diseases that can be caused by mutations in genes encoded on the nuclear DNA, which encodes the vast majority of mitochondrial genes, or in genes that are encoded in mtDNA are often associated with neurodegenerative phenotypes, indicating a particular vulnerability of brain neurons to mitochondrial defects. Similarly, the human brain is an organ that is strongly affected by aging, and advanced age is by far the strongest risk factor for most neurodegenerative disorders." While most investigative methods employ chemical stressors on cells to simulate cellular aging, the Salk group, led by Rusty Gage, a Salk Laboratory of Genetics professor, used a novel method previously developed by Gage that directly converts skin cells into neurons, referred to as "induced neurons" or iNs. These iNs allowed them to observe the effects of natural aging on mitochondria. Mitochondrial Genes Related to Energy Generation Are Turned Off in Older Individuals For the featured study, the team collected skin cells from individuals ranging in age from newborn to 89, and then created iNs from each donor. They then studied the mitochondria within each set, using a variety of different methods. Interestingly, while the mitochondria in the skin cells showed few variations between age groups, once the cells were converted to neurons, significant differences emerged. In the iNs of older individuals, mitochondrial genes related to energy generation were turned down. The mitochondria were also less dense and more fragmented, and generated much lower amounts of energy. The mitochondrial membrane potential was on average 43 percent lower in old iNs compared to young iNs. "Pretty much every area we looked at — functional, genetic and morphological — had defects," Jerome Mertens, a Salk staff scientist and co-corresponding study author said. The authors also noted that the differences in susceptibility to mitochondrial aging between various cell types appears to depend on the level of oxidative phosphorylation the cell in question performs, and that "the metabolic profile of neurons might render them particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial aging." As reported by Salk News: "The researchers hypothesized that the reason the mitochondria of iNs were more impacted by aging than the mitochondria of skin cells was that neurons rely more heavily on mitochondria for their energy needs. 'If you have an old car with a bad engine that sits in your garage every day, it doesn't matter,' Mertens says. 'But if you're commuting with that car, the engine becomes a big problem.' The finding shows how aging can impact organs differently throughout the body. The researchers next want to begin to apply their method to study age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In the past, mitochondrial defects have been implicated in these diseases. By collecting skin cells from patients and creating iNs, the team can look at how neuronal mitochondria from patients with those diseases are different from neuronal mitochondria from unaffected older individuals." Mitochondrial Function Is Important for Tumor Protection Aside from turning the food you eat into energy, your mitochondria also have other radically important functions. For example, they act as the coordinator for apoptosis, or programmed cell death — an important process that ensures the death of malfunctioning cells that might turn into tumors lest they be cleaned out. Over the course of a cell's life, damage will inevitably occur. Once that damage reaches a certain threshold, signals are sent to the cell with instructions to self-destruct. Your mitochondria determine whether that threshold has been reached, and are the initiators of the subsequent cell suicide program. If your mitochondria are not functioning well, they might not be able to make a proper determination of when the damage threshold has been reached, and/or may not give the damaged cell the signal for apoptosis. The result is obvious: You end up with severely damaged cells hanging around, accumulating and contributing to further dysfunction. Moreover, in order for the apoptosis cascade to happen, energy input is required. So, even if your mitochondria are able to make the determination that the threshold has been reached and are able to signal apoptosis, if there's insufficient energy, defective cells will still survive and multiply. This, in a nutshell, is how dysfunctional mitochondria end up causing cancer. Peroxynitrite Likely Causes Most of the Damage While your mitochondria can be damaged in a number of ways, much of it stems from superoxide free radicals — created when electrons leak out of the electron transport chain (ETC) and react with oxygen. This is a normal and healthy process, but when superoxide is created at higher levels than healthy, it will damage the DNA in your mitochondria. What causes excess leakage of electrons out of the ETC in your mitochondria? In short, not being metabolically flexible and burning a higher percentage of carbohydrate than fat, which leaks far more of these electrons that combine with molecular oxygen to form superoxide. With a name like superoxide, you would think this molecule would be really damaging and dangerous but it is relatively benign. It was thought that its conversion to hydrogen peroxide and combining with iron (Fenton reaction) to form hydroxyl free radical caused most of the damage. However, this view has radically shifted this century. It is now appreciated that while hydroxyl radicals are damaging, they don't travel very far, only the distance of one protein, and their damage is relatively restricted. The major problem with generations of excess superoxide is that it is available to combine with nitric oxide to form what is likely the most dangerous molecule in your body, peroxynitrate. EMF Exposure I just concluded hundreds of hours of reading thousands of pages on this topic and finished writing a 30-page paper for a peer reviewed publication that extensively details the concept of how one can use molecular biology to understand and remediate most chronic disease. I hope to publish it on the site later this year, once it is accepted for journal publication. But briefly, the perfect storm of DNA, cellular protein and membrane destruction is created when you aren't burning fat for fuel and creating excess superoxide and then get exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This causes a radical increase in nitric oxide release that nearly instantaneously combines with superoxide to create enormous levels of peroxynitrate, which triggers a cascade of destructive events to your cellular and mitochondrial DNA, membranes and proteins. Although all biologic damage is of concern, it is the DNA strand breaks that are most concerning as they will lead to a radical increase in inflammation and virtually all degenerative diseases. Thankfully, your body has the ability to repair this damaged DNA with a family of enzymes called PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase). It is a very effective repair system and works wonderfully to repair the damage as long as it has enough fuel. And what is that fuel? It is NAD+ that you might have heard a bit of in the news recently. When excess peroxynitrate activates PARP to repair the DNA damage, it consumes NAD+ and if you run out you can't repair the damage, which is likely the central cause for most of the diseases we are seeing in the modern world now. I have previously written extensively about EMF and how you can mitigate your exposure. The key here is to understand that it is the combination of EMF exposure and the inability to burn fat as a primary fuel that causes the domino cascade of biologic destruction that we are currently observing. NAD+ Is Central to Maintaining Cellular and Mitochondrial Health Improving NAD+ levels is a very complex topic and really requires a book to carefully explain, which I am actually in the process of writing. But optimizing NAD+ levels may be the single most important strategy for improving your mitochondrial health. The first step is to reduce NAD+ consumption by the correct diet, along with EMF avoidance. Then there are inhibitors of inflammatory pathways, like CD38, that consume NAD+ that can also increase NAD+ levels. Finally, there are strategies to convert NADH to NAD+, which is the beneficial form of NAD. There is one simple inexpensive supplemental strategy to increase NAD+ from a biological precursor. There are four primary ones that will not be reviewed here but the least expensive one is simple nontimed-release niacin (vitamin B3) — yes, the same vitamin used to cure pellagra and improve heart disease for the last 50 years. Although niacinamide works, evidence suggests it is not as effective, and additionally suppresses important and beneficial sirtuins. Niacin will cause a flush in virtually everyone using it for the first time at a dose of 300 milligrams (mg), so starting with smaller doses of 25 mg makes far more sense, and working your way up to 200 to 300 mg a few times a day seems prudent. I prefer niacin powder, as it is less expensive and doesn't have any flow agents added like magnesium stearate. Efficient Fat Burning Minimizes Mitochondrial Damage So, hopefully, you are now even more motivated to optimize your diet by what I just shared. The central theme of my book "Fat for Fuel," details strategies aimed at minimizing the production of excess superoxide by teaching your body to burn fat as a primary fuel. What we're now finding is that it's the divergence from our ancestral diet — the massive prevalence of processed, unnatural foods and excessive amounts of added sugars, net carbs and industrial fats — that causes a majority of the damage. High-carb, processed food diets prevent your body from efficiently burning fat as its primary fuel, and burning fats and ketones is far more efficient, inducing far less oxidative stress, than burning carbs. So, a foundational dietary strategy to optimize your mitochondrial health is to eat the right fuel. Once you become an efficient fat burner, you automatically minimize the oxidative stress placed on your mitochondria, which is key. Other effective strategies include calorie restriction (fasting) and exercise (see section below). Meal timing is another important factor. One of the worst things you can do to your mitochondria on a regular basis is eating shortly before going to bed. Ideally, you would eat your last meal at least three hours or more before bedtime. By supplying your body with food at a time when your body needs it the least (since you're sleeping), excessive amounts of free radicals end up being formed, which then spill out and damage mitochondrial DNA. Excess carbohydrates, in particular, result in a backup of electrons that causes the production of superoxide. What's more, should you happen to have high iron levels — which is far more common than low iron — combined with high superoxide, then hydroxyl free radicals are produced, which are among the most harmful. The chemical reaction that creates these hydroxyl free radicals is known as the Fenton reaction. While you certainly need enough iron, having too high an iron level can cause severe damage, and this is one way in which it does that. To learn more about the hazards of high iron, and simple ways to screen for and lower it, please see "Why Managing Your Iron Level Is Crucial to Your Health." Other Practical Strategies to Optimize Your Mitochondrial Function Thanks to living in a toxic environment, feeding your body inappropriate fuel, eating at the wrong time and not exercising enough, most people have less than optimized mitochondria. The good news is there are many ways to improve your mitochondrial function. The two best and most researched ways to optimize mitochondrial function are exercise and calorie restriction. Exercise upregulates genes like PGC-1 alpha and nuclear gene factors like Nrf2. These genes help your mitochondria become more efficient. They also boost mitochondrial growth and division, so that you end up with a larger number of mitochondria. In simplified terms, the reason exercise benefits your mitochondria is because it places an increased energy demand on your cells. In response, free radicals signal that you need more mitochondria. So, over time, your body adapts to higher levels of physical activity by triggering the creation of more mitochondria, and improving their efficiency. As your fitness level improves, each individual mitochondrion is placed under considerably less stress (since there's more of them), and as a result, fewer free radicals are generated. As noted by Dr. Lee Know, author of "Mitochondria and the Future of Medicine," this is "one of the reasons why physically fit individuals have a lower risk of pretty much all degenerative diseases, including cancer, as well as a longer life span." Helpful Supplements In addition to diet, meal timing and exercise, certain dietary supplements can also be useful. The following are particularly beneficial for optimizing mitochondrial function throughout your body:4 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or its reduced (and more absorbable) form, ubiquinol, if you’re over 40. CoQ10 is intimately involved in the energy production process, and having an excess amount of CoQ10 is by many considered an effective therapeutic strategy to ensure well-functioning mitochondria. CoQ10 also acts as a signaling molecule and helps protect cell membranes from damage. Quercetin, an antioxidant that belongs to a class of water-soluble plant substances called flavonoids, which are present in certain fruits and vegetables. Aside from antioxidant properties, quercetin is known to have anticarcinogenic and anti-artherogenic capabilities, but for purposes of this discussion in can also increase NAD+ levels. Pau D’Arco has been used for centuries to treat cancer and malaria. It is loaded with flavones, quercetin, alkaloids and other nutrients that can increase NAD+ levels. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a vitamin-like substance and a cousin to CoQ10, helps with mitochondrial biogenesis. The greater number of mitochondria you have, the more energy your cells are able to produce, and the better they function overall. So, having sufficient amounts of PQQ encourages the proliferation of mitochondria. Both animal and human studies using doses between 10 and 20 milligrams (mg) of PQQ shows significant improvement in mental processing and memory. The best results are obtained when you take PQQ in combination with CoQ10. PQQ has also been shown to protect against the development of alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with Parkinson's disease, and beta-amyloid, associated with Alzheimer's. Berberine also benefits mitochondrial function and is a powerful AMPK activator, thereby stimulating mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial biogenesis. It also helps protect against the type of oxidative stress that leads to Parkinson's disease. Magnesium also plays an important role in the production of ATP, and is a required cofactor in the mitochondrial repair process. To learn more about how magnesium impacts your mitochondrial health, see "Magnesium — A Key Nutrient for Health and Disease Prevention." D-ribose is a five-carbon sugar required by ADP. While being a sugar, it has no impact on your blood glucose, so it's safe to consume even for diabetics. Ribose enters cells and converts into the adenosine base required for the creation of ADP and ATP. While your body produces D-ribose on its own, it's a very slow process. According to Know, D-ribose is often a rate limiting factor in recovery for patients with cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack and chronic fatigue. It's nontoxic and is virtually impossible to overdose on, and if you've suffered a stroke, heart attack or struggle with chronic fatigue, it's a really important supplement to include in your regimen. Taking D-ribose prior to cardiac surgery can also help minimize damage associated with reperfusion injury. Since most people have some degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, it may also be helpful for general health, especially if you exercise regularly.