#inferential confusion

[fountainpenchess]

Inferential Confusion Questionnaire items and factor loadings from Inferential confusion in obsessive–compulsive disorder: the inferential confusion questionnaire by Araema et. al.

[inwarvictory]

someone explain two way ANOVA test to me like I’m a toddler lol

[daddysfangirls-dc]

UnTamed Ch.5

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Damian Wayne x OC!Female

Damian and Astraea were both very observant people, but in different ways. Asta was emotionally observant, as she could tell how people felt; it was part of her ability to sense others' emotions. Empathy. With one glance, she could categorize a person into four emotions: Happy, Sad, Mad, and Scared. With further investigation and contact, she could gather more, which she did with Damian. With all their time together, she could identify his mood and its subcategory. Although she still didn't know how to react all the time. She was learning.

Damian was more observational and inferential, which made sense since he was the son of the world's "Greatest" detective. He could observe people and their actions and pull them apart. Taking the evidence given, digging deeper, connecting dots, and making a conclusion or inference. He could learn the basics about anyone with a good look, but with more time, he could dig deeper, and that's what he did with Asta. With all their time together, he could acknowledge things about her that she had yet to disclose or know herself. Didn't know what to do with such information. But he had it.

-

Damian was angry, and it fell into irritation and annoyance, something Asta could see and feel. She hesitated at the window, not sure of how to approach him. Slowly slipping into the room and getting to the bed, she perches on the edge. Judging him from afar. He acknowledged her with a glance and nod and returned to his book. She continued inching closer toward him, her paws quiet and soft on the sheet. Reaching him, she changes from a feline to a human. She sits up against the headboard. "What's wrong?" he gives a side glance. " You're not happy."

"What gave it away."

"I... I just know." she had his full attention now. "Why are you upset?"

"I'm not," he was. He had been banned from patrol for a week. That had been extended until further notice after an argument with Tim. who only got a scolding. So yeah, he was pissed, but he didn't want to talk to her about it. He just wanted to read, draw, and get away for a moment.

"Can I help?" Asta didn't like him angry; she didn't like feeling his anger, and it was so loud she couldn't help but feel it, and she wanted to do away with it. " I'm sure there is something we can do. Something to make you happy."

"Nothing"

Asta leans against him, looking over his shoulder and looking at his book. " Looks like an interesting book. Tell me about it."

"Why?" he asked, but not really, his voice clearly filled with annoyance and irritation. Maybe she couldn't hear that or ignored it.

" So, I can know about it myself and look into it." He let out a bitter scoff. Pushing her away. "

How? You can't even read."

The moment the words left his mouth, he instantly regretted it. The way her face fell was something he never wanted to see again. The way she shrank into herself, slid off the bed and stepped onto the floor. It pained him. He didn't even touch her, but he knew he hurt her deeply.

"I could teach you." He knew from the very beginning that she couldn't read or write. Her limited vocabulary, her avoidance of any written material, mispronouncing words. The biggest giveaway(besides the fact she lack a record of attending any type of school) was her name. When he first gave her name, she always asked him to write and spell it. She never wrote or spelled it herself. She tried, but it was clear from her behavior she was illiterate, but she hid it well. " I could teach you how to read and write." She looked at him, confused and suspicious but unmoving. " Can't have you running around uneducated. I'll teach you."

"I -I don't..." she stuttered as she took a small step back. He set his book on the nightstand and stood up on the other side of the bed. "I'll teach you to write as well," he said." We can start small. You already know your name." he sounded desperate as he watched her eye the window. Her escape. He didn't want her to leave. He didn't want her to go. He didn't know if she'd come back. She could feel his sadness, guilt, remorse, and shame. And feeling that made her sad, too. But a hurt and embarrassed sad. 

Even in her sadness, she could not hurt him. With kindness only she knew, she nodded 'yes,' and with a flicker of feathers, she had flown outside the window, gone until the next. 

-

Asta returned to him two weeks later. Instead of going to the manor, she found Birdie on the rooftops. His ban had been lifted. " Hello," She whispered as she appeared behind him. She didn't want to startle him as he was perched on the ledge. 

"Hello, Astraea," Robin said but didn't turn around.

"You ... you said you'd teach me. You'd help me." Turning around, Robin found Asta small; she kept her head down and fidgeted with her fingers. She was not her usual boisterous self. He made her small. He didn't like that. 

"We can start with the Alphabet. 

-

[strwbrrysauce]

opened google docs to work on some WIPs but it was on the wrong account and i got so confused when i was presented with all my uni notes

i was just like "i don't remember writing about police firearms deployment?? or inferential statistics??"

that is. a bit more funny than it should be..

but i am incredibly curious what wips you were thinking about working on…..👀

[bigdipperenthusiast]

just filled out the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire for ocd at therapy today. jesus christ

[reedreadsgreek]

John 11:6–10

6 Ὡς οὖν ἤκουσεν ὅτι ἀσθενεῖ, τότε μὲν ἔμεινεν ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ δύο ἡμέρας, 7 ἔπειτα μετὰ τοῦτο λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς· ἄγωμεν εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν πάλιν. 8 λέγουσιν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταί· ῥαββί, νῦν ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ; 9 ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσιν τῆς ἡμέρας; ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει· 10 ἐὰν δέ τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί, προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ. 

My translation: 

6 As, then, he heard that he was infirm, although at that time he remained in which place he was two days, 7 next, after this, he says to the disciples, “Let us go into Judea again.” 8 The disciples say to him, “Rabbi, now the Judeans were seeking you to stone you, and yet again we are going there?” 9 Jesus answered, “Are there not twelve hours of the day? If anyone walks in the day, he stumbles not, for the one sees the light of this world; 10 but if anyone walks in the night, he stumbles, for the light is not in him.” 

Notes:

11:6 

It is possible that οὖν here may have a ‘slightly adversative sense’ (BDAG), “yet, but, however”, which would comport with the tension between verse 5 and 6. It is more likely, however, that, in keeping with Johannine style, it is either transitional (“now”) or inferential (“therefore, so”; so most translations). ICC takes οὖν as resumptive, “And so”. 

The particle ὡς here functions as a temporal conjunction with the aorist ἤκουσεν (from ἀκούω) whose unexpressed subject is Jesus. ὡς points forward to τότε below. 

ὅτι introduces discourse after a verb of cognition. The unexpressed subject of the present ἀσθενεῖ (from ἀσθενέω “I am sick”) is Lazarus. The present-tense of the verb is preserved in indirect discourse. 

Although the postpositive μὲν lacks a δέ counterpart, a contrast does exists with the clause introduced by ἔπειτα in verse 7. μὲν ... ἔπειτα is ‘not rare in classical Greek’ (CGT). 

The temporal adverb τότε (“at that time”; NASB: “then”) modifies the aorist ἔμεινεν (from μένω) whose unexpressed subject is Jesus. Most translations leave τότε untranslated (but cf. ZG which translates τότε, “still”). The verb is modified by the locative dative τόπῳ, the antecedent of the relative pronoun ᾧ in locative the prepositional phrase ἐν ᾧ which modifies the imperfect ἦν (from εἰμί): “in which place he was” = “in the place where he was”. The indeclinable numeral δύο is attributive with ἡμέρας which is an accusative of time modifying μένω. 

11:7 

The adverb ἔπειτα (16x) indicates what is next in time, “then, thereupon” (BDAG), “next”. ἔπειτα must not be confused in translation with the transitional οὖν or time-specific τότε of verse 6 (all of which can be translated, “then”. ἔπειτα is pleonastic with μετὰ τοῦτο below. 

τοῦτο refers to the “two days” of verse 6. The temporal prepositional phrase μετὰ τοῦτο (“after this”) modifies the historical present λέγει (from λέγω) whose indirect object is τοῖς μαθηταῖς. Jesus is the unexpressed subject of the verb. 

The hortatory present subjunctive ἄγωμεν (from ἄγω; intransitive: “go”) is modified by the spatial prepositional phrase εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν. The adverb πάλιν with a verb of motion means, “I go back”, “return”. The present-tense of the verb is natural for a verb of movement which takes time to complete. 

11:8 

The indirect object of the historical present λέγουσιν (from λέγω) is αὐτῷ, referring to Jesus, and the subject is οἱ μαθηταί. 

For ῥαββί, see note on 1:38. 

The temporal adverb νῦν here means, “just now” (BDAG; most translations), “a short while ago” (NIV). νῦν modifies the imperfect ἐζήτουν (from ζητέω) whose direct object is σε and subject is οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι (“Jewish leaders”; see note on 2:18). The aorist infinitive λιθάσαι (from λιθάζω “I stone [to death]”; see note on 8:5) is complementary with ζητέω. 

καὶ is adversative (“and yet”, NIV). 

For πάλιν, see note on verse 7. The present ὑπάγεις (from ὑπάγω) is modified by πάλιν and also the locative adverb ἐκεῖ, referring to Judea. The present-tense verb denotes an action already in progress. 

11:9 

The subject of the aorist passive ἀπεκρίθη (from ἀποκρίνομαι; aor. pass. form with mid. dep. sense) is Ἰησοῦς. 

οὐχὶ introduces a question expecting a “Yes” answer. The indeclinable numeral δώδεκα is attributive with ὧραί which is the subject of the present εἰσιν (from εἰμί). ὧραί is modified by the partitive genitive τῆς ἡμέρας. εἰσιν is impersonal (“Are there not twelve hours of the day?”; NET, HCSB: “... in a day”; NRSV, NIV: “... of daylight”). The article τῆς is generic. 

ἐάν + subjunctive forms the protasis of a third-class conditional statement. Wallace (698) calls this instance a ‘present general condition’, where there is no implication of uncertainty about the event; it is simply a principle or a proverb. ‘The subjunctive is used because the subject is undefined, not because the time is future’ (cf. Zerwick §325). 

The indefinite pronoun τις is the subject of the present subjunctive περιπατῇ (from περιπατέω) which is modified by the temporal prepositional phrase ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. The present-tense of the verb is gnomic. 

προσκόπτω (8x) is, “strike against”, from πρός + κόπτω (8x) “I cut, strike”; intransitive (as here): “I stumble”. In the apodosis of the condition, τις is the unexpressed subject of the negated present οὐ προσκόπτει. 

ὅτι is causal (“because”). 

τὸ φῶς, modified by descriptive genitive τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, is the direct object of the present βλέπει (from βλέπω). τις is the unexpressed subject of the verb. “The light of this world” = “the sun” (EGGNT, CGT). 

11:10 

δέ is adversative (“but”). 

ἐάν + subjunctive forms the protasis of a third-class conditional statement. See note on ἐὰν in verse 9. 

The indefinite pronoun τις is the subject of the present subjunctive περιπατῇ (from περιπατέω) which is modified by the temporal prepositional phrase ἐν τῇ νυκτί. 

τις above is the unexpressed subject of the present προσκόπτει (from προσκόπτω “I stumble”; see note on v. 9) in this single-word apodosis. τις is the unexpressed subject of the verb. 

ὅτι is causal (“because”). 

τὸ φῶς is the subject of the negated present οὐκ ἔστιν (from εἰμί) which is modified by the spatial prepositional phrase ἐν αὐτῷ, referring to τις. NIV: “they have no light”. CGT: ‘the meaning has slid from the literal to the figurative.’

[edatascience]

What are they? Pandas, MatPlotLib, Scikit-Learn, Jupyter Notebook... Python Libraries

When you first go into data science, you will hear terminologies or words like Pandas, MatPlotLib, Scikit-Learn, Jupyter Notebook… What are they? They are confusing. They are Python Libraries.

This article will describe on what is Pandas, MatPlotLib, Scikit-Learn, Jupyter Notebook and what are their differences.

For Data Mining process, we usually use CRISP DM data mining process:

Extracted from: https://www.datascience-pm.com/crisp-dm-2/

Data Mining process steps includes Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, Deployment.

- Business Understanding step - we need to understand the business and establish the question we need to answer for the data mining

- Data Understanding step - we need to understand the data. We can use statistics such as descriptive, regression analysis to understand the data.

- Data Preparation step - it is the cleaning of the data and we can remove duplicates here.

- Modeling step - we create clustering models, prediction models, classification models.

- Evaluation step - we evaluate which models is more accurate and select.

- Deployment steps - we can create data products.

For Data Science, at the Deployment steps, we create data products for businesses. We can create softwares that predicts something. In the table, the goal is to build data products for a business.

For Data Mining, at the Deployment steps, we create reports or PowerPoints slides on our results. In the table, the goal is to extracting important information.

Read More on CRISP DM: http://edatascience.great-site.net/2023/03/08/what-is-crisp-dm/

Pandas

Pandas is a open source tools for data science. Pandas is a fast, powerful, flexible data manipulation libraries for Python Programming. Pandas is used in Data Preparation step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Pandas:

- has fast and efficient dataframe object for data manipulation

- can read and write csv file, excel, sql, databases files

- can reshape and pivot dataset

- can slice, index, subset dataset

- can be allow columns be inserted or deleted

- can aggregate and transform dataset

- can merge and join of dataset

SciPy

- SciPy is a open source tools for data science. SciPy is a Python Library provides algorithms for optimization, integration, interpolation, algebraic equations, differential equation, statistics. SciPy is used in Data Understanding step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

SciPy allows us to calculate:

- Descriptive statistics (mean, kurtosis, mode, skew, standard deviation, pearson correlation, …)

- Inferential statistics (TTest, Chi Square, Wilcoxon, Kruskal, friedman, shapiro test for normality)

MatPlotLib

- MatPlotLib is a open source tools for data science. MatPlotLib is a Python library for creating interactive data visualizations. MatPlotLib is used in Data Understanding step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

MaPlotLib:

- can create publication quality plots

- create interactive plots that can zoom and pan

- customize visual and style of plots

- export plots to many file formats.

Scikit Learn

Scikit Learn is a open source tools for data science. Scikit Learn is a Python library for predictive analytics. Scikit Learn is used in Modeling and Evaluation step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Scikit Learn:

- Classification: SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees

- Regression: Linear Regression, Logistics Regression, KNN

- Clustering: KMeans, Hierarchical Clustering

Jupyter Notebook

Jupyter Notebook is a open source tools for data science. Jupyter Notebook is for Python for creating reports. Jupyter Notebook is used in Deployment step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

If you want to learn more about data science, you can go to http://svbook.great-site.net/?i=1

SVBook Pte. Ltd. assists people to know What is Data Science, Text Analysis, Text Mining, Text Analytics, AI and Machine Learning, process of data, Data Mining to Insights Process using CRISP DM. Data Mining Process Steps includes Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, Deployment.

DSTK.Tech (https://dstk2.sourceforge.io/) creates tools and technologies for Data Science, develops open source tools for data science.

EMHAcademy (http://emhacademy.great-site.net/) offers courses to help people become Certified Data Scientist.

Thanks for readings.

Kind Regards,

Eric Goh

Reference

- https://pandas.pydata.org/about/

- https://matplotlib.org/

- https://scipy.org/

- https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html

- https://scikit-learn.org/stable/model_selection.html

- https://jupyter.org/

Read the full article

[libertymoon]

Relationship between Dissociative Experiences and Schizotypal Personality Traits: Mediating Role of Inferential Confusion - PubMed

[cygnusdoesthings]

January 10th; so many cacti. cactuses. cactiuses. MULTIPLE CACTUS!

(squints) CACTUS?? THERE ARE SO MANY TYPES WTF

Anyhoo! There are (checks notes).. mainly four? Cacti I will be talking about today, so this will be A Long Post. Are you all ready? Okay! As a blanket rule, cacti are generally under mars, element fire, which you'll see why later.

First off, the common cactus (cactaceae). This is the one that most of the Victorian-era mostly talked about- actually, that's not really... true, I guess, they mention everything except for the optunia, (editor cyg here; i'm a buffoon, i lied) I suppose. But!

I'm sure you know what cactuses are. If not, then... what are you doing here? Anyway. These are the 'trademark desert plant'. They're like camels, except a plant, and spiky.

Also, it's in a Dr Seuss book- oh, wait, camels are also in there. Stream of consciousness, am I right?

Anyhoo. They conserve the little bit of water they get. They're very cool.

I almost put a normal picture, until I remember this beautiful thing exists. Say hi to the middle finger cactus.

As 'cactus', it takes most of the fall for definitions. So. There's gonna be a few.

Including but not limited to: Ardent love, warmth, I burn, burn with love, chastity, endurance, lust, maternal love, protection, sex, you left me.

Told you there were many definitions. I had to look up what 'ardent' meant, so..

In most of the really old sources, it just means 'I burn' and 'warmth', but it's not clear whether this is referring to a prickly pear cactus or not, so better to err on the side of caution.

In more of the modern sources, it also means 'our love shall endure', which seems to be a more inferential definition (one that I can definitely get behind). Also coming with age is the definition 'endurance'.

html im coming for you (shakes my fist @ you) how do i do it in rich text hold on.

mobile viewers, you guys'll just have to suffer for this one, sorry. tumblr formatting can suffer in a hole.

The serpentine cactus (stenocereus eruca), or creeping devil cactus (as the term serpentine cactus is hardly used these days). As you can probably guess, from it's name and the fact that it includes 'serpent', this cactus is *not *the best of meanings. It gets it's name from the trailing roots it throws out, which resembles snakes.

It's commonly meaning 'horror' because of this. Modest genius, modest gain. Also, it's kinda terrifying. But also... DANGEROUSLY PHALLIC- yeah, okay, I'll leave. My bad.

(tw for uh. fuckin. snake cacti. yeah.)

Wow, okay, that's... uncomfortable. Oh, I hate that, hell.

The night-blooming cactus (selenicereus grandi-florus), also called the grand cactus, vanilla cactus, sweet-smelling cactus, is the one most talked about in Ye Olden Sources. It's gone through, like, so many scientific names, but I'll settle on this one.

So! This plant is called night-blooming because it's flowers open only at night. When they do, they emit a vanilla-like sweet scent, which 'reaches a considerable distance'. The flowers can be very large, spanning up to 5 feet.

Native to Jamaica, this plant's flowers open after dark, and close by the first light of dawn (I had to look that one up, because I had a bit of confusion as to why the Victorian sources said 'dies off completely'. Thanks, discernment.)

There are some medical stuff mixed in with the properties of this bitch, but I am SO not going to delve into that because a) too long b) too hard to explain. so with that in mind.

Night-blooming cactus: transient beauty. (Also grandeur, because of it's grandness. Is that a word? It is now.)

The prickly pear cactus (optunia ficus-indica)- possibly one you've seen as a 'stereotypical cactus', if ever that were a thing. It's shaped like- you guessed it- a pear. Huh. Weird (imagine me giving you the most sarcastic look rn).

There's actually not much backstory for this one, but it is unanimously agreed that it means 'satire'. Other sources mention it also as 'I burn', with another one quoting 'I did not forget'. Also, 'chastity' and endurance. Yeah, man, I don't know the flore (flower lore) either.

But! Here are some interesting tidbits, if you're so inclined.

"Opuntia is native to the Americas, with samples being brought home by the Spanish, where it spread from Spain to all parts of the Mediterranean and North Africa. • The Aztecs grew Opuntia for the purpose of harvesting the cochineal scale it would be infested with, using it to produce red dye that was eventually worth more than gold, to ultimately be the same scarlet dye that was used to to color the fabric used *for British soldiers’ “redcoat” uniforms."

^ obviously not my own my words. you really think i'm scholarly enough to type all that up? because i am.

Anyway. Prickly pear; satire, I burn, chastity, endurance.

Oh, and here are a couple of other species of cacti's definitions, but I'm not going to go deep into them, because this is already a long post.

Crab cactus (Schlumbergera russelliana)- Dependability, loyalty

Chainlike cactus (Cylindropuntia imbricata)- sentiments of honour, uprightness

Neoporteria cactus (Neoporteria paucicostata)- motivation

Noble star cactus (Stapelia nobilis)- compassion, service

Saguaro Cactus Blossom (Carnegiea gigantean) » will to live, inner wisdom, compassion, endurance, self-empowerment

I have a floriography blog! @bloomsong-from-a-swans-breath :D

[fountainpenchess]

so basically I just realized that I tend to do a lot of splitting and, at least in my case, is rotted in my extremely low self-esteem. I can't believe that people actually like me and if I get to believe it, they do something that hurts me and automatically I think they no longer care about me. my own self-concept also fluctuates like this depending if I act "good" or "wrong" according to my rigid standards for myself.

and it's... so ocd lol my need to control my actions and the way I tend to catastrophize situations (partly also thanks to inferential confusion) comes from this black-and-white thinking. it's exhausting because it makes me care too much about everything. I wish life was easier sometimes.

[kaznejis]

Shades of cool- Eddie Munson x Reader

Oneshot: Eddie and Y/N are friends, just friends- the foundations of their friendship built upon years of inferential bonding. Which is why there was no way in hell you would tell him about the embarrassingly long-term feelings you had always harboured for him.

word count: 3.4k

A/N: Or, in which I incorporate every cliche romance moment possible, I hope you enjoy them as much as I do! Feel free to send in any requests. :) 

Read it on ao3!

Tangle clots of hair drifted precariously into the sink’s basin, the owner of the now-reducing mane grimaced into the mirror; turning his melodramatic gaze towards you and the weapon clasped between your fingers.

The weapon being a pair of scissors.

The expensive kind, the kind women would receive in leather bound sets alongside essential oils and refined combs. The perfect essentials for those armed with the self-confidence of someone with the ability to cut their own hair- dodging the threat of botched ends and diagonal fringes.

“This cut is very overdue Ed,” you clicked your tongue, bunching a section of hair upwards and snipping at the ends as you spoke. A confident attempt to mimic your mothers’ tactics in maintaining her own perfected up-do. “I’m surprised you’ve been able to get away with not tying it back.”

He shrugged, his bared collarbones extracting with the movement. He had stubbornly opted to go without a towel, despite being freshly out of the shower and having one at hand. You were still debating over whether he had done so in order to catch your attention, or even in order to make you feel bad for wrestling him onto the closed toilet seat the moment he had managed to pull on a pair of pants. “Maybe I was avoiding being subjected to your torture, evil woman.”

Snorting, you smoothed out the freshened section of hair, moving around and combing out his fringe. You were met with the onslaught of direct eye-contact, forcing yourself to pull your eyes from his. You and Eddie were friends, not “just friends'', but friends. Despite the feelings you had harboured since he had saved you from the common case of bullying at the ripe age of 8, you had never made a move. Whilst you had soared alone, opting to focus on school and, well, your friendship with Eddie- you were aware that he had dated a multitude of people; whilst it had never evolved into anything serious, his eyes had never once drifted towards you.

Though there were moments.

Moments in which you considered that maybe Eddie did return your long-term feelings. Heated stares, too-long touches, the everlasting care and inclusion he showed towards you even upon the creation of The Hellfire Club- Eddie’s own development of overnight fame within Hawkins High, despite the potential of infamy.

Or, moments like right now. Eddie seated upon your toilet seat, fresh out of the shower and completely topless- tattoos and gorgeous imperfections exposed to your discreetly greedy eyes. Or even you, wearing nothing but a slightly-exposing nightgown; your hair pinned up and legs bare.

You could do nothing but laugh at his previous words, your throat feeling tight with the closeness of his warm front and the possibility of his returned feelings. He cocked his head, furrowing his brows slightly at you.

“Not going to fight back, princess? What’s gotten into you?”

You shook your head, smiling shallowly as you delivered the last cuts to his fringe. “Just tired, I think.”

“You think?” he furrowed his eyebrows further, a potential attempt to read further into your expression. A slight hint of worry marred his features. Though before he could utter a word, you departed, turning away to pack up the hair-cutting utensils and begin your nighttime routine.

“I’m positive, so I think I’m going to head to sleep.”

Eddie rose slowly, clearly confused by your hasty exit, “I thought we were going to watch a movie?”

His puppy-dog-eyes bore into yours, infecting the depths of your soul. The two of you mirrored each other, standing in some unspoken standoff. “Yeah- I just, I’m tired,” you nodded, piecing together the fabricated fragments of your nervous breakdown, “we need to be up for school tomorrow anyway.”

He nodded, his tongue poking the side of his cheek in bemusement, “school tomorrow, sure.”

“What?” you wined, his sarcastic tone clawing into your facade.

“Nothing it’s just-” pausing, he ran his tongue along his bottom lip, “I thought you really wanted to see this movie. I got it on tape for you and everything.”

Wrapping your arms around your figure, you sighed and spun towards your bedroom, unable to meet Eddie’s doe eyes, “I’m sure we can watch it another time, I just want to go to bed, Ed.”

As your bare feet resounded against the carpet throughout your departure, your rapt hearing listened as Eddie followed behind you, keeping a marginal distance as if following a wild dog. As you entered the room and sat upon your side of the bed, you watched as Eddie edged towards his usual side. “What’s wrong?”

“What’s wrong with me?” he laughed, his tone slightly sardonic, “I could be asking you the same question, one minute you're cutting my hair and the next you’re running away from me like I’m the-the devil or something!”

“I didn’t run away.”

“Yes, you did sweetheart.”

“Okay- well, I told you I’m tired. I had a long day at school.”

“Did something happen?”

“No,” you groaned from the depths of your pillow, “just leave it, Ed.”

“Okay,” he grumbled from his now-claimed spot seated against the headboard, his arms crossed in agitation. The position caused the veins lining his arms to pop slightly, the muscles twisting a path from his still-bared chest. “Let me get this straight, you want to watch this movie for weeks- going as far to completely clear both of our schedules for tonight, only to decide that you want to sleep?”

“Yep.”

“Right,” Eddie slid down onto the twin pillow then, covering his chest with your duvet and turning away from you, “Goodnight then.”

Rolling your eyes, you stare at the outline of his back in the dark- the faint constellations of light freckles and the stray curls that had managed to escape your makeshift cut gazed back at you. You squeezed your eyes shut, huffing into your pillow and curling up- ensuring that not the merest inch of skin made contact with his. Though, the warmth of his body prevailed, sinking into your bare legs and creating a buzzing sensation within the air; the static of tension fizzling throughout the room. You hoped Eddie wasn’t aware of the inner turmoil happening beside him, the whole reason for your change in mood being the harsh confrontation of your long-term, and borderline embarrassing, feelings towards him.

-

You slept sluggishly, your consciousness weighed down by your own stubbornness and inability to express your feelings. Like a normal human being. You weren’t sure if Eddie’s state of sleep had been as inept as yours, he had remained a warm lump beside you between the intervals of sleep; even breathing silently, as if frightened of probing you and causing further arguments.

Well, he remained a warm lump beside you until you awoke for the third time, his arm slung across your waist and his lips at the base of your neck.

You froze, your entire body seizing up and trembling all at once. Eddie snuffled, a warm gust of air caressing the ramrod hairs at the back of your neck. As he breathed, his lips sunk into your neck; a wet spot forming in their place.

Holding your breath, you squeezed your eyes closed- listening out for his own breathing pattern. Eddie was asleep, he had to be asleep. There was no way he was macking up against your neck right now, especially after the awkwardness of the previous night. You had to make a move now, you had to get out of the bed and make a hasty escape as soon as possible.

As you shifted, the press of his bare chest and nipples rubbed against the back of your thin nightgown, a groan eliciting from his mouth as your backside grinded perfectly against well-

Against his cock.

If he was going to wake up at any point in this affair, it would be now. You opted to leap out of bed, enacting a hasty escape from the suddenly-too-hot room and into the hallway. Pressing yourself against the wall, your chest rose exasperatedly as you listened to the sounds of Eddie waking, the short stretch of his arms and the twist of the bed sheets conveying confusion.

“Y/N?” he called groggily, “What’s going on?”

“Uh-” you replied clumsily, walking towards the bathroom, “I think it's that time of the month I just had to check.”

The sound of a body collapsing into bed resounded throughout the hallway, tracks covered. “You need anything?”

Ever the knight in shining armour, “No,” the smile was prevalently evident in your voice, “I think it was just a false alarm, I’ll be fine.”

“TMI.” he groaned, the sound of a pillow hitting his face could be heard.

“Damn Ed, I’m surprised you aren’t interested in the inner workings of a woman’s body, since you’re usually so obsessed.”

A pause, “and what the hell is that supposed to mean?”

“I- ''you froze, what did you mean by that? “Well- you always seem to have a revolving door of girls, I would know.”

He laughed, you listened as he rose from the bed and stalked towards the bathroom, “you would know? Y/N what has gotten into you?”

You shrugged, turning to occupy your hands by arranging your hair.

“Is this to do with what happened last night?” he continued, leaning against the door frame and crossing his legs, “have I done something to upset you?”

“No.” you mumbled stubbornly, refusing to meet his gaze.

He nodded, poking his cheek with his tongue- a mirror of his antagonised expression the previous night, “Okay. Well ever since you cut my hair you have been acting real crazy, so what the hell is going on?”

He was right. But he couldn’t know. The intimacy of cutting his hair, standing mere inches from him had been too real. A teasing glance at what you couldn’t have, the possibility of him raising his hands to your hips as you sunk your fingers into his hair, clambering into his lap as you would forgo cutting his hair for making out. You would never have any of that, the foundations of your friendship were too deep for you to suddenly blurt that you wanted him to stop seeing other people, to be more than just his strictly platonic best friend.

“Nothing,” you resumed your stubborn tone, “I need to get ready for school.”

“Y/N-” Eddie groaned, righting you in place by grabbing you by the shoulders, “I’m sure school can wait five minutes, please just tell me what’s wrong.” His eyes were sad now, curving at the edges as his mouth and brows followed. You closed your eyes, avoiding the hypnotic aura of his gaze and escaping his grasp.

“I need to get ready for school,” you paused, turning towards him before you could completely walk away, “and so do you.”

Later, tucked into the furthest corner of his truck’s passenger seat- you and Eddie sat in abject silence as he drove; unspoken tension thick in the air. For him, it was probably a major case of confusion. But you were aware of every movement, the slightest tightening upon the wheel, the shift of his leg, the rustling of his denim jacket.

Every breath, every single movement.

This was your torture, why did this have to suddenly happen? You had survived years successfully ignoring your feelings, kicking them to the side and further burying them into the depths of the Earth. You had managed to dismiss every touch, every smile, every laugh.

But now? It felt like you would explode at the slightest touch.

“Hey, princess?” a heated, slightly calloused hand made contact with the stretch of thigh beneath your shorts, “we’re here.”

You leapt from the car and his touch, snatching your bag and running a hand through your hair- an attempt to appear feasibly sane despite the rewinding of skin-to-skin contact within your mind. “Yeah- I see. Great.” he stared at you sceptically, “okay well- I’m going to head to class.”

Ignoring his confused calls, you marched towards the school entrance; intertwining yourself into the crowd without looking back, an efficient way of avoiding the most adept attackers. Your backpack bounded against your back as you bee lined towards your locker, groaning into the cool metal as you reached it.

“Y/N, what the hell are you doing?”

“Harrington,” you turned, meeting Steve’s bemused gaze, “what the hell do you want? I thought your days were devoted to prowling the hallway for ‘babes’ these days.”

He laughed, leaning against the locker beside yours; cocking his head slightly, “that’s exactly what I’m doing.”

You snorted, cringing slightly as the two of you broke into a fit of giggles, “in your dreams, Harrington.”

“True, true.” he grinned, though his gaze quickly turned sincere, “But, what actually is up? There’s no way you had your face pressed against your locker for the fun of it.”

Your eyes sunk to the curling of your fingers as you rested your back against the locker, “Eddie.”

“Ah. Who’s that asshole dating now?”

You punched him in the chest as he clicked his tongue, presumably shaking his head at the ongoing turmoil of your situation, “No, no. It’s not that I just- can’t do this unrequited love thing anymore.”

“Oh, so it’s love?”

“Steve.”

“Come on Y/N,” he sighed, ruffling his hair as he eyed the others in the hallway, “you know what I think.”

“Go on.”

“You need to tell him.”

Shaking your head, you spun to open your locker- inputting the combination and retrieving your books, “didn’t you literally get rejected? By Robin?”

“Yes,” he gritted, sauntering beside you as headed towards your first class, “and that turned out fine, our friendship hasn’t been affected at all- believe me.”

“You don’t get it Steve, me and Ed have been friends for years. There would be no coming back from a love confession, especially one of my fervour.”

He opted to roll his eyes, throwing an arm around your shoulder, “well, if all goes terribly I’ll always take his place as your best friend. As long as you don’t tell Robin, that is.”

You laughed, throwing your head back and posing a slideshow to other students- the majority of them eyeing Steve’s arm around your shoulder. “Thanks Steve, you’ve made me feel way better. Seriously.”

“Better enough to tell him?”

“Hell no.”

As the two of you strolled down the hallway, multiple areas of your bodies intertwined- a set of eyes eyed you from his spot at the end of the hallway, his grip on a petrified freshmen loosening as his entire body went slack.

-

“Hey- try not to force yourself on to loverboy too much!” Robin jeered as her and Steve separated from you, earning them a swift middle finger and the shake of a head.

Your day had continued as normal, though your direct efforts to avoid Eddie were becoming obvious. On multiple occasions you had turned the other way in the hallway, opting to take the longer route in favor of avoiding having to speak to him. During lunchtime, you had raptly avoided his stare from his spot at the head of the Hellfire Club’s table- his performances seemed more desperate, his voice louder and movements more pronounced. Steve had joked that he was trying to catch your attention, both his and Robins’ gazes flitting between the two of you. Meanwhile, you had stared determiningly down at your food, directing the conversation towards anything else and pretending you weren’t listening to Eddie’s every word.

He had not been successful in directly approaching you yet, though you knew it would only be time. He knew where you lived after all.

As this thought crossed your mind, you felt yourself being dragged into an empty classroom as a hand clamped upon your mouth, silencing any noise. You thrashed kicking your legs as you felt yourself being dragged into the room and deposited into a chair. As the blackening within your vision cleared, you watched as a figure stalked towards the door and turned the lock.

“What the f-” the figure returned, shushing you and crouching in front of you.

Your attacker appeared to be Eddie, his hair mussed and clothes slightly askew, this was due to your defensive attack though no explanation posed itself for the stress lining his gorgeous features.

“Why do you look upset?” you spat, glaring at your best friend as he stared resolutely into your eyes, “I thought I was about to be kidnapped.”

“Why didn’t you tell me?”

You froze, fear creeping up your throat as you processed his words. “Uh- I- tell you what?”

“You and Harrington.”

You breathed, the statement easing your fears in a twisted way- he didn’t know.

“Me and Harr-” you gasped, shaking your head in confusion as the actual meaning of his words settled in, “what the hell are you talking about?”

Eddie cleared his throat, his features angry, “don’t act stupid, princess. If your little boyfriend isn’t comfortable with our friendship, you should’ve just told me.” he continued at your confused gaze, “you didn’t need to act all crazy, if we shouldn’t be friends anymore just grow a pair and tell me, I’m a big boy aren’t I?”

“Eddie, what?” you stuttered, “what gave you the impression that me and Steve are together.”

“I saw the two of you.” he sniffed, chewing the corner of his lip as he avoided your gaze, “laughing and wrapped around each other in the hallway earlier- it made sense as to why you’ve been acting so weird and avoiding me all day.”

He whispered the next sentence, turning away from you and laughing to himself, “and to think I thought you liked me back.”

Immediately you shot up, gaining his attention as you breathed heavily, “Ed, me and Steve are not together!” you were frantic now, crowding into him as the shock at his words almost choked you, “just friends, nothing more.”

“Oh.”

“Yeah.”

He sat down then, sighing as he settled into the chair- his gaze warming as he stared at you, “you heard what I just said, didn’t you?” he wiped a hand over his face, hiding his eyes beneath his hair, “hey. I- if you don’t like me back I get it I mean, you see me as this complete man whore but I promise you Y/N, I only ever did anything with them to get over you and it never worked, never. All I could think about was you and I usually end up being a complete dick to them. And I-” he paused, shaking his head and beginning to stand up; supposedly seeing your silence as an answer despite his rambling monologue. “I’m gonna go I- just know I’ve always loved you Y/N.”

He turned towards the door, shrinking into himself as he headed towards it. Though, before his hand could make contact with the doorknob you grabbed him by the shoulder- manhandling him to face you and pressing your lips to his. He responded immediately, cupping your throat with his hands and slipping his tongue between the seam of your lips. You dug your hands into the curls of hair at the base of his skull, stumbling slightly as he pushed you backwards and up onto the nearest desk. The two of you separated, sharing frantic gusts of breath as he settled between your open legs and sunk to press open mouthed kisses to your neck, cupping your thigh and groaning into the damp skin of your throat.

“You have no idea how long I’ve wanted this,” he mumbled between kisses, his fingers toying with the hem of your shorts as you wrapped your hands around his neck; nodding as a haze formed within your mind.

Though as the shock wore, your amusement rose as you became increasingly aware of the bizarre nature of your situation. You laughed, pressing a hand to your mouth as you let out an embarrassing squeak. Eddie froze at the sound before breaking into a fit of giggles, collapsing against your chest and completely letting go.

“I never imagined our first kiss would, well, be in a dingy school classroom.”

“Oh, yeah?” Eddie rose, smirking at you with swollen lips and ruffled hair, “what did you have in mind, princess?”

You shrugged, biting your lip and swinging your legs slightly, “I don’t know, a moonlit picnic? A hidden rendezvous in the cinema?”

He kissed you swiftly, cupping your cheeks and smushing them together, “how about Friday night, sweetheart?”

[okyio-archive]

YOU ARE SUCH A SWEET BEAN I WANNA BE FRIENDS WITH U OMG U R SUCH AN INSPIRATION

!!! awH nonny :’+) tysm for cheering me up??! im really stressed out rn (have a psyc final on friday buT im not doing so hot ah ha haaa) but thank you for putting a smile on my face before i sleep :’+) ! aND ofc!! we can def be friends !! but i’ll be a slow replier until after friday cause im studying bUT i love making friends - i dont bite :’+) !!! ily nonny + please have a great day/night!!

[tanadrin]

This is a much smaller complaint, but: why when talking with ppl they know don’t share assumptions about politics and history that they take as axiomatic, and probably aren’t as thoroughly steeped in their flavor of scholarship, do dogmatic lefty types insist on using a whole bunch of ML-specific jargon, like they just got their hands on Uncle Friedrich’s Tankie Thesaurus? At best you have to know that’s going to cause confusion, if not cause ppl to dismiss you outright. Even most fundies know you gotta make at least a minimal effort to bridge the inferential gap if you wanna convince anybody of anything.

[rad4learning]

Thank you for your response. It seems that we still differ on our interpretations but I truly do appreciate you taking the time to explain why you concluded as you did. So that you can see where I am coming from, I will outline some of the reasons I believe the second study does not provide support for the conclusion. Note that the context for the authors suggesting that the difference is due to being underpowered is in this context: "However, we fail to reject a test of the null hypothesis that the coefficients for husband’s illness onset and wife’s illness onset are equal (p = .1532). This post hoc test represents a formal test of a gender difference in the relationship of illness onset and divorce. Our failure to reject this hypothesis suggests that there is truly no gender difference in the relationship between illness onset and divorce. However, given that divorce is relatively rare in this population, an alternative explanation is that the study is under-powered for such a test."

I think if you are going to go with "the results were still suggestive of this conclusion" for a p value more than three times alpha, what is the point of using (frequentist, inferential) statistics at all to support your points for any study? Here the result of the test is that you cannot establish that there is a true difference. This applies regardless of whether there is a true difference and the sample size was just too small to find it, that difference was not found. To use statistical significance to support female illness being meaningful for divorce, while ignoring it when it fails to conclude there is any difference between male and female illness in divorce initiation seems an odd approach to me.

Speaking of female illness as a predictor of divorce, note that the marginal effect calculated was 0.01. For male illness as a predictor of divorce, the marginal effect was 0.00 (no surprise then, that it was not found to be significant). Given this tiny difference of 0.01 in marginal effects, is it so surprising that the difference between the coefficients was not statistically significant? Is this really that suggestive that the non-significant result was an artifact of small sample size and that wife's illness is a meaningful predictor of divorce while men's isn't?

We then see that having failed to find significant difference between divorce onset following husband's or wife's illness, the authors go hunting for a difference in different types of illness.

Taking this approach, they manage to find a difference in gender for heart disease only. They report a 2% increased probability of divorce followed wife's heart at (p<0.05). Note the lack of applying any correction for type one error even though they failed to find significance when analysing the diseases together. This result should not be interpreted as confirmatory of there being a gendered difference in illness onset predicting divorce due to this issue. --- Of course I agree that replication is important etc. On your comment about severe illness, given that cancer data (and yes MS as well)* is being used for this, it is worth noting that cancer is an episodic illness. I am not saying that the hypothesis I proposed is necessarily the case, only that an association between wife's illness and divorce is not necessarily evidence of husband's divorcing sick wives and there could be alternate explanations. Obviously husbands leaving wives would present as that pattern & I do think it's reasonable to look at separation and not just restrict your search to husband-initiated separation - but I also think it's an important limitation. * given that you said severe illness I read that as you not just talking about MS & hence, given what your data was on, also talking about cancer, which you said 3 was on [with a contradictory result to your conclusion], hence my confusion on this point. 3 being more limited in scope than I initially thought makes this make more sense. I would argue that a conclusion does not need to be drawn in this case but certainly there's no need for you to agree with me on that. I have written much more than I intended to but I do think I have more clarity on your stance and why you hold it now - so thank you :)

do you have anything for men leaving or cheating on their pregnant/sick wife? thank you in advance

Thank you for this ask anon! I had heard anecdotes about this topic, but never delved into academic literature before now so I learned a lot researching this!

The research is somewhat limited, but I believe I have the salient points.

---

Divorce and Illness

This article [1] is the most striking of the sources I found. Physicians at cancer center noted that -- as they treated years of patients -- men were often divorcing their terminally ill wives, but the reverse generally didn't occur. Despite this, the general literature at the time suggested that cancer diagnoses don't affect divorce rates. Given this discrepancy, they completed their own study (on patients with a brain tumor, non-brain tumor, or multiple sclerosis) and found that "divorce or separation occurred at a rate similar to that reported in the literature (11.6%) ... [but there was] a greater than 6-fold increase in risk after diagnosis when the affected spouse was the woman (20.8% vs 2.9%; P < .001)." In other words, serious illness onset didn't appear to affect divorce rates, only because men's tendency to divorce their sick wives was offset by women's reduced likelihood of divorcing their sick husbands. I should note, however, that this result may be (at least partially) unique to severely ill patients.

This study [2] indicates that "only measures of wife’s illness onset are associated with elevated risk of divorce", however, due to several factors, the study is under-powered and cannot draw definitive conclusions.

This research review [3] suggests cancer diagnosis doesn't affect divorce/separation rates, but appears to be involve mainly non-terminal patients. This is not necessarily a disadvantage; they are simply addressing different populations: a smaller population of severely ill individuals vs a larger general community population. This may suggest that men (the ones who would divorce their sick wives) are initiating divorce because they see their wives as a "lost cause" (i.e., once they are no longer able to exploit their wives as a resource, they abandon them).

A bit of good news is that, overall, the majority of marriages don't end in divorce when either partner gets sick. That being said, this literature review [4] found "spousal caregivers of cancer patients suffered from physical, psychological, and socioeconomic morbidities, with female spousal caregivers reporting a higher level of distress". As such, when partnerships are retained, female caregivers tend to be more negatively affected than male caregivers.

The literature here was limited in that there's relatively few studies on the topic (and even fewer that disaggregate results by sex), most of the literature is focused only on cancer, and only divorce/separation has been studied (I couldn't find anything on infidelity during illness). That being said, the data that does exist confirms the anecdotal evidence shared by practitioners, patients, and other family of patients.

There is similar anecdotal evidence about men cheating on their very ill wives, so I would guess that if a study is ever performed on this topic it would provide similar results. (To be clear, however, I am claiming that this is definitely true, only that it is a reasonable hypothesis given prior results. It would also be significantly more difficult to perform a study on this topic; divorce rates are relatively easy to measure given their public nature, in contrast, infidelity could only be measured by self-report which - for obvious reasons - is much less likely to be reliable.)

---

Infidelity and Pregnancy

So, while the previously mentioned issues with studying infidelity do exist, there are still some researchers that study the phenomenon.

Unsurprisingly, men are substantially more likely to cheat than women [5, 6]. This study [6] indicates that, controlling for other demographics, men had a 120% higher likelihood of cheating than women. Part of this is explained by "value differences" that is, "because men’s sexual values are more permissive*, men faced fewer impediments to infidelity", and were, therefore, more likely to cheat. *They measured permissiveness by asking participants to rate how much they believe infidelity is wrong, on a scale ranging from "always wrong" to "not wrong at all".

For pregnancy specifically, this study [7] found that "wives’ pregnancy also increased the risk of infidelity for husbands". Specifically, they found that men had a 4.43 times higher odds of cheating when their wife was pregnant. (Take note that the study is a cross sectional design: this result comes from comparing the frequency of cheating for a group of men who's wives were pregnant vs a group of men who's wives were not pregnant, not a single group of men over time.)

Interestingly, dissatisfaction moved men's predicted odds of cheating in opposite directions when their wife was pregnant. That is: men's predicted odds of cheating when their wife was not pregnant was 2.8% for those "high in dissatisfaction" compared to 1.2% for those "low in dissatisfaction". When their wife was pregnant this increased to 11.9% for those high in dissatisfaction, and decreased to 0.2% for those low in dissatisfaction.

This relationship was confirmed by a research review [8], but overall there is limited research on the topic.

I also can't find any good statistics on the percentage of men who leave their pregnant partner, but the Pew Research Center [9] indicates that 27% of children in the USA "live apart" from their father (compared to 8% that live apart from their mother). When fathers live apart from their children, 27% of them do not visit and and additional 21% see them less than once a month. In addition, 31% of fathers who live apart from their children call or email their child less than once a month. Notably, these results appear to be self-report by the parent ... so it likely doesn't include men who are unaware they have a child. (It is possible they captured these cases via the child's mother; their methodology is somewhat unclear on this point.) The Census Bureau [10] describes similar results, indicating that 1 in 5 fathers are “absent” dads of all of their minor children.

---

Overall, men are significantly more likely to leave their ill wives compared to women leaving ill husbands, although this tendency may primarily apply to patients who are severely, chronically, or terminally ill. Women's pregnancy raises the odds of men's infidelity, but this effect may be limited to men who were/are "dissatisfied" with their relationship. Men are also much more likely to be uninvolved with their children than women.

I hope this helps you anon!

References below the cut:

Glantz, Michael J., et al. “Gender Disparity in the Rate of Partner Abandonment in Patients with Serious Medical Illness.” Cancer, vol. 115, no. 22, Nov. 2009, pp. 5237–42. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24577.

Karraker, Amelia, and Kenzie Latham. “In Sickness and in Health? Physical Illness as a Risk Factor for Marital Dissolution in Later Life.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 56, no. 3, Sept. 2015, pp. 420–35. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146515596354.

Fugmann, Dominik, et al. “A Systematic Review: The Effect of Cancer on the Divorce Rate.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, Mar. 2022. Frontiers, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828656.

Ng, Janet H. Y., et al. “Gender Differences in Cancer Spousal Caregiving: A Systematic Review.” Palliative & Supportive Care, vol. 21, no. 5, Oct. 2023, pp. 880–89. Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951523000731.

Blow, Adrian J., and Kelley Hartnett. “INFIDELITY IN COMMITTED RELATI0NSHIPS II: A SUBSTANTIVE REVIEW.” Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, vol. 31, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 217–33. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01556.x.

Treas, Judith, and Deirdre Giesen. “Sexual Infidelity Among Married and Cohabiting Americans.” Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 62, no. 1, Feb. 2000, pp. 48–60. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00048.x.

Whisman, Mark A., et al. “Predicting Sexual Infidelity in a Population-Based Sample of Married Individuals.” Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 21, no. 2, 2007, pp. 320–24. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.320.

Haseli, Arezoo, et al. “Infidelity and Its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 16, no. 8, Aug. 2019, pp. 1155–69. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.04.011.

Gretchen Livingston, and Kim Parker. “A Tale of Two Fathers.” Pew Research Center, 15 June 2011, https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2011/06/15/a-tale-of-two-fathers/.

Monte, Lindsay M. “‘Solo’ Dads and ‘Absent’ Dads Not as Different as They Seem.” The Two Extremes of Fatherhood, United States Census Bureau, 5 Nov. 2019, https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/11/the-two-extremes-of-fatherhood.html.

[reticentshugyosha]

On Takemusu Aiki, Judo’s Maxims, and Inferential Hypnosis

In October of 1930 the founder of Judo, Dr. Jigoro Kano paid a visit to the mystic and martial arts master Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido at the Meijiro Dojo. Upon witnessing Ueshiba’s technique, and in particular Ueshiba’s ease in handing out techniques to some of Kano’s top students it is recorded that Kano exclaimed “This is the ideal budo — true Judo!” Following this, Kano went as far as requesting that Ueshiba take on a few of his top students and allow that they routinely report back and share their training with him. Ueshiba obliged.

Today, Judo remains one of, if not the most respected of the traditional martial arts in the face of modern mixed martial arts training methods. Aikido on the other hand is probably the least, that is to say when it is even regarded as a martial art rather than an obscure system of physical culture on par with the likes of Tai Chi. There seems to be many reasons for this, not the least of which is that Judo went the way of negotiating the cinch, whereas Aikido remained hyper focused on relating to classical sword work, albeit often in an empty hand fashion.

In Aikido the focus of the day tends to be negotiating an infinite array of static wrist grabs (big concerns for a swordsman seeking to deploy a blade, and for opponents seeking to seize such deployment), and when not static wrist grabs then overhead striking maneuvers mimicking the downward, diagonal, and horizontal cuts of a sword. In other words, physical methods that are seldom encountered in the modern world, or even in the dojo with the amount of intent and energy to allow them to become dynamic rather than static initiations of technique.

To be clear the foundational techniques and principles of Aikido are remarkably well curated, condensing the knowledge of Daitoryu Aikijutsu (especially) into a workable system of concepts that can manipulate the human physiology quite well, to varied effects ranging from gentle neutralization (the ideal) to more dramatic arresting outcomes. However, in many Aikidojo, the focus tends to veer too quickly to what O’sensei Ueshiba called Takemusu Aiki.

Takemusu Aiki is a most advanced stage of Aiki training and cultivation wherein technique is spontaneously birthed rather than repetitiously learned. Here concerns for physiology and kinesiology are ultimately transcended, not for a lack of regard but for their integration and incorporation at more and more minute levels overtime, allowing for an almost magical expression of subtle technique in both look and feel. Arguably at this level techniques incorporate as much psychology as physiology, in blending with and manipulating the spirit (literally the psyche) and intent of the opponent or training partner. For this to be possible, though, intent must be present.

Ultimately Kano’s Judo is founded upon two central maxims, namely minimal effort with maximal result, and mutual welfare and benefit for all. These apply equally to the dojo environment as they may to the so-called real world, and perhaps can contextually help Aikido reclaim a respectable place as a “true Budo.”

Kano’s maxims have always been applied in a milieu of live training, that is of dynamic initiations with appropriate intention and resistance. In this environment relatively few Aikidoka can manifest efficacious foundational technique let alone true Takemusu Aiki. This goes to say that more time should be spent in the relentless pursuit of basic waza in increasingly dynamic circumstances, which means less time negotiating the seeming intricacies of static wrist grabs. Ultimately dynamic, live practice of the fundamentals is the only thing that can give yield to the spontaneous and authentic expression of Takemusu Aiki, which is frequently confused in this day and age with physical culture oriented parlor tricks, and more insidiously with mutual inferential hypnosis.

Takemusu Aiki is an extension of Shugyo - daily training of sufficient austerity to give rise to total integration of mind and body, wherein spirit manifests and transcends the limits of our conceptual engagement with practice. For this to be possible, though, for practice to eventually manifest as Shugyo one should break a sweat and push through the limits of boredom that will eventually accompany a relatively small number of principles expressed as techniques, engaged over, and over, and over again. In this, resistance and intention are the true bedfellows of Shugyo.

~Sunyananda

[edatascience]

What are they? dplyr, ggplot2, caret, RMarkDown… R Libraries

When you first go into data science, you will hear terminologies or words like dplyr, ggplot2, caret, RMarkDown… What are they? They are confusing. They are R libraries.

This article will describe on what is dplyr, ggplot2, caret, RMarkDown and what are their differences.

For Data Mining process, we usually use CRISP DM data mining process:

Based on: https://www.datascience-pm.com/crisp-dm-2/

Data Mining process steps includes Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, Deployment.

- Business Understanding step - we need to understand the business and establish the question we need to answer for the data mining

- Data Understanding step - we need to understand the data. We can use statistics such as descriptive, regression analysis to understand the data.

- Data Preparation step - it is the cleaning of the data and we can remove duplicates here.

- Modeling step - we create clustering models, prediction models, classification models.

- Evaluation step - we evaluate which models is more accurate and select.

- Deployment steps - we can create data products.

For Data Science, at the Deployment steps, we create data products for businesses. We can create softwares that predicts something. In the table, the goal is to build data products for a business.

For Data Mining, at the Deployment steps, we create reports or PowerPoints slides on our results. In the table, the goal is to extracting important information.

Read More on CRISP DM: http://edatascience.great-site.net/2023/03/08/what-is-crisp-dm/

dplyr

dplyr is a open source tools for data science. Dplyr is a data manipulation libraries for R Programming. Dplyr is a grammar for data manipulation, and provides a set of verbs to solve the most common data manipulation challenges. dplyr is used in Data Preparation step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Verbs of dplyr:

- mutate() add new variables based on some inputs

- select() picks variables based on some inputs

- filter() picks cases based on some inputs.

- summarise() reduces multiple values down to a single summary

- arrange() changes the rows

These all combine with group_by() which allows perform any operation by group.

Statistics

R is a open source tools for data science. R provides algorithms for statistics. R is used in Data Understanding step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

R allows us to calculate:

- Descriptive statistics (mean, kurtosis, mode, skew, standard deviation, pearson correlation, …)

- Inferential statistics (TTest, Chi Square, Wilcoxon, Kruskal, friedman, shapiro test for normality)

Ggplot2

Ggplot2 is a open source tools for data science. Ggplot2 is a R library for creating data visualizations. GGplot2 is used in Data Understanding step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Ggpplot2:

- Is based on Grammar of Graphics

- can create publication quality plots

- customize visual and style of plots

- export plots to many file formats.

Caret

Caret is a open source tools for data science. Caret is a R library for predictive analytics. Caret is used in Modeling and Evaluation step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Caret, short for Classification And Regression Training, contains tools for:

- data splitting

- pre-processing

- variable selection

- model tuning using resamling

- variable importance estimation

Models:

- Classification: SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees

- Regression: Linear Regression, Logistics Regression, KNN

RMarkDown

RMarkDown is a open source tools for data science. RMarkDown is for R for creating reports. RMarkDown is used in Deployment step of CRISP DM data mining process steps.

Reference:

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If you want to learn more about data science, you can go to http://svbook.great-site.net/?i=1

SVBook Pte. Ltd. assists people to know What is Data Science, Text Analysis, Text Mining, Text Analytics, AI and Machine Learning, process of data, Data Mining to Insights Process using CRISP DM. Data Mining Process Steps includes Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, Deployment.

DSTK.Tech (https://dstk2.sourceforge.io/) creates tools and technologies for Data Science, develops open source tools for data science.

EMHAcademy (http://emhacademy.great-site.net/) offers courses to help people become Certified Data Scientist.

Thanks for readings.

Kind Regards,

Eric Goh

Reference:

- https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/

- https://topepo.github.io/caret/

- https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/12/practical-guide-to-implement-machine-learning-with-caret-package-in-r-with-practice-problem/

- http://topepo.github.io/caret/available-models.html

- https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/

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