#george de saint mars

[anotherhumaninthisworld]

Were Danton and Camille really as close as almost every biography/novel/movie, etc. makes them out to be? For a long time I believed they were best friends, but I realize that I don't know much about what really happened (only that Camille mentioned him as a friend several times in his letters).

Sorry if a similar question has already been asked, and thank you for all your wonderful posts. I read each one with great interest.

Thank you! I’m throwing in their wives too for good measure.

As popular as the idea of Danton and Desmoulins being friends already before the revolution is among novelists (A Place of Greater Safety (1992) by Hilary Mantel, The Gods Are Thirsty (1996) by Tanith Lee) and even biographers (Danton (2012) by David Lawday, Georges-Jacques Danton (1987) by Frank Dwyer) I have not been able to discover any evidence indicating this to actually have been the case. The very first connection I’ve found between the two dates to December 12 1789, when Desmoulins for the very first time mentions Danton’s name in his recently founded journal Révolutions de France et de Brabant:

As I do not have the advantage of being from the illustrious Cordeliers District, I am addressing this motion [to make it forbidden to use the term Queen of the French in public acts] to it through this journal. I beg its worthy President M. d'Anton to propose it to the honorable members, to discuss it in their wisdom and address it to the fifty-nine others; I leave my motion on their desks, and I sign it... A Frenchman.

The second time Camille mentions Danton’s name in Révolutions de France et de Brabant is eleven numbers later (March 1 1790). In the number, Camille describes how he on February 24 for the very first time enters the Cordeliers club and enrolls himself as a member. The very same session, he, alongside Danton, Fabre d’Eglantine, Paré and Dufourny de Villiers are named commissioners for the editing of a report by the club requesting the construction of a building ”worthy the National Assembly” on the place of the destroyed Bastille. This is the earliest confirmed meeting between Danton and Desmoulins that I’ve been able to find.

By the end of the same month, in number 17 (March 20) and number 18 (March 29) of Révolutions de France et de Brabant, Camille loudly protests against the fact Danton (”this lustrous president of the Cordeliers district”) has been decreed under arrest by le Châtelet de Paris, accused of having threatened to ring the tocsin in order to mobilize the Faubourg Saint−Antoine for the defense of his district when the National Guard came by:

If you put on trial a citizen who has put forward an extravagant opinion in his district, you will therefore also have to put on trial, with much more reason, the judge who, in his company, has opined in an extravagant manner; it will therefore be necessary to hang the judge who will have sentenced to death an accused whom the majority will have absolved, since this judge will have approved the death of an innocent person, which is much worse than making an extravagant motion in a district.

Desmoulins brings up Danton in Révolutions de France et de Brabant a few more times throughout the rest of 1790, calling him both ”the lustrous Danton” (number 31, June 28, number 35, July 26) as well as the more bombastic ”the most robust athlete of the patriots, the only tribune of the people who could have been heard in the Champ-de-Mars, and with his voice rally the patriots around the tribune, the only man whose veto the aristocracy had to fear, and in whom it could have found both the Gracchi brothers and a Marius.” (number 44, September 27). When Danton in the fall is appointed judge at Saint-Germain, Camille celebrates (number 47, October 18):

The Philoctetes of Hercules, d’Anton, is also appointed judge at Saint-Germain. He is well worthy of sitting next to M. Le Grand de Laleu. Honor to the city of Saint-Germain! Based on these two choices we can only augur well for the others. I would be tempted to believe that our patriarch Robe did so many readings of his poem on the revolution there, that he inflamed all the voters with a patriotism which dictated to them these excellent choices. The Parisians, ungrateful, forgot in the elections Danton, and Abbé Fauchet, and Brissot, and Carra, and Manuel; but it seems that the surrounding districts were responsible for the recognition.

On December 27 1790 Danton, alongside twelve other well known ”patriots,” signed the Desmoulins couple’s wedding contract. He was however not present for the actual wedding ceremony two days later, something which I suppose could be read as implying he and Desmoulins were not that close yet. On the other hand, the way Desmoulins does describe his wedding witnesses in a letter to his father written five days later (”Péthion [sic] and Robespierre, the elite of the National Assembly, M. de Sillery who wanted to be there, and my two colleagues Brissot de Warville and Mercier, the elite among the journalists”), it almost sounds like he’s chosen them less out of friendship and more out of prestige, so maybe this doesn’t have to mean that much either… After the wedding, Camille and Lucile moved to Rue du Théâtre 1 (today Rue de l’Odeon 28) roughly a ten minute walk from the Dantons’ apartment on 20 cour du Commerce-Saint-André (today destroyed). The ease with which they would come and go between these two apartments will be seen through Lucile’s diary 1792-1793.

In number 63 (February 7 1791) of Révolutions de France et de Brabant, Camille celebrates the fact that ”the excellent patriot Danton” has become a member of the department of Paris — ”If there is only one patriot of this caliber in the 83 departments, all the projects of our enemies from within and without will fail against his firmness, his ascendancy, his vigilance and his incorruptibility.” In a letter to La Marck dated March 10 1791, Mirabeau claimed to ”have evidence Danton was behind (a fait faire)the latest number of Camille-Desmoulins,” which, regardless of whether the charge was true, suggests a certain closeness between the two at this point. In number 72 (April 11) Camille exclaims: ”how the true jacobin Danton made blush the adulators that his excellency had already found.” Two numbers after that (April 25), he celebrates Danton’s actions the 18th the same month, the day the royal family tried to leave for Saint-Cloud but was stopped by a mob. In the number, Camille writes that Danton told him how he on the day in question had found himself at the Departemnt when Bailly and La Fayette came there to demand permission to proclaim martial law and order the National Guards to fire on the crowd surrounding the royal family if necessary. Danton had successfully intervened and reduced them to silence. Camille praises this move in the number:

Courage, dear Danton! how much the patriotic writers must congratulate themselves today, who fought with obstinacy to praise you, and constantly nominated you for the votes of the people. By the parallel of your tribunitian eloquence, of your incorruptibility, of your masculine courage, with the academic and lachrymatory sentences of the courtier Bailly and his telescope which would have made us fall into the well with the astronomer in a scarf, continue to cover with shame all the citizens who gave him votes due to your patriotism.

In the same number, Camille also attributed to Danton and Kersaint an address placing the blame on what had happened on the 18th not on the people, but on the king: ”The same day the department of Paris presented the king with an address, the first, perhaps, which was written in the style of a free people. Also, it had been written by Danton and Kersaint: [transcription of the address].” According to Danton (1978) by Normann Hampson, Camille is however mistaken here, as the adress had actually been written by Talleyrand and Pastoret…

In the next number (May 2 1791) Camille writes the following, which I’m not sure how to interpret, but which Hervé Leuwers reads as assassins having been after both Camille, Danton and Fréron when the three were walking home a week earlier: ”I have learned that four assassins waited for me Tuesday evening (April 26), until midnight. Me, D’anton [sic] and the Orator of the People (Fréron).” In number 81 (June 18 1791) he lifts Danton, Garran de Coulon and Manuel as ”the candidates whom I would most strongly recommend to the 83 departments, for the next legislature.”

In number 82 (June 27 1791), Camille writes that, eleven o’clock in the evening of June 20, ”I was walking home from the Jacobins together with Danton and other patriots. We only saw but one patrol the whole way. Paris seemed so abandoned to me that night that I could not help but remark on it. One of us (Fréron according to Leuwers) who had in his pocket a letter which I will speak about, which warned him that the King had to leave that night, wanted to observe the castle, he saw M. Lafayette enter it at 11 o'clock.” The next morning, Paris woke up to the discovery that the royal family had indeed left the capital during the night. The very same day, Camille goes to the Jacobin club and arrives in the middle of Robespierre holding a speech about the current situation which moves him deeply. After him, Danton mounts the rostrum, and about the same time Lafayette enters the club. Danton delivers a speech blaming him for the king’s flight and asking he explains himself that Camille records in the journal. At the end of the speech, Alexandre Lameth rises to support Lafayette, recalling that he has always thought Lafayette would fall at the head of the patriots in case of a counter-revolution.

Danton came back to sit down next to me. Is it possible? I said to him. Yes, [he answered], and rising up, he confirmed that M. Alexandre Lameth had always said this to him about M. La Fayette. My blood boiled. I was tempted to cry out to Alexandre Lameth: you used very different language with me; and I declare that almost everything I wrote at La Fayette, I wrote, if not under your dictation, at least under your guarantee. But Danton held me back.

While all of this was going down, Lucile Desmoulins and Gabrielle Danton was staying at the apartment of the latter, something which we know through a letter Lucile wrote her mother on either June 24 or June 25, when the royal family had been captured and was on their way back to Paris. Unfortunately I have not been able to transcribe it in its entirety, but these are all the places mentioning Gabrielle that I could find:

…Ever since papa came with [warnings?] to us madame Danton and I have not left each other. I would have [gone crazy?] had I remained alone. These three days we have left [her place?] only at 9 o’clock [in the evening?] Sometimes people came to tell us that we were lost, and when we were told good news, madame Danton, her eyes filled with tears, threw herself around my neck. I’ve supped at her place during this time and [with?] all the patriots. […] Oh God o God, I’m going to send your beautiful  [p..?] to madame Danton.

On July 15 the Jacobins entrusted Brissot with writing a petition asking for the abdication of Louis XVI. The session was closed at midnight. Afterwards, Camille, Danton, Brune and La Poype all went over to Danton’s house to further discuss the petition (this was revealed by Brune in an interrogation held August 12 1791, published in number 34 (August 26) of the journal Gazette des nouveaux tribunaux). Two days later, the two were there once again, this time together with Fréron, Fabre, Santerre, Brune, Duplain, Momoro and Sergent-Marceau, and discussing the lynching of two men at the Champ-de-Mars the same morning, when, at nine o’clock, Legendre arrived and told the group that two men had come home to him and said: We are charged with warning you to get out of Paris, bring Danton, Camille and Fréron, let them not be seen in the city all day, it is Alexandre Lameth who engages this. Camille, Danton and Fréron follow this advice and leave, and were therefore most likely not present for the demonstration and shootings on Champ-de-Mars the very same day (this information was given more than forty years after the fact by Sergent-Marceau in volume 5 of the journal Revue rétrospective, ou Bibliothèque historique : contenant des mémoires et documens authentiques, inédits et originaux, pour servir à l'histoire proprement dite, à la biographie, à l'histoire de la littérature et des arts (1834)).

In the aftermath of the massacre on Champ de Mars, arrest warrants were issued against people deemed guilty for them. On July 22, the Moniteur reports that the journalists Suleau and Verrières have been arrested, and that the authorities have also fruitlessly gone looking for Fréron, Legendre, Desmoulins and Danton, the latter three, the journal assures, having already left Paris. Camille hid out at Lucile’s parents’ country house in Bourg-la-Reine together with Fréron, while Danton went to Arcis-sur-Aube, where he was sheltered by his friend Courtois, and then to Troyes (it’s also commonly stated he went to England during this period, but Hampson expresses some doubt over it). If Camille’s fellow journalist Louis Marie Prudhomme’s Histoire générale et impartiale des erreurs, des fautes et des crimes commis pendant la Révolution (1797) is to be believed, on August 14, Danton told Camille and Fabre d’Églantine: the ”b.... won't have me; rather they will all be exterminated first.”

The rather flimsy charges against Danton and Camille — Danton was accused of having cheered on a crowd demanding Lafayette’s head on June 21, Camille of having made incendiary remarks at Café Procope café, saying that it was necessary to shoot the national guards — were however dropped after about six weeks, and in September 1791 they were both back in Paris to stand for election to the Legislative Assembly. Neither did however get in. Camille had also had to resign as journalist in the aftermath of the massacre on Champ-de-Mars.

In Histoire des Montagnards (1847) Alphonse Esquiros writes that Albertine Marat had told him that her brother, Danton and Desmoulins ”liked to come together, from time to time, to rest their souls in the sweet serenity of nature”:

In this contrast of the noise of revolutions with the silence, with the serious serenity of a sunset, under the trees, at the water's edge, a league from Paris, the three friends then had before their eyes the two faces eternal aspects of the world, history and nature, God in movement and God at rest. Danton, this eloquent thunderbolt, this large head of a genius on which smallpox had left big marks, Danton ordered dinner. Whatever efforts one agreed to make during the frugal meal, to keep irritating subjects out of the conversation, one was obliged to go there at dessert; because the company was too preoccupied with the dangers of the State not to mix public affairs with their most personal conversations.

When the question of war in December 1791 became the main topic of discussion, both Danton and Desmoulins joined the minority that cautioned against it. Already on December 16, right after Brissot had held his very first speech in favour of the idea, Danton, while praising the speaker as an excellent patriot, objected to the thought of a war right at the moment — ”I want us to have war; it is essential. We must have war. But above all, we have to exhaust the means that could save us from it.” Ten days later, December 26, Desmoulins did him too deliver a speech against war. Four days after that, after Brissot had just finished his second speech on the subject, Danton and Robespierre both demanded a change be made to a passage when it got printed. Following this moment, it would however appear Danton abandons the question. Camille on the other hand released the pamphlet Jean Pierre Brissot démasqué in February 1792, mocking Brissot and painting him as a fool. Danton’s name got mentioned three times throughout, Camille calling him and Robespierre ”the best citizens.” Danton also got mentioned a total of eight times in the journal La Tribune des Patriots Camille and Fréron published from April to June the very same year, but not in any way that could give us more insight into their relationship.

In her memoirs, Manon Roland claims that Danton and Fabre d’Églantine in the summer of 1792 often came home to her. At one point Fabre told her that “We have a newspaper project which we will call Compte rendu au Peuple souverain, and which will present the picture of the last revolution. Camille Desmoulins, Robert, etc, work on it.” Manon suggested they bring it to her husband for him to subsidise it, something which the two apparently never did, and there was no more talk of the journal again.

On June 23 1792 Lucile starts keeping a diary. The first time any of the Dantons show up in it is already on Wednesday June 27 — ”Madame D(anton) came, we played music.” A few days later Lucile gives this rather odd account: ”My head is spinning. I was madame D(anton) after dinner.” The day after that, July 6, she gives birth to her first child, and a week later, Camille writes to tell his father that said child ”was immediately sent to a wetnurse in Isle-Adam, with the little Danton” (François-Georges, born February 2 1792). If Camille and Lucile made a conscious choice of sending their son to the same wetnurse as Georges and Gabrielle’s (perhaps on the suggestion of their friends) one can only speculate in.

A week after Camille wrote his letter, Lucile traveled to her parents’ country house in Bourg-la-Reine. On July 25 Camille writes to tell her that ”I was brought to Chaville this morning by Panis, together with Danton, Fréron, Brune, at Santerre’s” (letter cited within Camille et Lucile Desmoulins: un rêve de république). Lucile returned to Paris on August 8. In a diary entry written four months later she reveals that she, in the afternoon of August 9, together with others went over to the Dantons. ”Her mother was crying, she was sad, her father looked dazed. D(anton) was resolute. As for me, I was laughing like a madwoman! They feared that the affair [the insurrection of August 10] would not take place; although I was not at all sure, I told them, as if I knew it well, that it would take place. “But can we laugh too?” mde D(anton) said to me. ”Alas, I said to her, that presages to me that I will perhaps shed a lot of tears this evening!” At the end of the day, Lucile, Gabrielle (and others?) go home to Gabrielle’s mother to go for a walk and eventually sit down next to a cafe with her. When groups of sans-culottes and troops on horseback pass by, Lucile gets scared and tells Gabrielle that they should go. ”She laughed at my fear, but by dint of telling her, she too became scared and we left. I say to her mother: ”Farewell! You will soon hear the toscin sound!” The two go back to Gabrielle’s apartment, where a scared Lucile eventually admits to Camille she doesn’t want him to get involved in the dangerous insurrection — ”He reassured me by telling me that he would not leave D(anton).” Lucile and Gabrielle are soon left alone in the apartment with Louise de Kéralio-Robert, but after only a little while Danton returns home and goes to bed. This eventually upsets Louise who tells Lucile that if her husband dies in the insurrection she will stick a knife in Danton. ”From that moment on I never left her. What did I know what could happen? To know what she was capable of…” Some additional time later Camille returns to the apartment and falls asleep on Lucile’s shoulder. Louise tells her that “I can’t stay here any longer! Madame D(anton) is unbearable to me, she seems to be calm, her husband does not want to expose himself!” Lucile therefore suggests she come with her and Camille to their apartment to get some rest. When they around noon go back to the Dantons’ place again ”Madame D(anton) ran up to us to see how we were, she was soon informed when she saw the silence of one and the tears of the other. We waited long enough without knowing anything. Finally they came to tell us that we were victorious.” In a letter to her mother penned down the very same day, Lucile, similarly to how she described them during the Flight to Varennes, writes: ”Mme Danton and I do not leave each other, when I would have liked to flee it would have been impossible, the women are kept from going out.” The following night Camille and Lucile sleep over at the Roberts. When Lucile returns home on the 12th she learns that Danton has been appointed minister of justice. ”These news gave me great pleasure, especially when C(amille) came to tell me that he was secretary.” One day later Camille writes a letter revealing the very same news to his father:

My friend Danton has become minister thanks to the canon. This bloody day could only end, for the two of us especially, in being raised or hoisted together. He said to the national assembly: If I had been defeated, I would have been a criminal. The cause of liberty has triumphed, and Danton has associated me to his triumph.

According to Prudhomme’s Histoire générale et impartiale… (1797), it was Camille and Fabre themselves who three o’clock in the morning announced to Danton that he had been named minister of justice, after which they demanded he make them his secretaries:

”But, are you sure that I am appointed minister?” [said Danton].  “Yes,” replied the two midshipmen; and we will not leave you until we have your word for these two places.” ”Right on time,” said Danton. And everything was arranged according to the wishes of the two revolutionary patriots; but all this does not praise their disinterestedness.

After Camille and Danton had gotten their new occupations, both families briefly went to live at Hôtel de Bourvallais. Lucile writes:

I really liked it there, but only one thing bothered me, it was Fréron. Every day I saw new progress and didn’t know what to do about it. I consulted Maman, she approved of my plan to banter and joke about it, and that was the wisest thing to do. Because what to do? Forbid him to come? He and C(amille) dealt with each other every day, we would meet. To tell him to be more circumspect was to confess that I knew everything and that I did not disapprove of him; an explanation would have been needed. I therefore thought myself very prudent to receive him with friendship and reserve as usual, and I see now that I have done well. Soon he left to go on a mission. I was very happy with it, I thought it would change him. But many other cares to be taken… I realized that D(anton)… Oh, of that one, I was suspicious! I had to fear the eyes of his wife with whom I did not want to be hurt. I did so well that one did not know that I had noticed it, and the other that it might be. We spent three months like this quite cheerfully. At the end of this time C(amille) was appointed deputy and we returned to our first home.

Somewhere during Camille and Danton’s time in the ministry we find the following undated letter ”from the minister of justice to citizen Desmoulins, national commissioner in Vervins” (Camille’s father). Charles Vellay, who published the letter in 1792, did however find it more likely for the author of the letter, unlike what the header leads you to believe, was Camille, seeing as it is in a secretary’s handwriting and the letter was found among his and not Danton’s papers:

I am pleased to learn, Citizen, that yielding to the wishes of your compatriots, you have accepted the position of Natal Commissioner at the Vervins District Tribunal. You could undoubtedly desire some rest after the long fatigues you have had and the feeling which invited you to retire was very legitimate; but it was worthy of your good citizenship to still make the sacrifice for your country, and I am convinced that it was not in the midst of the agitations which precede the most beautiful of centuries that you would have left without regret a career where you you still have services to render to public affairs for a long time to come. It is not fair, however, to forget that the more you redouble your efforts, the more it is in your fellow citizens' interest to prescribe reasonable limits for yourself, and it is also your duty to moderate your zeal and not to forbid you these considerations which can be reconciled with public service and the care of your health. Your colleagues will themselves urge you to give nature the moments of relaxation it needs; a few temporary absences can be infinitely useful to you, and certainly they will not harm the interests of business if some attention is given to the circumstances and replacement measures. I will approve the first of wise precautions which I feel the necessity of and sure of my attachment to your duties I will rely with confidence on your respect for this moral responsibility as sacred as the will of the laws to true republicans.

Danton would however not remain minister of justice for a long time, already on August 26 Camille reported to his father that:

It seems that several departments will nominate me and especially Danton [to the National Convention], and he will not hesitate for a moment to leave the ministry to be representative of the people. You can imagine that I would follow an example that I would have given him, if I were in his place. Danton is from Paris no more than I am, and it is a remarkable thing that among all the principal authors of the revolution and among all of our friends, we perhaps do not know a single one who was born in Paris.

However, before the opening of the National Convention, the so called September Massacres took place. In l’Histoire générale et impartiale des erreurs… (1797) Prudhomme attributed big responsibility for the prison killings to both Danton and Desmoulins, portraying them as aware of what was going to happen already on September 2, the day before they began:

September 2, at midday, I go, hearing the noise of the tocsin and the cannon of alarm, to my section de l'Unité.  People came to announce that the barriers had been closed. A general consternation was painted on all faces. At the news of the arrival of the Prussians in Paris, as well as of a conspiracy of the prisoners against the patriots (a vague rumor had been circulating about it for fifteen days), a number of citizens questioned me on this subject.  ”Your profession as a journalist should enable you to know something,” one said to me.  ”I know nothing,” I responded, ”but I’m going to visit someone who could tell me.” As I knew Camille Desmoulins since a long time back, I thought it a good idea to go to his house. I didn’t find him anywhere, one assured me that he was at Danton’s, minister of justice. It was about half past two in the afternoon, I went home to the minister, and told him: ”I have come, in the quality of pure patriotism and in my own name, to ask you what this canon of alarm, this toscin and the arrival of the Prussians to Paris.”  ”Calm down, old friend of liberty,” Danton responded, ”it’s the toscin of victory.”  ”But,” I told him, ”people talk about slitting throats.”  ”Yes,” he told me, ”we were all about to have our throats cut this night, starting with the most patriotic. All those arisocrat rascals, who are in the prisons, had been provided with firearms and daggers. At a specified time next night, the gates were to be opened to them; they would have spread in different quarters to cut the throats of the wives and children of the patriots who will leave to march against the Prussians. We addressed ourselves principally, above all, to those who had demonstrated the principles of freedom.” ”All this comes off as a bit made up to me,” I responded, ”but what means are to be employed to prevent the execution of such a plot?” ”What means?” he said. ”The People, irritated and instructed in time, want to do justice themselves to all the bad subjects inside the prisons.” At these words I was seized with horror; I told him that such a measure appeared to me unworthy of a people who claimed to be free. At this moment, Camille Desmoulins entered.  ”Hello there!” Danton said to him. ”Prudhomme just asked me what is to be done.  ”Yes,” I said, ”and I am heartbroken after what I have just heard. ”So you (tu) didn’t tell him that one won’t mix up the innocent with the guilty? Camille said to Danton. ”All those who will be claimed by their sections will be returned.”  ”Seems to me that we could take a less violent measure,” I responded. ”Spilling blood is an abominable act of which those who govern are responsible. The people will one day make those who make them commit this crime pay dearly. Let Paris march en masse against the Prussians. Send the wives and children of those who are to march at the enemy out of Paris to avoid them getting massacred by the prisoners, let us lock them up in fortified castles.”  ”Any kind of moderate measure is useless,” Danton said. ”The anger of the people is at its height, there would even be danger in stopping it.” His first anger assuaged, one could make him listen to reason.  ”But,” I say, ”if the Legislative body and the constituted authorities spread themselves through Paris, and harangued the people?” ”No, no,” replied Camille, ”that would be too dangerous; for the people, in their first wrath, might make victims in the person of their dearest friends.” I withdrew filled with pain. 

Exiting Danton’s house, Prudhomme adds:

As I passed through the dining room, I saw the wives of Camille, Danton, Robert, etc, Fabre-d'Eglantine, and other guests. I did not know what to think of the tranquility that reigned at the house of the Minister of Justice; everything led me to believe that it was indeed impossible to stop the resentment of the People, at the news of a conspiracy hatched by the nobles and priests. 

The next day, Prudhomme also claims that Théophile Mandar went over to Danton’s place, where he saw ”all ministers, with the exception of Roland, Lacroix, president [of the Assembly], Pétion, mayor of Paris, Robespierre, Camille-Desmoulins, Fabre d’Églantine, Manuel and several members of the so-called Commune of August 10. The presidents and commanders from each of the 48 sections had come as well.” Half past seven in the evening everyone sat down in Danton’s salon to discuss the means to save Paris, Danton staying firm in his conviction of what had just happened and was still happening as necessary.

On September 8, two days after the end of the massacres, the time had come for Camille to be elected to the National Convention. He did at first come under question for his friendship with the royalist journalist François Suleau, killed in the Insurrection of August 10. The journal Gazette nationale de France does however report that Camille after this ”was defended with a lot of energy and eloquence by M. Danton and his election was almost unanimous.” With that, Desmoulins became the sixth elected deputy representing Paris (Danton was the second).

In December 1792, Lucile returns to keeping a diary. On the 22nd she writes: ”I went to supper with little Brune at mde D(anton’s). How detestable she is!” It’s hard to tell if it’s Gabrielle or madame Brune she designates as detestable, and even harder to know what she had done in order to get called that… Two days later, December 24, Lucile documents the following:

We had dinner at mde D(anton's), mde R(obert), B(rune) and B(oyer) were there. After dinner the men asked themselves if they should go to the Jacobins. They said yes. We were asked if we would go. We say no. Madame D(anton) said to me: ”do you (vous) want to spend the evening with me?,” I said yes, but soon I did not know what to do. Brune suggested I go to the theater! It was very embarrassing. Madame Brune said aloud: “I have never been to the Jacobins, I would be very happy to go there.” "Well, I'm going with you," I tell her. Finally, here we are, all ready to leave, when I see Mme Brune and Boyer whispering in each other’s ears. I, like a fool, go to ask them what they’re saying to each other. Mde R(obert) told me that she was very embarrassed, that she would like to go with us to the Jacobins. I was very kind, I said a few words to her that meant nothing, then I went into the antechamber. She came there soon and told me to wait for her, that she was going to follow me, she came back near madame D(anton). Brune came and told me “let’s go”. I followed her saying: ”but mde R(obert) who wants to come?” Finally, we are hardly in the middle of the staircase when we hear someone who says “here they are, here they are!”, then we descend with astonishing speed, and when we are in the street we run even harder. We took a fairly long detour. God knows how we laughed! Nothing, too, was more comical.

Throughout the first two halves of January, Lucile goes to the Convention to follow the trial of Louis XVI every single day. If Gabrielle went with her to these sessions is not confirmed, but not disproven either. Danton was absent on a mission in Belgium for most of the trial, but on January 14 he returned to Paris and two days later he voted for death, just like Camille. One day after the execution of the king, January 22 1793, Lucile writes: ”I went to Robert’s. Danton came there. His jokes are as boorish as he is. Despite this, he is a good devil. Madame Ro(bert) seemed jealous of how he teased me…” Two days later she witnesses the funeral procession of the recently assassinated Michel Peletier from the window of Jeanne-Justine Boyer, an event which moves her deeply. Once all her guests have left for the evening ”I felt that I could not be alone and bear the horrible thoughts that were going to besiege me. I ran to D(anton’s). He was moved to see me still pale and defeated. We drank tea, I supped there.” A week later, January 29, Lucile reports that ”we had dinner at D(anton's), where I just laughed, because I was preventing Brune from eating by saying "poa, poa, poa". D(anton) too couldn't keep himself from laughing.” Four days after that, February 3, Lucile writes ”I went to see madame Danton. Sick.” Three days later, she goes back to see her friend — ”I went to see madame Danton… She is very ill.” Yet another three days later Lucile writes ”Madame Danton is ill. She has given birth to a girl.” and at last, the day after that: ”I had dinner with Maman. Madame Danton is dead.” Two days after the death of her friend, Lucile goes to visit Gabrielle’s mother together with madame Brune and Robert. Shortly after that, she and Camille do however leave for Essonne, the latter having been apointed to a mission there, while Georges returned to Paris after another mission in Belgium to receive the sad news. Lucile did however not forget about him, in a letter to her mother Annette dated February 16 she asks her to ”give us news regarding Danton.” Apropos of Annette eventually joining them in Essonne Lucile adds: ”I forgot to mention a facility that could be of use for you, it’s Danton’s carriage. No doubt he could still have it.”

On March 26 1793, Desmoulins and Danton were both elected for the so called Commission of Public Safety, alongside 23 others. The commission, which consisted of both fervent montagnards and fervent girondins, was however off to a rocky start, and already on April 6 it was put to death and replaced by the Committee of Public Safety. A little more than a month later, May 17, Desmoulins announced the release of his new pamphlet l’Histoire des Brissotins to the Jacobins. Danton’s name gets mentioned eleven times in it, but only one can be used to really say something about their relationship, and it’s when Camille on page 54 writes: ”Jérôme Pétion told Danton in confidence that ”what makes poor Roland saddest is the fact people will discover his domestic sorrows and how bitter being a cuckold is to the old man, troubling the serenity of that great soul.” This implies Danton went and shared Roland’s secret with Camille after Pétion had confided it to him. Two weeks later, on June 7, a ”member” is recorded to have voiced suspicion on Danton’s current sentiments — ”This deputy isn’t as revolutionary as he used to. He doesn’t come to the Jacobins anymore. He left me the other day to approach a general.” In response, Camille is recorded to have ”advocated Danton’s good citizenship.” In Lettre de Camille Desmoulins, député de Paris à la Convention, au général Dillon en prison aux Madelonettes released a few months later, Camille calls Robert Lindet, Robespierre and Danton ”the best citizens of the Convention.”

On October 30, 22 girondins were sentenced to death. In Les mysterès de la mère de Dieu dévoilès(1794) Joachim Vilate described a dramatic reaction from Camille’s part upon hearing the final verdict: ”hearing the juror's declaration, he suddenly threw himself into my arms, agitated, tormenting himself:”ah my god, my god, it's me who kills them: my Brissot dévoilé [sic], ah my god, it’s that which kills them.” If Dominique-Joseph Garat’s Memoirs of the revolution; or, an apology for my conduct, in the public employments which I have held (1795) are to be believed, Danton too was deeply moved by the fate of the girondins, to the extent it motivated him to, on October 12, ask for a leave of absence to go to Arcis-sur-Aube in order to recruit his health:

I could not convince myself that among all those who, since May 31, had retained great popularity, there was not one who did not still retain a little humanity, and I went to Danton. He was ill, it only took me two minutes to see that his illness was above all a deep pain and a great dismay at everything that was coming. ”I won't be able to save them (the girondins)”, were the first words out of his mouth, and, as he uttered them, all the strength of this man, who has been compared to an athlete, was defeated, big tears strolled down his face, whose shapes could have been used to represent that of Tartarus. […] When the fate reserved for the twenty-two [girondins] seemed inevitable, Danton already heard, so to speak, his death sentence in theirs. All the strength of this triumphant athlete of democracy succumbed under the feeling of the crimes of democracy and its disorders. He could only talk about the countryside, he was suffocating, he needed to escape from men in order to be able to breathe.

Danton’s absence did not go unnoticed. In a letter from Toulon written October 18, Fréron tells Lucile that ”I have been really worried about Danton. The public papers announce that he is ill. Let me know if he has recovered. Give him 1000 friendships from my part.” Through the next letter Fréron writes Lucile, dated December 11, we learn that Danton had a nickname within this inner circle of friends — ”I would like to have news of Patagon (Brune), Saturne (Duplain) and Marius (Danton).” It can be observed that Camille, as seen above, had likened Danton to Marius in Révolutions de France et de Brabant already in 1790.

Danton was however back in Paris again on November 22, when he is recorded to have spoken of ”the relief to be granted to abdicated priests” at the Convention. Two weeks later, December 5, he was accused of ”moderatism” by Coupé d’Oise for having opposed the suggestion of sending a group with a portable guillotine to Seine-Inférieure in order to deal with rebels fleeing the Vendée. Robespierre did however rise to defend Danton, saying that he had always seen him serve his homeland with zeal and ending by asking that everyone says what he sincerely thinks about Danton. Aside from Merlin de Thionville, who hailed Danton as the saviour of the republic, no one said anything, and Momoro therefore concluded this meant no one had anything to accuse Danton of. The discussion therefore ended with Danton embracing the president of the club amidst loud applause. Just two days later, the first number of Camille’s new journal, the Vieux Cordelier, was released. In the number, Desmoulins designates the session at the Jacobins on the 5th as the event that caused him to return to the journalistic pen: 

Victory is with us because, amid the ruins of so many colossal civic reputations, Robespierre’s in unassailed; because he lent a hand to his competitor in patriotism, our perpetual President of the “Old Cordeliers,” our Horatius Cocles, who alone held the bridge against Lafayette and his four thousand Parisians besieging Marat, who now seemed overwhelmed by the foreign party. Already having gained stronger ground during the illness and absence of Danton, this party, domineering insolent in society, in the midst of the most sensitive places, the most compelling justification, in the tribunes, jeering, and in the middle of the meeting, shaking its head and smiling with pity, as in the speech of a man condemned by every vote. We have won, however, because after the crushing speeches of Robespierre, in which it seems that talent grows in pace with the dangers of the Republic, and the profound impression he has left in souls, it was impossible to venture to raise a voice against Danton without giving, so to speak, a public quittance of guineas of Pitt. […] I learned some things yesterday. I saw how many enemies we have. Their multitude tears me from the Hotel des Invalides and returns me to combat. I must write. 

If Danton had a bigger role in the Vieux Cordelier than simply being part of the event that caused Camille to start writing it is debated. When Robespierre a little more than three months later was working out the dantonists’ indictment, he claimed that Danton had been the ”president” of the Vieux Cordelier, whose prints he had corrected and made changes to, and that Camille had been his and Fabre’s ”dupe.” In Memoirs of the revolution; or, an apology for my conduct… (1795) Garat claimed that Danton during his stay in Arcis-sur-Aube had been cooking up a ”conspiracy” with a goal to ”restore for the benefit of all the reign of justice and of the laws, and to extend clemency to his enemies,” and to which ”all of his friends,” including Desmoulins, entered into. In Histoire générale et impartiale des erreurs… (1797) Prudhomme claimed that Danton, Lacroix, Camille-Desmoulins and Fabre-d'Églantine made up a secret party wishing to overthrow the Committee of Public Safety, and that Camille, as part of this plan, got charged with a ”moral attack,” leading to the creation of the Vieux Cordelier. Danton’s friend Edme-Bonaventure Courtois wrote in Notes et souvenirs de Courtois de l’Aube, député à la Convention nationale (cited in La Révolution française: revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine (1887), that ”it was in these painful moments that [Desmoulins] put to paper (in his Vieux Cordelier) the reflections that his indignation could no longer contain, and whose acrimony Danton, through his advice, softened in many places.” Finally, in  his Camille Desmoulins And His Wife: Passages From The History Of The Dantonists (1876), Jules Claretie included the following passage:

I know, through information given to me by M. Labat the elder, that one evening in that mournful summer of 1793, Danton and Camille Desmoulins had walked to the Cour du Commerce, along the Seine, by the quay des Lunettes, and, thinking of that 31st of May, which was to end in the events of the 31st of October, Danton pointed out to Camille the great river in which the rays of the sun, setting behind the hill of Passy, were reflected so vividly that the river looked like blood. ”Look,” said Danton — and, like Garat, Camille saw the tribune's eyes fill with tears — ”see, how much blood! The Seine runs blood! Ah! too much blood has been spilt! Come, pick up your pen again; write and demand clemency, I will support you!”

However, considering Robespierre’s notes had an interest in wanting to paint the ”dantonists” as a unified grupp (and perhaps also to absolve Desmoulins of some responsibility), while all the other testimonies were reported after the fact, its hard to be sure of anything. 

Danton went unmentioned in the rest of number 1, as well as number 2 (released December 10) of the Vieux Cordelier. When Camille on December 14 passed through the Jacobins ongoing scrutiny test, he regrettingly admitted that ”a well marked fatality willed that, among the sixty [sic] people who signed my wedding contract, I only have two friends left — Danton and Robespierre. All the others have emigrated or been guillotined.” In the Vieux Cordelier’s third number (released December 18), he wrote the following about Danton, apropos of underlining he was not asking for moderation:

In this duel between liberty and servitude, and in the cruel alternative of a defeat a thousand times more bloody than our victory, overruling the revolution therefore had less danger and was even better than remaining behind it, as Danton said, and it is necessary, above all, for the republic to secure the battlefield. […] Despite so many guineas (guinées) said Danton, name for me a single man strongly pronounced in the revolution, and in favor of the republic, who has been condemned to death by the revolutionary tribunal?

Danton went unmentioned again in number 4 (December 21), but in number 5 Camille brings him up seven times, writing that ”I said with Danton, that to outrage the revolution was less dangerous and even better than to remain within it; that, on the course taken by the vessel, it was better to approach the rock of exaggeration, than the sandbar of moderation,” insisting he has never ceased to ”conspire against the tyrants with Danton and Robespierre,” denouncing Hébert for having attacked him, Danton and nine other deputies and claiming to have heard Danton say that ”[Hébert’s] pipe resembles the trumpet of Jericho, when he has smoked three times around a reputation, it must fall of itself.” At one point he also accuses Barère of having discussed the arrest of Danton on June 2.

On January 7, Camille and Robespierre got into a fight at the Jacobin club after the latter had denounced the fifth number of Vieux Cordelier as counter-revolutionary, but insisting that its author had been ”led astray by bad company,” and therefore proposing that the Society forgive him and ”just” burn the latest numbers of the Vieux Cordelier. When Camille refused that ultimatum, exclaiming that ”burning isn’t answering,” the fight worsened until Danton stepped in to act as meditator between the two:

Danton: Camille mustn’t be frightened by the rather severe lessons Robespierre’s friendship has just given him. Citizens, let justice and cold-headedness always preside over our decisions. In judging Camille, be careful to not strike a deadly blow against the liberty of the press.

In a letter to Fréron dated January 13, Lucile regretfully reports that ”Marius is not listened to anymore, he loses courage and vigour.” Around the same time, her father was arrested and locked up in the Carmes prison due to a few objects decorated with fleurs-de-lys having been found in his home. On January 24 Camille protested against his arrest at the Jacobins, gaining the support of Bourdon d’Oise who asked that the Committee of General Security make a report about the case in three days. Danton did however object to this, but did make the more vague suggestion that ”the Convention consider ways to do justice to all the victims of arbitrary measures and arrests, without harming the action of the revolutionary government”:

I oppose the kind of distinction of privilege which would seem to be granted to Desmoulins' father-in-law. I want the Convention to deal only with general affairs. If we want a report for this citizen, we also need one for all the others. […] My colleague's complaint is fair in itself, but it would give rise to a decree unworthy of us. If we were to give priority, it would belong to citizens who do not find in their fortune and in their acquaintance with members of the Convention hopes and resources in the midst of their misfortune: it must be to the unfortunate, to the needy, that you should first hold out your hands. I ask that the Convention consider ways to do justice to all the victims of arbitrary measures and arrests, without harming the action of the revolutionary government. I would be careful not to prescribe the means here. I request the referral of this question to the consideration of the Committee of General Safety, which will consult with the Committee of Public Safety; that a report be made to the Convention, and that it be followed by a broad and in-depth discussion; because all the discussions of the Convention have resulted in the triumph of reason and liberty.

When Robespierre about two months later was preparing the dantonists’ indictment, he wrote that ”during this last visit [to my place], [Danton] spoke of Desmoulins with contempt. He attributed his deviances to a vice that is private and shameful, but absolutely foreign to the crimes of the conspirators to the Revolution. Laignelot was witness.” Robespierre used this as evidence Danton had ”an ungrateful and dark soul,” as he previously had ”highly recommended the last productions of Desmoulins.”

Both Danton and Camille were arrested in the night between March 30 and March 31. They were taken to the Luxembourg prison and placed in solitary confinement. On April 1, in his very last written letter, Camille regrettingly tells Lucile: 

How to believe that a few jokes in my writings, against colleagues that had provoked me, have erased the memory of my services! I do not disguise the fact that I die as a victim of these jokes and my friendship with Danton. I thank my assassins for letting me die with him and Philippeaux. And since my colleagues have been cowardly enough to abandon us and listen to calumnies that I don’t know, but must be the most vulgar, I can say that we die as victims of our courage to denounce traitors, and of our love for the truth. We can well carry this testimony with us, that we die as the last republicans.

It would however appear Lucile wanted to do something about the situation. We have the following anecdote published in Histoire de la Révolution française (1850) by Nicolas Villiaumé, which, as far as I’m aware, is the only known connection we have between the Desmoulins couple and Danton’s second wife Louise-Sébastienne Gély (married June 14 1793):

[After the arrest of Danton and Desmoulins] Lucile ran to Madame Danton to suggest that she come with her to go find Robespierre, ask him for an explanation, and recall the feelings of friendship which had attached him to their husbands. Madame Danton refused, saying that she wanted nothing from a man who had showed himself to be the enemy of her husband. (I obtained this particularity from Madame Danton herself, who was then pregnant. She gave birth fifteen days after Danton's death, but her child did not live.)

On April 2, Danton, Desmoulins and seven other deputies were brought from the Luxembourg to the Conciergerie prison. If Mémoires d’un detenu pour servir à l’histoire de la tyrannie de Robespierre(1795) by Honoré Riouffe are to be believed, the accused were kept in seperate cells here as well. He writes:

Danton, placed in a cell next to Westermann, didn’t stop talking, less to be heard by Westermann than by us. […] Here are some phrases I retained: […] ”What proves Robespierre is a Nero, is that he never spoke as kindly to Desmoulins as on the day before his arrest.”

Their trial began the very same day. For three days, the accused defended themselves (or at least tried to) against the charges of ”complicity with d'Orléans and Dumourier, with Fabre d'Eglantine and the enemies of the Republic, of having been involved in the conspiracy tending to re-establish the monarchy, to destroy the national representation and the republican government” side by side. It did however not go that well, and on April 5, Danton, Desmoulins and thirteen others were sentenced to death. The execution took place the very same afternoon. Contrary to the myth of Danton and Camille sitting next to each other in the same tumbril as they were driven to Place de la Révolution, number 561(April 6 1794) of Suite du Journal de Perlet reports that ”they were in three tumbrils: in the first was Danton, next to Delacroix; Fabre near the executioner; Hérault opposite Chabot. In the second, Phelippeaux [sic], Westermann, Camille Desmoulins, Basire and Launai d’Angers [sic]. […] Danton […]seemed to pay little attention to the crowd around him: he was chatting with Lacroix and Fabre. […]Desmoulins spoke almost continually to the people; the courage he affected seemed like a painful effort, he was an actor who was studying to play his last part well.”

After the death of Camille and, eight days later, Lucile, their son Horace was taken in by his maternal grandparents and aunt, who then permanently retired to their country house in Bourg-la-Reine. Danton’s sons Antoine and François-Georges were they too adopted by their maternal grandfather and uncles. In 1805, the two moved from Paris to Arcis-sur-Aube where they instead got looked after by their paternal grandmother. I have not been able to find anything indicating the families stayed in touch to process the grief or let the children come together, something which we on the other hand know Lucile’s mother did with Philippeaux’s widow.

[useless-catalanfacts]

The 2nd of February is the Christian festivity called Candlemas (Candelera in Catalan). It's the date that ends the Christmas cycle, where traditionally people would put away the Nativity scene, though nowadays lots of people take it down soon after Three Wise Men Day (6th of January).

What does this day celebrate?

Candlemas is most likely a remnant of the Ancient Roman festival of Parentalia (last day of the Feralia), celebrated annually in February to remember the dead. During Parentalia, they did processions where they dressed in black and carried little blessed candles to the cemeteries to guide the dead people's souls.

Some say that the origins of Candlemas might also be related to another Ancient Roman festival celebrated in February: the Lupercalia, in honour of the god of fertility and shepherds Lupercus.

In the Christian tradition, this festivity celebrates when Mary brought Jesus to the temple. Biblical scholars explain that it was a tradition for Jewish women to bring their child to the temple 40 days after giving birth. Then, the child was presented to the priests and they were blessed in front of candles, and the woman was purified. Since the Christian tradition says Jesus was born on the 25th of December, 40 days after his birth is the 2nd of February. Candlemas is celebrated every year on this day to commemorate Mary introducing Jesus to the temple. The festivity was introduced officially by Pope Gelasius I in the year 496.

How is Candlemas celebrated?

Believers take candles to be blessed, and some places hold processions with lit candles. The candles are taken home to be kept, because they're believed to have protection powers.

Candlemas procession in L'Ametlla de Mar (Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia), who celebrates their festa major on this day. Photo: IPCITE.

Unlike other festivals of the Christian calendar (like local patron saint days, Christmas, Three Wise Men Day, Saint Anthony/Three Laps, Saint George, Midsummer/Saint John, Corpus, etc) which are celebrated by everyone in our country, Christian and non-Christian alike; Candlemas is not so widely celebrated by people who aren't Christian believers. But even then, there is one thing that everyone knows Candlemas for: predicting the weather.

In Catalan we have the saying: "Si la Candelera plora, l'hivern és fora. Si la Candelera riu, el fred és viu." which means "If Candlemas cries, the winter is out. If Candlemas laughs, the cold is alive". This sums it up, if it rains on February 2nd it's believed to be a sign that winter is ending. If it's sunny, winter will still go on.

Candlemas is also the day that people in the USA and Canada hold "Groundhog Day", where a groundhog (a rodent animal) is said to predict the same.

Some mountain parts of Europe also remember this date as the day where bears wake up from their hibernation, and many of these places have some festivity about it. In Northern Catalonia, we have the Bear Festivity (Festa de l'Os). In this ancient festivity, which is still done nowadays, some people from the town dress up as bears, while others get all dirty and accompany him running through the town, shouting, whistling and playing music. Others dress up as hunters and run after them. It represents nature waking up from the winter rest, but also the danger that comes with it.

Festa de l'Os in Prats de Molló (Northern Catalonia). Vilaweb and Fabricio Cardenas.

Festa de l'Os in Sant Llorenç de Cerdans (Northern Catalonia). Photographer: Marc Velasco.

The festivity ends when the hunters bring the bear to the town centre and take off his bear skin, turning him into a human. This represents the victory of humans over nature, but scholars also point that it could come from an ancient myth from the Pyrenees according to which humans evolved from bears (for reference, we don't have apes nor monkeys in this part of the world).

[sieclesetcieux]

This site compiled their addresses here though Barère's page is missing (here are some of his addresses), Lindet's address is different than the one give here, and though some mail was sent to Couthon where Robespierre lived, I think he had another address too? (Hérault is also just not listed but the site is centered around Thermidor.)

Copy-pasted below for convenience. I added their birthdates and astrological signs (for those who care about that):

Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet

Age : Né à Bernay (Eure), 48 ans en thermidor. [2 mai 1746 ♉]

Adresse : 68, rue de la Sourdière.

Métier : Avocat

Fonctions : Député de l’Eure, membre du Comité de salut public du 6 avril 1793 au 7 octobre 1794

Antoine Louis Léon de Saint-Just

Age: Né à Décize, 26 ans en Thermidor an II [25 août 1767 ♍]

Adresse: 3, rue Caumartin, 2ème étage (depuis mars 1794), à la même adresse que Thuillier. Il demeurait auparavant à l’hôtel des États-Unis, rue Gaillon.

Fonction(s): Député de l’Aisne à la Convention depuis le 5 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 10 juin 1793.

Georges-Auguste Couthon

Age : Né à Orcet, 38 ans en thermidor [22 décembre 1755 ♑]

Adresse : 366, rue Saint Honoré

Profession : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Puy-de-Dôme à la Convention le 6 septembre 1792. Membre du Comité de salut public du 10 juin 1793 au 9 Thermidor an II.

André Jeanbon, dit JEAN BON SAINT-ANDRÉ

Age : Né à Montauban, 45 ans en thermidor [25 février 1749 ♓]

Adresse :  7 rue Gaillon

Profession : Marin, puis pasteur

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Lot à la Convention le 5 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 10 juin 1793. Fréquemment en mission pour superviser les opérations maritimes, il est absent de Paris le 9-Thermidor.

Pierre-Louis Prieur, dit PRIEUR de la MARNE

Age : Né à Sommesous (Marne), 37 ans en thermidor [1er août 1756 ♌]

Surnom : Appelé Prieur de la Marne (pour le différencier de Prieur de la Côte-d’Or)

Adresse : 11, rue Helvetius

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de la Marne à la Convention depuis le 3 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de salut public du 10 juillet 1793 au 13 thermidor an II (31 juillet 1794), puis à nouveau du 15 vendémiaire au 15 pluviôse an III (6 octobre 1794-3 février 1795).

Absent de Paris au moment du 9-Thermidor.

Maximilien Marie Isidore de Robespierre

Age : Né à Arras, 36 ans en thermidor. [6 mai 1758 ♉]

Adresse : 366 rue Saint-Honoré (numérotation actuelle : 398)

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de Paris à la Convention nationale depuis le 5 septembre 1792 ; membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 27 juillet 1793

Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, dit PRIEUR de la CÔTE-d'OR

Age : Né à Auxonne, 30 ans en thermidor [22 décembre 1763 ♑]

Surnom : Appelé Prieur de la Côte-d’Or (pour le différencier de Prieur de la Marne)

Adresse :  5, rue Caumartin

Profession : Ingénieur militaire

Fonction(s) : Elu député de la Côte-d’Or à la Convention le 5 septembre 1792. Membre du Comité de salut public du 14 août 1793 au 16 vendémiaire an III (7 octobre 1794).

Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot

Age : Né à Nolay, 41 ans en thermidor. [13 mai 1753 ♉]

Adresse : 2 rue Florentin

Métier : Mathématicien, physicien, militaire

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Pas-de-Calais à la Convention nationale le 5 septembre 1792 ; membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 14 août 1793, il le quitte le 7 octobre 1794 mais y siège à nouveau un mois plus tard, jusqu’au 6 mars 1795.

Jacques-Nicolas Billaud, dit BILLAUD-VARENNE

Age : Né à La Rochelle, 38 ans en Thermidor an II [23 avril 1756 ♉]

Adresse : 40 rue Saint-André-des-Arts

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de Paris à la Convention depuis le 7 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 5 septembre 1793

Jean-Marie Collot, dit COLLOT d'HERBOIS

Age : Né à Paris, 45 ans en Thermidor an II [19 juin 1749 ♊]

Adresse : 4 rue Favart (3ème étage)

Métier : Acteur, directeur de théâtre

Fonction(s) : Elu député de Paris à la Convention le 6 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 5 septembre 1793.

[congratulationsgeorge]

Retournons à la mer

Retournons à la mer, retournons à l’étang, là où une entreprise prophétique nous a Promises. Par la concordance des cigales, et du ciel rouge qui s’appose sur ton front la taule, et le mal, et la peine que nous ignorions encore. L’accent rond, les : pain, main, hein, tarpin, pneu peneu pe neu mélodiques.

Retournons à la mer, en ton sein, puisque nous avons regardé le même film, dans la même salle, sans le savoir, à quelques rangées, quelques sièges d’écart, tu étais trois rangs avant moi. puisque nous avons une expérience commune : ces plaies béantes, ces gencives saignantes, et ces cheveux gominés, ces accusations, ce venin anxiogène, qu’iels jetaient sur nous parce que nous étions noires.

La crainte de t’aimer, de poser encore sur toi, tes yeux, ta peau pégueuse à la D’Angelo, beaucoup trop huilée par la coco, un regard qui me trahirait.

Retournons à la mer, je ne pourrai que le répéter, au fond de la cour, tu l’as si bien dit, il y avait les pins, tiens, les pins, la cour qui se tenait juste là, en pente, le petit jardin clos où l’on faisait pousser des fruits et des légumes, là où seul.e.s les CE2 A/ B/ ou C avaient le droit d’aller.

Je pleurais de rire, dans ces innombrables épines de pins, parsemées sur le sol brûlant, je me souviens du regard flou, flouté par les feux de joie, les cages de foot et les zygomatiques tendues.

Je taclais les garçons au foot, m’asseyais dans le creux des ondulations du bitume/du ciment blanc anthracite et aucun d’eux ne m’aimait.

Retournons à la mer, je t’emmènerai près de l’étang, l'odeur des œufs pourris de Berre nous frappe les narines entre deux pétards. Dans les sanglots, la solitude, et l’abandon, d’être une femme noire dans une famille blanche, d’être une femme noire qui aime les femmes c’est près de l’étang que tu te réfugiais.

Une dizaine d’années plus tard des ellipses parmi les vagues et les éclaboussures de la piscine de la mamie de Clara en juillet des bougies d’anniversaire numériquement trop trop nombreuses à souffler chaque année.

Retournons à la mer, puisque j’ai dit tout bas des signes, des choses inavouables.

Ils disent que « l’amour ça ne s’apprend pas », que « l’amour ça se vit » et pourtant j’aurais aimé apprendre.

Moi, fille de Mars, qui n’ai jamais appris que l’impatience, le drame et le chaos élevé par le kayamb, son frère tam tam, et les chants de guerre qui les accompagnent. Moi, fille de Mars, j'aurais voulu me sentir capable d’exprimer l’amour dans le calme, de sortir des sentiers tumultueux ancestraux de m’écarter de la voie de la surveillance, de la méfiance, de la gangrène routine, de CELUI OU CELLE QUI CRIERA LE PLUS FORT

Moi, fille de Mars, j’ai cherché à t’atteindre et à te montrer la plaine verte qui s’étend à l’infini, la végétation et le colibri la profondeur et l’abondance de la rivière en avançant mes lèvres, les extrémités tendues et riches des mots à te donner, en plongeant la tête la première dans le Gouffre des esprits à Terre Sainte, en serrant nos corps tandis que Les Déesses chantaient notre histoire.

(Nous étions ces deux gamines amies en primaire unies par un zouk après dix années de silence.)

Retournons à la mer, 2019, George Eperonnier

publié dans The Black Lesbian Rises Issue pour le magazine Lesbians Are Miracles (USA) en 2021

[brookston]

Holidays 6.26

Holidays

Alexandra Rose Day

Anti Drugs Day (India)

Armed Forces Day (UK)

Army & Navy Day (Azerbaijan)

Bar Code Day (a.k.a. UPC Day)

Beautician's Day

Boardwalk Day

Canoe Day

Day of the Armed Forces (Azerbaijan)

Festival of the Tarasque (France)

Flag Day (Romania)

Forgiveness Day

Global Africa Day

Good Earth Day

Good Manners Day

Guru Rinpoche Day (Bhutan)

Harry Potter Day

Human Genome Day

International Angel Shark Day

International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (UN)

International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (UN)

International Stitch Day

LGBTQ Equality Day

National Beautician’s Day

National Cancer Wellness Awareness Day (Canada)

National Canoe Day (Canada)

National DCE (Director of Christian Education) Day

National Fossil Day (Australia)

National Milkman Day

National Ranboo Day

National Rat Catcher’s Day

National Report Trade Agreement Act Fraud Day

National Sarah Day

National Sports Day (Fiji)

National Toothbrush Day

National Zachary Day

Ommegang Pageant begins (Belgium) [Ends 7.6]

Pied Piper of Hamelin Day (according to the Brothers Grimm)

Same Sex Marriage Day

Senior Citizen’s Day (Mason County, Michigan)

626 Day (Lilo & Stitch)

Shallot Day (French Republic)

Sunthorn Phu Day (Thailand)

Supply Chain Geek Day

UN Charter Day

World Bunny Chow Day

World Nupe Day (Nigeria)

World Refrigeration Day

Wrong Trousers Day (Wallace & Gromit)

Ziua Tricolorului (Flag Day; Romania)

Food & Drink Celebrations

Chocolate Pudding Day

National Coconut Day

National Haskap Berry Day

Tropical Cocktails Day

4th & Last Monday in June

Please Take My Children To Work Day [Last Monday]

Independence Days

Madagascar (from France, 1960)

Schwanensee (Swan Lake; Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]

St. George (Principality Declared; 2007) [unrecognized]

Feast Days

Anthelm of Belley (Christian; Saint)

Archie McPhee Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Branwell Brontë (Artology)

Carbonara Day (Pastafarian)

David the Dendrite (Christian; Saint)

El Cid (Positivist; Saint)

Feast of All Saints

Hermogius (Christian; Saint)

Isabel Florence Hapgood (Episcopal Church)

Jack (Muppetism)

Jeremiah (Lutheran)

John and Paul (Christian; Saint)

José María Robles Hurtado (One of Saints of the Cristero War; Christian)

Josemaría Escrivá (Christian; Saint)

Mar Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church)

Maria (Muppetism)

Pelagius of Córdoba (Christian; Saint)

Pelayo (Christian; Saint)

Solstitium I (Pagan)

Vigilius of Trent (Christian; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

After the Rain, by Nelson (Album; 1990)

Baby, I Love Your Way, by Peter Frampton (Song; 1976)

Darby O’Gill and the Little People (Film; 1959)

Die Walküre (The Valkyrie), by Richard Wagner (Opera; 1870) [Ring of the Nibelung #2]

Donald in Mathematic Land (Disney Cartoon; 1959)

Dragonslayer (Film; 1981)

Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga (Film; 2020)

For Your Eyes Only (US Film; 1981) [James Bond #12]

Full Metal Jacket (Film; 1987)

The Gold Rush (Charlie Chaplin Film; 1925)

Goo, by Sonic Youth (Album; 1990)

The Great Muppet Caper (Film; 1981)

A Hard Day’s Night, by The Beatles (Album; 1964)

The Hurt Locker (Film; 2009)

Jean de Florette (Film; 1987)

Muzzle Tough (WB MM Cartoon; 1954)

My Spy (Film; 2020)

Never a Dull Moment (Film; 1968)

Out of Sight (Film; 1998)

The Philosopher’s Stone (a.k.a. Sorcerer's Stone), by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1997) [Harry Potter #1]

Spaceballs (Film; 1987)

The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (Film; 1952)

Stripes (Film; 1981)

Sweet Sioux (WB MM Cartoon; 1937)

Symphony No. 9, by Gustav Mahler (Symphony; 1912)

Ted 2 (Film; 2015)

Who Let the Dogs Out, by the Baha Men (Album; 2000)

Today’s Name Days

Anthelm, Vigilius (Austria)

David (Bulgaria)

Ivan, Pavao, Vigilije, Zoran (Croatia)

Adriana (Czech Republic)

Pelagius (Denmark)

Manivald, Vaane, Vaano, Vaino, Vane, Vanevald (Estonia)

Jarkko, Jarmo, Jarno, Jere, Jeremias, Jorma (Finland)

Anthelme (France)

David, Konstantin, Paul, Vigil (Germany)

Makarios (Greece)

János, Pál (Hungary)

Elisa, Filippo, Rodolfo, Vigilio (Italy)

Ausma, Dzejs, Ingūna, Inguns, Ulvis (Latvia)

Jaunius, Jaunutis, Viltautė, Virgilijus (Lithuania)

Jenny, Jonny (Norway)

Jan, Jeremi, Jeremiasz, Paweł, Zdziwoj (Poland)

David (România)

Adriána (Slovakia)

José, Pelayo (Spain)

Lea, Rakel (Sweden)

Arley, Harlan, Harlene, Harley, Thelma (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 177 of 2024; 188 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 1 of week 26 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 15 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Wu-Wu), Day 9 (Yi-Mao)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 7 Tammuz 5783

Islamic: 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444

J Cal: 27 Sol; Sixday [27 of 30]

Julian: 13 June 2023

Moon: 50%: 1st Quarter

Positivist: 9 Charlemagne (7th Month) [El Cid]

Runic Half Month: Dag (Day) [Day 13 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 6 of 94)

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 6 of 31)

[capsulas]

¿Te gustaría leer más libros pero no tienes mucho tiempo?

¿Te aburren las novelas largas y densas que te hacen perder el interés? Si es así, te tengo una buena noticia: hay muchos libros de menos de 100 páginas que son fáciles de leer y que te pueden aportar mucho valor.

En este post te voy a recomendar 10 libros cortos pero intensos que puedes leer en una tarde o en un viaje. Son libros de diferentes géneros y temáticas, pero todos tienen algo en común: son obras maestras de la literatura que te harán reflexionar, emocionarte y disfrutar.

Estos son los 10 libros que te propongo:

El Arte de la Guerra, Sun Tzu: El libro más antiguo y famoso sobre estrategia militar, escrito hace más de 2000 años por un general chino. Sus enseñanzas son aplicables tanto al ámbito bélico como al empresarial, político o personal.

Rebelión en la granja, George Orwell: Una novela satírica que narra cómo los animales de una granja se rebelan contra sus dueños humanos y establecen una sociedad igualitaria. Sin embargo, pronto surgen las diferencias y las traiciones entre los líderes, que corrompen los ideales del socialismo.

El principito, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: Una fábula mítica que cuenta las aventuras de un niño que vive en un pequeño planeta y que viaja por el universo conociendo a diferentes personajes. Una historia llena de poesía, humor y sabiduría sobre la amistad, el amor y el sentido de la vida.

El árbol generoso, Shel Silverstein: Un cuento infantil que relata la relación entre un niño y un árbol del bosque. El árbol le da al niño todo lo que necesita a lo largo de su vida, desde frutos hasta madera, pero el niño nunca se muestra agradecido ni feliz. Una lección sobre el altruismo y el egoísmo.

La guillotina de Simone van der Vlugt: Un libro histórico que cuenta la vida de una joven francesa durante la revolución francesa y su encuentro con el temible instrumento de ejecución.

Otros libros que también puedes contemplar son:

La Biblioteca Secreta, Haruki Murakami: Una historia fantástica sobre un niño que se pierde en una biblioteca misteriosa y tiene que enfrentarse a sus propios miedos y recuerdos.

Y cada mañana, el camino a casa se vuelve más y más largo, Fredrik Backman: Un relato conmovedor sobre un anciano que sufre alzhéimer y su nieto, que intentan conservar sus recuerdos compartidos antes de que se borren para siempre.

El Tapiz Amarillo, Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Un relato psicológico que describe la angustia de una mujer que sufre una depresión postparto y que es confinada en una habitación con un papel pintado amarillo que le provoca alucinaciones.

Memorias del subsuelo, Fiódor Dostoyevski: Una obra maestra del existencialismo que presenta el monólogo de un hombre solitario, amargado y contradictorio que reflexiona sobre su vida y su visión del mundo.

El viejo y el mar, Ernest Hemingway: Una novela corta pero intensa que narra la lucha épica de un viejo pescador contra un pez gigantesco en las aguas del golfo.

Espero que te haya gustado esta selección de libros cortos y fáciles de leer. Te animo a que los leas y me cuentes qué te han parecido en los comentarios. Y si tienes alguna otra recomendación, no dudes en compartirla conmigo.

¡Hasta la próxima!

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 6.26

Holidays

Alexandra Rose Day

Anti Drugs Day (India)

Armed Forces Day (UK)

Army & Navy Day (Azerbaijan)

Bar Code Day (a.k.a. UPC Day)

Beautician's Day

Boardwalk Day

Canoe Day

Day of the Armed Forces (Azerbaijan)

Festival of the Tarasque (France)

Flag Day (Romania)

Forgiveness Day

Global Africa Day

Good Earth Day

Good Manners Day

Guru Rinpoche Day (Bhutan)

Harry Potter Day

Human Genome Day

International Angel Shark Day

International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (UN)

International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (UN)

International Stitch Day

LGBTQ Equality Day

National Beautician’s Day

National Cancer Wellness Awareness Day (Canada)

National Canoe Day (Canada)

National DCE (Director of Christian Education) Day

National Fossil Day (Australia)

National Milkman Day

National Ranboo Day

National Rat Catcher’s Day

National Report Trade Agreement Act Fraud Day

National Sarah Day

National Sports Day (Fiji)

National Toothbrush Day

National Zachary Day

Ommegang Pageant begins (Belgium) [Ends 7.6]

Pied Piper of Hamelin Day (according to the Brothers Grimm)

Same Sex Marriage Day

Senior Citizen’s Day (Mason County, Michigan)

626 Day (Lilo & Stitch)

Shallot Day (French Republic)

Sunthorn Phu Day (Thailand)

Supply Chain Geek Day

UN Charter Day

World Bunny Chow Day

World Nupe Day (Nigeria)

World Refrigeration Day

Wrong Trousers Day (Wallace & Gromit)

Ziua Tricolorului (Flag Day; Romania)

Food & Drink Celebrations

Chocolate Pudding Day

National Coconut Day

National Haskap Berry Day

Tropical Cocktails Day

4th & Last Monday in June

Please Take My Children To Work Day [Last Monday]

Independence Days

Madagascar (from France, 1960)

Schwanensee (Swan Lake; Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]

St. George (Principality Declared; 2007) [unrecognized]

Feast Days

Anthelm of Belley (Christian; Saint)

Archie McPhee Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Branwell Brontë (Artology)

Carbonara Day (Pastafarian)

David the Dendrite (Christian; Saint)

El Cid (Positivist; Saint)

Feast of All Saints

Hermogius (Christian; Saint)

Isabel Florence Hapgood (Episcopal Church)

Jack (Muppetism)

Jeremiah (Lutheran)

John and Paul (Christian; Saint)

José María Robles Hurtado (One of Saints of the Cristero War; Christian)

Josemaría Escrivá (Christian; Saint)

Mar Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church)

Maria (Muppetism)

Pelagius of Córdoba (Christian; Saint)

Pelayo (Christian; Saint)

Solstitium I (Pagan)

Vigilius of Trent (Christian; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

After the Rain, by Nelson (Album; 1990)

Baby, I Love Your Way, by Peter Frampton (Song; 1976)

Darby O’Gill and the Little People (Film; 1959)

Die Walküre (The Valkyrie), by Richard Wagner (Opera; 1870) [Ring of the Nibelung #2]

Donald in Mathematic Land (Disney Cartoon; 1959)

Dragonslayer (Film; 1981)

Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga (Film; 2020)

For Your Eyes Only (US Film; 1981) [James Bond #12]

Full Metal Jacket (Film; 1987)

The Gold Rush (Charlie Chaplin Film; 1925)

Goo, by Sonic Youth (Album; 1990)

The Great Muppet Caper (Film; 1981)

A Hard Day’s Night, by The Beatles (Album; 1964)

The Hurt Locker (Film; 2009)

Jean de Florette (Film; 1987)

Muzzle Tough (WB MM Cartoon; 1954)

My Spy (Film; 2020)

Never a Dull Moment (Film; 1968)

Out of Sight (Film; 1998)

The Philosopher’s Stone (a.k.a. Sorcerer's Stone), by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1997) [Harry Potter #1]

Spaceballs (Film; 1987)

The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (Film; 1952)

Stripes (Film; 1981)

Sweet Sioux (WB MM Cartoon; 1937)

Symphony No. 9, by Gustav Mahler (Symphony; 1912)

Ted 2 (Film; 2015)

Who Let the Dogs Out, by the Baha Men (Album; 2000)

Today’s Name Days

Anthelm, Vigilius (Austria)

David (Bulgaria)

Ivan, Pavao, Vigilije, Zoran (Croatia)

Adriana (Czech Republic)

Pelagius (Denmark)

Manivald, Vaane, Vaano, Vaino, Vane, Vanevald (Estonia)

Jarkko, Jarmo, Jarno, Jere, Jeremias, Jorma (Finland)

Anthelme (France)

David, Konstantin, Paul, Vigil (Germany)

Makarios (Greece)

János, Pál (Hungary)

Elisa, Filippo, Rodolfo, Vigilio (Italy)

Ausma, Dzejs, Ingūna, Inguns, Ulvis (Latvia)

Jaunius, Jaunutis, Viltautė, Virgilijus (Lithuania)

Jenny, Jonny (Norway)

Jan, Jeremi, Jeremiasz, Paweł, Zdziwoj (Poland)

David (România)

Adriána (Slovakia)

José, Pelayo (Spain)

Lea, Rakel (Sweden)

Arley, Harlan, Harlene, Harley, Thelma (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 177 of 2024; 188 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 1 of week 26 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 15 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Wu-Wu), Day 9 (Yi-Mao)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 7 Tammuz 5783

Islamic: 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444

J Cal: 27 Sol; Sixday [27 of 30]

Julian: 13 June 2023

Moon: 50%: 1st Quarter

Positivist: 9 Charlemagne (7th Month) [El Cid]

Runic Half Month: Dag (Day) [Day 13 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 6 of 94)

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 6 of 31)

[jacquemart]

There's more

Claude Debussy

Claire de Lune Arabesque

Maurice Ravel

Bolero

Emmanuel Chabrier

Espania

Pablo Sarasate

Zigeunerweisen

Camille Saint Saens

Carneval of the Animals Aquarium and The Swan

Bedrich Smetana

Moldova

Antonin Dvorak

Slavic Dance No 1 Humoresque

Gustav Maler

Piano Quartet in A Minor Symphony 5 Adagietto

Edward Elgar

Salut d'Amour Enigma Variations - Nimrod

Pjotr Iljitsch Tschaikowski

Swan Lake Waltz of The Flowers Nutcracker Suite March Dance of the Suger Plum Fairy

Modest Petrowitsch Mussorgski

Pictures of an Exhibition Promenade and Great Gate at Kiev

Sergei Rachmaninow

Piano Concert 2 Prelude in G Minor Rhapsody on a theme af Paganini

George Gershwin

Summertime Rhapsody in Blue The Man I Love

Sergey Prokovjev

Peter and Wolf Theme Dance of the Knights

Gustav Holst

Planetes - Mars and Jupiter

Dmitri Shostakovich

Waltz No 2

Leroy Anderson

The Typewriter Sandpaper Ballet Plink, Plank, Plunk The Irish Suite Part 1

Ennio Morricone (I leave out his western film music)

Chi Mai

Terry Riley

A Rainbow in Curved Air

Philip Glass

Opening

Karl Jenkins

Adiemus Palladio Benedictus

I'm sure there's more. especially in modern classical era. But I leave it for now.

Classical Pieces You've Probably Heard but Might Not Remember the Name

William Tell Overture- Rossini (Most famous part at 8:45, but why not listen to the whole thing?) I’m adding hints, at least to the ones I recognized culturally. This one is “go, horsey, go!”

Also Sprach Zarathustra- Strauss Slow, dramatic entry scene, IN SPAAACE.

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik- Mozart People running out of a fancy wedding or something. Also known as DUN, dun DUN, dun DUN dun DUN dun DUUUUN.

Symphony 94, Mvt. 2 “Surprise Symphony”- Haydn ?

Toccata and Fugue in d Minor-Bach Halloween organ!

Nocturne Op. 9 No. 2- Chopin Picture a tiny old woman playing piano in a sunlit room with lots of flower vases, about the spill the tragic secrets of her past to some timid young visitor.

Rondo alla Turca- Mozart the babysitter from The Incredibles: “Time for some COGNITIVE ENRICHMENT!”

Sinfonie de Fanfares: Rondeau- Jean-Joseph Mouret Royalty is coming. Or someone is getting married. Or royalty is getting married. Also the PBS Masterpieces theme.

The Four Seasons: Spring- Vivaldi (I just linked to the whole thing because it’s great) Again, someone is getting married, but this one is strings instead and a lot less frumpy.

Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring- Bach That one that amateur guitarists love where the notes are all up and down but all the same length. Also used in movie weddings.

O Fortuna (from Carmina Burana)- Carl Orff SONG OF DOOM. Also song of “baby on fire!” in The Incredibles.

Funeral March- Chopin ?

Orpheus in the Underworld: Infernal Galop (A.K.A. Can Can)- Offenbach Well, “aka can-can” says it all.

Pomp and Circumstance (You probably graduated to this)- Elgar Oh yes, Baaaa dun dun dun duun duuuuun… Also if you were a bandie you had to play it for 3 years before graduating to it.

Gayane: Sabre Dance- Aram Khachaturian Comically hectic productivity, a circus clown juggling while standing on a ball, or perhaps a rapidly-approaching termite infestation. Could go any way, really.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Wedding March- Mendelssohn The song movies play right AFTER they both say “I do.”

Carmen: Les Toreadors- Bizet I can’t be the only one who remembers when ‘Hey Arnold’ did this. “Bullfights and swordfights, rolling in manuuure!”

The Ride of the Valkyries- Wagner Good song for a naval battle I guess? I can only think of the mini golf course I went to as a kid with the creepy castle on Hole 18 that played this.

Für Elise- Beethoven That one every amateur piano player loves to play because the beginning is just E and E-flat over and over. Also ballet and piano recital scenes in movies.

Dance of the Hours- Ponchielli Hello mudda, hello fadda, here I am at, Camp Granada…

Rigotello: La Donna e Mobile- Verdi More than a few sophisticated movie villains (or snobby good guys) have this playing on a Victrola. Also, tell me you don’t picture Pavaroti no matter who’s actually singing.

Night on Bald Mountain- Mussorgsky ?

Romeo and Juliet: Love Theme- Tchaikovsky More movie-love, usually building up to admitting they live each other.

Entry of the Gladiators- Julius Fucik I have one word for you: CIRCUS.

Lakmé: Flower Duet- Delibes OMG ALIAS. Nadia’s spy  backstory in Film Noir!

Peer Gynt: In the Hall of the Mountain King- Greig Mischievous Tiptoeing in Movies song. Also something growing out of control, slowly at first and then quickly, and (comically) exploding.

Rodeo: Hoedown- Copland The title says it all tbh.

Peer Gynt: Morning Mood- Greig Sunrise/waking up Movie Song du jour.

New World Symphony Mov. [2][4]- Dvorak Well now I’m thinking of “An American Tail” and I’m crying…

Ave Maria (You knew this, but did you know that it was by Schubert?) Nothing to add. I’m not a music snob, really, but if you didn’t know this, YOU SHOULD.

Canon in D- Pachelbel This is the one that the pretty Trans-Siberian Orchestra Christmas song comes from. :-)

Add others if you want! Have fun!

[actu-juridique]

Dans les Hauts-de-Seine, un Observatoire des violences faites aux femmes aux côtés des acteurs de terrain et en soutien aux associations

https://justifiable.fr/?p=418 https://justifiable.fr/?p=418 jozefmicic/AdobeStock En mars 2023, le département des Hauts-de-Seine s’est doté d’un Observatoire des violences faites aux femmes. À l’approche du 25 novembre, Journée internationale de lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes, Actu-Juridique s’est entretenu avec Camille Bedin, conseillère départementale déléguée à l’Égalité Femmes-Hommes, pour faire le point sur les actions menées depuis plus d’un an et connaître les chantiers à venir. Entretien. Actu-Juridique : D’où est venue la volonté de créer un Observatoire des violences faites aux femmes dans les Hauts-de-Seine ? Camille Bedin : L’Observatoire est né de cette volonté de visibilité et de synergie du travail des acteurs de terrain et des acteurs institutionnels. Le département des Hauts-de-Seine est engagé depuis longtemps sur cette question, notamment avec la création du dispositif Femmes Victimes de Violences (FVV92), qui consiste à accompagner les associations avec des subventions, mais aussi dans leur action auprès des femmes victimes de violences. Dans le cadre du nouveau mandat de Georges Siffredi, président du département des Hauts-de-Seine, nous avons voulu aller plus loin dans la coordination et la lisibilité de tout ce qu’il se passe sur le territoire. Bien sûr, la lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes, c’est avant tout un sujet qui dépend de la compétence de l’État, mais nous avons évidemment une part de responsabilité à prendre et donc modestement, nous voulons améliorer la cohésion et faire travailler ensemble les différents partenaires. AJ : L’Observatoire qui existe déjà en Seine-Saint-Denis depuis une vingtaine d’années vous a-t-il servi de modèle ? Camille Bedin : J’ai rencontré avec beaucoup d’admiration et à plusieurs reprises Ernestine Ronai, qui a fondé le premier Observatoire départemental des violences faites aux femmes en France en 2002. Nous avons beaucoup échangé, elle a d’ailleurs participé à la première formation de nos agents sur le sujet en 2023. Nous avons évidemment regardé ce qui se faisait en Seine-Saint-Denis, mais notre ambition n’est pas de faire l’Observatoire tel qu’il est dans le 93. Chacun a ses spécificités et elle me l’a d’ailleurs très bien dit elle-même, à l’époque elle l’a créé avec les personnes et les structures du 93, leur volonté, leur façon de faire, et nous faisons avec les personnes et les structures du 92, en s’adaptant aux réalités et aux volontés territoriales. AJ : Justement, quelles sont les spécificités d’un territoire comme le département des Hauts-de-Seine ? Camille Bedin : Il y a, sur le territoire des Hauts-de-Seine, des associations extrêmement fortes et relativement concentrées. Le dispositif FVV92, coordonné par plusieurs associations – l’Escale, l’AFED, l’ADAVIP et le Centre Flora Tristan – est vraiment un trait de caractère fort qui fonctionne bien avec des acteurs remarquables. En 2023, 1 866 femmes ont été accompagnées par ce dispositif dont 1 659 en tant que victimes de violences conjugales. Le département des Hauts-de-Seine accompagne les associations spécialisées autant qu’il peut, à hauteur de 1,9 million d’euros de subventions, notamment pour le dispositif FVV92, l’aide aux victimes, le soutien à l’hébergement temporaire et d’urgence, et à l’évaluation et au suivi des demandes de Téléphones Grave Danger (TGD), par l’Escale. Autre spécificité, récente et dûe à l’Observatoire, c’est l’action menée en matière de développement de l’éducation et de la sensibilisation des jeunes. La sensibilisation des collégiens sur le thème de l’égalité femmes/hommes, c’est un volet important et nouveau, puisque la lutte contre les violences commence par là, par la lutte contre les préjugés et les stéréotypes, par la sensibilisation aux phénomènes de violences et de harcèlement sur les réseaux sociaux. Sur l’année 2023-2024, on a sensibilisé au total 17 500 collégiens avec différentes actions, notamment le Curious Lab’, des moments de partage en atelier où on rassemble les collégiens et où on leur fait partager leur vision des métiers. Il y a l’action contre la précarité menstruelle de l’Institut des Hauts-de-Seine, Toutes Culottées, sur des sujets malheureusement pas ou très peu abordés, l’intimité, la sexualité, le respect de son corps, du corps des autres. J’ai été frappée qu’en France en 2024, on en soit à ce niveau d’inculture de nos enfants sur ces sujets-là, c’est dramatique. C’est urgent d’y remédier. AJ : Quels sont les premiers constats au bout d’un an d’actions menées par l’Observatoire ? Et quels sont les prochains chantiers ? Camille Bedin : L’Observatoire montre la nécessité de se parler. À chaque réunion entre les différents acteurs, on se rend compte que le travail social sur ce genre de thématiques est difficile et très solitaire. Le fait de se rencontrer, de partager, de se donner des bons contacts, de s’entraider, de faire part de ses besoins, c’est hyper utile. L’Observatoire a aussi formé des professionnels du département : 300 personnes en 2023, et à nouveau 300 sur 2024. Un guide pour les acteurs de terrain a été créé, destiné à toutes les personnes qui travaillent dans le département, dans les associations, dans les tribunaux, dans les CCAS, dans l’éducation. Ça permet de donner des informations de base quand une femme arrive dans une situation d’urgence : qu’est-ce qu’on fait, qui on appelle, comment ça se passe pour obtenir des « bons taxis », quels sont les process, les numéros utiles. Ce guide a été actualisé pour l’année 2024-2025. C’est un bon exemple de ce qu’on fait en termes de lisibilité. Nos professionnels ont été formés au repérage des violences et à l’usage du violentomètre, cela peut paraître tout bête mais c’est très utile pour apprendre à poser les bonnes questions. Nous souhaitons élargir ces formations, toucher les professionnels de santé, les éducateurs, les médiateurs dans les collèges. Concernant notre action logement et hébergement, nous allons dresser prochainement un diagnostic territorial au niveau des acteurs locaux et institutionnels. Enfin, la campagne d’affichage « Une c’est déjà trop » a été menée à l’automne 2023, pour diffuser le numéro à appeler en cas de violences et interpeller sur la gravité du phénomène. Elle a été bien reçue et elle sera renouvelée en novembre. Les statistiques d’appels sur cette période avaient explosé, et on a tendance à se dire que c’est catastrophique, mais en réalité, ça signifie que les gens parlent donc c’est plutôt une bonne nouvelle. De plus, nous avons organisé l’an dernier un colloque avec 300 agents de terrain sur le thème des cyberviolences. On tiendra le même format sur une nouvelle thématique : les violences au sein des couples adolescents et des jeunes.

[dijonbeaune]

Cité de Dijon : un dîner-spectacle d'exception avec Bruno Solo et Eric Laugérias

Lundi 4 novembre, la Cité de la gastronomie de Dijon et Bourgogne Magazine organisent un dîner-spectacle exceptionnel. Meursault, Bruno Solo et Eric Laugérias seront les guest-stars ! Dimanche 10 mars 2024, 16h. Eric Laugérias, parrain de la 63e Vente des vins des Hospices de Nuits, parvient à réveiller une vente aux enchères timide pour la cuvée Hugues-Perdrizet (un nuits-saint-georges 1er cru…

[dealthorpakp]

30 mars 1986 Assistent au service de Pâques à la chapelle Saint-Georges de Windsor

[shubhaytoursandtravel]

Explore Paris: Revealing the Iconic Landmarks and Hidden Gems

Paris, commonly known as the City of Lights, is famous for its romantic atmosphere, iconic landmarks, and diverse cultural legacy. From the impressive Eiffel Tower to the exquisite art collections of the Louvre, Paris enchants tourists with its enduring allure and appeal. Shubhay Tours will lead you on an exploration of Parisian streets, uncovering its main attractions, secret treasures, and lively districts, guaranteeing a fulfilling experience during your stay in this captivating city.

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Discovering the Famous Sites of Paris

Eiffel Tower: A journey to Paris is incomplete without a stop at the Eiffel Tower, the city's most recognizable symbol. Visitors can either take in panoramic views of Paris from the top or have a romantic picnic in the charming Champ de Mars park that surrounds the iconic structure.

Louvre Museum: Discover a world of art and history at the Louvre Museum, where you can admire countless masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo. Take your time to explore the extensive collection, spanning from ancient civilizations to the Renaissance.

Notre-Dame Cathedral:  Appreciate the breathtaking Gothic design of Notre-Dame Cathedral, situated on the lle de la Cite. Ascend to the summit to enjoy sweeping city vistas or partake in a mass to immerse yourself in the cathedral's profound spiritual essence.

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Champs-Elysees:  Wander down the prestigious Champs-Elysees, one of the most famous avenues in the world, lined with luxury shops, theaters, and cafes. Make sure to visit the Arc de Triomphe at the avenue's western end for stunning views of the avenue and the city beyond.

Montmartre: Uncover the bohemian district of Montmartre, famed for its charming cobblestone streets, vibrant artistic past, and breathtaking cityscapes. Stop by the iconic Sacré-Cœur Basilica and stroll through enchanting squares and galleries.

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Undiscovered Treasures & Cultural Highlights

Le Marais: Experience the hip enclave of Le Marais, renowned for its historical buildings, trendy stores, and bustling nightlife. Roam the narrow pathways and secret gardens, pausing to enjoy a falafel at L'As du Fallafel or a delightful confection at Maison Georges Larnicol.

Canal Saint-Martin: Unwind from the city's busy atmosphere with a stroll along the picturesque Canal Saint-Martin. Appreciate the delightful bridges, cozy waterfront cafes, and lively street art that decorate the canal's pathways.

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Pere Lachaise Cemetery:  Explore the tranquil surroundings of Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and pay tribute to its renowned residents such as Oscar Wilde, Jim Morrison, and Edith Piaf. As you wander along the tree-lined paths, you will come across beautifully adorned tombs and monuments, offering a unique experience amidst the serene ambiance.

Saint-Germain-des-Pres: Delight in the bohemian atmosphere of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, a historic quarter beloved by artists and intellectuals. Explore the quaint bookshops, savor a coffee at legendary cafes such as Cafe de Flore and Les Deux Magots, and bask in the literary history that surrounds you.

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Conclusion

The city of Paris possesses an irresistible charm that lingers in the minds of all those who have the privilege to visit. With its iconic landmarks and picturesque districts, Paris offers a multitude of captivating encounters. Whether immersing yourself in world-renowned museums, relishing the flavors of French cuisine, or simply taking a stroll along the Seine, Paris never fails to captivate and ignite the imagination. So, gather your belongings with Shubhay Tours, immerse yourself in the exquisite beauty of the City of Lights, and create cherished memories that will stand the test of time.

[lonesomemao]

EMOTION DECATHLON

Georges Moustaki

Photo de lui

Il ressemble à,Abraham

Et à Karl Marx

La Révolution Permanente

Depuis la Rue Saint-Antoine

Base Alexandrie

Mercredi 27 mars 2024

[quentinyhk]

Mon chat sauvage

Ode minuscule au félin des forêts qui, de sa présence solaire, referma la plaie morale de mon plexus

Coquelicots et beaux muguets Célèbreront nos retrouvailles Toi, le félin que je quittai Moi, peu poète, alors canaille. En ce jardin que je connais, Devenu pré où j’imagine Tes miaulements qui m’appelaient, Où je viendrai, l’âme chagrine D’avoir laissé derrière moi Tes ronronnements de bon chat, Nous resterons. Dans la prairie, Sous un doux soleil éternel, Pris dans un été infini À toi, seul, suis resté fidèle. Coquelicots et beaux muguets Entoureront nos retrouvailles Toi, le félin qui me couvrait Moi, le rimeur au cœur en faille.

Quentin Cavellier

Influences subies : la chansonnette "Auprès de mon arbre" de Georges Brassens [1921-1981] ; le livre "Le Petit Prince" (1943) d'Antoine de Saint-Exupéry ; la "Prière pour aller au paradis" (1972) aux paroles écrites par Jean Roland Francois Musy et interprétées par la vedette Marie Laforêt. Date de rédaction : nuit du mardi 19 au mercredi 20 mars 2024, matinée du 20 mars 2024.

[hospedagempelomundo]

O que fazer em Paris

Paris, a cidade do amor, da arte e da história, é um destino que conquista o coração de milhões de viajantes todos os anos. Com sua arquitetura de tirar o fôlego, culinária deliciosa e atmosfera única, ela oferece a seus visitantes uma variedade de experiências inesquecíveis. Se estiver planejando uma viagem à capital francesa, aqui estão algumas das atrações imperdíveis, veja o que fazer em Paris.

Se você está procurando por passeios em Paris e quais são os pontos turísticos da cidade, listamos os principais:

Torre Eiffel;

Museu do Louvre;

Arco do Triunfo;

Catedral de Notre-Dame;

Museu d’Orsay;

Jardim de Luxemburgo;

Centro Pompidou;

Opéra Garnier;

Basílica do Sacré-Coeur;

Pontos turísticos de Paris

Este é um destino imperdível, repleto de atividades e pontos turísticos sensacionais. Uma das primeiras coisas que você não pode deixar de fazer em Paris é visitar a icônica Torre Eiffel.

Paris oferece uma infinidade de atividades e pontos turísticos para todos os gostos. Desde monumentos icônicos até bairros charmosos, há sempre algo novo para descobrir nesta cidade encantadora. Então, prepare-se para se encantar com a magia parisiense e aproveite ao máximo sua estadia na cidade das luzes.

Torre Eiffel

Colocamos em primeiro lugar, pois é um símbolo indiscutível de Paris e da França, a Torre Eiffel é uma estrutura impressionante que oferece vistas panorâmicas de tirar o fôlego da cidade.

Publicidade

Tenha uma ótima vista do principal ponto turístico de Paris a partir do Trocadero. De lá é possível tirar a foto inteira da torre.

Endereço: Champ de Mars, 5 Av. Anatole France, 75007 Paris, França.

Museu do Louvre – O que fazer em Paris

Lar de algumas das obras de arte mais famosas do mundo, como a Mona Lisa de Leonardo da Vinci, o Museu do Louvre é um tesouro inestimável de cultura e história. Mas não fique preso a ver somente a nessa pintura, ele possui fantásticas coleções como egípcia, greco-romana e muito mais!

Com tanta arte e cultura, o museu do Louvre é uma das coisas legais para fazer em Paris.

Endereço: 75001 Paris, França.

Arco do Triunfo

Construído em homenagem às vitórias militares de Napoleão Bonaparte, o Arco do Triunfo é um dos principais monumentos de Paris, com vista para a famosa Avenue des Champs-Elysées. Suba até o topo para desfrutar de uma vista panorâmica da cidade e admirar o encontro das avenidas nessa rotatória tão famosa

Endereço: Praça Charles de Gaulle, encontro com a avenida Champs-Élysées, 8.º arrondissement.

Catedral de Notre-Dame

A previsão dela ser reaberta é para dezembro de 2024.

Endereço: 6 Parvis Notre-Dame – Pl. Jean-Paul II, 75004.

Museu d’Orsay – O que visitar em Paris

Aproveite também para admirar a própria estrutura do museu, como por exemplo ir por trás do relógio da fachada em que você tem uma bela e interessante vista da cidade e do Rio Sena.

Endereço: Esplanade Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, 75007.

Jardim de Luxemburgo

Um oásis de calma no coração da cidade, o Jardim de Luxemburgo é perfeito para um passeio relaxante ou um piquenique. Não é permitido piquenique em seu gramado, tem uma área reservada e sinalizada para isso.

É um dos maiores parques públicos da cidade de Paris. Fica entre os bairros de Saint Germain des Prés e Quartier Latin.

Endereço: 75006 Paris, França.

Centro Pompidou

Endereço: Place Georges-Pompidou, 75004.

Opéra Garnier

A Opéra Garnier é uma obra-prima da arquitetura neobarroca e um local deslumbrante que combina luxo e opulência. Faça uma visita guiada e explore os magníficos interiores, incluindo o famoso salão de baile e a pintura de teto de tirar o fôlego de Marc Chagall.

Sua arquitetura inspirou a criação de alguns teatros pelo mundo, incluindo o Teatro Municipal de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro.

Endereço: Pl. de l’Opéra, 75009.

Basílica do Sacré-Coeur

Localizada na colina de Montmartre, a 130 metros de altura, a Basílica do Sacré-Coeur oferece uma bela vista da cidade. Sendo um dos lugares imperdíveis ao pensar em o que fazer em Paris.

Vale a pena conhecer os arredores do bairro de Montmartre, o bairro dos pintores.

Endereço: 35 Rue du Chevalier de la Barre, 75018.

Por fim, não se esqueça de dar um passeio ao longo do Rio Sena e admirar os belos monumentos de Paris em suas margens.

Ela é uma cidade linda e cada um desses monumentos oferece uma visão única de sua rica história e cultura. Portanto, reserve um tempo para explorar esses tesouros e deixe-se encantar pela magia da Cidade Luz.

Hotéis em Paris

Para sua experiência ser muito boa e ao mesmo tempo econômica, fizemos este artigo sobre Hotéis baratos em Paris. Nele é possível encontrar ótimas acomodações, para aproveitar ainda mais sua viagem e seus passeios em Paris.

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