#exoplanetological

[twotales]

Chuck absolutely loves Astronomy, especially Astrometry and Astrogeology. You wanna talk exoplanets and star systems? You wanna know all the names?

He's your guy.

He even founded the Exoplanetology club on Atlantis.

Yup, totally canon.

[hijabiworm]

I don’t think people realize how rare life on planets is, how us existing on Earth is just so insane. All we ever knew was a planet full of life so we take it for granted— do you know how delicate life is, how exact the conditions on Earth have to be in order to hold life? that’s why I can no longer say « the universe is soooo big, there’s gotta be life somewhere » because I learned a fraction of what it took for there to be life here on Earth and I now know how difficult it would be for another planet to meet the impossible demands and standards of life!!

[factsandstuffbyd]

We all need a planetset, moonset and sunset on hard days to stay inspired

[tragedyloved]

"Shall I tell you what’s out there?" for Lex

@corvidamned

He sits behind his desk, chin tilted upward, gaze curious on the newcomer to his office. If not for the slow day, he would have told Mercy to ignore them at the door. Lucky for Kira, he was bored enough to entertain.

He leaned back into his leather office chair, a little smirk on his face.

"And what makes you think I don't already know?" Lex said, steepling his fingers. "I'm not interested in games. Tell me what you want, and then maybe we can share riddles."

[tarragonblack1235813213455]

THE UNIVERSE OF SPACE SCIENCE

ASTRONOMY

This galaxy of space science is interested in how stars, planets, and space, basically everything else outside of Earth, operate.

We can divide ASTRONOMY into several solar systems:

ASTROMETRY:

The solar system of astronomy that has an interest in mapping celestial bodies.

THE WORLD(S) OF ASTROMETRY:

☆EXOPLANETOLOGY

This world of astrometry is interested in the number of planets that exist outside our solar system. And where these are located.

ASTROBIOLOGY

This solar system of astronomy is searching for life everywhere else, but Earth.

THE WORLD(S) OF ASTROBIOLOGY:

☆EXOBIOLOGY

This world of astrobiology has an interest in examining the possibility for life to be found and its location in space.

ASTROCHEMISTRY

This solar system of astronomy has an interest in any substance inside a celestial body, star, or a part of interstellar space.

ASTROPHYSICS

This solar system of astronomy will have an interest in the physical laws applied in outer space.

THE WORLD(S) OF ASTROPHYSICS:

☆COSMOLOGY

This world of astrophysics will be interested in the creation, evolution, and fate of the universe.

☆SPECTROSCOPY

This world of astrophysics will be interested in the reflection, absorption, and transference of light between matter.

SOLAR SCIENCE is the moon orbiting the world of astrophysics

*HELIOPHYSICS

This asteroid of solar science will be interested in the sun’s radiation and its effect in the surrounding space.

*HELIOSEISMOLOGY

This asteroid of solar science will be interested in the interior of the Sun, given away from the observation of an oscillation.

SPACE DUST WITHIN HELIOSEISMOLOGY:

1. GLOBAL HELIOSEISMOLOGY is the space dust of helioseismology that will be interested in the study of the Sun's resonant mode.

2. LOCAL HELIOSEISMOLOGY is the space dust of helioseismology that will be interested in the study of the propagation of the component wave near the Sun's surface.

THE WORLD(S) OF ASTROPHYSICS (Continued):

☆ASTEROSEISMOLOGY

This world of astrophysics will be interested in the internal structure of any star through the observation of its oscillation cycle.

☆PHOTOMETRY

This world of astrophysics will be interested in the luminosity of an astronomical object in space based on its electromagnetic radiation.

THE SPECIALIZATION(S) OF ASTROPHYSICS ARE:

1. ATOMIC PHYSICS

Atomic physics is a discipline within astrophysics that will study the atomic structure and the interaction between separate atoms.

2. NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Nuclear physics is a discipline within astrophysics that will study a proton and a neutron at the center of an atom and the interactions that hold them together in a space just a few femtometres across.

3. CONDENSED-MATTER

The study of CONDENSED MATTER is a discipline within astrophysics that will focus on the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phase that will arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject will study the condensed phase of matter: a system of many constituents with strong interactions among them. A more exotic condensed phase will include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at an extremely low cryogenic temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase of spins on crystal lattices of atoms, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in below freezing atomic systems.

4. PLASMA

The study of PLASMA is a discipline within astrophysics that will examine almost all of the observable matter in the universe found in the plasma state. Formed at high temperature, plasma consists of freely moving ions and free electrons. It is often called the “fourth state of matter” because its unique physical properties distinguish it from a solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma densities and temperatures vary widely, from the cold gases of interstellar space to the extraordinarily hot, dense cores of stars. Plasma densities range from those in a high vacuum with only a few particles inside a volume of 1 cubic centimeter to 1,000 times the density of a solid.

5. SUPER-FLUIDITY

The study of SUPER-FLUIDITY is a discipline within astrophysics that will examine the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity, which could flow without any loss of kinetic energy.

6. GENERAL RELATIVITY

The study of GENERAL RELATIVITY is a discipline within astrophysics that will examine GRAVITY, a fundamental force in the universe. Gravity does define macroscopic behavior, which will describe large-scale physical phenomena. General relativity does, however, follow from Einstein’s principle of equivalence: on a local scale. It is impossible to distinguish between a physical effect due to gravity and those due to acceleration. Gravity is regarded as a geometric phenomenon that could arise from the curvature of space-time.

7. QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY

8. STRING THEORY

ASTROGEOLOGY

This solar system of astronomy will have an interest in the study of rocks, terrain, and material in space.

THE WORLD(S) OF ASTROGEOLOGY:

☆EXOGEOLOGY

This world of astrogeology will study how geology would relate to celestial bodies like moons, asteroids, meteorites, and comets.

☆SELENOGRAPHY

This world of astrogeology will study how any physical feature on the moon formed, such as the lunar maria, craters, and the range of mountains.

[hubbucket]

HubBucket Inc | Space Exploration and Discovery in the 21st Century

Some of the many branches of Space Sciences that we at HubBucket Inc ("HubBucket") research and support include but are not limited to Astronomy, Astrophysics, Computational Astrophysics, Plasma Astrophysics, Space Physics, Stellar Astronomy, Galatic Astronomy, Extragalactic Astronomy, Cosmology, Physical Cosmology, Chemical Cosmology, Planetary Science, Planetary Oceanography, Exoplanetology, Astrochemistry, Astrobiology, Space Biology, Space Chemistry, Astrobotany, Archaeoastronomy, Space Archaeology, Forensic Astronomy, Theoretical Astronomy, Photometry, Spectroscopy, Observational Astronomy (Ground-based and Space-based Observatories), Radio Astronomy, Submillmetre Astronomy, Infrared Astronomy, Optical Astronomy, High-Energy Astronomy, Cosmic Ray Astronomy, X-ray Astronomy, Gamma-ray Astronomy, Neutrino (Neutrinos) Astronomy, Gravitational Wave (Gravitons) Astronomy, etc.

Mr. VonVictor Valentino Rosenchild Founder Chairman President/CEO HubBucket Inc | Brooklyn, NY (USA) U.S. Navy Cryptology Veteran

[spacenutspod]

In a recent study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, a team of international researchers examined exoplanet TOI-4860 b, which is located approximately 80 parsecs (261 light-years) from Earth and has an orbital period of approximately 1.52 days around a low-mass star, or a star smaller than our Sun. Exoplanets orbiting so close to their parent stars aren’t uncommon and commonly known as “hot Jupiters”. However, TOI-4860 b is unique due its relative size compared to its parent star, along with its lower surface temperatures compared to “hot Jupiters” and possessing large amounts of heavy elements. These attributes are why researchers are classifying TOI-4680 b as a “warm Jupiter”, and could challenge traditional planetary systems formation models while offering new insights into such processes, as well. “Under the canonical planet formation model, the less mass a star has, the less massive the disc of material is around that star,” said Dr. George Dransfield, who recently submitted her PhD thesis at the University of Birmingham and is a co-author on the study. “Since planets are created from that disc, high-mass planets like Jupiter, were widely expected not to form. However, we were curious about this and wanted to check planetary candidates to see if it was possible. TOI-4860 is our first confirmation and the lowest mass star hosting such a high mass planet.” For the study, the researchers used a myriad of observatories and instruments, including TRAPPIST-South/North, the SPECULOOS South Observatory, and MuSCAT3, to collect photometric and spectroscopic data on several transits of TOI-4860 b passing in front of its parent star. In the end, the researchers calculated that TOI-4860 b is approximately 0.76 the radius of Jupiter while its parent star is approximately 0.34 the radius of our Sun. For comparison, Jupiter’s radius is approximately 70,000 kilometers (43,500 miles) while the Sun’s radius is approximately 700,000 kilometers (435,000 miles), making Jupiter’s radius approximately 10 percent of our Sun. Using these numbers, this puts the radius of TOI-4860 b at approximately 53,200 kilometers (33050 miles) with the radius of its parent star at 238,000 kilometers (147,886 miles), making TOI-4860 b’s radius approximately 22 percent of its parent star, or more than double the radius between Jupiter and our Sun. But how did such a large exoplanet come to form around such a small star? “A hint of what might have happened is hidden in the planetary properties, which appear particularly enriched in heavy elements,” said Dr. Amaury Triaud, who is a professor of exoplanetology at the University of Birmingham, and lead author of the study. “We have detected something similar in the host star too, so it is likely that an abundance of heavy elements catalyzed the planet formation process.” The researchers determined that TOI-4860 b contains heavy elements based on its density at 1.55 times that of Jupiter, which is comprised primarily of lighter elements such as hydrogen and helium. Artist illustration of a warm Jupiter gas-giant exoplanet (right) orbiting its parent star, along with several smaller exoplanets. (Credit: Detlev Van Ravenswaay/Science Photo Library) Based on these findings, specifically pertaining to the large radius of TOI-4860 b compared to its parent star, the researchers refer to TOI-4860 b as a “warm Jupiter” since its surface temperature is approximately 350 degrees Celsius (662 degrees Fahrenheit), far less than “hot Jupiters”, some of which can reach 2750 degrees Celsius (4900 degrees Fahrenheit) on their dayside. Previous studies have identified warm Jupiters as having orbital periods of greater than 10 days, along with their systems hosting additional planets, as well. Thus, TOI-4860 provides astronomers with a unique opportunity to examine these unique exoplanets and gain insights into their formation and evolution. For next steps, the researchers have been granted time at the Very Large Telescope, in Chile, which they plan to use in hopes of identifying additional warm Jupiters or even exoplanets with similar characteristics. Examples of other confirmed warm Jupiters include EPIC 211418729 b and EPIC 211442297 b. Both were discovered in 2017 and are located approximately 1,569 and 1,360 light-years from Earth with approximate surface temperatures of 445.85 degrees Celsius (834.5 degrees Fahrenheit) and 408.85 degrees Celsius (768 degrees Fahrenheit), respectively. In 2019, astronomers confirmed the existence of TOI-677 b, which is a Jupiter-sized exoplanet located approximately 463 light-years from Earth with an approximate surface temperature of 979 degrees Celsius (1,794 degrees Fahrenheit). What new discoveries will astronomers make about warm Jupiters in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science! As always, keep doing science & keep looking up! The post This Jupiter-Sized Exoplanet is Unusual for Several Reasons appeared first on Universe Today.

[fruityyamenrunner]

you can trace the chain back beyond "pluto must die", although i certainly agree that agreement on this was the immediate political cause of the judgenent. like the man says in the title of his book, pluto had it coming. pluto is like another god, caesar, in this regard.

for instance, the orbit clearing thing was a way to express a fact about the new outer solar system: the bodies in it are important, but don't act like the bodies in the inner and inner outer solar system in that way.

i interpret the exoplanet thing as the sort of conservatism and dedication to having doctrine be empirically based that led to the pluto problem in the first place. exoplanetology is a strange science. it wouldn't be worth talking about orbit-clearing because the state of the art doesn't have enough to say about exoplanet orbits for it to be relevant like they're concerned about delimiting planets from brown dwarves.

personally i think i see the term "exoplanet" too often, and mostly think of them as "planets". it should be obvious from context that a planet orbiting a star called "C0X P3N15-69" is an exoplanet because that's an entirely different star from the Sun. you don't have to call it an "exoplanet" every time.

I've noticed something I find somewhat concerning and it's that for a lot of people, 'pluto is a planet' has fallen into the stock list of examples for what one might call 'science denialism', along with things like antivaxx, denying the existence of feathered (non-avian) dinosaurs, and flat earthers

there's a sentiment that goes like 'well, sure, you learned in school that the solar system has nine planets, but Science Marches On and we now know it has eight' and while certainly people should not take what they learned in school to be immutable law they should also like. have a concept of the rather significant difference between 'we've learned something new about the world' and 'we've decided to slice up the world in categories along different lines'

slicing up the world into categories is one of the basic operations of human thought and if you do not understand it well enough that you think 'people used to think the earth flat -> now we know better' and 'astronomers used to call pluto a planet -> now they don't' are analogous processes then you fucked up somewhere.

and if you don't think they are analogous, if you understand the difference i am pointing out and think it does not matter to the quest of listing stock examples of people disagreeing with things scientists say, well. you fucked up in a different place, probably.

[not331-blog]

[ @exoplanetological ]

-- The little sister bit her lip, fingers clenching and clenching at her side. The phone rang. And rang. And rang. Each one was expected-- she had done her part in destroying their relationship, after all. Small wonder that Lex would let it go to voicemail.

Did he know that she had gone to his funeral? 

A pick up on the other line, be it secretary or her brother himself. A rush of words, trying to get it out as best she could before they hung up. “Lex. T--this is Lena.” A small hitch in her voice had her slow down.

Luthor’s don’t cry. The anger in Lionel’s voice towards Lex. The admiration towards her. She’d been so foolish not to see it before but god, she had just wanted a family. To not feel abandoned and cast away after being left alone at such a young age.

 “I heard that... that you went to the hospital again. I-- I know that we haven’t spoken in, well, quite a while. But I wanted to... no, I needed to tell you that I’m sorry for how I treated you.

“ I know it’s far, far too late for words. But I wanted to make that clear. Even if you don’t believe me. I know I hurt you. But I have a clearer head now. And I hope that maybe, since they released you, you do as well. And if you need to talk... I’m here. I’m here for you, big brother. Lex. If you need to talk to anyone, even if-- even if it’s about Julian. I won’t get mad. I know you were young. I-- I don’t blame you.” The wrong thing to say. Practically shoving her Louboutins into her mouth. 

“Or if you just want to catch up, and we won’t mention any of the shadows that hang over us. We can focus on... the brighter things. I know it seems disingenuous that I’m only reaching out to you after this. Maybe it is. But I mean it, every word.” 

And she finally breathes, and waits for the other to speak.

[okieufo]

1.

lex was gone and then he wasn’t, a flurry and a breath and he was alive again! and it was horrible, because he was suffering again. and he died four more times.

2. 

one of alton’s deepest fears was his immortality. if he didn’t get hurt, did that mean he couldn’t die? would he be wandering the earth, forever looking 30 years old, among the rubble and 99 red balloons?

and then alton finally met clark who told him that no, they apparently didn’t die. they lived for a long time.

3.

once over moonshine strong enough to get a kryptonian drunk, clark told alton about lois and about how he was terrified that she was going to die. that even if he saved her, he couldn't stop her from aging.

4.

lex was back in his arms. alton was awake and staring at the ceiling. listening to him breathing. and a terrifying, disgusting thought. 

that, at least if he was going to be around for the end of the world, he would have clark and kara and lex with him. lex would be around just as long as alton was. even when it was just them. 

it would be hell, but it would be a little bit less of a hell if he had someone with him.

5.

he finally got himself to sleep. he dreamed of earth, overtaken by nature. unkempt and wild after the humans had died out. 

kara had mon-el, alton had lex. clark had ghosts and memories. they all separated and wandered the ruins of the world, had every inch memorized over the centuries. watching new animals rise and die out in miniature extinctions. it kept the boredom at bay.

the trees started slowly turning into new species. centuries into ages. nature changing while they didn’t.

they would all meet in the forest that had once been a farmhouse. once a week-- did weeks exist now? time was a human construct and there were no humans left. they met when they wanted to.

alton kept the farmhouse clean. he would use other houses to cannibalize boards and nails and after centuries ,there were no dead wood left so he would cut down trees of his own. theseus’ ship in a now alien forest that was one a cornfield.

he opened his eyes and it was only 2018 and there were still 7 billion humans on earth and countless alien races. and lex was in bed beside him.

6.

another dream, less surreal and more nightmarish. no clark or kara. only a burned city.

lex hates him, for some reason that dreams are always vague about. a fight over something the dream doesn’t bother to conjure up. 

but they are the only ones left. there is no one else to go to, no third party to talk to or to cool off with. so they simply separate, each in one hemisphere and totally alone. anger and rage still stewing with no outlet.

alton wakes up again, with a rattling and horrified gasp like the one that lex had first woken up with. lex is awake and staring at him and alton has no idea where they’re going to end up, but he’s here now. and now is enough. 

the future is too terrifying to consider for long.

[amazonexile]

exoplanetological replied to your photoset “Rewatched Wonder Woman and I can’t help but think that there’s...”

It's to show the dichotomy between how diana is being raised, the seriousness of war but how removed it is from their life. That training is almost more of a game than it is an actual preparation for battle--at least for diana. This innocence versus the very thing shes being protected from.

I was wondering that too as well given what Diana sees later in the movie. Thanks for sharing your thoughts!

[labyriinths]

Blurred

Grant had only been in Metropolis for a short period of time, but he had been able to locate the facility where Lex was being held. He didn’t understand why he was there, nor why they kept him in complete solitary. When he spoke with Lionel, he had mentioned that Lex had a mental disorder he was being treated with. The medications that were given to him was keeping him from being completely lucid, for his safety. None of it made sense to Grant, but he still wanted to see him, rather than wait until he was ‘better.’ Signing his name in the visitor log, they gave him a badge, and they escorted him to his room.

The room resembled that of asylum, and Lex was tightly confined in some sort of rectangular box. If it weren’t made of metal, he would of mistaken it as a coffin. Grant felt uneasy, but nonetheless entered the room. Was this the really the brother Lionel had told him was dangerous?. That had wanted him dead? Once closer, Grant looked at Lex’s face, searching for some form of humanity to the so called monster he had been told about before. “Hello, brother.”

[factsandstuffbyd]

Exoplanets are any planets beyond our solar system. Five most prominent methods of detection of exoplanets are radial velocity or wobble method, transit spectroscopy method, gravitational microlensing method, direct imaging method and Astrometry method.

The radial-velocity method, also known as the wobble method, is an indirect method for detecting extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs by observing Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.

A transit is a phenomenon that occurs when a celestial body passes directly between another celestial body and the observer. Transit method types are transit spectroscopy, Transit timing variation and Transit duration variation. Transit method is the most prominent method of detection of exoplanets.

Gravitational Microlensing uses the "gravitational lensing" a concept proposed by Albert Einstein to detect exoplanets or extrasolar planets.

Telescopes are used to directly image the exoplanets using the direct imaging method of detecting exoplanets.

Astrometry is the technique which deals with the positions and motions of celestial objects like stars and planets.

[zzapzzaptasers-a]

exoplanetological replied to your post: ✉ A fandom that you feel is open and accepting?

Nah they got funky with TFA. You should’ve seen the amount of shit some ppl were getting for Luke skywalker hcs. Like complaining that anyone who wrote him as anything other than ace or gay was wrong.

ahHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 

why do people have to engage in bierasure the fuckers

[gothamincarnate]

[ @anamelessblade // lex vs lex FIGHT ]

-- “THAT’S CUTE.” Lex smirked at his younger self. “You think any of these alien invaders are capable of caring about you? Some adopted family to pretend to hold close to your heart? After everything dear ol’ Dad sacrificed for us, you’re just going to... let yourself become so weak. So loving and emotional. What happened to only caring about ourselves?”

[anamelessblade]

                 “I’m not really in the business of hiding things. These days, people want transparency and I’m giving it to them. That’s why LuthorCorp is doing so well. We have a brand that people trust. I’d never think to dishonor that with...some underhanded scheme.”