#cameron geddes

[monochromiamen]

Cameron Geddes

[my-leatherboy]

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"Minimum Wage Declared Handicap to Apprentices," Vancouver Sun. May 18, 1933. Page 9. --- SKILLED HELP PREFERRED --- MERCHANTS SUGGEST CHANGES IN PROVINCIAL ACT - NO SUGGESTION TO LOWER MINIMUM SALARIES ---- No suggestion that the minimum wage for women should be lowered was heard at the opening sessions Wednesday of an extensive inquiry being conducted by the Women's Minimum Wage Board.

It was urged, however, by representatives of the ladies' ready-to-wear section of the Retail Merchants' Association that the apprentice period should be extended from one year for girls over 18 years to four years with a lower wage to start.

Around this suggestion centred the discussion Wednesday evening, when the Board held its second session for the mercantile classification.

Adam Bell, of Victoria, is presiding over the sittings which will continue in Vancouver until June 7, as chairman of the Board and deputy Minister of Labor.

ACT ENFORCED The sittings of the Board are public.and written as well as verbal suggestions were invited by the chairman on the wage problems of employers and employees.

Desiring to dispel some of the misconceptions existing concerning the minimum wage, Mr. Bell referred particularly to the statement frequently heard that the Act is not being enforced.

"I know that in many instances the statement may be attributed to lack of knowledge," he said, "but on the other hand, much as I regret to say so, I find it hard to disbelieve that in some instances the statement is made with the sinister purpose of under-mining the whole structure of the minimum wage in this province.

"I hardly require to point out that there never was a time when conditions rendered enforcement more difficult than do the conditions existing today.And yet I say without fear of contradiction that there never has been a time since the Act was passed in 1918 when the Board and its officials have worked more earnestly and zealously to have the regulations observed."

COLLECTED $3581 In proof of this contention, Mr. Bell stated that in 1931, $3581 was collected for women and girls who were paid less than the legal wage; in 1932-$2840, and to date this year $1572.

Sitting with Mr. Bell are Mrs. Helen Gregory MacGill, Herbert Geddes and Miss Mabel Cameron, secretary.

Miss Helen Guttridge charged that the depression had caused many employees tacitly to agree to violation of the Minimum Wage Act and warned of an even more difficult time ahead in this regard if inflation invades Canada.

As a representative of the League of Women Voters, Mrs. E. M. Crosfield Women Voters, Mrs. E. M. Crosfield operating under city license, where girls are taken on in the guise of apprentices and worked without pay, she said, merely to learn to operate a pressing plant or a power machine.

HIRED BY THE HOUR In some instances, premiums had been charged for the knowledge gained in these "schools" which were in direct competition with factories, Mrs. Crossfield alleged.

This matter, Mr. Bell suggested, comes under the heading of manufacturing and Mrs. Crossfield promised to discuss it more fully at to-day's sitting.

A weak point in the Act, according to R. Skinner of the Vancouver Retail Employees' Association, and one that is being taken advantage of by employers, is that they may hire by the hour.

Consequently, he said, girls may be brought from near and far to work a few hours in the morning and a few hours late in the afternoon, getting perhaps $1 or $1.15 and having to stay downtown idle for several hours between the periods of work.

DEDUCTIONS ILLEGAL Mr. Skinner also contended the minimum wage is defeated in some cases by employers making deductions as high as one-third for clean clothing or for other reasons.

The chairman pointed out that deductions are not permitted under the statute; they may be made only in the case of public housekeeping employees for board and lodging.

Returning to his first point, Mr. Skinner urged that the board should fix a minimum number of hours for an employee engaged on the hourly basis.

"Is it not better," asked Mr. Bell, "to keep a girl busy for a few hours than lay her off altogether?"

Mrs. Susie Lane Clark, representing the Local Council of Women, called attention to the fact that in Manitoba boys have been brought within the provisions of the Minimum Wage Act, something which the women's council has been petitioning the B.C. Government to do for several years.

She contended that there should be more inspection with a view to more strict enforcement of the statute and Miss Theresa Hartney, speaking as an employee, urged that house- workers be included in the Act.

ALLEGES BLACKLISTING P. Floyd, from the Trades and Labor Council, suggested that the mercantile employers are so well organized that employees who inform against them for infractions of the Minimum Wage Act are blacklisted, but the chairman pointed out that it is impossible to successfully prosecute defaulters without first-hand evidence.

He called attention to the penalty provided for employers who penalize employees for informing.

A more equitable application of the Act would be possible, the Board was informed by George Matthews, secretary, Retail Merchants' Association, if it were subdivided. Regulations relating to apprentices, he said, are of paramount importance to the ladies' wear section of the association, who discussed the matter Tuesday evening.

He was supported by I. L. Kostman in his argument that a lengthening of the apprentice term and reduction in the wage for girls over 18 years of age would benefit both employers and employees.

More apprentices could be engaged and those who learn slowly could be given a longer time in which to make good.

INEXPERIENCED HELP At the present rate of $9 weekly with a quarterly increase until the minimum wage is reached, merchants cannot afford to hire inexperienced help and teach them, Mr. Kostmen contended.

The change sought, he declared.would not affect efficient employees.

He could get all the girls he could use at $12.75, the minimum wage./but he preferred those who are worth more, Mrs. MacGill observed it would be hard to convince some people that it takes four years - the time taken for the average university course to teach the work done in the mercantile trade.

Miss Betty Wilkinson, of Spencer's Ltd. declared that $12.75 is little enough to pay a girl of 18 years.

It takes just as much training to teach a girl to sell notions as ready-to-wear, she claimed.

[phoenixlegendary]

Cameron Geddes

[immerdunkel]

Cameron Geddes by Joem Bayawa

[maleadjusted3]

Cameron Geddes

[aquaticmaga]

Cameron Geddes

[iwantmydegrassi]

[sonofashton-blog]

James Alexssen, Son of Ashton

[my-leatherboy]

[stellabystarlight12]

Cameron Geddes

[swobe]

How does critical sociological work on ‘race’ and class help us move beyond symbolic stories of Brexit?

In the build-up to the 2016 European Union (EU) Referendum, ‘analysts concluded that there was ‘little risk’ of an anti-establishment backlash for then Prime Minister, David Cameron’ (Goodwin et al., 2017) but the result that followed sent shockwaves across the global political landscape.

Numerous political framings emerged in the wake of the ‘Brexit’ vote, seeking to explain how the status quo had been rocked so royally; some blamed it on a loss of national sovereignty to the EU; others working class Britons voicing their discontent about years of austerity; and many focused on public anxieties over immigration. However, there was a common theme amongst these explanations, that was the symbolic body of ‘left behind’ Britons, often posited as being ‘white and working class’ (Bhambra, 2017: 217). Critical sociological work on ‘race’ and class provides us with the tools to approach these symbolistic arguments in a more nuanced manner, by genuinely engaging with the emerging culture divide in UK politics. Bhambra states that rationalising the Brexit vote in these symbolistic ways risks conflating ‘socio-economic position with racialised identities’ and therefore can diminish the value of identity politics in understanding the UK’s political shift. (Bhambra, 2017: 217)

The vote itself highlights clear, but intricate fractures in the UK’s population, only emphasised further by the 2019 General Election results. Dubbed the Brexit Election, this was an opportunity for voters to realign themselves with rising national populism in the country and regain autonomy by expressing their desire to ‘Get Brexit Done’. The climate of stagnation perpetuated by the right-wing press (Alleyne, 2017) played into the hands of the UK’s technocratic right, as they were able to portray the opposition as cosmopolitan blockage, which undoubtedly influenced the further disruption of the UK’s ‘long-term tribal allegiances’ (Goodwin, 2018).  Yet again the Labour Party finds itself in an existential crisis, after refusing to accept that it relied on a structurally unsound electoral foundation. However, Labour falling to its largest defeat in over 80 years does not come as a surprise to some, most notably, Adam Przeworski, in Capitalism and Social Democracy (1985). Przeworski predicted that social democracy’s electorate was going to gradually, over time, become increasingly incoherent and divided between ‘university educated, middle-class’ voters and the remaining ‘socially conservative, working class’ voters (Przeworski, 1985), and with two thirds of Labour held seats voting Leave in the 2016 EU Referendum, it is clear that this cultural divide Przeworski predicted is beginning to materialise in Socially Democratic parties, like Labour. However, this essay is focused on the fundamental components of the Brexit vote and how sociological analysis has helped to better understand them, so on the topic of the collapse of Labour’s ‘Red Wall’, we will move North to look at the misappropriation of Sunderland as a symbol of the vote to leave the EU (Jackson, 2016).

In the aftermath of Brexit, attempts to highlight areas that have experienced post-industrial decline, particularly northern constituencies like Sunderland, as the crux of the Brexit methodology, personally became part of the issue. Lumping Briton’s from de-industrialised towns and cities together, and anthropologising that their decision was simply one of uneducated bigotry missed the narrative that the Leave campaign developed, which was one of culturally conservative, traditional, national identity. In order to progress beyond the anecdotal condemnation of cities to bigot status, Jackson engaged with the work of sociologist Anoop Nayak. Nayak’s research offers case studies of three specific subcultural youth groups in the North East, whose identities (Real Geordies, Charver Kids and Wiggers) are divided and differentiated by their closeness to Localist, Survivalist and Globalist ideologies respectively (Nayak, 2003). This work sought to make the case that subcultural studies have clearly overemphasized ‘race’ when studying non-white Britons, citing that “an over-racialization of visible minorities results in a de-racialization of ethnic majorities” (Nayak, 2003: 139) which constrains one’s ability to approach the issue of rising romantic nationalism in the UK.

To further explore the idea of romantic nationalism, we will engage with elements of the Leave campaign that played on a certain colonial nostalgia and mobilised anti-immigrant sentiment. The work of Virdee and McGeever (2018) addresses this directly and postulates that the Brexit vote actually comprised of two inherently contradictory but inter-locking visions of Britishness, the first was a ‘deep nostalgia for empire’ (Virdee & McGeever, 2018: 1803), which engaged with the issue of colonial reflection and was activated through ‘long-standing racialized structures of feeling about immigration and national belonging’ (Virdee & McGeever, 2018: 1803). The second, was more insular and sceptical of globalised structures, ‘Powellite’ (Virdee & McGeever, 2018: 1804) in its narrative of retreat. Throughout the campaign, the Leave side, more nativist in its ethic (Alleyne, 2017), played on existing racialized feeling within the UK, stoking ‘anti-EU and moreover anti-immigrant sentiment’ (Goodwin et al., 2017) in its slogans, speeches and leaflets. This familiar theme was ever-present in the language of Nigel Farage, whose ‘right-wing claims about potential mass immigration played into both public fears and the idea that the ordinary man or woman in the street is being sold-out by out-of-touch elites.’ (Geddes, 2013: 247)

Alexandra Bulat’s (2017) discourse analysis of Leave campaign leaflets suggested that the rapidly emerging literature on Brexit ‘lacked a detailed analysis on the nature of immigration arguments’ (Bulat, 2017: 1). Stating that campaign leaflets successfully mobilised existing anti-immigrant sentiment through the formulation of the ‘desirable’ and ‘undesirable migrant’ (Bulat, 2017: 1). Furthermore, there was a marked lack of Remain arguments and leaflets that provided a platform for voice of EU migrants, in fact there were none. This suggested that they were ‘spoken for’ (Bulat, 2017: 4) and not only did this unfairly represent the UK’s migrant population (Bulat, 2017), but this enabled the Leave campaign to mobilise national protectionist sentiment completely unchallenged.

‘Europe’s neoliberal consensus has been drastically unsettled’ (Virdee & McGeever 2018), and the culture divide between traditional, socially conservative classes and socially liberal, cosmopolitan classes is only expanding. Therefore, with national populism on the rise, and the future of post-Brexit Britain proving to be uncertain, it is clear that sociological and cultural analysis hold enormous responsibility in helping us understand the changing political tide, ensuring that we move beyond symbolistic binaries of Brexit that only further strengthen the politics of division.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alleyne, B. (2017) 'Not in the Family Portrait: BME Voters and Brexit.’ Bhambra, G. (2017) 'Brexit, Trump and Methodological Whiteness.' British Journal of Sociology. Bulat, A. (2017) 'The brightest and the best' London: LSE. Geddes, A. (2013)  ‘Britain and the European Union.’ Palgrave Macmillan. Goodwin, M. (2018) ‘National Populism: The Revolt Against Liberal Democracy.’ (2018) Goodwin, M. Clarke, M.D. & Whiteley, P. (2017) ‘Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union.’ Cambridge University Press. Jackson, E. (2016) 'On the Mis/uses of Sunderland as Brexit Symbol.’ Nayak, A. (2003) ‘Race, Place and Globalization: Youth Cultures in a Changing World.’ Przeworski, A. (1985) ‘Capitalism and Social Democracy.’ Virdee, S & McGeever, B. (2018) Racism, Crisis, Brexit, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41:10, 1802-1819.

[leatherducttapeprettyboys]

Cameron Geddes

[peach-salinger]

✧･*ﾟscottish surnames

→ link to my scottish female name masterlist → link to my scottish male name masterlist

under the cut are 733 scottish surnames. this masterlist was created for all in one breath rp at the request of lovely el, but feel free to link on your own sites! names are listed in alphabetical order. ❝mac❞, ❝mc❞ and ❝m❞ are split into three sections because i mean... look at them. please like♡ or reblog if you found this useful.

abbot(son), abercrombie, abernethy, adam(son), agnew, aikenhead, aitken, akins, allan(nach/son), anderson, (mac)andie, (mac)andrew, angus, annand, archbold/archibald, ard, aris, (mac)arthur

B

(mac)bain/bayne, baird, baker, balfour, bannatyne, bannerman, barron, baxter, beaton, beith, bell, bethune, beveridge, birse, bisset, bishop, black(ie), blain/blane, blair, blue, blyth, borthwick, bowie, boyd, boyle, braden, bradley, braithnoch, (mac)bratney, breck, bretnoch, brewster, (mac)bridan/brydan/bryden, brodie, brolochan, broun/brown, bruce, buchanan, budge, buglass, buie, buist, burnie, butter/buttar

C

caie, (mac)caig, (mac)cail, caird, cairnie, (mac)callan(ach), calbraith, (mac)callum, calvin, cambridge, cameron, campbell, canch, (mac)candlish, carberry, carmichael, carrocher, carter, cassie, (mac)caskie, catach, catto, cattenach, causland, chambers, chandlish, charleson, charteris, chisholm, christie, (mac)chrystal, (mac)clanachan/clenachan, clark/clerk, (mac)clean, cleland, clerie, (mac)clinton, cloud, cochrane, cockburn, coles, colinson, colquhoun, comish, comiskey, comyn, conn(an), cook, corbett, corkhill, (mac)cormack, coull, coulthard, (mac)cowan, cowley, crabbie, craig, crane, cranna, crawford/crawfurd, crerar, cretney, crockett, crosby, cruikshank, (mac)crum, cubbin, cullen, cumming, cunningham, currie, cuthbertson

D

dallas, dalglish, dalziel, darach/darroch, davidson, davie, day, deason, de lundin, dewar, dickin, dickson, docherty, dockter, doig, dollar, (mac)donald(son), donelson, donn, douglas, dorward, (mac)dow(all), dowell, (macil)downie, drain, drummond, (mc)duff(ie)/duff(y), duguid, dunnet, dunbar, duncan, dunn, durward, duthie

E, F

eggo, elphinstone, erskine, faed, (mac)farquhar(son), fee, fergus(on), (mac)ferries, fettes, fiddes, findlay, finn, finlayson, fisher, fishwick, fitzgerald, flanagan, fleming, fletcher, forbes, forrest, foulis/fowlis, fraser, fullarton, fulton, furgeson

G

gall(ie), galbraith, gammie, gardyne, (mac)garvie, gatt, gault, geddes, gellion, gibb(son), gilbert, gilbride, (mac)gilchrist, gilfillan, (mac)gill(ivray/ony), gillanders, gillespie, gillies, gilliland, gilmartin, gilmichael, gilmore, gilroy, gilzean, (mac)glashan, glass, gloag, glover, godfrey, gollach, gordon, (mac)gorrie, gourlay, gow, graeme/graham, grant, grassick, grassie, gray, gregg, (mac)gregor(y), greer, greig, grierson, grieve, grimmond, (mac)gruer, gunn, guthrie

H

hall, hamill, (mac)hardie/hardy, harper, harvie, hassan, hatton, hay, henderson, hendry, henry, hepburn, herron, hood, hosier, howie, hugston, huie, hume, humphrey, hunter, (mac)hutcheon, hutcheson

I, J, K

(mac)innes, irving, iverach, ivory, jamieson, jarvie, jeffrey(s), johnson, johnston, jorie, (mac)kay, (mac)kean, keenan, keillor, keir, keith, kelly, kelso, keogh, kemp, kennedy, (mac)kerr(acher), kesson, king, kynoch

L

laing, laird, (mac)laine/lane, lamond, lamont, landsborough, landsburgh, lang/laing, larnach, laurie/lawrie, lees, lennie, lennox, leslie, lindsay, little(son), lithgow, livingston(e), lobban, logan, lorne, lothian, lovat, love, loynachan, luke, luther

MAC-

mac ruaidhrí, mac somhairle, mac suibhne, macadam, macadie, macaffer, macainsh, macalasdair, macallister, macalonie, macalpine, macanroy, macara, macarthy, macaskill, macaskin, macaughtrie, macaulay, macauslan, macbean, macbeath, macbeth(ock), macbey, macbriden, macbryde, maccabe, maccadie, maccaffer, maccaffey/maccaffie, maccalman, maccambridge, maccann, maccance, maccartney, maccavity, maccaw, macdowell, maccheyne, maccodrum, maccomb(ie), maccorkindale, maccormick, maccoll, macconie, macconnachie, macconnell, maccoshin, maccoskrie, maccorquodale, macclaren, maccleary, macclew, maccloy, macclumpha, macclung, macclure, macclurg, maccraig, maccrain, maccreadie, maccrimmon, maccrindle, maccririe, maccrone, maccrosson, maccuaig, maccuidh, maccuish, macculloch, maccurley, macdermid/macdiarmid, macdougall, macdui, macduthy, maceachainn, maceachen, macelfrish, macewan/macewen, macfadyen, macfadzean, macfall, macfarlane/macpharlane, macfater/macphater, macfeat, macfee, macfigan, macgarrie, macgarva, macgeachen/macgeechan, macgeorge, macghie, macgibbon, macgillonie, macgiven, macglip, macgriogair, macgruther, macguire, macgurk, machaffie, macheth, machugh, macichan, macinnally, macindeoir, macindoe, macinesker, macinlay, macinroy, macintosh, macintyre, macisaac, maciver/macivor, macilherran, macilroy, macjarrow, mackail, mackeegan, mackeggie, mackellar, mackelvie, mackendrick, mackenna, mackenzie, mackerlich, mackerral, mackerron, mackerrow, mackessock, mackettrick, mackichan, mackie, mackilligan, mackillop, mackim(mie), mackinven, mackirdy/mackirdie, mackrycul, maclafferty, maclagan, maclarty, maclatchie/letchie, maclaverty, maclearnan, macleay, maclehose, macleish, maclellan(d), macleman, macleod, macleòid, maclintock, macllwraith, maclucas, macluckie, maclugash, macmann(us), macmaster, macmeeken, macmichael, macmillan, macminn, macmorrow, macmurchie, macmurdo, macmurray, macnab, macnair, macnally, macnaught(on), macnee, macneish/macnish, macnicol, macninder, macnucator, macpartland, macphail, macphatrick, macphee, macphedran, macpherson, macquarrie, macqueen, macquien, macquilken, macrae/machray, macraild, macrob(bie/bert), macrory, macrostie, macshane, macsherry, macsorley, macsporran, macsween, mactavish, mactear, macturk, macusbaig, macvannan, macvarish, macvaxter, macvean, macveigh/macvey, macvicar, macvitie, macvurich, macwalter, macwattie, macwhannell, macwhillan, macwhinnie

MC-

mccabe, mccain, mcclelland, mcclintock, mcconell, mccracken, mccune, mccurdy, mcdiarmid, mcelshender, mceuen, mcewing, mcfadden, mcgeachie/mcgeachy, mcgowan, mcilroy, mcinnis, mcivor, mckechnie, mckeown, mclarty, mclennan, mcneill(age/ie), mcowen, mcphee, mcpherson, mcwhirter

M

maduthy, magruder, mahaffie, main(s), mair, major, malcolm(son), malloch, manson, marr, marno(ch), (mac)martin, marquis, massie, matheson, mathewson, maver/mavor, maxwell, may, mearns, meechan, meiklejohn, meldrum, mellis(h), menzies, mercer, micklewain, milfrederick, millar/miller, milligan, milliken, milne, milroy, milvain, milwain, moannach, moat, moffat, mollinson, moncrief, monk, montgomery, moore, moray, morgan, (mac)morran, morrison, morrow, morton, mossman, mucklehose, muir(head), mulloy, munn, munro, (mac)murchie/murchy, murchison, murdoch, murphy

N, O, P, Q

nairn, naughton, navin, neeve, neil, neish, nelson, ness, nevin, nicalasdair, niceachainn, (mac)nichol(son), nicleòid, (mac)niven, noble, ochiltree, ogg, ogilvy, o'kean, oliver, omay/omey, orchard(son), orr, osborne, park, paterson, patrick, patten, peacock, peat, peters, philp, polson, power, purcell, purser, qualtrough, quayle, quillan, quiller, quinn, quirk

R, S

(mac)ranald(son), randall, rankin, reid, reoch, revie, riach, (mac)ritchie, roberts(on), rose, ross, rothes, roy, ryrie, salmon(d), scott, selkirk, sellar, shannon, sharpe, shaw, sheen, shiach, sillars, sim(son/pson), sinclair, skene, skinner, sloan, smith, somerville, soutar/souter, stein, stenhouse, stewart/stuart, strachan, stronach, sutherland, (mac)swan(son/ston), swinton

T, U, V, W, Y

taggart, tallach, tawse, taylor, thom(son), todd, tolmie, tosh, tough, tulloch, turner, tyre, ulrick, urquhart, vass, wallace, walker, walsh, warnock, warren, ward, watt, watson, wayne, weir, welsh, whiston, whyte, wilkins(on), (mac)william(son), wilson, winning, wright, young

[maleadjusted3]

Cameron Geddes, Model

[luxe-pauvre]

The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in England in 2012 by the then prime minister David Cameron, whose son Ivan was born with a rare neurological disorder that baffled doctors and eventually claimed his life. The goal was to sequence 100,000 genomes from patients with cancer, rare disorders and infectious diseases, both to find diagnoses and potential treatments for them, but also, in so doing, establish the infrastructure to offer routine whole genome sequencing for rare diseases and cancer within the NHS by October this year. So far, it has sequenced more than 75,000 genomes – most of them from families with undiagnosed rare diseases – and diagnoses have been returned in around a quarter of cases. There are potential benefits for the health system too. Caulfield cites another example: a four-year-old girl with developmental delay, who had visited hospital 151 times for various consultations and tests – at a cost to the taxpayer of about £35,000 – before entering the 100,000 Genomes Project, which identified the genetic cause of her problem. “At least 20% of those hospital contacts could have been avoided if we had been able to do whole genome sequencing at an earlier point in her care,” says Caulfield. For a £600 test, you could potentially save £7,000.

Linda Geddes, Solving the genome puzzle.