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justsomeantifas · 3 years ago

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Essential Reading

Individual books:

Black Bolshevik Autobiography of an Afro-American Communist (PDF)

Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression (PDF)

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (PDF)

Racism and Borders: Representation, Repression, Resistance by Jeff Shantz

Bash The Fash: Anti-Fascist Recollections 1984-93 by K. Bullstreet (archive)

Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It by Leon Trotsky (PDF)

Reform or Revolution and Other Writings by Rosa Luxemburg (archive)

The Conquest of Bread by Peter Kropotkin (archive)

The Housing Question by Frederick Engels (PDF)

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution by Peter Kropotkin (archive)

Resistance: An Indigenous Response to Neoliberalism by Maria Bargh

From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor

Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement by Angela Y. Davis

Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones by Carole Boyce Davies

Selected Works of Karl Marx (PDF)

The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt (pdf)

The State and Revolution by Vladimir Lenin (archive)

The Class Struggles in France, 1848-1850 by Karl Marx (PDF)

Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism by David Harvey (PDF)

Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America by Ibram X. Kendi

Strategy for a Black Agenda by Henry Winston (PDF)

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander

History of the World Crisis by Jose Carlos Mariategui (archive)

Are Prisons Obsolete? By Angela Y. Davis (PDF)

Assata: An Autobiography by Assata Shakur (PDF)

Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools by Monique W. Morris

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific by Frederick Engels (PDF)

Blood and Politics: The History of the White Nationalist Movement from the Margins to the Mainstream by Leonard Zeskind

Capital by Karl Marx (PDF Vol.1) (PDF Vol.2) (PDF Vol.3)

Zapata and the Mexican Revolution by John Womack

Physical Resistance: A Hundred Years of Anti-Fascism by Dave Hanh

Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-based Society by Andre Gorz (PDF)

The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life by George Katsiaficas (PDF)

Police State: How America’s Cops Get Away with Murder by Gerry Spence

Policing Dissent: Social Control and the Anti-Globalization Movement (Critical Issues in Crime and Society) by Luis Alberto Fernandez

Our Enemies in Blue: Police and Power in America by Kristian Williams (PDF - note needs to be zoomed in a lot but it comes out clear)

Stop, Thief!: The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance by Peter Linebaugh

Resistance Behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women by Victoria Law

The People’s Spring: The Future of the Arab Revolution by Samir Amin

Fire the Cops! by Kristian Williams

Against Equality: Queer Revolution, Not Mere Inclusion by Ryan Conrad

Direct Action: An Ethnography by David Graeber (PDF)

Militant Anti-Fascism: A Hundred Years of Resistance by M. Testa

The Anatomy of Fascism by Robert O. Paxton (PDF)

What Is To Be Done? By Vladimir Lenin (archive) (PDF)

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by Benjamin Walter (PDF)

Our Synthetic Environment by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

Social Ecology and Communalism by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

The Third Revolution: Popular Movements in the Revolutionary Era by Murray Bookchin (link)

Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm by Murray Bookchin (PDF)

Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. Debs (link) (alternative link)

Walls & Bars by Eugene V. Debs (link)

Abolition Now!: Ten Years of Strategy and Struggle Against the Prison Industrial Complex (PDF)

Instead Of Prisons: A Handbook For Abolitionists

The Fall of the Prison: Biblical Perspectives on Prison Abolition by Lee Griffith

Abolition Democracy: Beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture by Angela Davis

The Revolution Starts at Home: Confronting Intimate Violence Within Activist Communities by Ching-In Chen

Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex by Eric A. Stanley (PDF)

Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation by Beth E. Richie

Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States by Joey L. Mogul

Slaves of the State: Black Incarceration from the Chain Gang to the Penitentiary by Dennis Childs

Full Archives:

Archive of the writings of Vladimir Lenin

Archive of the writings of Leon Trotsky

Archive of the writings of Alexandra Kollontai

Archive of the writings of Manabendra Nath Roy

Archive of the writings of CLR James

Archive of the writings of George Padmore

Archive of the writings of Walter Rodney

Archive of the writings of Rosa Luxemburg

Archive of the writings of Amilcar Cabral

Archive of the writings of Charu Mazumdar

Archive of the writings of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels

Archive of the writings of Eugene V. Debs

Marx on audio, and a few free audiobooks, and here’s a Youtube page that reads chapters from communist books.

By Topic - links will have definitions, books, audio, other readings, etc. :

Alienation

Anti-Revisionism

Anti-Imperialism and Marxism in Africa

Anti-Imperialism in the MENA

Bangladesh and Communism

Bolsheviks

Britain and Communism

Chinese Communism

Early American Marxism

Education

Ethics

Eurocommunism

Fascism and How to Fight It

German Revolution

Greek Civil War

Guerilla Movement in Iran

Hungarian Uprising

Japanese Marxism

Jewish Socialists and the Labor Movement

Latin America and Marxism

LGBTQ Movement

Marxism and Anti-Imperialism in India

Marxist Humanism

May Day

Philosophy

Precapitalist Societies

Political Economy

Natural Science

Psychology

Revolutionary France

Russian Revolution of Oct. 1917

Spanish Civil War

The Soviet Union

Trotskyism

Utopian Socialism

War and Military Science

Working Class Organization

Women and Marxism

Yugoslavia

#resources #politics #economics #feminism #etc.

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vampireadamooc · 7 years ago

Link

Friendly reminder that the FBI Files are publicly available - updated weekly as FOIA Requests are processed.

Direct Links to A-P (August 4th 2017)

The Vault Index

The FBI has converted many FOIA documents to an electronic format (PDF), and they may be viewed below. In the case of voluminous pages, only summaries or excerpts from the documents are online. Subjects are sorted alphabetically by first name. You can also use your browser's find feature to locate subjects on the page.

Al Capone Animal Mutilation Ali Hasan Al-Majid Al-Tikriti (Chemical Ali) Albert Anastasia ACLU Aristotle Onassis American Friends Service Committee Aryan Nation Anna Nicole Smith Anthony Blunt Alfred Kinsey Abner Zwillman Albert Einstein Anthony Spilotro ABSCAM Arthur Flegenheimer (Dutch Schultz) Alcatraz Escape Alcoholics Anonymous Al Gore, Sr. Amerithrax Anwar Nasser Aulaqi Amelia Boynton Abbie Hoffman Adolf Hitler Asian American Political Alliance Amelia Mary Earhart Andrew Phillip Cunanan Anthony Salerno All American Anti Imperialist League American Nazi Party Arthur Rudolph Aryan Brotherhood Atlanta Child Murders Aryan Circle Almighty Latin Kings Abe Fortas Arthur R. "Doc" Barker Arnold Palmer Armando Florez Ibarra Alvin Francis Karpis Attempted Assassination of President Ronald Reagan Alger Hiss Ariel Sharon Art Modell

Black September Bertolt Brecht Billy Carter Bishop Fulton Sheen Bonus March Barker-Karpis Gang Summary Bloods and Crips Gang Bonnie and Clyde Black Dahlia (Elizabeth Short) Basque Intelligence Service Bugsy Siegel Bayard Rustin Benjamin Hooks Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee Black Guerilla Family Black Mafia Family Bernard Baruch Black Panther Party BOMBROB Betty Shabazz Bureau Aviation Regulations Policy Directive and Policy Guide Bernard Julius Otto Kuehn Bettie Page Billy Martin Barker/Karpis Gang

Caryl Chessman Cardinal Francis Spellman Cambridge Five Spy Ring Carmine John Persico, Jr. Custodial Detention Clyde A. Tolson Clark Gable Charles Manson Council on Foreign Relations Charles Lindbergh Clarence Smith (aka 13x) Clarence Darrow Carl Sagan Carmine Galante Conference Cost Reporting and Approvals to Use Nonfederal Facilities Policy Directive 0927D Charlie Chaplin Casey Kasem Cartha DeLoach Christopher (Biggie Smalls) Wallace Charles "Chuck" Wendell Colson Contract for Assistance Regarding Syed Farooks iPhone Charlie Wilson Courtney Allen Evans Claudia Johnson Carlo Gambino Christic Institute Cesar Chavez Clergy and Laity Concerned about Vietnam Charles Rebozo Charles Kettering Claudia Jones Christian Identity Movement Carl Sandburg Charles (Sonny) Liston Columbine High School Criminal Profiling Coretta Scott King Charles Arthur (Pretty Boy) Floyd Custodial Detention Headquarters Carlos Fuentes COINTELPRO Custodial Detention Security Index

Danny Kaye David Koresh Daily Worker Dinah Shore Dorothy Dandridge Duquesne Spy Ring Director Comey Letter to Congress Dated October 28, 2016 Diversity and Inclusion Program Policy Guide Policy Directive 0842D Daniel David "Dan" Rostenkowski Daniel Inouye Daniel Schorr Demonstrations against Lyndon B. Johnson Desi Arnaz Diana, Princess of Wales D. Milton Ladd Dr. Samuel Sheppard Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower Director Comey Letter to Congress Dated November 6, 2016 David Hahn Debbie Reynolds David Howell Petraeus Daniel Patrick Moynihan D. B. Cooper

Erich Fromm Emmett Till E. B. (William) Dubois Extra-Sensory Perception Eliot Ness Electronic Recordkeeping Certification Policy Guide 0800PG Edward Irving "Ed" Koch Elizabeth Taylor Everette Hunt Edward Abbey Elizabeth Arden Edward Kennedy (Duke) Ellington Elvis Presley Eugene McCarthy Eddie Cantor Eleanor Roosevelt Evelyn Frechette Eric Wright (Eazy-E, EZ E) El Rukns Elijah Muhammad Ernest Hemingway Eugene “Gene” Curran Kelly Explanation of Exemptions

FBI Miami Shooting, April 11, 1986 Frances Perkins Fred Hampton Frank Capone FBI History Francis Gary Powers Frank Sinatra FBI Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Classification Guide Fred W. Phelps, Sr FBI Ethics and Integrity Program Policy Directive Policy Guide FBI Student Programs Policy Guide 0805 PG Fannie Lou Hammer Frank Rosenthal FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (DIOG) FBI Undercover Operations FBI Terrorist Photo Album Five Percenters Frank Wortman FBI Use of Global Positioning System (GPS) Tracking Frank Malina FDPS FBI Sign Language Interpreting and Reading Program 0889D FBI Seal Name Initials and Special Agent Gold Badge 0625D FOIA DISCLAIMER Fidel Castro Freedom Riders FBI Assistance Provided to Local Law Enforcement During the Black Lives Matter Movement FBI Recreational Association(s) 0465D FOIA Requests Containing the Word Trump Fritz Julius Kuhn Fred G. Randaccio Fred C. Trump

George (Bugs) Moran Greenlease Kidnapping George (Machine Gun) Kelly Groucho Marx Guy Hottel Gov. Edmund Gerald (Pat) Brown, Sr. Gene Siskel German American Federation/Bund Geraldine Ferraro Gangster Disciples Grace Kelly Greenpeace George Jackson Brigade Guantanamo (GTMO) George Burns George Lester Jackson General Douglas MacArthur General Telecommunications Policy 0862D George S. Patton, Jr. Gay Activist Alliance Ghost Stories: Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Illegals Gamergate Gregory Scarpa, Sr George Orson Welles George Steinbrenner

Hugo Black Henry Louis (H.L.) Mencken Henry A Wallace Herbert Khaury (Tiny Tim) Highlander Folk School Hanns Eisler Henry Miller Howard Zinn Huey Percy Newton HEARNAP Honoraria Policy 0867D Herman Barker Harold Glasser Hubert H. Humphrey Helen Keller Harland David "Colonel" Sanders Hindenburg Harry S. Truman Hillary R. Clinton Howard Robard Hughes, Jr

Interpol Irgun Zvai Leumi Irving Berlin Impersonation of Bhumibol Adulyadej Imperial Gangsters I Was a Communist for the FBI (Motion Picture) Irwin Allen Ginsberg Ian Fleming Irving Resnick

Jack Soble Jefferson Airplane Jack Benny Jack the Ripper Jesse James James Cagney John F. Kennedy Jr. John Murtha Joseph Aiuppa Jonestown (RYMUR) Summary Joseph Lash John Ehrlichman John L. Lewis John (Jake the Barber) Factor Joseph P. (Joe) Kennedy, Sr. John Steinbeck John Arthur (Jack) Johnson Janis Joplin Jimmy Hoffa Jessica Mitford Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer Jack Anderson John Wilkes Booth Joe Paterno Jay David Whittaker Chambers John Joseph Gotti, Jr James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix James Baldwin Joseph Losey John Siegenthaler Jeannette Rankin Jack Roosevelt Robinson Judith Coplon James Joseph Brown John Wayne (Marion Robert Morrison) Jerry Garcia Jane Addams John Chancellor John Wayne Gacy Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) Robinson John D. Rockefeller, III John Dillinger John (Handsome Johnny) Roselli John Profumo (Bowtie) J. Edgar Hoover Julius and Ethel Rosenberg J. Edgar Hoover Appointment and Phone Logs Jesse Helms Jonestown J. Edgar Hoover Official and Confidential (O&C) Files Joe Louis Joan Alexandra Rivers Jack Dempsey John Denver James Farmer James McDougal John Updike Jerry Heller Josephine Baker Joseph Paul "Joe" DiMaggio John Winston Lennon

Kent State Katherine Oppenheimer Kent State Shooting Ken Eto Kansas City Massacre Kiss

Lady Bird Johnson Louis Allen Leander Perez, Sr. Legal Handbook for FBI Special Agents Louis (Lepke) Buchalter Liberace Lyndon B. Johnson Laboratory Reference Firearms Collection Policy LD0020D Louie Louie (The Song) Louis Francis Costello Lucia Stepp Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Lillie Belle Allen League of Women Voters Lillian (Lily) Hellman Lester Joseph Gillis (Baby Face Nelson) Lenny Bruce Lucille Ball Luis Buñuel Louis Terkel Langston Hughes Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Leon Trotsky Leonard Bernstein Lloyd William Barker

Marilyn Monroe Motion Picture Copyright Infringement Mississippi Burning (MIBURN) Case Michael (Mike) Royko Martin Luther King, Jr. Melvin Purvis Malcolm X Muriel Rukeyser Marilyn Sheppard Madalyn Murray OHair Mack Charles Parker Mexican Mafia Mafia Monograph Morris and Lona Cohen Medgar Evers Moorish Science Temple of America Mary Jo Kopechne (Chappaquiddick) Majestic 12 Marian Anderson Michael Jackson Machine Gun Kelly Murray Humphreys Michael Hastings Michael Whitney Straight Melvin Belli Marvin Gaye Marlene Dietrich Malcolm Little (Malcolm X) Meir Kahane Mario Savio Mohammed Khalifa MAOP Margaret H. Thatcher Myron Leon "Mike" Wallace Miami Boys Mario M. Cuomo Muammar Qadhafi Mattachine Society Meyer Lansky Mickey Mantle MIOG Mark Felt Martin Dies, Jr. Muhammad Ali Marcus Garvey

Nikola Tesla Norman Mailer Neil Armstrong National Rifle Association (NRA) New Alliance Party Nuestra Familia National Security Letters (NSL) National States Rights Party NAACP National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) National Organization for Women (NOW) Nation of Islam Nelson Mandela National Gang Threat Assessment Next Generation Identification Monthly Fact Sheets Non-Retaliation for Reporting Compliance Risks Naming and Commemorating FBI Buildings and Spaces 0910D

Osage Indian Murders Owen Lattimore OKBOMB Original Knights of the KKK

Pearl Buck People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) President Richard Nixon's FBI Application Purple Gang (aka Sugar House Gang) Project Blue Book (UFO) Philip Ochs Protests in Baltimore, Maryland, 2015 Pablo Escobar Patriot Act Paul Harvey Paul Robeson, Sr. Pulse Nightclub Shooting Personal Services Contracts Policy Directive 0957D Percy Sutton Pentagon Spy Case Policy: Custodial Interrogation for Public Safety Policy Directive 0481D Physical Fitness Program Policy Directive and Policy Guide 0676PG

#FBI Files #Research #Resource

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rollingstonemag · 6 years ago

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Un nouvel article a été publié sur https://www.rollingstone.fr/mumford-and-sons-appel-mainstream/

Mumford & Sons, l'appel du mainstream

Avec Delta, son nouvel album, l’ancien groupe folk Mumford & Sons consolide sa carrière et s’impose désormais comme un poids lourd à la U2. Au prix de compromis discutables…

Bienvenue au musée de la langue de bois, des phrases publicitaires et des formules marketing : “innovation”, “changement radical”, “nouveau”, “excitant”. Marcus Mumford, chanteur, batteur et prête-nom de Mumford & Sons, dispense ce genre de lieux communs avec une conviction irritante. “Actuellement, nous sommes au mieux de notre forme, on sent qu’on est en train d’atteindre notre zénith de créativité”, dit-il au sujet de Delta, le dernier album du groupe. Et d’ajouter rapidement : “Ce qui ne veut pas dire que nous sommes le meilleur groupe du monde.”

La machine médiatique, lancée il y a quelques mois, est comparable à celle des grandes multinationales telles que U2 ou Coldplay. Règle n° 1, histoire de combler le temps entre la fin de la production de l’album et sa sortie : plus on doute de la qualité de l’œuvre, plus on doit s’étendre en anecdotes. Outre l’évaluation de sa propre performance (“zénith créatif”), pourquoi ne pas évoquer des absurdités, comme la “technique” de mixage du producteur Paul Epworth ? Une moitié de sa console de studio aurait servi à enregistrer The Dark Side of the Moon et l’autre moitié, Some Girls – comme si l’écho de ces monuments allait ressurgir sur Delta ! Autre exemple, la fierté de Mumford quand il raconte comment ils ont trituré le son d’un banjo au point que celui-ci n’était plus reconnaissable. “On s’est demandé pourquoi ne pas nous dépasser en essayant d’intégrer le banjo comme instrument principal, de manière à ce qu’il sonne comme personne ne l’a jamais entendu !” s’enthousiasme-t-il encore.

En 2015, Mumford & Sons avait déjà délaissé le banjo qui avait dominé les deux premiers albums. Wilder Mind marquait le passage au rock, façon stade. Mais, dans le genre perfecto et guitares électriques sur fond de clichés seventies, les Kings of Leon avaient déjà placé la barre très haut. Malgré de bonnes ventes, l’album est vite tombé dans l’oubli. Cependant, pour Mumford, Wilder Mind était une étape nécessaire : “On s’était rendu compte qu’à partir de là, on pouvait aller où on voulait.”

Sigh No More, qui signait leurs débuts en 2009, sonnait pourtant comme un revival du folk fait main. Mais l’invraisemblable popularité dont Mumford & Sons a joui ensuite a débouché directement sur un Babel (2012) empreint d’un pathos hymnique qui n’était plus qu’attitude. Cris emphatiques, brouhaha de mélodies et de stomps accompagnés de fingerpickings ahurissants… Le charme d’un morceau comme “I Will Wait” ne pouvait pas être reproduit à l’infini. “Nous avons craint d’y rester coincés, explique Mumford. Après deux albums acoustiques, il aurait été contre-nature de continuer ainsi. S’entourer d’un tel corset stylistique ne correspondait plus à nos goûts, qui sont bien plus larges.”

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Mumford & Sons avait fait la connaissance d’Epworth bien avant Wilder Mind, mais l’emploi du temps du réalisateur était déjà rempli par des clients célèbres, comme U2, Coldplay ou Adele. “On lui avait envoyé un tas de démos. Elles étaient assez mauvaises, c’est surprenant qu’il ait accepté ! se souvient Mumford, ironique. Aujourd’hui, ils seraient les meilleurs amis du monde, et les souvenirs des séances aux studios Church d’Epworth, dans le nord de Londres, ne sont qu’éloge : “Je pourrais en parler pendant des jours. Travailler avec lui a été l’une des meilleures expériences que j’aie jamais vécues. Il est devenu un frère pour nous.” Dans son église reconvertie en studio, frère Epworth aurait par ailleurs été assez exigeant avec le groupe. Niveau silence, d’abord, car il n’y a aucune séparation entre la régie et les musiciens. Puis une charge de travail qui a fait impression. “Il ne semble jamais à court d’énergie créative. Il était déjà sur place quand on arrivait le matin et il y restait encore après notre départ.”

Règle n° 2 pour satisfaire aux exigences de la promo : parler d’“expérimentations musicales” en pratiquant un name dropping bien dosé et ciblé. Moins une influence semble probable, mieux c’est. Ainsi, pendant les séances, ils auraient écouté Kanye West, Talk Talk et Charles Mingus. “Toutes ces préférences qu’on doit faire cohabiter, ce n’est pas toujours simple. Ted, par exemple, aime le reggae, moi pas vraiment”, dit Mumford en évoquant ses dissensions avec le bassiste Ted Dwane.

En effet, Delta offre les mêmes petites fusions stylistiques – un groove EDM par-ci, une texture hip-hop par là – qui font la farce de n’importe quelle production désireuse de compter ne serait-ce qu’un minimum dans le segment du mainstream. Et, pour y parvenir, Epworth a réussi à éliminer jusqu’à la dernière petite once de charme indie qui restait aux quatre Londoniens. Et voilà un Delta “pile poil” au format des standards de la mondialisation radiophonique : des missiles bombastiques de pseudo-émotions qui ratent le cœur mais pulvérisent l’esprit. Fétichisme technologique sans faille, surcharge d’effets “wembleyesques”, orgies de réverb’ de guitare et d’orchestrations épiques hollywoodiennes. Mais le succès leur donne raison…

Au moins, on ne pourra pas reprocher à Mumford & Sons d’être retourné en terrain connu après l’“expérimentation” électrique de Wilder Mind, car Delta n’est en rien un retour au folk plutôt dépouillé de leurs deux premiers albums. Au contraire, ils ont saisi l’occasion de consolider davantage leur carrière et sont à présent l’un des rares groupes ayant connu le succès avec de la musique faite main. On ne saura probablement jamais si les compromis qualitatifs pour rester dans l’air du temps ont été volontaires ou seulement dus au veto de leur management puisque, à partir d’un certain niveau de succès, tout comme les grandes marques ou les gouvernements, les artistes maintiennent une façade politiquement correcte à toute épreuve. Malgré tout, Marcus Mumford, Marshall Winston, Ben Lovett et Ted Dwane donnent l’impression d’avoir gardé un peu d’authenticité personnelle, du moins dans leurs textes. Parce qu’il s’en est passé, des choses, dans leurs vies de tout juste trentenaires. Au moins l’un des four big D’s (death, drugs, depression, divorce) aurait affecté chacun d’entre eux, selon le clavier Lovett. Directement ou par le biais d’autres personnes plus ou moins proches ? La réponse reste pudiquement discrète. Juste cette allusion de Mumford : “En trois ou quatre ans, dans la vie d’un adulte, on peut vivre un tas de merdes.”

Beaucoup de ces expériences auraient donc trouvé leur chemin jusque dans les textes. Par exemple, le mariage heureux de Mumford avec l’actrice Carey Mulligan, qu’il a épousée peu après leur collaboration pour le film Inside Llewyn Davis, des frères Coen – deux enfants pour le moment. Ou bien sa participation au tribute pour Dylan, Lost On the River: The New Basement Tapes. Ou encore son engagement caritatif pour les survivants de la tour Grenfell de Londres, dévastée par le feu le 14 juin 2017. Mumford a même pu visiter un camp de réfugiés près de Mossoul, en Irak. En espérant pouvoir aider les gens, ne serait-ce qu’en les écoutant. “Il y a des histoires qui doivent être écoutées. Cela me pose un problème que tant de gens ne soient pas entendus de nos jours…”

Certes. En revanche, quand on lit que Mumford & Sons a invité le quelque peu rustique psychologue et critique canadien Jordan Peterson dans le studio (on parle là d’un homme qui prévient régulièrement contre le “terrorisme du marxisme” et qui, après l’attentat au camion à Toronto, en avril 2018, avait dit “comprendre” un tueur “en colère contre Dieu parce que les femmes le repoussaient”), là, l’image du Marcus Mumford qui veut rendre la voix aux faibles et aux exclus de notre société se fissure. L’engagement humaniste d’un Mumford et l’agressivité anti-politiquement correct d’un Peterson, ça ne colle pas. “Guiding Light” est le titre du premier single extrait de Delta. Serait-ce la lumière du train qui arrive de l’autre côté du tunnel ?

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Max Gösche Traduction et adaptation : Peter Kröner

#Delta #Guiding Light #I Will Wait #mainstream #Marcus Mumford #Mumford & Sons #Paul Epworth

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thisdaynews · 5 years ago

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Boris Johnson loses another battle: Here’s why he might still win the war

New Post has been published on https://thebiafrastar.com/boris-johnson-loses-another-battle-heres-why-he-might-still-win-the-war/

Boris Johnson loses another battle: Here’s why he might still win the war

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. | Leon Neal/Getty Images

Britain

The British prime minister lost every vote in the House of Commons on Wednesday, but an election could save him yet.

Another day, another batch of humiliating defeats for Boris Johnson.

The British prime minister lost all four votes in the House of Commons on Wednesday, bringing him to an ignominious 0-for-5 in his first series of Parliamentary votes — a first for a British leader.

Story Continued Below

He watched as members of Parliament ganged up to try and further delay Britain’s exit from the European Union whileeliminatingthe possibility of leaving without a negotiated deal. To add insult to injury, lawmakers thenrefusedto approve an early general election, which Johnson had pushed for in an effort to increase his waning support.

In short, it was a bad day for Boris.

But it’s not a political death sentence. He might even eventually win.

Here’s why.

What happens next?

While Wednesday’s votes got the ball rolling on another Brexit delay and on preventing a no-deal Brexit, neither outcome has been written in stone.

Instead, the attention now turns to the unelected House of Lords.

While the upper house of Parliament is expected to confirm the House of Commons’ decision to reject a no-deal Brexit, every day oit debates is a day Johnson is not being thrown out of office — and another day closer to the Oct. 31 Brexit deadline. And it looks like the House of Lords may bechatteringthrough the weekend.

That gives Johnson’s opponents a reason to approve that election sooner rather than later — a step they rejected today.

Parliament is suspended for five weeks starting Monday, putting the pressure on opposition parties to call the election or risk winding up with exactly what they’re trying to avoid: a no-deal Brexit on Oct. 31, a prime minister they hate and a shredded set of constitutional conventions.

What would an election actually accomplish?

In short, all sides need an election to help resolve Britain’s Brexit conundrum.

In the United Kingdom, every level of the country is divided. Scotland and Northern Ireland oppose Brexit; England and Wales support it. Cities back the EU, towns and villages back Brexit. Older age groups want out, young Brits are determined to stay in. Anything short of a national election leaves the country stuck in that rut.

In Parliament, rebels displayed strength this week in defeating Johnson, but it’s been a long time coming. Members of Parliament still don’t know what sort of Brexit they support, despite a deal being on the table for nine months already. An election could help guide them.

And at the EU, officials need another U.K. election to figure out who they’re supposed to negotiate with. Neither Johnson nor opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn commands the support of Parliament. And when the man in Downing Street talks about the contours of a new deal, he doesn’t follow through with specifics for the EU to seriously consider.

So what’s the holdup?

While an election offers the best chance for resolution, it also risks running the U.K. into another dead end.

It’s possible, maybe even likely, that voters would send large delegations from five parties to Parliament, further fragmenting it.

If that happens, get ready to learn another delightful British phrase: the hung Parliament. That’s where no party can form a government on its own, and must instead resort to a coalition government that spans geographies and ideologies.

But an election would at least give up-to-date information about what Britons meant when they voted for Brexit in 2016. We would know if Johnson really does have a mandate to pursue Brexit at any cost.

What are the chances Boris gets his mandate?

Johnson does have several significant advantages in an election.

Chief among them is that his main rival, Corbyn, is not very popular. In the 10 most recent national opinion polls, Corbyn’s average disapproval rating was in the mid-60s, compared with Johnson’s at around 40 percent.

Johnson has also boosted his party’s support levels in opinion polls since winning the keys to Downing Street. Conservatives now poll at an average of 34 percent, compared to 28 percent the week Johnson took over, according POLITICO’s poll of polls.

Corbyn is deeply distrusted by right-leaning voters because of his severe socialist policy prescriptions. And, as a long-term EU critic — who is committed to supporting the Brexit referendum result — he also frustrates many of the 16 million Britons who voted to stay in the EU. Corbyn’s team is also decimated after dozens of senior and moderate MPs resigned in recent years, and it’s a bit battered after facing recentcomplaintsof anti-semitism. It’s easy to see Corbyn stumbling in an election campaign.

Knowing that, Johnson is free to deal with the political threat to his right: Brexit purists, who rally around Nigel Farage and his new Brexit Party. Johnson has been dialing up rhetoric around the need to avoid “surrender” and “running up the white flag,” knowing that heroic language helps peel voters away from the Brexit Party, which has slumped to 12 percent since he took office.

So while things are going to look very bad for Johnson for a while, he’s hoping and planning for political fortune to swing dramatically his way in October. If it does, Johnson’s high-stakes Brexit gamble could have his fans comparing him to that other charismatic British blowhard who suffered a thousand defeats before winning the war: his hero, Winston Churchill.

#battle #Foreign #loses #Politics

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commie-cats · 7 years ago

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Books (Novels) I’ve read so far in 2017

#1 1984 (Nineteen Eighty-Four)

Author: George Orwell

Publisher: Bentang

Originally published: 1949

Score: 4.1/5 Goodreads

Synopsis:

Winston Smith is a thirty-nine-year-old, he working in Records Department in the Ministry of Truth. Winston hates the totalitarian control and enforced repression that are characteristic of his government and that makes Winston as a minority among the citizen. Any citizen action were monitory by the Party through Thought Police and telescreen to control citizen thought and prevent resistance. He always wondering why and how the party want to rule the country as long as they can, he found the reason how party ruling the totalitarian government and leaving “why”.

The Party monitored all citizen activity by locate telescreen and microphone in hidden place, so the citizen have no privacy. The Party also rewrite history according to Party will to control stability of the country. Any difference of thought and resistance are intolerable acts. And The Party led by Big Brother, who never appear in public.

Winston did all his activity secretly until someone watching him, whom he think Thought Police member who assigned to kill him, and the girl was Julia, she working in the Fiction Department at the Ministry of Truth, they acquainted by incident in their office room and she will be Winston’s lover. Winston and Julia have similarity interest, they planned to rebel the Party by joining the Brotherhood, a legendary group of anti-Party rebels.

They met O’brian, member of the Inner Party whom Winston believes is also a member of the Brotherhood. O’brian trap Winston and Julia by offer them to become member of the Brotherhood. Therefore O’brian can snoop their activity. O’brian also lend Winston forbidden book “ The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism“ by Emmanuel Goldstein, Brotherhood Leader.

Winston rent a small room above a store, he intend doing secretly activity in there with Julia. They reading Emmanuel Goldstein’s book, cooking until making love over there, until Thought Police come. Their activities were monitored by Thought Police chief who disguise became store owner. Winston and Julia arrested.

At the end Winston was executed by The Party after refuse to obey Party’s thought and propaganda.

Shallow (character) analysis:

Many Incidents and characters personality in this novel very identical with USSR (Uni Soviet Socialist Republic) political condition during world war II, furthermore George Orwell’s 1984 published on 1949, four years after end of world war II. For example:

- Ruling Party refer to Communist Party who rule USSR under Joseph Stalin authority

- Big Brother refer to Joseph Stalin, he ruled USSR government by manipulating news and histories. He also known as authoritarian leader during his regime.

- Emmanuel Goldstein refer to Leon Trotsky a leader of the Bolshevik revolution, Lenin’s close friend and Stalin’s rival. Leon Trotsky was being banished by Stalin and he wrote “The Revolution Betrayed“ as a denounce to Stalin and USSR regime.

- USSR torture for opposer.

- USSR made fake fact, news, and history.

- Propaganda usually used under Stalin’s rigime.

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#2 Animal Farm

Author: George Orwell

Publisher: Bentang

Originally published: 1945

Score: 3.9/5 Goodreads

Synopsis:

Mr. Jones is a farmer who runs Manor Farm, that night he drunk while doing his routine: locking the cage and with hurry back to his house. Afer the cage was locked, all animals made a noisy sound because Old Major –respectable boar in Manor farm- he had a weird vision last night, and he planned to tell all animals about his vision. All animal gather in front of Old Major, three dogs coming first Bluebell, Jessie, and Pitcher. Two horse following Boxer and Clover, also white goat Muriel and Benjamin a donkey, and young female horse Mollie. All animals are attend except Moses, the tame raven

Before starting his vision, Old Major make a speech about his life, he can’t living long again so he decided to tell his dream before he die. His vision about animals suffer caused by Man, Man is the only creature that consumes without producing, but humans take full advantage over the animals. By getting rid of humans, animals will enjoy his own work. The story followed by an invitation to rebel Mr Jones.

Old Major dies three days after the meeting, three younger pigs—Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer—formulate his main principles into a philosophy called Animalism. The animals finally defeat Mr. Jones and rename farm’s name, Animal Farm as a dedicate Major’s dream.

Napoleon and Snowball fight each other to control the future of the farm, and they begin to struggle for power and influence among the other animals. Snowball make a plan to build an electricity-generating windmill, but Napoleon solidly refuse the plan. At the meeting to vote on whether to take up the project, Snowball gives a passionate speech. After the speech, Napoleon ordered his watchdogs to chase Snowball from the farm.

Napoleon quickly change his mind about the windmill, and claimed that is his plan to built a windmill. All animals involved the construction of windmill, Boxer and Clover are the most worked animals. Napoleon claims that Snowball returned to the farm to sabotage the windmill, and any animals who involved with Snowball plan will be execute. Napoleon begin his power to make Snowball as a villain by rewrite history. Napoleon also act more and more like a human being—sleeping in a bed, drinking whisky. The original Animal Principle forbade that activities, but Squealer -Napoleon’s propagandist- convicing other animals that Napoleon is a great leader.

Mr. Frederick, a neighboring farmer cheats Napoleon and attacks the farm, he also destroys the windmill. But animal defeat him, many animal were injured because the attack, including Boxer. The animals try to rebuild the windmill, but Boxer –the most loyal and hard worker- falls when he work on the windmill. One day Boxer has lost, Squealer told to the other that Boxer has died in peace after having been taken to the hospital. Actually, sold Boxer to a glue marker in order to get money for whisky.

The pigs become more like human —walking upright, carrying whips, and wearing clothes. The seven principles of Animalism was reduced to a single principle “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Finally Napoleon made a deal with Mr. Pilkington -a neighboring farm- to fight against the laboring classes of both the human and animal communities. Napoleon also rechange “Animal Farm” back to “Manor Farm” and claiming “Manor Farm” was the correct one. The other animals are seeing that meeting through the window, and they cannot tell which are the pigs and which are human.

Shallow (character) analysis:

This novel was released on 1945 before George Orwell’s 1984, but this novel have some similarity, authoritarian, rebellion, and suffer. The background of this novel is The Russian Revolution on 1917 against Tsar.

- Mr. Jones represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian Revolution ousted.

- Old Major represents Karl Marx and Lenin as the the Russian revolutionary leader.

- Napoleon represents Stalin as an authoritarian leader who intimidate the other and consolidate his power.

- Snowball represents Leon Trotsky, he good at speech and intelligent one. He also was being banished by Stalin.

- Boxer as a hard worker represents Russian working-class who helped to oust Tsar Nicholas and establish the Soviet Union.

- Clover as a female friend of Boxer represents The women of the Revolution as motherly figure for revolutionist army.

- Squealer represents Vyacheslav Molotov, Stalin's right-hand man and head of Communist propaganda.

- Mollie as a horse who loves being groomed and pampered represents petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution.

- Benjamin, the donkey who refuse to inspired by rebellion represents Menshevik intelligentsia.

- Muriel as a intelligent goat who help other animal to read seven principles of Animalism represents a subtle, revelatory influence because of her willingness to help bring things to light (as opposed to Benjamin).

- Mr. Frederic as an untrustworthy neighbor represents Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany.

- Mr. Pilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and the United States

* Bolshevik are member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party. Menshevik class wanted to make their movement less elitist than the Bolsheviks in the belief that it would attract the support of the uneducated workers and peasants.

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#3 Aib dan Martabat (Shyness and Dignity)

Author: Dag Solstad

Publisher: Marjin Kiri

Originally published: 2006

Score: 3.8/5 Goodreads

Synopsis:

This novel is an epic and also as a representative 21th century students character (Indonesian). They dislike their own culture (language) course, they like to think softly. Elias Rukla also represent teachers nowadays, with fashioned style of teaching. Elias Rukla able to restrain his emotions with class, all students always shows their dejection when Elias command to read Ibsen's "Wild Duck" every meeting. Until Elias can't restrain again, when he want to go home, but rain out there, he keeps run out over the rain, and trying to open his stuck umbrella, he keeps trying by hit it to the floor. Few students watching his fool act under the rain, one students come to help, but Elias even denounce her with a rant. He know what he did, he will be sack and he ran without destination. He don't know how to tell his wife about his future. What’s next? flashback..........................

#1984 #george orwell #nineteen eighty-four #novel #animal farm #dag solstad #marjinkiri #shyness and dignity

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rahul-caines-blog · 8 years ago

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Vincent Krassousky

Vincent Krassousky was the author of the ‘Vica’ comic book containing propaganda against the allied forces. They were published in German-occupied France at the time and represented the Nazi influence in French society. Krassousky in his comics made sure that he either humiliated the allies and opposition, for example in ‘ Vica contre le service secret anglais’, he depicts Stalin and Churchill being humiliated

would have portrayed the idealistic version of the Nazi’s life, whilst humiliating and making fun of the allies around the world.

‘Vica contre le service secret anglais’ https://repository.duke.edu/dc/vica/viccb01001

Description from Duke University website: Vica travels to England to spy on and hamper the British war effort. While he has a run-in with Winston Churchill, his friend Tatave has a similar encounter with Joseph Stalin; both Churchill and Stalin are comically humiliated. The majority of the issue consists of a biased account of English history, particularly as it relates to France. Incidents described include the Hundred Years' War, the Jameson Raid, the Boer War, the Fashoda incident, the independence of Ireland (Eire), the English takeovers of Quebec and India, and British involvement in Greece and the Balkans. Joan of Arc, the Duke of Cumberland, Napoleon, Said Pacha (viceroy of Egypt), Cecil Rhodes, Eamon de Valera, and Mahatma Gandhi are among the historical figures mentioned or depicted. Vica and Tatave discuss the perceived looming threat to the French and the world of an alliance between the English, the Soviets, and the Jews. The importance of the Canal des Deux-Mers cutting across France to allow vessels to circumvent British control of Gibraltar is discussed, and the issue ends with Vica and Tatave participating in the construction of a Trans-Saharan Railway connecting Bouarfa, Morocco, with Gao, Mali.

‘Vica defie l'Oncle Sam’ https://repository.duke.edu/dc/vica/viccb01003

Description from the Duke University Website : Vica and Tatave, curious about life in the United States, look at America through a giant telescope and are appalled by the debauchery and disorder they see. Eleanor Roosevelt, jealous of the attention the Statue of Liberty receives due to her beauty, removes the statue and climbs up on its pedestal herself, holding a mop in her hand in place of the torch, which leads to further disorder. A series of images shows striking workers breaking windows, creating barricades, and clashing with police, in contrast to an image of happy, well-behaved workers in Germany, followed by anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik scenes. Vica and Tatave travel to Africa and plant cacti to deter an American invasion. Franklin Roosevelt, shown working with Bolsheviks and Jews, frees prisoners ("gangsters") from Sing-Sing Prison to bolster the U.S. Army as it prepares to invade Africa. The French ocean liner Normandie is seized by the U.S. and converted to a troop ship, then sinks and burns in New York Harbor. As the American forces land in Africa, they enslave and kill many Arabs in north Africa, but as they attempt to invade French sub-Saharan Africa, Uncle Sam parachutes from an airplane and lands painfully in the field of cacti planted by Vica and Tatave. They laugh at his failure and note that they have avenged the destruction of the Normandie.

‘Vica au Paradis de l'U.R.S.S.’ https://repository.duke.edu/dc/vica/viccb01002

Description from Duke University website : The issue begins with the peaceful image of a sleeping white bear, the symbol of Russia. "Madame Angleterre," representing England, gives Leon Trotsky a vial containing dangerous bacteria, parasites, and germs; he injects the "scourge of Bolshevism" into the sleeping bear, nearly killing it, and bringing Russia to the brink of anarchy and death. Lenin and Stalin attempt to spread the plague of communism across Europe and the rest of the world, aided by the British and the Jews. Vica's friend Tatave is swayed by the pro-worker sentiment of the Bolsheviks and becomes a communist. A worried Vica decides to travel to the USSR to see first-hand what the "Soviet paradise" is really like. Upon his arrival, he is forced into slave-like servitude, but quickly escapes back to France, where Tatave doubts Vica's story. The two travel to the "Bolshevik Exhibition Against Europe," where they see a film depicting a grim view of Soviet life: poverty, disease, and malnutrition. The issue ends with a long passage of anti-Soviet and anti-British rhetoric, and Tatave gives up his dreams of communism.

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weblistposting-blog · 8 years ago

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New Post has been published on Weblistposting

New Post has been published on https://weblistposting.com/diamond-deacs-to-tackle-coastal-and-elon/

Diamond Deacs to Tackle Coastal and Elon

The 20 the ranked Wake Wooded area (23-10, 9-6 ACC) baseball team is returned from a weekend street experience to Louisville to square off against two teams from the Carolinas earlier than jumping returned into ACC action at the give up of the week. Wake will first play Coastal Carolina, the protecting countrywide champions, in Winston-Salem on Tuesday afternoon after which will head out to Elon to stand the Phoenix in a rescheduled sport that changed into rained out last week. Both games begin at 6 p.M.

Diamond Deacs

Ritani

Over the weekend, the Deacs misplaced their first conference series of the year on the street against top five Louisville. However, the Deacs took the primary recreation of the collection behind the arm of Parker Dunshee and a well timed domestic run from Gavin Sheets, to interrupt the Cardinals’ 37 normal season home prevailing streak. The collection was aggressive in the course of and Wake availed themselves quite even as in opposition to one of the most gifted groups inside the country.

This can be the second matchup of the season between Wake and Coastal, the primary of which came in Conway again on March eight. In that contest, the Deacs knocked off the Chanticleers in a high-scoring 13-8 affair. Coastal has struggled at times this year, however, enters Tuesday’s game with a 20-11-1 record, sparkling off a 1-1-1 weekend against Louisiana-Lafayette. Coastal averages 6.eight runs a sport at the same time as allowing 4.9 and is presently ranked twenty-sixth in the nation in this week’s polls.

Wake will throw Drew Loepprich (2-2, three.72 Technology) against lefty freshman Anthony Veneziano (2-1, 5.94 Era) from Coastal. Loepprich were given the midweek start ultimate week towards Elon, going five innings striking out seven whilst allowing most effective four hits and one run on a solo shot.

Coastal is the hardest non-conference sport closing on Wake’s slate and is the best threat to the Deac’s undefeated run throughout midweek video games. Supervisor Tom Walter may be counting on a skilled Loepprich against a crew with a considerable amount of talent to dispose of any additional stress at the bullpen with video games on again-to-lower back days before a domestic series with Notre Dame starts of evolved Friday.

We took a examine Elon remaining week because the Deacs had been firstly scheduled to play a home-and-home on Tuesday and Wednesday of last week, but the 2d sport was alas postponed because of weather. Wake received the primary game, in Winston, via a 14-1 margin – scoring 14 unanswered runs after the Phoenix struck first.

After the Tuesday assembly, Elon dropped off three games towards William & Mary in CAA play. With the series loss, the Phoenix fell to 6-three in convention play however currently sits just a sport out of first, in a tie with Northeastern for 2nd ordinary.

Wake will send out freshman Colin Peluse (2-0, 6.14 Technology) against Elon. Plus turned into scheduled to start last week’s recreation against the Phoenix and has not pitched in a game in view that March 28 in opposition to the App Kingdom. Plus went a career-long 5 innings towards the Mountaineers, striking out 4 on fifty-six pitches.

Perhaps the most important storyline of the yr thus far for the Diamond Deacs is the efficiency of the offense. 5 players have already hit seven domestic runs, which is the maximum gamers to reach that mark because of the 2002 season. Johnny Aiello leads the team with 11 homers at the same time as Sheets has ten, Bruce Steel eight, and Stuart Fairchild and Keegan Maronpot seven a piece.

With the projected temperature at sports time tonight at seventy-eight degrees, it’s an extremely good time to get out and watch the Deacs take at the protecting country wide champions. That is the great baseball group Wake has placed out in some time and it’s always thrilling to have a nationally ranked crew in Winston. The group can use all the support it may get and the additions to the ballpark have made it a desirable place to spend a couple hours. So if you have the threat, come on out and pull on the Deacs.

Blood Diamonds: An In no way Solved African Drama

Easily concealed, immensely valuable and in large part untraceable, stones from revolt-held mines have raised billions of dollars on international markets to finance insurgencies in several African nations against the valid governments.

The United International locations define conflict diamonds as ‘diamonds that originate from areas controlled via forces or factions opposed to legitimate and across the world identified governments, and are used to fund army action in opposition to those governments, or in contravention of the selections of the security Council’. These diamonds are also called ‘blood diamonds’.

For years Those unlawful market has allowed riot leaders to arm and equip their armies in violation of UN guns and financial sanctions. rebellion armies in Angola, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of the Congo exploited the alluvial diamond fields of these countries with the intention to finance wars of insurgency. Alluvial diamonds, unlike those mined inside the deep kimberlite ‘pipes’ of Botswana, Russia, and Canada, are found over good sized regions of territory, frequently just a few inches or toes beneath the surface of the earth. Alluvial diamonds have established hard to control and to modify. Due to their high weight-to-cost ratio, the ease with which they can be mined, and endemic corruption in the international diamond marketplace, alluvial diamonds became a ready target for riot armies.

The change in war diamonds started out in the early Nineteen Nineties with Jonas Savimbi’s national Union for the entire Independence of Angola, but became quickly copied through the Modern United The front in Sierra Leone, with assistance from Liberia’s warlord president, Charles Taylor, who is now being tried in the Hague for struggle crimes and has currently showed up in western newspaper for having allegedly talented top model Naomi Campbell with a few illicit stones.

Despite the fact that the diamonds industries used to inscribe the commerce of conflict diamonds in a constructive 4% figure, NGOs worried in the fight against this alternate like Partnership Africa Canada stated that as an awful lot as 15% of the world’s $10 billion annual tough diamond manufacturing fell into the category of war diamonds inside the past due 1990s.

A maximum important change area for South Africa

Today diamonds are mined in about 25 countries, however, more or less forty-nine% of diamonds originate from the principal and southern Africa, whilst large sources of the mineral have been located in Canada, India, Russia, Brazil and Australia. South Africa is the fourth diamond producer country within the international through fee.

The story of diamonds in South Africa starts of evolved in 1866, whilst 15-12 months-antique Erasmus Jacobs located a transparent stone on his father’s farm, at the south financial institution of the Orange River and Kimberley, the prevailing capital of Northern Cape, have become floor-0 for the South African diamond industry.

The biggest organization to perform a diamond mine in South Africa at some stage in the diamond rush was the De Beers corporation, based via Cecil Rhodes. The De Beers empire become started out on a farm owned by way of Boer battle settlers, brothers D. A. And J. N. De Beer. Round 1873 the De Beer brothers bought out to a collection of mining syndicates who later merged with Cecil Rhodes’ pumping corporation to form ‘De Beers Consolidated Mines’.

Today De Beers on my own mines about 1/2 the sector’s annual diamond output. It additionally controls as a whole lot as eighty% of global diamond sales through its critical Selling Company, which purchases and stockpiles diamonds from different suppliers to maintain availability low and fees excessive. De Beers turned into recognized to be a major client of war diamonds from Angola, Sierra Leone, and other African warfare zones.

Over the years, Kimberly misplaced its relevance within the manufacturing of diamonds but remains the De Beers’ headquarter and the beginning factor of the motion which concerned the principal diamond corporations and turned into aimed to put a stop to the alternate of war diamonds.

The Kimberley Method Certification Scheme

considering the fact that 1998, UN’s Security Council has mounted a decided marketing campaign to halt the trade in struggle diamonds, launching investigations into the illicit change in uncut diamonds, naming people and countries suspected of trafficking in the stones and pressuring the secretive diamond enterprise to adopt measures to hold the gemstones out of the international market.

towards a widening debate about the humanitarian and economic effect of complete alternate sanctions on civilians and neighboring states, the Council’s diamond campaign became part of an ongoing UN attempt to make sanctions more selective, higher focused and more rigorously enforced devices for the renovation of worldwide peace and Security.

It’s miles extraordinarily difficult to distinguish one uncut diamond from another, making it smooth to combine illicit diamonds with felony stones. Furthermore, the principal international market for uncut diamonds, Antwerp, is known for the laxity of its rules on the coping with of the stones. According to a study on diamonds and conflict in Sierra Leone by Partnership Africa Canada, Antwerp sellers mechanically settle multi-million greenback transactions in coins and infrequently provide receipts.

Since the South African leading cartel De Beers had effectively resisted boycott pressures from anti-apartheid activists inside the Nineteen Seventies and 1980s, there seemed little cause to believe that the UN might be extra a success.

In contrast to previous efforts, However, there was growing customer consciousness of the hyperlink between diamonds and African conflicts inside the US and Europe, in which the overwhelming majority of diamond jewelry is offered. NGOs, together with Partnership Africa Canada and worldwide Witness, had begun to marketing campaign towards blood diamonds in industrialized countries. Photo press reviews tying diamonds to the brutal insurgency in Sierra Leone started out to seem in fashion magazines, threatening the industry’s expensively nurtured photograph in its middle purchaser base.

The industry desired to avoid backlashes along with those towards the fur enterprise within the Nineteen Nineties and turned into more receptive, consequently, to Safety Council calls for a international monitoring gadget for uncut diamonds that could pick out the origins of the stones, verify their criminal export from the united states of origin and set up a paper path of possession. Addressing enterprise leaders at the world Diamond Congress in Antwerp on 18 July 2000, UN Ambassador Robert Fowler emphasized that the Council became keen to avoid unfavourable the legitimate diamond change but ‘the diamond enterprise should take the lead, and be visible to be taking the lead, in demonstrating publicly that its merchandise are conflict-unfastened’.

On tomorrow the 2 most important enterprise associations, the arena Federation of Diamond Bourses and the worldwide Diamond Producers Association, followed a joint motion of setting up an international certification program for uncut diamonds. They declared that ‘the solution to the warfare diamonds trouble is a moral vital chiefly others’.

Elon musk

In 2002, the UN authorized the Kimberley Technique Certification Scheme (KPCS) geared toward stopping war diamonds from getting into the legitimate hard diamond marketplace. Yet primary diamond-generating countries continue to be involved approximately the effect of the conflict diamond marketing campaign on the legitimate change.

Former South African Minister of Minerals and Electricity Affairs Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka did not attend an assembly in London in October 2002 to discuss United kingdom proposals for an international treaty on diamond income. The reason for her absence, South African UN Ambassador Dumisani Kumalo told the UN fee Africa Restoration in early December the same yr, turned into that ‘the London convention turned into called to speak about a formal treaty’ on war diamonds.

‘If you go the [UN] treaty path you open it up to 189 nations, most of whom have nothing at stake.’ For South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, and Angola, he persevered, ‘the diamond industry is our lifeline. Many heaps of people are affected. So It is vital for us to guard the industry as such’.

How powerful the Kimberly policies has been in preserving conflict diamonds off the hands of consumers is likewise a topic of discussion. Ambassador Fowler told Africa Healing that, whilst no controls can be 100% powerful in blocking objects as small and as treasured as gem stones, they might help. The campaign, he asserted, has already hurt the rebels. ‘The investors recognize we’re watching, and those who still buy are annoying a higher danger top class.’

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mbf2017 · 8 years ago

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#IFTTT #YouTube

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justsomeantifas · 8 years ago