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The Fall of the Inca Empire
On 26 July 1533 a man perhaps dressed in rags, perhaps not, was garroted in the main square of Cajamarca, Peru. The people around him cheered and one man was smiling – at least on the inside. These two men weren’t any men. The man being garroted was once the emperor of a great empire in what’s now South America and the man smiling at his death was a Spaniard who wanted the gold and silver in the…
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jgmail · 3 years
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Origen del nombre de Atahualpa
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Por Ileana Almeida
Fuentes: Rebelión - Imagen: Retrato de Atahualpa (el último Inca). Autor desconocido, 1750-1800. (Museo de Brooklyn).
Los nombres propios de los incas-quechuas responden a una concepción dual que mantenía este pueblo.
Tal manera de modelar el mundo es propia de sociedades arcaicas donde hay dos jefes, dos mitades exogámicas de la población, dos antepasados fundadores. Este sistema binario se expresa también en palabras compuestas de dos lexemas relacionados entre sí. Los ecuatorianos sabemos bien lo que significan Inti Raymi (sol fiesta), Rumi Chaca (piedra puente), Yahuar Cocha (sangre lago), choclotanda (choclo pan).
Todos los nombres de los Incas están formados por dos palabras, y se los creó con sumo esmero porque debían resaltar el honor y la gloria que se atribuía a sus monarcas. Aludían al halcón totémico, pero también denotaban cualidades estéticas y éticas como la luz y la valentía.
Atau, según el diccionario de Diego Gonçález Holguín (1608), significa “la ventura en guerras” y Huallpa, “creador, formador”, término que evolucionó desde el significado de “ave ponedora”. El nombre del Inca Atahualpa fue Tupa Atau. Tupa denota “rey memorable y resplandeciente”, Huallpa sería un apelativo. Estas denominaciones son parte de códigos de la nobleza cuzqueña.
Los nombres en mitologías históricas como la egipcia y la hindú eran comunes al antepasado del rey, al padre y a los hijos. Entre los Incas se transmitían de generación en generación y se compartían con padres e hijos y entre hermanos. Atau Roca era hermano de Capac Yupanqui, quinto de la dinastía de los trece monarcas. Guallpa Rimache, anterior a Pachacutik, fue un antiguo gobernador del Cuzco. Huallpa Titu fue el cuidador de la momia de Huayna Capac. Ya en la época colonial un pariente de Atahualpa fue bautizado Tupa Atau Alonso.
De acuerdo a reglas cortesanas, la consorte real -la colla- era la esposa principal del Inca; la palla, una “muger noble, adamada y galana”, reemplazaba a la colla en algunas circunstancias. Ambas tenían un parentesco cercano, pertenecían a clanes de abolengo cuzqueño. Atahualpa era hijo de Tupa Palla, según varios eruditos. Tanto los hijos de la colla como los de la palla podían pretender a la masca paycha, símbolo del poder real. Prueba del derecho de Atahualpa a ese poder es que tenía el cráneo deformado artificialmente, lo que asombró a los españoles. Pero hay un argumento adicional: el nexo de la madre y el hijo puede deducirse porque se llamaban de la misma manera, Tupac, lo que consolidaría la identidad del Inca Atahualpa.
El recuerdo de Tupa Palla se conserva hasta ahora en ciertas comunidades de Ecuador. En las fiestas de Alangasí una imagen gigantesca de mujer, hecha con ramas y telas por manos indígenas, se conoce como Tupa Palla, refulgente con su vestido blanco en la fiesta del solsticio de junio. En la batalla ritual de Tisaleo, que se celebra cada año, el personaje principal es la Inga Palla, nombre que ha sido reemplazado por Santa Lucía, “la que lleva la luz”
Bibliografía fundamental: -Espinosa Soriano Waldemar. Los Incas. Economía, Sociedad y Estado en la era del Tahuantinsuyo. Ediciones Inkamaru, Lima, Perú, 1987 -Farfán José M.B. Glosario de Voces Indígenas, en Historia del Perú Antiguo de Luis E. Valcárcel, tomo III, pag. 555 -Gonçález Holguín Diego, Vocabulario de la Lengva General de todo el Perv llamada Lengua Qqichua, o del Inca. 1608. Digitalizado por Runasimipi Qespisqa Sofware (http: wwwrunasimipi.org) para publicación en el internet.2007 -Lara Jesús, Diccionario Qhëshwa-Castellano/ Castellano Qhëshwa, Ed. Amigos del Libro, 1978, La Paz, Bolivia -Toporov Valdimir. N. Nombres, en El Árbol del Mundo, Colección Criterios, Casa de las Américas, Uneac, 2020, pag.345 -Valcarcel Luis E. Historia del Perú Antiguo. Tomo III. Editorial Juan Mejía Baca. Lima, Perú, 1964 -Villanueva Urteaga, Horacio. Juan Diez de Betanzos y el Cuzco, en Suma y Narración de los Incas, Ediciones Atlas, Madrid, 1987, pag. XXXIII
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helencpugh · 3 years
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In #August 1533, the Spanish installed Tupac Huallpa as Inca emperor to replace #Atahualpa. As such he would have worn the mascaipacha (pictured). Into the position of principal wife and #coya stepped princess Azarpay, who would later be killed by Francisco Pizarro. Inca crown (mascaipacha) image from simboloteca.com #inca #peruvian #history #SpanishConquest #mascaipacha https://www.instagram.com/p/CSH61igLv5i/?utm_medium=tumblr
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lvmdayofdead · 7 years
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Gilded Dreams
By Xánath Caraza
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Photo courtesy of Xánath Caraza
Palla Chimpu Ocllo or Isabel Suárez Chimpu Ocllo was a noble woman of Indigenous ancestry from Cusco, Peru. She was Incan. Before discussing Chimpu Occllo’s life more specifically, first let us briefly explore who the Incans were. Originally, the term Inca was a title of nobility and made reference only to the royal families from what we today know as part of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, northern and central Chile, and parts of Argentina, the Inca Empire.  After the arrival of Spanish, the term Inca became synonymous with mostly Quechua, and Aymara speaking peoples from South America.  Before the arrival of Spanish, the city of Cusco, the Inca Empire capital, was where Chimpu Ocllo was born and later died. Born in 1523, Palla Chimpu Ocllo was the daughter of the Túpac Huallpa and the granddaughter of the powerful Inca Tupac Yupanqui.  As a noblewoman, the privilege of servants was at her disposal.  In addition, she had an abundance of food and had access to certain luxuries, such as jewelry, and textiles with intricately embroidered designs. She most likely learnt how to weave herself, and how to read, among other activities. She was also taught to love her culture and respect her ancestors, her family tree and sacred Incan cities.  After the colonization of Peru, Palla Chimpu Ocllo was baptized as Isabel Suárez Chimpu Ocllo. In 1538, when she was only fifteen years old, she met Capitan Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega who had just arrived in Cusco, Peru from Spain.  They never married, as was common among the high rank officials from Spain with Indigenous women.  They had one Mestizo, biracial, child together. Chimpu Ocllo and Garcilaso de la Vega’s son was Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, later known as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.  He, himself, had significant accomplishments as well.  Born in 1539, he spent his childhood in Cusco, Peru in the care of his mother since he was born out of wedlock. His first language was Quechua and he later learnt Spanish. He had a great deal of appreciation for his Indigenous background from her mother’s influence.  At age twenty-one, after the death of his father, he went to Spain where he became the first chronicler and writer of an Indigenous background from the Americas.  He wrote of Peru, the Conquest of Peru, and the Mestizo identity.  His works were well-known and widely-received among Europeans readers. Later, Chimpu Ocllo married a Spanish businessman, Juan del Pedroche, and had two daughters with him, Luisa de Herrera and Ana Ruiz. Importantly, Chimpu Ocllo was as symbol of the grandeur of an Indigenous civilization and a link between two worlds that violently collided.  She was the proud daughter of the Peruvian earth, Pachamama, and the sun, Inti, both symbols of Peru’s ancient and contemporary identity. In 1571, Chimpu Ocllo died at the age of thirty-three in Cusco.
Listen to our tribute to Chimpu Ocllo “Sun Princess”/”Princesa del Sol”
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Camp Update No. 3
A third update for Camp NaNoWriMo in July 2022
It’s day 19 and I’m at 40,354 words. I didn’t write much today because I spent much of the morning writing a longer, more involved and time-consuming blog post and then the heatwave that many are struggling with at the moment made me want to do nothing but curl up with an iced coffee and a book. I am nearing the end of Atawallpa’s story though which feels a little weird to say because I’ve spent…
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helencpugh · 4 years
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#spanishconquest #franciscopizarro #atahualpa #azarpay #intrepiddudettes (Image description: In August 1533, the Spanish installed the first puppet Inca emperor: Tupac Huallpa to replace Atahualpa. Into the position of principal wife and queen consort stepped Azarpay- not to be confused with Sarpay- who was a full sister of Huascar and would later be killed by Francisco Pizarro.)
More info: www.facebook.com/intrepid.dudettes
Intrepid Dudettes of the Inca Empire Part 1 is out now at Smashwords, Amazon, Apple Books and Barnes & Noble. 
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