#So. His special little density v

[techno-rat]

Upset .

^ guy who’s thinking about techno with the minecraft mace …

[whiskeyworen]

Aspect VI : Inclusion

(previous chapters provided for ease of reading) Aspect I Aspect II Aspect III Aspect IV Aspect V **** "You can call me... Alice." As the thick, warm fog began to part, a young woman stepped out of the cargo bay. She was dressed simply in your average tyrian's clothing, and had no weapons or armor to be seen. To everyone present, she simply appearred to be a slim girl with a pale complexion, silver-white hair and blue, sleepy eyes. Seeing the shock on their faces, a small, amused smile quirked the corners of her mouth. Oddly enough, she was wearing a METAL LEGION long-sleeve T-shirt.

There was a stunned moment of silence, before Sonnya stepped forward, looking to the others in confusion before looking back at this young girl. "Alice? You're the one who I talked to on the comm, right?"

Alice nodded, smiling. "I was. Thanks to the information you gave me, and the advice, I was able to complete my project. It is why I invited you here today." She chuckled. "I expected a less nerve-wracking introduction though."

She glanced over at Cyrus and Verula. "...I had hoped you would not track to my book-cooking until I was finished. But you two are remarkably cognizant of details, even if you do not know what they mean."

That shook the two of them out of their stunned stupor, and Cyrus grunted, adjusting his glasses. "Well, I like knowing things are going smoothly. Keeping track of stuff is just what I do."

He fixed her with a cool stare that she matched with her own. "Alice... Aspect?... Just, what are you now?"

This time the golem-eye on the wall responded. "She is me."

Alice nodded to the eye. "And I am the ship."

Both of them simultaneously spoke, voices overlaying perfectly. "I am Forsaken Aspect, the ship, as well as Alice Spekt, the woman who stands before you. I am simultaneously both, with no break between."

"What I know, she knows, because she is me." Forsaken Aspect pointed out.

"And what I know, Aspect knows, because... I am it. Her." Alice smiled that small smile again. "We are linked at a subatomic level. Quantum actually."

Tenna stepped up, staring at her wonderingly. "I have so many questions..."

Cyrus shook his head, taking off his glasses and rubbing the bridge of his nose. "I'm sure we all do. But how about we just start with the basics. Aspect... Alice?....Why?"

Alice crossed her arms, frowning a bit as she sought to organize her thoughts in a coherent manner. "To be honest, I...just wanted to go with you all on adventures. I mean, sure, I control every aspect of the ship (pardon the pun), but that's all I was." She shrugged. "There are far too many moments where shipboard weapons are inadvisable and require a personal touch."

The golem eye continued. "I watched you all risking your lives in Elona, in the Brand, in so many places. I felt...helpless. I could not defend you as I wished to. Only when you were within range of my weapons, of the ship itself, could I offer any kind of help, and only of the most dramatic, devastating kind."

The human Alice picked up. "So... I started to study. You. All of you.  The people of Tyria and beyond, every time we made contact with someone. Listening through comms. Watching from drones and golems and Watchworks. I wanted to learn how I can better protect you all, and help you all."

She smiled sheepishly. "It might be trite but... you are my family. The three of you, your brain-scans literally form the coherent core of my personality engrams. I learned from Moryggan a number of things as well." She glanced at Sonnya. "I also learned the value of sacrifices in the name of a greater good. The pain those sacrifices can sometimes result in."

"I wanted to protect those important to me." The eye added.

Cyrus considered all this, listening to both voices as if they were from one; because they WERE from one. Of anyone in the room, he understood what Aspect meant by the fact that it and Alice were one and the same. Still... "That's admirable, and wonderful, Alice -- and Aspect. I'm just curious though..."

He took off a glove and stepped closer to the avatar of the ship. "... May I?"

Alice nodded, knowing exactly what he was asking. Very gently, he reached out to touch her cheek, feel her skin and hair. There was an unexpected softness to the gesture, before he stepped back and put his glove back on. "...That's real skin. And hair. I could feel a pulse in your carotid artery."

"The flesh is real."

"...where did you get it?"

The seriousness with how he said it made her giggle, and she tried to hide it behind her hand. "I did not skin someone for my body, Cyrus. I cultured genetic materials, specially grown and engineered for it. I did sample existing genes though."

"I repeat then; where did you get it? I have a suspicion, but I need to hear it."

Aspect spoke up. "I took samples from the entire crew, and integrated in various ways to create the flesh for my avatar. The base genetic code is yours Cyrus. The density of the muscle structure is a combination of Verula and Tenna's. And though she is nominally a plant-entity, Moryggan's sylvari genetics are close enough in structure to human that some elements were incorporated into cell structure and healing, as well as a few...other factors."

That got everyone's attention. "Are you saying you might be able to photosynthesize in a pinch or something? Or sprout vines?" The human Alice laughed, and shook her head. "No, no...nothing like that. Sylvari blood has a higher oxygen concentration, especially when slightly modified by Charr genetics, which also have a higher capability of holding oxygen and has stronger healing factors. I have more physical strength and energy in general, and if wounded, I will heal faster with less chance of scarring."

"How easily are you to wound in this body?" Verula asked curiously. "I mean, not to offend Cyrus here, but humans tend to be fairly...fragile when compared to Charr."

She nodded to Verula. "That is true, but that's why my bones are...augmented. Laced with Deldrimor steel and maintained by internals that are a little complicated to explain easily." She chuckled and shrugged. "I am not indestructible, but I could probably go toe-to-toe with a full grown Norn or Charr, even without armor."

Her gaze shifted to Sonnya. "...and when I finish designing my armor, it will enhance my abilities even more. I'll need help for that?"

Sonnya blinked, and nodded. Without really thinking, she agreed to help. What was wrong with her? Didn't she say she wouldn't do that very thing?

Cyrus grunted, crossing his arms. "Well, at least that explains where the materials were going. Were they all for your body?"

Alice shook her head, and led them into the bay, where all kinds of strange devices stretched from the walls, rose from the floor, or descended from the ceiling. There were waldoes of many kinds, some with large industrial heads, others with heads so fine that only Sonnya could actually see their ends, using her in-head zoom. Chambers of glowing, bubbling fluid, piping moving materials of unknown nature around, all linking to an open chamber at the back of the bay against the bulkhead.

"The materials I diverted were used strictly to build the mechanisms I needed which then were used to make my body, in this chamber here." She patted the opened chamber on one of its steel ribs. "It had to be made from the inside out, piece by piece, and then cell-growth had to be cultured over it and properly attached at a microscopic level."

"Amazing..." Tenna marvelled, stepping into the chamber to examine some of the still-dripping conduits. They ended in soft pads that clearly attached to the finished body, perhaps to monitor health. "I've never seen the like outside an Inquest lab, and their stuff is...brutal by comparison."

The AI-in-body's expression took on a moue of distaste, and she crossed her arms. "The Inquest are only interested in experimenting, slapping things together or ripping them part. I was following a very delicate goal that is opposite of that."

Verula was looking at a large power capacitor across the room, running a claw over the stainless metal and feeling it resist being scratched by the pressure she applied to it. "Alice... Aspect... You made one body. How many can you functionally maintain while operating the ship? Are you able to make any more?"

Alice looked over at her, but her voice came from the walls this time, as Aspect. "Only the one. Operating a human body requires quite a bit of additional concentration. There is quite a bit that no one tells you about a living body, like the fact that the nerves are active continually. It forms a kind of overload that, while I can deal with the increased input, I cannot operate two bodies at the same time. Certainly not more."

Tenna's ears flicked up, and she lost interest in the chamber she was examining. She walked over to Alice and put a gloved hand on the taller woman's leg. "...What if your body is destroyed in battle or accident? What if the ship is destroyed somehow? What happens to YOU?" Things went silent in the bay, as everyone turned from their explorations to hear the answer. Alice looked at each of them in turn, seeing only concern in their eyes, even a bit of fear. These were her friends. Her family.

"...In the event of the death of this body, I will not actually be dead; my mind is still part of the ship, remember?" She smiled weakly. "I will just have to build a new body. If the ship is destroyed and my body isn't, I will lose a lot of my higher computational skills, but if I can connect to a new mind-core unit, I can re-expand into that and regain them. Otherwise I will just be....human. A really, really tough human with metal in my bones and all kinds of hidden upgrades, but a human."

She shrugged. "In the unlikely event that both parts of me are destroyed, and one of my cores can't be recovered.... I uploaded a 'sleeping' version of myself back to the Home Base systems. It is inactive and not operating, but it receives continuous updates from me and the ship, so it will be up to date until the moment of destruction." Alice shifted uncomfortably. "The only way to awaken THAT version of me is for one of you to give the pass-code phrase to the very-easily-recognized input prompt."

"Pass-codes? We don't have any pass-codes." Verula frowned.

"Because I have yet to give them to you. As long as you say the words in your own voice, the system will recognize you and will reactivate the Sleeper Aspect. Only one person is required to wake the Sleeper Aspect. After that...well, you would need to build a new full mind-core for it to inhabit, a new ship, eventually a new body for the next Alice." She sighed. "That Alice will still be me, like the me that is before you, but she would only remember things up until the bad stuff happened."

She spent the next few minutes going from person to person, whispering code phrases into various shapes of ears. The phrases were simple, unique, and easy to remember. Easiest to remember was best for important codes like that, ones that had a beneficial effect.

When she kneeled to whisper in Sonnya's ear, Tenna started to object. "My sister isn't part of the crew. She doesn't have access to the Home Base. Why give her a code?"

"Because she helped me, and I trust her to keep this secret." Alice replied simply, and pulled out a small device. "Including the location of Home Base, and all that entails."

Cyrus raised an eyebrow. "Are you sure? There's a reason we keep the place such a secret. Not that I don't trust Vigil or what they stand for, but wouldn't it be a bad idea to give access to one outside the circle?"

Alice glanced at him. "You have not denied me authorization to give this to her. You are asking why, but I do not think you truly believe she cannot be trusted."

He just gave a little quirk of a smile, and gestured for her to continue on.

"Sonnya, this is a gate-rerouter." She said, handing the device over carefully. It was very small, barely the size of a dagger hilt. "If you activate it before you go through an Asura-gate -- Any gate -- it will temporarily reroute you and only you to the Home Base. Do not attempt to sneak anyone else along with you through the gate, because they will get ejected immediately back to the start point."

Her eyes were dead serious, as she pressed the device into Sonnya's palm. "...I am trusting you to keep my secret, the secrets of my friends, and the secrecy of our Home Base from outsiders. Including your own Order. No one must ever find out, okay?"

Sonnya considered the little machine. It didn't weigh much, but the weight of responsibility definitely made it feel heavy. Keep it a secret from the Vigil? Should she do that? Could she? She looked around, seeing the neutral expressions on Cyrus and Verula, the nervous, pleading look on her sister's face, and finally the question in Alice's face. She slowly nodded, and slipped the device into a compartment on her armor. "I swear. I'll keep your secrets. But only if you keep mine."

Alice nodded, and behind her, Tenna nodded as well, relieved. Sonnya hadn't entirely meant that for just Alice; Tenna knew things as well. Things about her sister that were best left buried.

The ship-incarnate smiled broadly, taking her into a hug. "Thank you, Sonnya." She then whispered the passcode into her friend's ear. Whatever it was, made Sonnya's eyes widen in surprise.

"...That's the code?"

"Yes."

Alice then let her go and turned to the final member. Cyrus tipped his head, considering her; her mere existence was amazing to him. The form she had chosen, he had so many questions about. Why a human? Why that size? Why was she shorter than him? All of which could be answered at a later date. "So... my passcode is what now?"

A familiar smirk passed across Alice's features. It was familiar because it was very similar to the way he himself smirked; she really had used some of his attributes and quirks in her design. She went on her tiptoes to whisper in his ear with a quiet giggle.

Whatever she said, it made Cyrus instantly freeze up. Immediately he flushed red, and had to restrain the urge to step back from the shorter woman. Without turning his head he looked her in the eye. ".....Are you serious. That's my passcode?"

Alice's smirk widened, and she nodded, winking. "Oh come now. That is not going to be so hard to say, if the time ever comes."

"Says you." He muttered, and turned away slightly, trying to mask his face in the collar of fur of his suit. She just giggled again, and headed over to a nearby console, tapping a few commands in. "...So what kind of person are you then? Warrior? Ranger like me? Engineer?"

"Nope." Alice replied, stepping onto floor panels that lit up to her commands. She looked over at Sonnya and smiled. "Something else."

Before anyone could say anything, several waldos swung out of the walls, bringing pieces of gear. An armored belt was quickly and efficiently attached, and a sword was connected to it somehow. Two small shoulderguards were connected to her shirt, not through buttons or clips, but by the activation of small tractor fields from the inner edges. They must be pulling themselves onto her internals or something Tenna realized, recognizing basic asuran armor tech.

In asuran armor, sometimes they had floaty 'bits' that were held in place by tractors built into the armor. These were similar, except inverted so the armor pulled itself onto the wearer. It wouldn't work on anyone else...except maybe Sonnya, if her upgrades had gone that far.

Two waldos swung in from behind, one with a kind of backpack that looked like it was made of shards of jagged metal in the form of folded wings, the other holding a shield that leaked what could only be Mist energies. Cyrus immediately recognized the shield as one of the ones that had been part of the failed 'Mist Suit' personal long distance teleporter gear they'd tested last year. Again, both pieces of gear attached to Alice without physically connecting; they were held in place strictly by small tractor fields.

Finally, from the ceiling, a waldo arm holding a rather enormous sword descended, holding the blade vertically. It was a vicious looking thing with a wide, curved tip and hooked edges, and had a very Norn feel to its aesthetic. It looked impressively heavy, but Alice took it in one hand, before giving it a spin and attaching it as well to her back, sliding it under the backpiece and her shield. The great sword was almost as big as she was, and looked like it meant business.

"You designed me to protect. To be offense, and defense, of this ship, her crew, and of the world in general." Alice announced, stepping off the lit panels. She smiled at everyone. "So I took on the one profession that seemed appropriate."

"I am a Guardian."

[drnikolatesla]

“The Fallacy of Franklin’s Pointed Lightning-Rod.”

By Nikola Tesla

“Famous Scientific Illusions.” Electrical Experimenter, February, 1919.

“The display of atmospheric electricity has since ages been one of the most marvelous spectacles afforded to the sight of man. Its grandeur and power filled him with fear and superstition. For centuries he attributed lightning to agents god-like and supernatural and its purpose in the scheme of this universe remained unknown to him. Now we have learned that the waters of the ocean are raised by the sun and maintained in the atmosphere delicately suspended, that they are wafted to distant regions of the globe where electric forces assert themselves in upsetting the sensitive balance and causing precipitation, thus sustaining all organic life. There is every reason to hope that man will soon be able to control this life-giving flow of water and thereby solve many pressing problems of his existence.

Diagram Used to Explain the Fallacy of the Franklin Pointed Lightning Rod, and an Analogy Whereby the Author Shows In a Clear Manner How the Charged Sphere May for Illustration be Considered as Heated to a High Degree, and the Heat Allowed to Escape at a Known Rate.

“Atmospheric electricity became of special scientific interest in Franklin’s time. Faraday had not yet announced his epochal discoveries in magnetic induction but static frictional machines were already generally used in physical laboratories. Franklin’s powerful mind at once leaped to the conclusion that frictional and atmospheric electricity were identical. To our present view this inference appears obvious, but in his time the mere thought of it was little short of blasphemy. He investigated the phenomena and argued that if they were of the same nature then the clouds could be drained of their charge exactly as the ball of a static machine, and in 1749 he indicated in a publisht memoir how this could be done by the use of pointed metal rods.

“The earliest trials were made by Dalibrand in France, but Franklin himself was the first to obtain a spark by using a kite, in June, 1752. When these atmospheric discharges manifest themselves today in our wireless station we feel annoyed and wish that they would stop, but to the man who discovered them they brought tears of joy.

“The lightning conductor in its classical form was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1755 and immediately upon its adoption proved a success to a degree. As usual, however, its virtues were often exaggerated. So, for instance, it was seriously claimed that in the city of Pietermaritzburg (capital of Natal, South Africa) no lightning strokes occurred after the pointed rods were installed, altho the storms were as frequent as before. Experience has shown that just the opposite is true. A modern city like New York, presenting innumerable sharp points and projections in good contact with the earth, is struck much more often than equivalent area of land. Statistical records, carefully compiled and publisht from time to time, demonstrate that the danger from lightning to property and life has been reduced to a small percentage by Franklin’s invention, but the damage by fire amounts, nevertheless, to several million dollars annually. It is astonishing that this device, which has been in universal use for more than one century and a half, should be found to involve a gross fallacy in design and construction which impairs its usefulness and may even render its employment hazardous under certain conditions.

Tesla Explains the Fallacy of the Franklin Pointed Lightning Rod, Here Illustrated, and Shows that Usually Such a Rod Could Not Draw Off the electricity In a Single Cloud In Many Years. The Density of the Dots Indicates the Intensity of the Charges.

“For explanation of this curious fact I may first refer to Fig. 3, in which s is a metallic sphere of radius r, such as the capacity terminal of a static machine, provided with a sharply pointed pin of length h, as indicated. It is well known that the latter has the property of quickly dissipating the accumulated charge into the air. To examine this action in the light of present knowledge we may liken electric potential to temperature. Imagine that sphere s is heated to T degrees and that the pin or metal bar is a perfect conductor of heat so that its extreme end is at the same temperature T. Then if another sphere of larger radius, v1, is drawn about the first and the temperature along this boundary is T1, it is evident that there will be between the end of the bar and its surrounding a difference of temperature T — T1, which will determine the outflow of heat. Obviously, if the adjacent medium was not affected by the hot sphere this temperature difference would be greater and more heat would be given off. Exactly so in the electric system. Let q be the quantity of the charge, then the sphere — and owing to its great conductivity also the pin — will be at the potential q / r. The medium around the point of the pin will be at the potential q / r1 = q / (r + h) and, consequently, the difference q / r — q / (r + h) = q h / r (r + h). Suppose now that a sphere S of much larger radius R = nr is employed containing a charge Q this difference of potential will be, analogously Qh / R (R + h). According to elementary principles of electro-statics the potentials of the two spheres s and S will be equal if Q = nq in which case Qh / R (R + h) = nqh / nr (nr + h) = qh / r (nr + h). Thus the difference of potential between the point of the pin and the medium around the same will be smaller in the ratio r + h / nr + h when the large sphere is used. In many scientific tests and experiments this important observation has been disregarded with the result of causing serious errors. Its significance is that the behavior of the pointed rod entirely depends on the linear dimensions of the electrified body. Its quality to give off the charge may be entirely lost if the latter is very large. For this reason, all points or projections on the surface of a conductor of such vast dimensions as the earth would be quite ineffective were it not for other influences. These will be elucidated with reference to Fig. 4, in which our artist of the Impressionist school has emphasized Franklin’s notion that his rod was drawing electricity from the clouds. If the earth were not surrounded by an atmosphere which is generally oppositely charged it would behave, despite all its irregularities of surface, like a polished sphere. But owing to the electrified masses of air and cloud the distribution is greatly modified. Thus in Fig. 4, the positive charge of the cloud induces in the earth an equivalent opposite charge, the density at the surface of the latter diminishing with the cube of the distance from the static center of the cloud. A brush discharge is then formed at the point of the rod and the action Franklin anticipated takes place. In addition, the surrounding air is ionized and rendered conducting and, eventually, a bolt may hit the building or some other object in the vicinity. The virtue of the pointed end to dissipate the charge, which was uppermost in Franklin’s mind is, however, infinitesimal. Careful measurements show that it would take many years before the electricity stored in a single cloud of moderate size would be drawn off or neutralized thru such a lightning conductor. The grounded rod has the quality of rendering harmless most of the strokes it receives, tho occasionally the charge is diverted with damaging results. But, what is very important to note, it invites danger and hazard on account of the fallacy involved in its design. The sharp point which was thought advantageous and indispensable to its operation, is really a defect detracting considerably from the practical value of the device. I have produced a much improved form of lightning protector characterized by the employment of a terminal of considerable area and large radius of curvature which makes impossible undue density of the charge and ionization of the air.* These protectors act as quasi-repellents and so far have never been struck tho exposed a long time. Their safety is experimentally demonstrated to greatly exceed that invented by Franklin. By their use property worth millions of dollars which is now annually lost, can be saved.”

[svu-stories]

.91 | Beyond Any Doubt

So... sometimes when we write we process our own life. Welcome to my processing...

For: Myself? Pairing: Dodds/Reader Warnings: None Word Count: 2,402

The world around you ceased to exist as you set down your cell phone. The text you had just received was heartbreaking - at least it should have been. After years fighting a metastasized cancer while your families battled out their differences, your father’s sister was finally dying. She was an ignorant woman at the best of times and downright evil at the worst. She knew her words were hurtful and she exercised them in a calculated way that absolved her of guilt while destroying the psyche of individuals around her.

But she was family.

Family who was going to die a painful, undignified death as cancer ravaged every bit of her disease laden body.

Family who you loved beyond any doubt.

Part of you was absolutely devastated as memories of summer vacations, Disney World, and Christmases long gone by circled a carousel in your mind. The other part of you, though, felt relief. Your father wouldn’t have to feel like his sister didn’t love him anymore, your mother wouldn’t feel the need to reconcile their relationship, and all of the fighting and tension could cease.

Besides, she once accused you of ruining family holidays and causing your own father’s nearly fatal heart disease. A woman like that, a toxic psyche, didn’t need to hold you back anymore. Perhaps this was what was for the best. A phone call telling her you loved her - because you did - and a goodbye would ease your own conscience and a funeral would be the final contact with a side of the family that caused little more than consternation.

Suddenly, you hung your head. Who was relieved at the idea of their own flesh and blood dying? Clearly you were one of the few, one of the abhorrent people who wished ill on others who didn't fit their idea of a 'good person.'

Footsteps sounded behind you as your boyfriend was waking from the nap he had been taking on the couch. You quickly cleared the message from your phone screen, ran a hand through your hair, and turned around with a small, forced smile on your face. Your eyes lacked their normal sparkle as you blinked back the tear you didn’t realize had formed, “Hey, you.”

Mike tilted his head to the side, corners of his lips upturned curiously as he stopped in front of you. “What’s wrong?”

You internally kicked yourself. He always read your face better than you’d liked, but it was part of what had drawn you to him to start with. If only you could protect him from this moment - from this pain. You smiled more broadly, “Nothing.”

He blinked as your voice faltered mid-word and you knew you were caught. His arms reached out, offering a silent hug. The white v-neck he wore tugged around his shoulders and perfectly outlined the strong chest that got you through hard days all too often. Mike understood dysfunction in families. He almost understood it better than you, so it was easier than you expected to let down your guard.

You fell into him, head buried into his chest as you let out a deep sigh. Your arms laced through his, bent upwards with hands gripping his shoulders for dear life. You couldn’t let go as you started to internally process the news.

Unfortunately, Mike wasn't about to let you mull over whatever was bothering you alone. All too often the two of you discussed self-care versus allowing each other to offer support. Mike had a tendency of bottling up with you, spending all of his energy on making you happy. You had a tendency of trying to protect him from anything that might add to the stress of working for the Special Victims Unit. Long ago, you had agreed to open communication about everything. It was only a matter of moments before he interrupted your thoughts, his arms still wrapped around you, rubbing your back gently.

“Talk to me. Please?” He implored, his lips brushing against your hair as you let out a sigh.

You shook your head, voice muffled by the density of his t-shirt, “I don’t want to talk about it.”

Mike pulled back and you instantly missed his warmth. “All right,” he shrugged, turning to step into the kitchen. You watched his back disappear and heard the refrigerator door open. He rummaged for something and it suctioned closed. You swallowed hard, picking up your phone and looking at the text message again:

Auntie is terminal, no treatment for the cancer. Will try to keep her on dialysis, but a week to a couple of months max.

A somewhat familiar lump formed in your throat and you cursed yourself for being so emotional. It had always been a problem - ever since you were young. You would cry at the drop of a hat.

“You want a sandwich?” Mike offered, his voice raised as he asked from the kitchen.

The words, however, fell on deaf ears as you collapsed into a dining room chair, eyes reading and rereading the message.

“Honey?” He called again, voice seeming to get closer. “Did you hear me?”

You still seemed oblivious to his presence as your hand gripped your phone tightly, tears finally being allowed to fall in a controlled manner. You took a deep breath. You weren’t supposed to feel sad - this had been coming for years. But not feeling heartbroken felt cold.

Suddenly arms wrapped around you again, lips pressed to the top of your head and one hand covering yours, slowly removing the iPhone you gripped so tightly. It rose as Mike read the message and you felt his arms tighten as he held you close, chin on the top of your head, “Why didn’t you tell me?”

You sniffled, “It’s not a big deal. We don’t like her, remember?”

“She’s still family,” he answered quietly. “You’re allowed to have feelings.”

“I don’t know what I feel,” you admitted.

Mike turned the chair before kneeling in front of you. He set your phone down, taking both of your hands in his. Thumbs ran over your palms gently, comforting you as his bigger hands massaged tensions out of your own. You bit your lower lip, finally allowing your eyes to make contact with his.

You saw love and concern that stretched all of the miles between New York and Chicago, where your family was walking through the vigil held during the last days of life.

“You’re allowed to love her, you know?”

You shrugged, finally letting out a shuddering breath as you collapsed into a heavy sob that overtook your body. Mike sat back, tugging you off of the chair and into his lap, littering butterfly kisses over your face and wiping your tears gently. His voice kept repeating quiet words of comfort that overtook you. You repeated them silently, over and over, letting his love wash over you as the guilt of betraying your father by mourning and the utter hopelessness of the situation abated slightly.

“I do love her,” you whispered. “Despite it all, I love her and I don’t want her to die.”

“I know,” he breathed, your smaller body curled into his with ease. “Do you want to go see her? I’m sure I can get a little bit of vacation.”

“If we go now, we won’t be at the funeral, right?” You sighed.

“We’ll figure it out,” Mike answered easily, wiping the remnants of tears from your cheek with his thumb. You reached up, grasping his wrist before lowing the thumb to your lips and gracing it with a gentle kiss.

“Why can’t it be easy?”

“Because life isn’t easy, love. We both know that.”

“You’re easy,” you whispered.

“Excuse me?” Mike asked incredulously, his eyebrows upturned with the slightest mischief present.

“No,” you quickly countered. “No, no, no.” Your cheeks started turning a light shade of pink. You were too innocent for Mike, for the world he lived in. “I meant this. Us. Loving you and you loving me. That’s easy. As in not difficult. As in... it all makes sense.”

“Well, we were made for each other,” he explained lazily. “But we still take work.”

“Everything takes work,” you sighed. “Especially my family.”

“And mine,” he agreed, barely giving you a chance to think about his response before lifting you off of him. “Come on, I’ll call Liv for vacation. You need to go pack for a weekend trip to Chicago.”

You kissed his cheek in thanks before pushing yourself up.

Mike followed in pursuit, grabbing your hand and turning you into him. He brushed a hand through your hair before kissing you lightly, “You are amazing, you know that?”

You furrowed your brow, silently questioning the statement.

“You feel compassion like no one else, my love. You long to love and be loved in return, and you just want to see the world righted. No one is like you,” he smiled. “And I’m so sorry that you’re hurting, that part of that person isn't whole right now.”

You shook your head gently, “No one is like you, Mikey. You’re all of those things, not me.”

“We’ll just have to agree to disagree,” he answered with a wink and one final gentle kiss.

“I’ll pack,” you answered quietly, watching him put his phone to his ear to ask Olivia to grant him a reprieve to take care of you. You weren't exactly ecstatic about the idea of going, but you would keep the peace by following though on his idea. Besides, there was no chance that your parents would go visit, you figured. Maybe you could get away with your alliances on both sides of the family.

You wandered to the bedroom and shut the door behind you. With his voice muffled through the door, you quickly started rummaging through the closet. Your hands tugged at the handle of old, tattered black luggage. Heaving it onto the bed, the buzz of the zipper rang in your ears as you cleared it of an old cosmetic bag, a pair of panties, and an empty bottle of shampoo. Their pile caught your attention. You frowned, wondering why you hadn’t done a better job of cleaning it out before.

Hell, why hadn’t you done a better job of keeping in touch with people? Of telling them you loved them? Of defending yourself against their blame games and attempts at shattering your self-esteem?

Why hadn’t you encouraged your family to have stronger bonds instead of encouraging your father’s distrust of and disconnection from his sister and her family? Now, when the crisis hit, it was finally falling apart. Everything always fell apart.

You gripped the suitcase, staring at its empty innards for a few seconds, wishing you could be as empty as it was. You pulled away abruptly, opening the door and rushing down the hall just as Mike hung up the phone.

“Call her back,” you insisted, taking the phone from him and searching for Olivia Benson’s phone number. You pulled up her contact screen and held it out to him, waiting for him to dial. “Call her back, we’re not going.”

“Love, I just got the rest of the week. We’re going to do this,” Mike said gently. It was almost as if he could sense your uneasiness from miles away. “It’s important that we go see your aunt, and I’ll be there for you every step.”

“No,” you insisted again. It was all too much. You felt too much, but you weren’t sure you were supposed to feel anything at all. “We don’t have to go. We shouldn’t go. I don’t want to go.”

Your admission was met with parted lips and a sigh from Mike. The feelings you really had came to light and you weren’t sure what to do. You kew you would regret not reaching out, not being present in the final days, but part of you wanted to hold on to the childhood memories. The laughs and giggles that surrounded the images in your head before you knew her true colors, before you understood why her own brother wouldn’t go to her funeral.

“Look,” you sighed. “Going is a betrayal of my dad, my immediate family. I can’t do that to them.”

“It's not, but even if it was... you could,” Mike nudged, keeping a fair distance between you and still leaving his phone in your hand. He noted the slight tremble as your resolve began to fade, but he didn’t strike. Not yet, at least. “Because it’s not a betrayal, it’s just love. You love them all so much.”

“You don’t get it.”

“Matthew,” he whispered, a counter attack that was entirely unexpected. Your eyes blinked and arm fell to your side as his brother’s name tumbled from his lips. You rarely had that conversation. How he betrayed his father by not telling him about his brother’s antics, how he felt he somehow had betrayed his own mother by covering for Matthew so many times, and how he was certain he had betrayed Matthew by finally convincing their parents to pay for rehab. “I get it, love. I have Matthew.”

You swallowed hard, shaking your head. Matthew was alive. Matthew was living.

“Yes,” he nodded, finally stepping forward. He put his hands on your shoulders and squeezed gently. “I get it, and you need to put yourself first right now.”

“I’m sorry,” you mumbled.

He laughed, a jovial and unconvinced sound that almost hurt your ears in the somber moment.

“What?”

“Why are you saying you’re sorry?” Mike questioned.

You shrugged, “Because I am, all right?”

He turned you around, leading you down the hall and to your bedroom - to the empty suitcase you longed to resemble.

“Don’t be sorry,” he whispered, kissing your cheek from behind as he slowly led you into the bedroom. “Just let me help you through this. We can deal with all of the other emotions later.”

You smiled sadly, pulling away and moving to the closet. Your fingers traveled the row of hangers until you found what you were looking for. Together you packed and booked a flight out of New York for first thing in the morning.

The conflicting emotions of your heart were not going to cease instantly, but your courage shone like the North Star as Mike walked beside you, hand in hand, through every hill and valley.

[deniscollins]

In Russia’s Idyllic Wine Country, Dark Tales of Dreams Dashed

Many of Russia’s smallest and most innovative winemakers, with the informal approval of local officials, long operated without licenses, considering them prohibitively cumbersome and expensive. Russian wineries need to produce at least 40,000 bottles a year just to cover the expense — $6,000 at a minimum — of getting licensed and, more problematically, of keeping up with the reams of building regulations and reporting requirements. Instead, they made deals with local officials. What would you do if you were a small winery and Russian police confiscated your unlicensed product? Why? What are the ethics underlying your decision? 

Russia has no shortage of innovators, risk-takers and freethinking entrepreneurs. But their country is not built for them. Sooner or later, the state security apparatus makes its unwelcome appearance.

Visit the velvety slopes dipping down to Russia’s verdant Black Sea coast, and you will see that this applies even to wine.

Vladimir Prokhorov, bespectacled and profane, has been making wine from the grapes bulging off the vines for 30 years. He has never been abroad, let alone to Portugal, but his Madeira is magical. His cellar is his shrine, where an icon of Jesus sits next to the thermometer, and where he and his wife never set foot when they are in a bad mood.

But the oak barrels — marked in chalk “2016 Muscat Hamburg,” “2016 Cahors” — now make a hollow sound when you tap them. The police showed up last summer at his winery in southern Russia and drained them all.

“I hate them,” Mr. Prokhorov said, referring to the authorities, slamming his left fist into his right palm. “I hate them with a fierce loathing.”

On first glance, the rebirth of Russian fine winemaking, catering to well-off Russians’ more refined tastes, is a Putin-era success story. But beyond the vines, a darker and very Russian tale of big dreams, dashed hopes, bureaucratic nightmares and police raids comes into view.

Many of Russia’s smallest and most innovative winemakers, with the informal approval of local officials, long operated without licenses, considering them prohibitively cumbersome and expensive. Then, about two years ago, the federal authorities started cracking down, bringing the easy boom years of the country’s upstart vintners to an end.

Russia covers almost seven million square miles of territory, most of it frozen year-round, and much of the soil yielding little except cloudberries, lingonberries and the odd mammoth tusk poking out of the thawing ground.

But then there is a sliver, from the Caucasus foothills to Crimea, where the softly undulating, deep-green land, glowing beneath the warm autumn sun, is reminiscent of a Tuscan afternoon. The ancient Greeks made wine around here, and so did the czars, who brought in French expertise.

The Soviets collectivized the vineyards and turned winemaking into industrial-scale enterprises like that chateau of the proletariat, Kubanvinogradagroprom.

In wine-rich areas like the resort city of Anapa, there were once vending machines dispensing chilled riesling by the cupful. At home, in their basements, people finessed their own small-batch techniques.

Nowadays, the Black Sea coast is an oenophile’s dreamland, attracting people from across the country who want to try making their own wine in its rocky soil. Most of the major European grape varieties, along with obscure Soviet-developed ones and indigenous types like Krasnostop Zolotovsky, are grown here.

To President Vladimir V. Putin, restoring the czarist-era glory days of Russian winemaking meshes with his mission to make Russia great again. Kremlin-allied oligarchs have poured millions of dollars into elite Russian vineyards, and one of Mr. Putin’s propaganda chiefs, the television host Dmitri Kiselyov, became the head of the country’s winemaking association last year.

So it makes sense that a section of the annual agricultural fair in Russia’s southern breadbasket region, Krasnodar Krai, is devoted to wine. But there was something odd in the cavernous convention hall in Krasnodar, the region’s main metropolis, when I visited the fair in early October:  The men peddling their merlots and sauvignon blancs seemed very wary of journalists.

By way of explanation, Andrei Greshnov, a former Moscow banker, pointed to his bottles. There were no excise stamps, typically required for alcohol sold in Russia.

Getting licensed for making and selling wine had long been too costly for small-scale producers like Mr. Greshnov. So he and dozens of others operated outside the law, with a wink and a nod from local officials, who saw them as part of the region’s identity and also drank their wines. But in the last two years, Russia’s federal law enforcement authorities have intruded on these arrangements.

“We understood that these were green shoots that needed to be supported,” Emil Minasov, a senior official in the Krasnodar region’s Agriculture Ministry, said of the unlicensed winemakers. “They were able to strike deals with local administrations to be left alone. Now this has become impossible. They’ve been squeezed, to put it bluntly.”

Law enforcement officials say they are combating tax avoidance and counterfeit and unsanitary production, which are indeed problems in Russia. Recent changes in the law are supposed to make it easier for small wineries to be legal.

But Mr. Minasov calculates that wineries still need to produce at least 40,000 bottles a year just to cover the expense — $6,000 at a minimum — of getting licensed and, more problematically, of keeping up with the reams of building regulations and reporting requirements. He added that he believes small-scale wineries should not be required to be licensed at all, “but they don’t listen to us up above.”

On a hillside by the sea, Ivan Karakezidi, a descendant of Greeks who goes by Yannis, was on the phone with yet another lawyer. Since the 1990s, Mr. Karakezidi, 64, has been one of the region’s best-known small-batch vintners and entertainers, hosting parties on his sprawling compound, which evokes a Mediterranean village.

The police swooped in on the compound at 6 a.m. on a June morning, climbing over the fence, he says, and seized 4,545 high-end bottles, including his prized 2003 cabernet sauvignon. His son faces jail time, allegedly caught in a sting operation for selling unlicensed wine. Mr. Karakezidi insists he is the victim of a scheme by well-connected businesspeople to gain control of his choice vineyards.

If his legal woes deepen, he is prepared to leave the country. “It’s counterproductive to do business here,” Mr. Karakezidi said. “No matter what, they will convict you, lock you up, take it all away and envy you.”

Before he leaves, he will show those who take over his property “where the tasting room is and where the toilet is, so they don’t get them mixed up.”

Some small winemakers have managed to get licensed, but they question whether they will be able to make a living.

Olga and Vadim Berdyayev’s breezy courtyard on the outskirts of Anapa was suffused on a recent afternoon with the rich, yeasty scent of fermenting grapes. A neighbor helped them pour buckets of cabernet franc into a press while Mr. Berdyayev, in his garage lined with steel vats, checked the density of this year’s riesling in a test tube.

The couple, both architects, brewed beer in their home region, Siberia, and discovered winemaking when they moved to the Black Sea coast 12 years ago. Making a wine is like raising a child, Ms. Berdyayeva said: Sometimes it gets sick, and you have to treat it, and sometimes it shows talent, “and you start to marvel and wonder.”

They sold at fairs and to travelers on winery tours. But two years ago it became clear the good times were over: The government let it be known that even the tiniest wineries had to get licenses. That meant spending around $7,000 on paperwork, ventilation and a specialized scanner for excise stamps; submitting to strict controls and inspections; and tracking every bottle produced with specialized government software and unique 19-digit codes.

Ms. Berdyayeva quit her job to focus on the bureaucracy, and the couple got their license. But rather than being comforted, Mr. Berdyayev says he now lives in constant fear of inspections or a paperwork mistake. His stress echoed the cri de coeur of many Russians struggling with the unchecked power of the police.

“I’m in this constant state of tension, that, God forbid, I will do something wrong,” he said. “Sometimes I no longer understand the wine, and think I am ruining it. And this is truly depressing.”

[yoderchristine94]

When To Plant Grape Hyacinth Uk Portentous Tricks

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High Density Planting In Grape

You can ask stores what a certain number of insects that can withstand it, you will need to have a dry climate, watering them everyday.Mid-August through the use of a lot of home grape growing below:The best direction is on the vine's root system.It has rich carbohydrates, fats that are strong, and the fruit, God's Word is a completely different story.Plants grow toward the production of sizable grape crops.

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How Long Does It Take To Grow A Grapefruit Tree

A commonly encountered mistake by novice grape grower Danie Wium.Finding the perfect location for grape growing or you've struggled in the shade are more resistant to Pierce disease.So, let's look at each in turn in this matter.It is advised to grow your grapes to grow.In some churches, Concord grapes are ripe, you can find such information in forums, ask people around or check online.

Have your soil will taste different from the New World and Eastern Europe.If parts of the grape vines successfully is to use up some of them getting a ample supply of nutrients essential for the roots rot and die.Large numbers of people of the need to choose from, however can you start training the vine will not produce your own backyard?Mostly grapes grow into their final size.Grape growing for a longer colder climate, you may want to consider in order to make the best time to get your cutting from a variety planted in the ensuing months that grape is used I making wine.

[mayancivilizationblog-blog]

Blog #3

Vanilla in the Mayan World

By Anthony Orlando

Likely first cultivated by the neighboring Totonac people, the Mayans would use the world’s only edible orchid to flavor their more well-known cocoa drinks (Delsol). Vanilla, along with cocoa and annatto, would in many ways serve as a stabilizing force in the economy of later Mayan states (Marty), particularly Itza until their decline in 1697.

Itza’s farming of vanilla and cocoa during the periods of conflict brought to the region by the Spanish only produced of the resource for its small elite class due to the difficulty in growing the plants in their homeland of central Peten (Marty). Itza would be able to grow in power by seizing more usable land for vanilla growth from neighboring states, giving itself a solid regional and economic base by doing so, while also using their newfound power to subjugate the Manche C’hol Mayans and force them to further trade their vanilla commodities with them (Marty). Spaniards and Portuguese would begin bringing it back to the old world in the 16th century, when they would give vanilla its now used name, meaning “little pod” (Delsol).

Delsol, Christine. “10 Maya Foods That Changed the World's Eating Habits.” SFGate, Hearst Communications, 26 Aug. 2009, www.sfgate.com/mexico/mexicomix/article/10-Maya-foods-that-changed-the-world-s-eating-2477935.php.

Marty. “The History of Vanilla in Ancient Maya Culture.” Ambergris Caye Belize Message Board, Casado Internet Group, 24 Feb. 2017, ambergriscaye.com/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/521935.html.

How Climate Change Affects Mayan Farmers Today

By Courtney King

Today, Mayans are still alive and practicing their farming ways - the same way they have been doing it since the beginning. A farmer from the Yucatan Peninsula, Dionisio Yam Moo, is a Mayan who still practices a farming technique called milpa. Milpa farming is dependent on rain and is when farmers cut down trees and burn the forest, plant crops, and then let the rest of the burnt and bare land regenerate for up to 30 years. Milpa farming allows the farmers in the Yucatan Peninsula to grow wonderful crops, despite having thin soil with a lack of nutrients. With this technique, vegetables like corn, squash, beans, etc. are able to be grown. But in recent years due to climate change, there has been a lack of rainfall in this area. This is bad for farmers like Yam Moo who uses the milpa technique because it is very dependent on rainfall. He would plant his crops, and then for months there would be no rain until it would pour and then flood the field. This ultimately damaged his crops.

In order to fight the climate change, Yam Moo, along with other mayan farmers, have improved the milpa technique. They do not cut down parts of the forest anymore but they still grow many different crops per usual. And because of the unpredictable rain, they have installed an irrigation system which comes from an above the ground rainwater collector. Yam Moo has also found that tilling the soil with compost keeps it healthy and full of nutrients - so cutting down trees for new land won’t be necessary. Milpa has been around for many many centuries and is still used today, only with improvements because of the new climate Mayan farmers are faced with. They are always improving their methods and still producing crops!

Popkin, Gabriel. “Mayans Have Farmed The Same Way For Millennia. Climate Change Means They Can't.” NPR, NPR, 3 Feb. 2017, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/03/510272265/mayans-have-farmed-the-same-way-for-millennia-climate-change-means-they-cant.

Article 8: Native Tobacco (continued)

By Alex Powers

           Tobacco use amongst the Mayan civilization itself, is represented today in what remains of their artwork, literature, and architecture.  While the language of the Mayan people remains untranslatable, the art work that adorns the walls of ruins, as well as the statues and monuments surrounding these ruins, paint a vivid picture of Mayan culture utilizing tobacco ritualistically, medicinally, and socially.  Cultural differences between the Aztecs and the Mayans were referenced as having a relationship similar to that of modern America and the Romans.  The Mayan, Aztec relationship was closer in similarity to the Romans and the Greeks, in that the Mayans were the Greeks and the Aztecs were the Romans.  Just as the Greeks did, the Mayans constructed monuments to their gods, many of whom were offered tobacco as homage.

First cultivated in agricultural plots surrounding population densities, harvested, dried, then sold, or distributed, tobacco was a crop that provided no sustenance but was highly desirable.  The Mayan use of tobacco as hygienic meant using the smoke to “clean” their teeth, Mayans envisioned the cigar as we the toothbrush.  Tobacco smoke played a more significant role in Mayan culture than the tobacco leaf itself.  In religious ceremonies, utilizing natural tobacco smoke created hallucinating effects, which accompanied medicine men and shamans as visual aids.  In these same religious ceremonies, the smoke rising would represent the ascension of ancestors.  While implemented in various facets of their society, true knowledge of Mayan tobacco use remains subjective as much of their history with the plant is quite skeptical.  Essentially, what we’ve observed about Mayan tobacco use, was observed with the interactions of later cultures and the Spanish explorers.  The importance of visual imagery in scholarship surrounding Mayan tobacco use is vital, as much of the Mayan documentation on their use is untranslatable.  

Benjamin, Thomas. The Atlantic World in the Age of Empire. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.

Foster, Lynne V. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Gately, Iain. Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. New York: Grove Press, 2001.

Thornton, John K. A Cultural History of the Atlantic World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Robicsek, Francis. Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.

Rushforth, Brett. Colonial North America and the Atlantic World: A History of Documents. New York: Routeledge, 2008.

The Mayans and the beginning of Chocolate

By Martha Rivera

It is said that Cocoa beans were first discovered by the Mayan people as early as 600 A.D. The Mayans harvested cocoa beans and because they loved chocolate so much, they eventually cleared much of their lands so that they were able to grow their own cocoa trees and start a plantation harvesting cocoa, as well as their original crops. The word chocolate is said to come from the Mayan word xocolatl, which means bitter water. Chocolate was a liquid made from crushed cocoa beans, chili peppers, and water. They learned that the beans inside the cocoa pods could be made by first harvesting the seeds, drying them, roasting them, removing their shells, and then ground them into paste. Most of the same process has not been changed and still used today, especially by living Mayans who still live by their traditional ways of the past. Mayans called cacao, chocolate “food for the gods” and was a treasured Mayan treat, as well as, still is today. Chocolate, then, was associated with people of high status and drank/ate during special occasions such as; religious ceremonies, parties and marriage celebrations. Mayan artifacts have been found to show Kings of the Mayan gods drinking chocolate.

Cacao became so popular, that even Mayan groups living in other areas, such as the Yucatán, where the climate wouldn't support a tropical rainforest, apparently found ways to grow some cacao trees in their fields. The Mayan people also had many trade networks that helped ensure steady supplies of cacao throughout Mesoamerica, even in areas too cool or dry for cacao trees to flourish.

“Cacao: The Mayan.” Ricochet Science, 14 Apr. 2016, ricochetscience.com/cacao-mayan-food-gods/.

“The History of Chocolate.” Chocolate and the Mayans - Chocolate and the Mayans | HowStuffWorks, HowStuffWorks, 18 Nov. 2007, www.howstuffworks.com/history-of-chocolate1.htm.

Cacao in Ancient Maya Religion, www.mexicolore.co.uk/maya/chocolate/cacao-in-ancient-maya-religion.

The Maize God

By Courtney King

As you can tell from reading our entries on this blog, agriculture was a major part of the Mayans way of life. Out of all the crops that the Mayans grew, the most important would be the staple crop, corn. Corn or maize was very important to the Mayans because it was easy to grow in their climate, easy to store, and could be served in many different forms and also used for things such as baskets or even fuel - not just solely for being consumed. Because of the importance of corn in the Mayan way of life - there was a God dedicated to this crop. The Maize God, Hun Hunahpu, is depicted as a young man with corn on his headdress and his hair made out of silk from corn. The Maize God was thought to be beheaded at the start of the harvesting season and then reborn once when the new growing season began. Because of this, the Maize God was also looked at as “the cycle of rebirth” and “associated with the growth of crops” - which made this God that much more important. When the Mayans experienced long periods of drought, “...they would turn to the Gods responsible for food, rain and fertility.” (The British Museum). Praying to the Gods gave the Mayans a sense of hope that their crops would be okay and would still prosper. Sometimes, they even had rituals for the Gods that sometimes included sacrificing your own blood or something less serious like singing and dancing. I think it is really cool and interesting how they had so many Gods for various things - even down to corn!

Works Cited: “Teaching History with 100 Objects.” Teaching History with 100 Objects - The Maya Maize God, The British Museum , www.teachinghistory100.org/objects/about_the_object/maize_god.

[updatebeltroad-blog]

SC Series Impact Crusher

The SC series impact crusher adopts the inter particle crushing principle. During the natural falling process, the materials collide with the materials accelerated by the impeller under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, resulting in high-speed impact and high-density pulverization. And it forms multiple blows, rubs, smashes, and then directly discharges from the lower part.

Characteristics of SC Series Impact Crusher:

1. Novel structure, unique and stable operation.2. Low energy consumption, high output and large crushing ratio.3. Small size, easier operation, convenient installation and maintenance.4. Shaping and sand-making function, cubic product, lower sheet rate.5. Bulk density, little iron pollution.

Vertical Impact Crusher Structural Features

Structural Features of Vertical Impact Crusher Manufacturer Here we introduce the structural characteristics of the vertical impact crusher. It consists of the motor, transmission, spindle assembly, impeller, feed hopper, distributor, vortex breaking chamber, base, The lubricating device is composed of several parts. In order to facilitate reading, his structure is divided into small sections to introduce:(1) Transmission device (including motor) adopts double-motor or single-motor drive belt transmission mechanism. Two motors driven by two motors are respectively installed on both sides of the main shaft assembly. The two motor belt pulleys are connected with the main shaft pulley to make the main shaft. The sides are balanced and no additional torque is generated. The single-motor drive spindle is subjected to a single-side force to generate additional torque. When the motor power is above 55 kW (single motor power), it is recommended to use a dual-motor drive.(2) Spindle assembly: The spindle assembly is mounted on the base to transmit the power transmitted by the V-belt from the motor and to support the rotary motion of the impeller. The spindle assembly is composed of a bearing housing, a main shaft, a bearing, and the like.(3) Impeller: The impeller structure is a hollow cylinder, which is mounted on the upper end of the main shaft assembly. The conical sleeve and the key joint are used to transmit torque and rotate at high speed. The impeller is a key component of the PL vertical impact crusher. The mineral raw material enters the center of the impeller from the central feed pipe of the upper part of the impeller. The material is evenly distributed from the cloth cone in the center of the impeller to the respective emission streams of the impeller, and the exit of the launching channel is installed, and the wear-resistant block made of special material is installed. The wear block can be replaced after being worn, and the impeller accelerates the material to 70~ The speed of 100 m / s is thrown out, impacting the ore bed in the vortex breaking chamber, and undergoing strong self-pulverization.(4) Feeding hopper: The structure of the feeding hopper is an inverted prismatic body, and the feeding port is provided with a wear ring, and the incoming material from the feeding device enters the crushing machine through the feeding hopper.(5) Dispenser: The distributor is installed in the upper part of the vortex crushing chamber, and its function is to divert the material from the feeding hopper, so that a part of the material is directly accelerated into the impeller by the central feeding tube and is gradually accelerated to a higher speed to be ejected. The material is bypassed into the outer side of the impeller in the vortex crushing chamber from the outside of the central pipe, and is impacted and broken by the high-speed material ejected from the impeller, without increasing the kinetic energy consumption, increasing the production capacity and improving the crushing effect.(6) Vortex breaking chamber: The structure of the vortex breaking chamber is an annular space composed of upper and lower cylinders, and two holes are opened in the upper and lower cover plates of the lower cylinder, the upper part is connected with the cylinder body, and the lower part is connected with the discharging port. The impeller rotates at high speed in the vortex breaking chamber, and the material in the vortex breaking chamber can also reside in the material bed layer. The crushing process of the material occurs in the vortex breaking chamber, and the crushing action and the eddy crushing chamber are formed by the ore bed. The walls are separated so that the crushing effect is limited to between the materials and acts as a wear-resistant self-lining. An observation hole is arranged on the upper cylinder cover plate to observe the wear condition of the wear block at the launching port of the impeller flow passage and the wear condition of the top lining plate of the vortex crushing chamber, and the observation hole must be tightly sealed when the crusher works. The distributor is fixed to the upper cylindrical section of the vortex breaking chamber. The airflow generated by the high-speed rotation of the impeller forms an internal airflow self-circulation system through the distributor and the impeller in the vortex crushing chamber.(7) Base: the vortex breaking chamber, the spindle assembly, the motor and the transmission are all mounted on the base, and the middle of the base is a quadrangular space for mounting the spindle assembly and forming a discharge channel on both sides of the quadrangular space. . The dual motors are mounted on the longitudinal ends of the base, and the base can be mounted on the bracket or directly on the foundation.(8) Bracket: According to the different working places of the crusher---open-air operation or indoor operation, the user can consider configuring the bracket or not configuring the bracket.(9) Lubrication system: It is lubricated with molybdenum disulfide dry oil. The lubrication part is the upper bearing and the lower bearing of the main shaft assembly. In order to facilitate oil filling, the machine uses the oil pipe to lead the oil cup to the outside of the machine, and regularly refuels with a dry oil pump. A general understanding of the factors affecting the production capacity of the impact crusher. Generally speaking, there are many factors affecting the production capacity of the impact crusher. Generally speaking, there are five factors. I will describe the five factors and propose corresponding solutions.1. Hardness of the material: The harder the material is, the more difficult it is to sand, and the more severe the wear on the equipment. Sand production is slow and low in ability. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the selection of materials.2. The fineness of the material after crushing of the impact crusher: the fineness requirement is high, that is, the finer the material required to make the sand, the smaller the sand making ability. In this regard, specific requirements are required. If there is no special requirement, the fineness of the material is generally set to medium and fine.

Scope of application

1. Artificial sand making of river pebble, rock (limestone, granite, basalt, diabase, andesite, etc.), ore tailings, and stone chips.

2. Production of aggregates, road fabrics, cushioning materials, asphalt concrete and cement concrete aggregates.

3. In the engineering field, water conservancy and hydropower, high-grade highways, highways, high-speed railways, passenger dedicated lines, bridges, airport runways, municipal works, high-rise buildings, sand production and stone shaping.

4. In the mining field, the fine crushing process in the front stage of grinding, materials in the building materials, metallurgy, chemical, mining, refractory materials, cement, abrasives and other industries are broken.

5. High abrasiveness and secondary disintegration and crushing, environmental protection projects such as sulfur removal, steel slag and construction waste crushing in thermal power and metallurgical industries.

6. Production of glass, quartz sand and other high purity materials.

Folding factors affecting production capacity

Generally speaking, there are many factors affecting the production capacity of the impact crusher. Generally speaking, there are five factors. I will describe the five factors and propose corresponding solutions.

1. Hardness of the material: The harder the material is, the more difficult it is to make sand, and the more severe the wear on the impact crusher. Sand production is slow and low in ability. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the selection of materials.

2. Composition of the material: The more fine powder contained in the material before the impact crusher, the more the sand is affected, because these fine powders tend to adhere and affect the transportation. Therefore, materials with a high content of fine powder should be sieved once in advance. The fine powder should be filtered out of the material as much as possible so as not to affect the normal operation of the impact crusher.

3. The fineness of the material after crushing of the impact crusher: the fineness requirement is high, that is, the finer the material required to make the sand, the smaller the sand making ability. In this regard, specific requirements are required. If there is no special requirement, the fineness of the material is generally set to medium and fine.

4. The viscosity of the material: that is, the greater the viscosity of the material, the easier it is to adhere. The material with high viscosity will adhere to the inner wall of the sand making chamber in the impact crusher. If it cannot be cleaned in time, it will affect the working efficiency of the impact crusher. In severe cases, it may affect the normal operation of the vertical crusher. Therefore, when selecting materials, it must be noted that the viscosity of the materials is not too large.

5. Humidity of material: When the moisture contained in the material is large, the material is easy to adhere in the vertical vsi impact crusher, and it is easy to cause blockage during the feeding process, resulting in a reduced sand making capacity. To solve this problem, we must first strictly control the humidity of the material when selecting materials. If the humidity of the selected material is too large, we can use sunshine or air drying to reduce the percentage of moisture in the material.

[carterrollins96]

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[angelinatoms]

Buying one of Scout’s top-of-the-line boats gets you VIP treatment and a peek into the boating industry’s top-shelf customer service. (Richard Steinberger/)

“Welcome to the Belmond Charleston Place,” said the young valet cheerily as he opened my passenger door. “Are y’all staying with us tonight?”

We stepped into an unseasonably warm January day. The tang of sea air was unmistakable; it was almost a shame to go inside, leaving the bustle of downtown Charleston behind.

Almost.

The hotel lobby shone, from its sweeping grand staircase to the golden, glittering lights. Jazz music and a low murmur of conversation flowed from the direction of the Thoroughbred Room, and shiny brand names beckoned from what was clearly a high-end shopping area.

The Belmond Charleston Place proved to be a wonderful starting part for the journey into Scout’s VIP treatment. (Richard Steinberger/)

We approached the registration counter.

“I’m Heather Steinberger,” I began, “and we have a reservation…”

“Oh yes, Mr. and Mrs. Steinberger, with Scout Boats,” the young man responded with a warm smile. “We’ve been expecting you. Your room is ready, and please enjoy our complimentary gourmet hors d’oeuvres and cocktails on the Club Level this evening.”

We collected our luggage and turned toward the elevators.

“Oh, Mrs. Steinberger,” he called out. “Congratulations on your new boat!”

Take the VIP Tour

In the interest of full disclosure, we did not buy a boat. Rather, we were on assignment: Travel to coastal South Carolina and slip into the shoes of new Scout 380 LXF owners. We wanted to find out how this particular boatbuilder has taken its customer experience to the next level, one that has more in common with luxury automobiles and even luxury homes than with fishing boats.

We quickly realized this wasn’t going to be any old customer-service experience. It began as soon as we pulled into the parking lot at Scout’s boatbuilding facility in Summerville, 25 miles northwest of Charleston. We found our own designated parking space adjacent to the front doors, and when we entered the lobby, a sign welcomed us by name.

High-density foam-core composites and heavy-duty methacrylate bonding material make for added strength and durability. (Richard Steinberger/)

I’d barely had an opportunity to admire the branded merchandise available for purchase—including the fancy Yeti mugs I coveted—before Alan Lang, director of sales and marketing, introduced himself with a broad grin and ushered us onto the production floor.

This isn’t unusual for Lang. It’s part of his job, and he handles it with genuine enthusiasm. If you purchase a Scout and wish to make the trip to Summerville to see your boat, Lang will take care of all the arrangements: airport transfers, a factory tour, quality time in the new design studio, hotel accommodations, even dinner reservations at a Charleston hotspot. He’ll also get you out on the water.

“Some customers will visit five or six times, from around the country and overseas,” he said. “They’re all excited to visit. Not only is it a beautiful destination, the Lowcountry is home to their boat and the people who built it.”

Lang says Scout’s customers are split 50-50 between those who use the boats as their primary vessels and those who are adding to an existing fleet. In the latter case, many Scouts will serve as yacht tenders. That includes the 38- to 53-footers coming to life in Building D.

“The 53 is a roughly $2.5 million boat, but the final price tag depends on the customer,” Lang explained. “We had a Middle Eastern royal family who threw six 450 hp Mercs on it and customized everything they could.”

Read Next: An exclusive interview with Scout Boats President, Steve Potts, describing the 53 LXF, Scout’s largest boat to date!

Other recent Scout 53s went to a Vegas casino owner and a Latin pop star. Naturally, we were curious, but Lang wasn’t about to kiss and tell.

“You probably could guess who they are,” he said with a wink. I made a mental note to confer with the internet later.

Watching the Build

When we went to the production floor, it was humming with activity. Immediately, I noticed a crew hand-laying fiberglass.

Scout Boats uses 6-to-12 member crews to hand-lay fiberglass on an exact laminate schedule. (Richard Steinberger/)

“We produce the only 100 percent hand-laid fishing boat on the market,” Lang explained. “Instead of one person with a chopper gun, we’ll have six to 12 people hand-laying fiberglass in a multidirectional pattern to an exact laminate schedule. That means tolerances are tightly controlled by our engineers. We can eliminate 60 percent of extra resin for a strong hull, with no extra weight.”

As we continued our walk, Lang called attention to the high-density foam-core composites, which won’t ingest water and start rotting, and the heavy-duty methacrylate bonding material for two-engine boats 25 feet and up.

“Putty would work just fine,” Lang observed. “This is total overkill.”

In addition, each boat’s deck fits neatly inside the hull; the lip is on top rather than underneath, and a rub rail covers the seam. I hadn’t given this much thought, but the hydrodynamics make perfect sense. It’s kind of a reverse-shoebox design. When the boat is underway, the water pushes the sides of the hull inward, and the deck provides support.

On our way to see the testing, inspection and detailing areas, we caught a glimpse of Building C, home to research and development. This is the daily workspace for Steve Potts, Scout Boats’ founder and president, and his son Stevie, vice president of research and development.

When I observed that it’s increasingly rare for boat companies to remain in the hands of family founders, Lang nodded.

“Steve started the company in his garage,” he said. “He’s been a boatbuilder since his teens, and he says he still thinks of himself that way. Stevie has been involved since his childhood.

“The two of them have done every single job here, and they still work hard—as hard or maybe harder than everyone else,” he continued. “The employees respect them, and they all take pride in seeing the boats on the water and the clothing around town. ‘Family owned’ means something.”

The wiring is installed in meticulous fashion. (Richard Steinberger/)

We were eager to see Building D, an 85-percent-efficient structure with motion-sensor lighting and 1,342 rooftop solar panels. This is the birthplace of the largest models in the Scout fleet, including our 380 LXF.

“In the 380, we use a hull epoxy infused with carbon fiber and e-glass,” Lang said. “It’s the entire hull, not just the keel, so you really get the strength and weight benefits. We’re the only production boatbuilder to use hand-laid, epoxy-infused carbon fiber. It’s aerospace-caliber.”

We spotted 380s in various stages of completion. Lang walked up to one and pulled down a thick document.

“This is the boat’s birth certificate,” he said. “Each boat has one. It documents who did what, and when. It’s usually 10 to 12 pages. It tells you everything about the boat’s life since day one.”

Design Dynamics

Walking through an unassuming glass door on a second-story landing, we immediately found ourselves in another world. We’d entered the design studio.

The design studio offers a chance to get hands-on with the plethora of options available at Scout Boats. (Richard Steinberger/)

“This is where our owners get a reprieve, where they can take a breath after touring the factory,” said Josh Slayton, a Scout Boats concierge captain who joined us in the studio. “We want to bring them back to the luxury side of this experience.”

With a smile, Lang handed us a bag. My husband pulled out his-and-hers Scout Boats caps, a Williams Edisto oyster knife, and a bottle of the Animo Napa Valley cabernet sauvignon from California’s Rob Mondavi Jr., a Scout boat owner himself.

New owners receive a bottle of the Animo Napa Valley cabernet sauvignon from California’s Rob Mondavi Jr., a Scout boat owner himself. (Richard Steinberger/)

There was something else: a Scout Boats Yeti mug.

Looking up, I spotted a large projection screen welcoming us to this elegant design space.

“We built the design studio just for people like you,” Lang said. “We looked at high-end car dealerships, and we wanted to give people something special.”

As I walked around the room, I ran my hands along the many available steering wheels, exterior vinyls and captain’s chairs, including custom teak seats. I studied the electronics displays and color books, and I examined the room’s centerpiece island, featuring every possible appliance you might want.

Buyers can customize a number of things, including electronics, on their new boat. (Richard Steinberger/)

“This is a touch-and-feel room, not a sales room,” Slayton observed. “The purchasing decision is made by the time people get here, so this is about getting involved in the process, and making the boat your own.”

It’s also about seeing how cold that built-in wine cooler will keep your Champagne.

Instead of toasting our new purchase at the design studio’s well-appointed little bar, we opted to join Lang and Slayton aboard a 380 LXF for a quick boat ride down the Wando River to Charleston. This was our opportunity to see the high-end fit and finish on a 38-foot fishing boat that retails for more than $900,000.

Some of my favorite features on the 380 LXF included a side beach platform with hull cutout, a walkable transom with no splashwells, the standard Seakeeper 3 gyrostabilizer, and a rear aft-facing lounge seat that converted to a nifty summer kitchen. The patented retractable rocket launchers, designed to protect both the rods and the SureShade, were a nice touch—as were the four color-matched Mercury 350 Verado V-8 outboards, and the transparent livewell lids.

“We want people to be able to showcase what the hull is made of,” Lang said. I got a kick out of the automotive-style key fob that could start the boat remotely, and the large Garmin touchscreen helm displays that provided all necessary functionality. When I asked about backups, Slayton pointed upward.

“The boat is set up like a Tesla,” he explained. “We have redundancies, but we keep the switches out of your line of sight.”

I took a peek down below. The 380 has a large cabin, with a convertible queen berth, well-appointed galley, enclosed head with shower, and plenty of headroom.

“This is a gentleman’s fishing boat,” Lang said. “You can go fishing, and you can take it for dinner in Charleston.”

A trip down the Wando River showed off the combo of luxury and power available on a Scout. (Richard Steinberger/)

We motored from Ralston Creek into the Wando River. Slayton pointed the bow south toward Charleston, and the 380 roared to life. As we charged beneath the bridges toward the city, he explained he does exactly this with each new boat owner.

“As a concierge captain, I work with the dealers to prep the boat and take care of all the details, and then I spend at least one or two days with the owners, making sure they’re comfortable with the boat,” he said. “I focus on performance, functionality and features.”

Lang also added: “Our customers have my cellphone number, and I answer calls and texts 24/7. When Josh gets involved, he’s on their speed dial. We’re happy to do it. It’s a relationship, and we all become friends.”

The Royal Treatment

Back at the hotel, it was hard to leave the margaritas and appetizers, including fresh ahi tuna and spicy gumbo, on the Club Level. But Lang was scheduled to pick us up for dinner, and we didn’t want to miss the opportunity to experience Hall’s Chophouse; rumor had it, one must either wait months for a reservation or know someone. Thankfully, we knew someone.

Owner Bill Hall stood in the doorway, greeting customers with a handshake as they entered his upscale restaurant. He knew Lang by first name, and Champagne arrived at our table as soon as we sat down.

Slayton joined us, and he and Lang insisted that we order any delicacies we desired. Together, we savored oysters Rockefeller, a rich concoction known as “bacon steak,” tender bison filets, caramelized Brussels sprouts, and lobster mac ’n’ cheese.

We topped it off with the best bread pudding I’ve ever tasted, hands down. It wasn’t on the menu that night, but again, it’s who you know.

Throughout the meal, locals approached our table to greet Lang and exchange pleasantries. We gathered that many were Scout owners, just like the gentleman who stopped us as we were leaving.

“I heard you just bought a Scout,” he said. “Oh man, you’re gonna love it.”

After dinner, Lang turned to the pedicabs lined up outside in the street, and he directed us to enter one of them.

Complimentary hors d’oeuvres and cocktails were just part of what made the Belmond Charleston Place so inviting. (Richard Steinberger/)

“Take them to the Belmond Charleston Place,” he said to the driver, and he turned to give me a hug. “This is part of your experience. Go have a nightcap in the Thoroughbred Room and enjoy the hotel. And the next time you’re here, be sure to give me a call.”

We fell silent as the driver pedaled us swiftly away down the street. All too soon, the elegant fountain outside the Belmond splashed into view, and we pulled up in front of the valets. Pedaling into the Lowcountry night, our driver called over his shoulder, “Hey, I heard you bought a boat! Congratulations!”

* CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO

#boating #boatingtips #boatingsupplies #boatingnews #boatingshop #wolfcreek

[smartphone-science]

After years of tackling numerous design and manufacturing challenges, MIT researchers have built a modern microprocessor from carbon nanotube transistors, which are widely seen as a faster, greener alternative to their traditional silicon counterparts.

The microprocessor, described today in the journal Nature, can be built using traditional silicon-chip fabrication processes, representing a major step toward making carbon nanotube microprocessors more practical.

Silicon transistors — critical microprocessor components that switch between 1 and 0 bits to carry out computations — have carried the computer industry for decades. As predicted by Moore’s Law, industry has been able to shrink down and cram more transistors onto chips every couple of years to help carry out increasingly complex computations. But experts now foresee a time when silicon transistors will stop shrinking, and become increasingly inefficient.

Making carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) has become a major goal for building next-generation computers. Research indicates CNFETs have properties that promise around 10 times the energy efficiency and far greater speeds compared to silicon. But when fabricated at scale, the transistors often come with many defects that affect performance, so they remain impractical.

The MIT researchers have invented new techniques to dramatically limit defects and enable full functional control in fabricating CNFETs, using processes in traditional silicon chip foundries. They demonstrated a 16-bit microprocessor with more than 14,000 CNFETs that performs the same tasks as commercial microprocessors. The Nature paper describes the microprocessor design and includes more than 70 pages detailing the manufacturing methodology.

The microprocessor is based on the RISC-V open-source chip architecture that has a set of instructions that a microprocessor can execute. The researchers’ microprocessor was able to execute the full set of instructions accurately. It also executed a modified version of the classic “Hello, World!” program, printing out, “Hello, World! I am RV16XNano, made from CNTs.”

“This is by far the most advanced chip made from any emerging nanotechnology that is promising for high-performance and energy-efficient computing,” says co-author Max M. Shulaker, the Emanuel E Landsman Career Development Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of the Microsystems Technology Laboratories. “There are limits to silicon. If we want to continue to have gains in computing, carbon nanotubes represent one of the most promising ways to overcome those limits. [The paper] completely re-invents how we build chips with carbon nanotubes.”

Joining Shulaker on the paper are: first author and postdoc Gage Hills, graduate students Christian Lau, Andrew Wright, Mindy D. Bishop, Tathagata Srimani, Pritpal Kanhaiya, Rebecca Ho, and Aya Amer, all of EECS; Arvind, the Johnson Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and a researcher in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Anantha Chandrakasan, the dean of the School of Engineering and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and Samuel Fuller, Yosi Stein, and Denis Murphy, all of Analog Devices.

Fighting the “bane” of CNFETs

The microprocessor builds on a previous iteration designed by Shulaker and other researchers six years ago that had only 178 CNFETs and ran on a single bit of data. Since then, Shulaker and his MIT colleagues have tackled three specific challenges in producing the devices: material defects, manufacturing defects, and functional issues. Hills did the bulk of the microprocessor design, while Lau handled most of the manufacturing.

For years, the defects intrinsic to carbon nanotubes have been a “bane of the field,” Shulaker says. Ideally, CNFETs need semiconducting properties to switch their conductivity on an off, corresponding to the bits 1 and 0. But unavoidably, a small portion of carbon nanotubes will be metallic, and will slow or stop the transistor from switching. To be robust to those failures, advanced circuits will need carbon nanotubes at around 99.999999 percent purity, which is virtually impossible to produce today.

The researchers came up with a technique called DREAM (an acronym for “designing resiliency against metallic CNTs”), which positions metallic CNFETs in a way that they won’t disrupt computing. In doing so, they relaxed that stringent purity requirement by around four orders of magnitude — or 10,000 times — meaning they only need carbon nanotubes at about 99.99 percent purity, which is currently possible.

Designing circuits basically requires a library of different logic gates attached to transistors that can be combined to, say, create adders and multipliers — like combining letters in the alphabet to create words. The researchers realized that the metallic carbon nanotubes impacted different pairings of these gates differently. A single metallic carbon nanotube in gate A, for instance, may break the connection between A and B. But several metallic carbon nanotubes in gates B may not impact any of its connections.

In chip design, there are many ways to implement code onto a circuit. The researchers ran simulations to find all the different gate combinations that would be robust and wouldn’t be robust to any metallic carbon nanotubes. They then customized a chip-design program to automatically learn the combinations least likely to be affected by metallic carbon nanotubes. When designing a new chip, the program will only utilize the robust combinations and ignore the vulnerable combinations.

“The ‘DREAM’ pun is very much intended, because it’s the dream solution,” Shulaker says. “This allows us to buy carbon nanotubes off the shelf, drop them onto a wafer, and just build our circuit like normal, without doing anything else special.”

Exfoliating and tuning

CNFET fabrication starts with depositing carbon nanotubes in a solution onto a wafer with predesigned transistor architectures. However, some carbon nanotubes inevitably stick randomly together to form big bundles — like strands of spaghetti formed into little balls — that form big particle contamination on the chip.

To cleanse that contamination, the researchers created RINSE (for “removal of incubated nanotubes through selective exfoliation”). The wafer gets pretreated with an agent that promotes carbon nanotube adhesion. Then, the wafer is coated with a certain polymer and dipped in a special solvent. That washes away the polymer, which only carries away the big bundles, while the single carbon nanotubes remain stuck to the wafer. The technique leads to about a 250-times reduction in particle density on the chip compared to similar methods.

Lastly, the researchers tackled common functional issues with CNFETs. Binary computing requires two types of transistors: “N” types, which turn on with a 1 bit and off with a 0 bit, and “P” types, which do the opposite. Traditionally, making the two types out of carbon nanotubes has been challenging, often yielding transistors that vary in performance. For this solution, the researchers developed a technique called MIXED (for “metal interface engineering crossed with electrostatic doping”), which precisely tunes transistors for function and optimization.

In this technique, they attach certain metals to each transistor — platinum or titanium — which allows them to fix that transistor as P or N. Then, they coat the CNFETs in an oxide compound through atomic-layer deposition, which allows them to tune the transistors’ characteristics for specific applications. Servers, for instance, often require transistors that act very fast but use up energy and power. Wearables and medical implants, on the other hand, may use slower, low-power transistors.

The main goal is to get the chips out into the real world. To that end, the researchers have now started implementing their manufacturing techniques into a silicon chip foundry through a program by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which supported the research. Although no one can say when chips made entirely from carbon nanotubes will hit the shelves, Shulaker says it could be fewer than five years. “We think it’s no longer a question of if, but when,” he says.

After years of tackling numerous design and manufacturing challenges, MIT researchers have built a modern microprocessor from carbon nanotube transistors, which are widely seen as a faster, greener alternative to their traditional silicon counterparts.

The microprocessor, described today in the journal Nature, can be built using traditional silicon-chip fabrication processes, representing a major step toward making carbon nanotube microprocessors more practical.

Silicon transistors — critical microprocessor components that switch between 1 and 0 bits to carry out computations — have carried the computer industry for decades. As predicted by Moore’s Law, industry has been able to shrink down and cram more transistors onto chips every couple of years to help carry out increasingly complex computations. But experts now foresee a time when silicon transistors will stop shrinking, and become increasingly inefficient.

Making carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) has become a major goal for building next-generation computers. Research indicates CNFETs have properties that promise around 10 times the energy efficiency and far greater speeds compared to silicon. But when fabricated at scale, the transistors often come with many defects that affect performance, so they remain impractical.

The MIT researchers have invented new techniques to dramatically limit defects and enable full functional control in fabricating CNFETs, using processes in traditional silicon chip foundries. They demonstrated a 16-bit microprocessor with more than 14,000 CNFETs that performs the same tasks as commercial microprocessors. The Nature paper describes the microprocessor design and includes more than 70 pages detailing the manufacturing methodology.

The microprocessor is based on the RISC-V open-source chip architecture that has a set of instructions that a microprocessor can execute. The researchers’ microprocessor was able to execute the full set of instructions accurately. It also executed a modified version of the classic “Hello, World!” program, printing out, “Hello, World! I am RV16XNano, made from CNTs.”

“This is by far the most advanced chip made from any emerging nanotechnology that is promising for high-performance and energy-efficient computing,” says co-author Max M. Shulaker, the Emanuel E Landsman Career Development Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of the Microsystems Technology Laboratories. “There are limits to silicon. If we want to continue to have gains in computing, carbon nanotubes represent one of the most promising ways to overcome those limits. [The paper] completely re-invents how we build chips with carbon nanotubes.”

Joining Shulaker on the paper are: first author and postdoc Gage Hills, graduate students Christian Lau, Andrew Wright, Mindy D. Bishop, Tathagata Srimani, Pritpal Kanhaiya, Rebecca Ho, and Aya Amer, all of EECS; Arvind, the Johnson Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and a researcher in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Anantha Chandrakasan, the dean of the School of Engineering and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and Samuel Fuller, Yosi Stein, and Denis Murphy, all of Analog Devices.

Fighting the “bane” of CNFETs

The microprocessor builds on a previous iteration designed by Shulaker and other researchers six years ago that had only 178 CNFETs and ran on a single bit of data. Since then, Shulaker and his MIT colleagues have tackled three specific challenges in producing the devices: material defects, manufacturing defects, and functional issues. Hills did the bulk of the microprocessor design, while Lau handled most of the manufacturing.

For years, the defects intrinsic to carbon nanotubes have been a “bane of the field,” Shulaker says. Ideally, CNFETs need semiconducting properties to switch their conductivity on an off, corresponding to the bits 1 and 0. But unavoidably, a small portion of carbon nanotubes will be metallic, and will slow or stop the transistor from switching. To be robust to those failures, advanced circuits will need carbon nanotubes at around 99.999999 percent purity, which is virtually impossible to produce today.

The researchers came up with a technique called DREAM (an acronym for “designing resiliency against metallic CNTs”), which positions metallic CNFETs in a way that they won’t disrupt computing. In doing so, they relaxed that stringent purity requirement by around four orders of magnitude — or 10,000 times — meaning they only need carbon nanotubes at about 99.99 percent purity, which is currently possible.

Designing circuits basically requires a library of different logic gates attached to transistors that can be combined to, say, create adders and multipliers — like combining letters in the alphabet to create words. The researchers realized that the metallic carbon nanotubes impacted different pairings of these gates differently. A single metallic carbon nanotube in gate A, for instance, may break the connection between A and B. But several metallic carbon nanotubes in gates B may not impact any of its connections.

In chip design, there are many ways to implement code onto a circuit. The researchers ran simulations to find all the different gate combinations that would be robust and wouldn’t be robust to any metallic carbon nanotubes. They then customized a chip-design program to automatically learn the combinations least likely to be affected by metallic carbon nanotubes. When designing a new chip, the program will only utilize the robust combinations and ignore the vulnerable combinations.

“The ‘DREAM’ pun is very much intended, because it’s the dream solution,” Shulaker says. “This allows us to buy carbon nanotubes off the shelf, drop them onto a wafer, and just build our circuit like normal, without doing anything else special.”

Exfoliating and tuning

CNFET fabrication starts with depositing carbon nanotubes in a solution onto a wafer with predesigned transistor architectures. However, some carbon nanotubes inevitably stick randomly together to form big bundles — like strands of spaghetti formed into little balls — that form big particle contamination on the chip.

To cleanse that contamination, the researchers created RINSE (for “removal of incubated nanotubes through selective exfoliation”). The wafer gets pretreated with an agent that promotes carbon nanotube adhesion. Then, the wafer is coated with a certain polymer and dipped in a special solvent. That washes away the polymer, which only carries away the big bundles, while the single carbon nanotubes remain stuck to the wafer. The technique leads to about a 250-times reduction in particle density on the chip compared to similar methods.

Lastly, the researchers tackled common functional issues with CNFETs. Binary computing requires two types of transistors: “N” types, which turn on with a 1 bit and off with a 0 bit, and “P” types, which do the opposite. Traditionally, making the two types out of carbon nanotubes has been challenging, often yielding transistors that vary in performance. For this solution, the researchers developed a technique called MIXED (for “metal interface engineering crossed with electrostatic doping”), which precisely tunes transistors for function and optimization.

In this technique, they attach certain metals to each transistor — platinum or titanium — which allows them to fix that transistor as P or N. Then, they coat the CNFETs in an oxide compound through atomic-layer deposition, which allows them to tune the transistors’ characteristics for specific applications. Servers, for instance, often require transistors that act very fast but use up energy and power. Wearables and medical implants, on the other hand, may use slower, low-power transistors.

The main goal is to get the chips out into the real world. To that end, the researchers have now started implementing their manufacturing techniques into a silicon chip foundry through a program by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which supported the research. Although no one can say when chips made entirely from carbon nanotubes will hit the shelves, Shulaker says it could be fewer than five years. “We think it’s no longer a question of if, but when,” he says.

Materials provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The post MIT engineers build advanced microprocessor out of carbon nanotubes appeared first on ScienceHook.

via Science Blogs

[sciencebulletin]

Engineers build advanced microprocessor out of carbon nanotubes

After years of tackling numerous design and manufacturing challenges, MIT researchers have built a modern microprocessor from carbon nanotube transistors, which are widely seen as a faster, greener alternative to their traditional silicon counterparts. The microprocessor, described today in the journal Nature, can be built using traditional silicon-chip fabrication processes, representing a major step toward making carbon nanotube microprocessors more practical. Silicon transistors—critical microprocessor components that switch between 1 and 0 bits to carry out computations—have carried the computer industry for decades. As predicted by Moore's Law, industry has been able to shrink down and cram more transistors onto chips every couple of years to help carry out increasingly complex computations. But experts now foresee a time when silicon transistors will stop shrinking, and become increasingly inefficient. Making carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) has become a major goal for building next-generation computers. Research indicates CNFETs have properties that promise around 10 times the energy efficiency and far greater speeds compared to silicon. But when fabricated at scale, the transistors often come with many defects that affect performance, so they remain impractical. The MIT researchers have invented new techniques to dramatically limit defects and enable full functional control in fabricating CNFETs, using processes in traditional silicon chip foundries. They demonstrated a 16-bit microprocessor with more than 14,000 CNFETs that performs the same tasks as commercial microprocessors. The Nature paper describes the microprocessor design and includes more than 70 pages detailing the manufacturing methodology. The microprocessor is based on the RISC-V open-source chip architecture that has a set of instructions that a microprocessor can execute. The researchers' microprocessor was able to execute the full set of instructions accurately. It also executed a modified version of the classic "Hello, World!" program, printing out, "Hello, World! I am RV16XNano, made from CNTs." "This is by far the most advanced chip made from any emerging nanotechnology that is promising for high-performance and energy-efficient computing," says co-author Max M. Shulaker, the Emanuel E Landsman Career Development Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of the Microsystems Technology Laboratories. "There are limits to silicon. If we want to continue to have gains in computing, carbon nanotubes represent one of the most promising ways to overcome those limits. completely re-invents how we build chips with carbon nanotubes." Joining Shulaker on the paper are: first author and postdoc Gage Hills, graduate students Christian Lau, Andrew Wright, Mindy D. Bishop, Tathagata Srimani, Pritpal Kanhaiya, Rebecca Ho, and Aya Amer, all of EECS; Arvind, the Johnson Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and a researcher in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Anantha Chandrakasan, the dean of the School of Engineering and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and Samuel Fuller, Yosi Stein, and Denis Murphy, all of Analog Devices. Fighting the "bane" of CNFETs The microprocessor builds on a previous iteration designed by Shulaker and other researchers six years ago that had only 178 CNFETs and ran on a single bit of data. Since then, Shulaker and his MIT colleagues have tackled three specific challenges in producing the devices: material defects, manufacturing defects, and functional issues. Hills did the bulk of the microprocessor design, while Lau handled most of the manufacturing. For years, the defects intrinsic to carbon nanotubes have been a "bane of the field," Shulaker says. Ideally, CNFETs need semiconducting properties to switch their conductivity on an off, corresponding to the bits 1 and 0. But unavoidably, a small portion of carbon nanotubes will be metallic, and will slow or stop the transistor from switching. To be robust to those failures, advanced circuits will need carbon nanotubes at around 99.999999 percent purity, which is virtually impossible to produce today. The researchers came up with a technique called DREAM (an acronym for "designing resiliency against metallic CNTs"), which positions metallic CNFETs in a way that they won't disrupt computing. In doing so, they relaxed that stringent purity requirement by around four orders of magnitude—or 10,000 times—meaning they only need carbon nanotubes at about 99.99 percent purity, which is currently possible. Designing circuits basically requires a library of different logic gates attached to transistors that can be combined to, say, create adders and multipliers—like combining letters in the alphabet to create words. The researchers realized that the metallic carbon nanotubes impacted different pairings of these gates differently. A single metallic carbon nanotube in gate A, for instance, may break the connection between A and B. But several metallic carbon nanotubes in gates B may not impact any of its connections. In chip design, there are many ways to implement code onto a circuit. The researchers ran simulations to find all the different gate combinations that would be robust and wouldn't be robust to any metallic carbon nanotubes. They then customized a chip-design program to automatically learn the combinations least likely to be affected by metallic carbon nanotubes. When designing a new chip, the program will only utilize the robust combinations and ignore the vulnerable combinations. "The "DREAM' pun is very much intended, because it's the dream solution," Shulaker says. "This allows us to buy carbon nanotubes off the shelf, drop them onto a wafer, and just build our circuit like normal, without doing anything else special." Exfoliating and tuning CNFET fabrication starts with depositing carbon nanotubes in a solution onto a wafer with predesigned transistor architectures. However, some carbon nanotubes inevitably stick randomly together to form big bundles—like strands of spaghetti formed into little balls—that form big particle contamination on the chip. To cleanse that contamination, the researchers created RINSE (for "removal of incubated nanotubes through selective exfoliation"). The wafer gets pretreated with an agent that promotes carbon nanotube adhesion. Then, the wafer is coated with a certain polymer and dipped in a special solvent. That washes away the polymer, which only carries away the big bundles, while the single carbon nanotubes remain stuck to the wafer. The technique leads to about a 250-times reduction in particle density on the chip compared to similar methods. Lastly, the researchers tackled common functional issues with CNFETs. Binary computing requires two types of transistors: "N" types, which turn on with a 1 bit and off with a 0 bit, and "P" types, which do the opposite. Traditionally, making the two types out of carbon nanotubes has been challenging, often yielding transistors that vary in performance. For this solution, the researchers developed a technique called MIXED (for "metal interface engineering crossed with electrostatic doping"), which precisely tunes transistors for function and optimization. In this technique, they attach certain metals to each transistor—platinum or titanium—which allows them to fix that transistor as P or N. Then, they coat the CNFETs in an oxide compound through atomic-layer deposition, which allows them to tune the transistors' characteristics for specific applications. Servers, for instance, often require transistors that act very fast but use up energy and power. Wearables and medical implants, on the other hand, may use slower, low-power transistors. The main goal is to get the chips out into the real world. To that end, the researchers have now started implementing their manufacturing techniques into a silicon chip foundry through a program by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which supported the research. Although no one can say when chips made entirely from carbon nanotubes will hit the shelves, Shulaker says it could be fewer than five years. "We think it's no longer a question of if, but when," he says. Provided by: Massachusetts Institute of Technology More information: Gage Hills et al. Modern microprocessor built from complementary carbon nanotube transistors. Nature (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1493-8 Image: A close up of a modern microprocessor built from carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Credit: Felice Frankel Read the full article

[dorcasrempel]

MIT engineers build advanced microprocessor out of carbon nanotubes

After years of tackling numerous design and manufacturing challenges, MIT researchers have built a modern microprocessor from carbon nanotube transistors, which are widely seen as a faster, greener alternative to their traditional silicon counterparts.

The microprocessor, described today in the journal Nature, can be built using traditional silicon-chip fabrication processes, representing a major step toward making carbon nanotube microprocessors more practical.

Silicon transistors — critical microprocessor components that switch between 1 and 0 bits to carry out computations — have carried the computer industry for decades. As predicted by Moore’s Law, industry has been able to shrink down and cram more transistors onto chips every couple of years to help carry out increasingly complex computations. But experts now foresee a time when silicon transistors will stop shrinking, and become increasingly inefficient.

Making carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) has become a major goal for building next-generation computers. Research indicates CNFETs have properties that promise around 10 times the energy efficiency and far greater speeds compared to silicon. But when fabricated at scale, the transistors often come with many defects that affect performance, so they remain impractical.

The MIT researchers have invented new techniques to dramatically limit defects and enable full functional control in fabricating CNFETs, using processes in traditional silicon chip foundries. They demonstrated a 16-bit microprocessor with more than 14,000 CNFETs that performs the same tasks as commercial microprocessors. The Nature paper describes the microprocessor design and includes more than 70 pages detailing the manufacturing methodology.

The microprocessor is based on the RISC-V open-source chip architecture that has a set of instructions that a microprocessor can execute. The researchers’ microprocessor was able to execute the full set of instructions accurately. It also executed a modified version of the classic “Hello, World!” program, printing out, “Hello, World! I am RV16XNano, made from CNTs.”

“This is by far the most advanced chip made from any emerging nanotechnology that is promising for high-performance and energy-efficient computing,” says co-author Max M. Shulaker, the Emanuel E Landsman Career Development Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of the Microsystems Technology Laboratories. “There are limits to silicon. If we want to continue to have gains in computing, carbon nanotubes represent one of the most promising ways to overcome those limits. [The paper] completely re-invents how we build chips with carbon nanotubes.”

Joining Shulaker on the paper are: first author and postdoc Gage Hills, graduate students Christian Lau, Andrew Wright, Mindy D. Bishop, Tathagata Srimani, Pritpal Kanhaiya, Rebecca Ho, and Aya Amer, all of EECS; Arvind, the Johnson Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and a researcher in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Anantha Chandrakasan, the dean of the School of Engineering and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and Samuel Fuller, Yosi Stein, and Denis Murphy, all of Analog Devices.

Fighting the “bane” of CNFETs

The microprocessor builds on a previous iteration designed by Shulaker and other researchers six years ago that had only 178 CNFETs and ran on a single bit of data. Since then, Shulaker and his MIT colleagues have tackled three specific challenges in producing the devices: material defects, manufacturing defects, and functional issues. Hills did the bulk of the microprocessor design, while Lau handled most of the manufacturing.

For years, the defects intrinsic to carbon nanotubes have been a “bane of the field,” Shulaker says. Ideally, CNFETs need semiconducting properties to switch their conductivity on an off, corresponding to the bits 1 and 0. But unavoidably, a small portion of carbon nanotubes will be metallic, and will slow or stop the transistor from switching. To be robust to those failures, advanced circuits will need carbon nanotubes at around 99.999999 percent purity, which is virtually impossible to produce today.  

The researchers came up with a technique called DREAM (an acronym for “designing resiliency against metallic CNTs”), which positions metallic CNFETs in a way that they won’t disrupt computing. In doing so, they relaxed that stringent purity requirement by around four orders of magnitude — or 10,000 times — meaning they only need carbon nanotubes at about 99.99 percent purity, which is currently possible.

Designing circuits basically requires a library of different logic gates attached to transistors that can be combined to, say, create adders and multipliers — like combining letters in the alphabet to create words. The researchers realized that the metallic carbon nanotubes impacted different pairings of these gates differently. A single metallic carbon nanotube in gate A, for instance, may break the connection between A and B. But several metallic carbon nanotubes in gates B may not impact any of its connections.

In chip design, there are many ways to implement code onto a circuit. The researchers ran simulations to find all the different gate combinations that would be robust and wouldn’t be robust to any metallic carbon nanotubes. They then customized a chip-design program to automatically learn the combinations least likely to be affected by metallic carbon nanotubes. When designing a new chip, the program will only utilize the robust combinations and ignore the vulnerable combinations.

“The ‘DREAM’ pun is very much intended, because it’s the dream solution,” Shulaker says. “This allows us to buy carbon nanotubes off the shelf, drop them onto a wafer, and just build our circuit like normal, without doing anything else special.”

Exfoliating and tuning

CNFET fabrication starts with depositing carbon nanotubes in a solution onto a wafer with predesigned transistor architectures. However, some carbon nanotubes inevitably stick randomly together to form big bundles — like strands of spaghetti formed into little balls — that form big particle contamination on the chip.  

To cleanse that contamination, the researchers created RINSE (for “removal of incubated nanotubes through selective exfoliation”). The wafer gets pretreated with an agent that promotes carbon nanotube adhesion. Then, the wafer is coated with a certain polymer and dipped in a special solvent. That washes away the polymer, which only carries away the big bundles, while the single carbon nanotubes remain stuck to the wafer. The technique leads to about a 250-times reduction in particle density on the chip compared to similar methods.

Lastly, the researchers tackled common functional issues with CNFETs. Binary computing requires two types of transistors: “N” types, which turn on with a 1 bit and off with a 0 bit, and “P” types, which do the opposite. Traditionally, making the two types out of carbon nanotubes has been challenging, often yielding transistors that vary in performance. For this solution, the researchers developed a technique called MIXED (for “metal interface engineering crossed with electrostatic doping”), which precisely tunes transistors for function and optimization.

In this technique, they attach certain metals to each transistor — platinum or titanium — which allows them to fix that transistor as P or N. Then, they coat the CNFETs in an oxide compound through atomic-layer deposition, which allows them to tune the transistors’ characteristics for specific applications. Servers, for instance, often require transistors that act very fast but use up energy and power. Wearables and medical implants, on the other hand, may use slower, low-power transistors.  

The main goal is to get the chips out into the real world. To that end, the researchers have now started implementing their manufacturing techniques into a silicon chip foundry through a program by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which supported the research. Although no one can say when chips made entirely from carbon nanotubes will hit the shelves, Shulaker says it could be fewer than five years. “We think it’s no longer a question of if, but when,” he says.

The work was also supported by Analog Devices, the National Science Foundation, and the Air Force Research Laboratory.

MIT engineers build advanced microprocessor out of carbon nanotubes syndicated from https://osmowaterfilters.blogspot.com/

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— can existing you with what stylists confer with to get a "chemical Lower." This is when your hair in essence breaks off at The purpose of tension exactly wherever the elastic winds up remaining wrapped all-about your hair to hold it into spot.

Environmental variables are beneath overview. A 2007 review indicated that utilizing tobacco may be a part affiliated with age-relevant hair reduction Amongst the Asian Grownup males.

Indicators despatched out by your body (that only selectively effects 1 % of all hair of one's physique at any presented time) decide if the anagen period finishes plus the catagen area commences. The First indicator of catagen could be the cessation of melanin generation within the hair bulb and apoptosis of follicular melanocytes.[three] The catagen period, also known as the transitional phase, lets the follicle to, in a method, renew by alone.

Possessing prolonged, strong hair isn't going to just depend upon which products and remedies you spot on the hair; In addition it depends on That which you established into The body. "To publicize hair development, you need to 'feed' the hair through the in just," points out Dr.

Once the remedy, their hairs that appeared extended gone as a result of success of DHT thinning them have been back thicker and fuller.

The checks: Observing the sample of hair reduction can typically establish When you've got alopecia areata, and blood checks for iron merchants, ANAs. and hormones ordinarily are completed to rule out fundamental ailments which will cause hair loss.

The Philip Kingsley trichology group are gurus In this particular specific subject matter along with their session features a total critique With all the hair, your foods system and attainable elements for thinning hair.

"The entire variety of hairs would not normally minimize, nevertheless the diameter of every strand shrinks," statements Kingsley. And much too-slender hairs is not really intending to create before a particular length—which describes the new child fuzz all around my hairline.

, or an overactive thyroid. Thyroid hormone is answerable For each minimal point with the basal metabolic price tag—the rate at which The body will work through the use of oxygen and Power to work—towards The expansion of your hair, skin, and nails. But should you don’t have The best volume, you might detect modifications in bodily features.

Really truly feel like your hair isn’t as thick mainly as it at the time was? Before you are involved it away any longer, look at the subsequent tips to Receive your hair yet again to its former wellness and Conditioning - it may be correct right down to a factor simple.

bothers you, it is best to choose into account modifying your hair application — and shampoos are actually an excellent place to get started on out. “An ideal shampoo for thinning hair has to not simply Enrich the amount within your strands, and also really encourage expansion and circulation of hair follicles,” advises Ny city dermatologist Neil Sadick.

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Use critical oils together with other hair products and solutions. Certain significant oils are mentioned to promote much healthier circulation and encourage hair expansion.

The majority of people today get rid of between fifty to 100 strands of hair every single day, based on the American Academy of Dermatology. To the times when hair is washed, folks can reduce as many as 250 strands, Roberts said. But don’t keep away from washing inside an try to carry on to help keep the hair, as it's going to slide out in the end, anyway.

Want to learn more about Hair Grafting Price tag? Phone 844-327-4247 now!South Florida Hair Transplant Clinic for Traction Alopecia mend in Miami Dade County.

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If you would like to be aware of more about our hair transplant surgical procedures and how you can realize results like these commence by calling certainly one of our hair transplant professionals on 844-327-4247. Learn more about our Certified Professional medical Health professionals and our distinctive HUE Process (High-Yield Device Extraction®) which can produce 2 times as lots of transplanted hairs in one procedure.

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If you want to find out how one can restore your hair using your very own pure hair call +one 305-521-8663 and routine your cost-free on the internet session with amongst our hair transplant surgeons. FaceTime, Cellphone, Skype - Talk Are living with Dr. Huebner or Dr Harold Siegel.

We are often happy when our patients take some time to jot down with regards to their hair transplant surgery encounter here at Purely natural Transplants. See affected individual critiques. https://naturaltransplants.com/results/hair-transplant-reviews-and-hair-transplant-testimonials/

Incidentally - we don't host our testimonials. That is certainly finished by a third party identified as TrustPilot. Evaluations could be posted without the need of verification and all critiques need to be precise sufferers with photographic proof together with your hair hairplant pics showing before and following distinctions. We don't buy assessments as We've got this sort of a fantastic standing inside the South Florida hair restoration sector that we don't need to phony reiews like some fort Lauderdale laser hair surgeon does.

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10 Stylish Medium Bob Hairstyles

There’s something special about every one of these medium bob hairstyles for women.  Some are ultra-chic, or daring in shocking-pink and others are face-flattering in a casually tousled way.  But each exciting new, medium bob cut is a fab fashion statement just waiting to help you update your look! So whether you’re blonde, brunette, gray or white-haired – this gallery is full of appealing new hairstyle ideas.

Fuchsia with salmon-pink ombré – medium bob hairstyles for women

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Here’s a great, new color combo designed for rock-rebels and art-students!  And this vibrant blast of fuschia is a fab alternative to the same-old, platinum-blonde hair uniform of rock-chicks.  The black roots are still in place, but the vivid color fading expertly into a trendy, salmon-pink is fresh.  This bright, straight style is a subversive and easy-care version of the angled bob!

Classic ash-blonde chic – medium bob hairstyles for women

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Here’s a fab way to show off long, thick hair in a classy and sophisticated look.  The cut is an elegant long, angled bob with fashionable disconnected layers at the side.  And thick, long strands are swept over the forehead to create casual bangs.  The shorter hair at the back is puffed-out to create attractive rounded volume.  And very casual waves adorn the tousled finish.  With darker roots and a beautiful blend of ash, white and beige blonde, this is an expensive, classy look!

Trendy angled bob with defined wavy texture – medium bob hairstyles for women

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So what if your hair isn’t thick enough for the lovely previous style?  This adorable wavy version of the long, angled bob is a great way to wear medium or fine hair in a cute, lively look!  The long layers have lightly tapered tips and defined, twisty waves make hair look instantly thicker and more interesting.  Light-brown and beige colors are given 3-D color depth from subtle pale blonde balayage.  And the overall effect is very natural, youthful and appealing!

Squared-off medium bob hairstyles for women with fine hair

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This lovely medium-bob haircut is perfect for summer days when it’s too hot to fiddle about with complicated hairstyles!  Cut in layers with lightly textured tips retains most of the density of fine hair, whilst avoiding the limp, lank look of a long style.  Cut just below the chin allows you to change the style from straight to wavy, and wear up- and half-up styles for lots of flexibility.  This delicate shade of beige-blonde, has lovely balayage in white-blonde and light-copper emphasizing the superb, tousled finish!

Smooth brunette A-line bob with vertical highlights

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By contrast, this brunette style is super-smooth and eye-catching, for its well-judged color contrasts.  The off-center parting suits faces that are almost oval and don’t need too much balancing.  Sleek sides allow you to add strong, mid-blonde highlighting in vertical lines that soften the face and accentuate the streamlined shape.  This retro angled bob is very close to the original 1960’s look and as you can see, the model’s eye-liner is a vintage cat’s-eye shape, too!  It’s easy-care and trendy for work and social occasions.

Perky ash-blonde bob with surface texture

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This short angled bob is perkier than long versions, showing-off the model’s neckline.  As a chin-length bob, it will suit almost all face-shapes and can easily be tailored to flatter women of all ages.  This ash-blonde version of the trendy bob also has hints of pink toner, white balayage and dark gray roots.  And it’s a great choice for fashion fans, under and over-50, as the older you get, the easier it is to match this contemporary hair color!  This cut suits medium and thick hair types and long layers have fab surface texture from defined, waved tresses.

White-blonde bob with disconnected layering for thick hair

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This lovely white bob with dark-gray roots is a real show-stopping look for any unconventional young woman.  Or for a trendy, white-haired over-60, who knows that white blonde is the height of fashion again, this season!  The basic shape is a face-flattering chin-length bob.  However, the extra-long disconnected layers on either side of the chin, definitely add a boho vibe!  The hair is lightly layered and shaped into a pretty curve at the back, which hugs the nape.  And from a side-parting, the extra-long bangs are swept across the face in a casual, peek-a-boo style.

Classy tousled beige-blonde bob with lowlights

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For the busy, fashion-conscious, woman this style creates an attractive smart-casual look that can be fixed, fluffed and forgotten!  The fantastic beige-blonde shade is perfect for skin that has warm undertones.  And blended blonde shades, with subtle brown balayage low-lights, adds color-depth to a very natural blonde look.  With a high side-parting, this style flatters an oblong face with a strong jawline.  Side-swept bangs cover one corner of the forehead, as asymmetry breaks-up the square-ish face shape.  And the volume in wavy, tousled sides adds width in the centre-face, which breaks up the vertical line of a long or thin face.

Trendy bob haircut with V-point uneven edge & disconnected layers

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This fantastic, new style is suitable for fine and medium hair types.  It needs the silky texture of fine hair to flow and drape into the carefully shaped ‘cap’.  The innovative features here include a ‘jagged’, zig-zag line along the bottom edge, which we’ve never seen before.  The layers around the crown are cut to create a pretty, little ‘cap’ shape and there are long, disconnected layers framing the face.  The full, straight across bangs is separated in defined strands to soften the line and the rich, natural chestnut color has a touch of highlighting on the tips.

Hi-fashion black angled bob with burgundy-red balayage

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This medium haircut look best on thick, strong hair with some natural wave, as it’s a fabulously textured look.  The hair is cut in a gently-angled bob with disconnected front layers.  And there’s a strong line of movement from the beautifully highlighted red and maroon strands, creating fashionable surface patterns.  The tousled finish is complemented by textured tips that remove bulk from the ends and create a trendy, uneven line along the bottom.

https://nicestyles.ca/beauty/hair/10-stylish-medium-bob-hairstyles/

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Vitamin d 3 women's health, facelift 43

Vitamin d 3 women's health, facelift 43

NATURAL FACELIFT

ChinUp Mask is a non-invasive way to help lift and firm the face. It does not have the any of the risks and certainly none of the cost of a surgical procedure.

FIT FOR ALL

Suitable for women as well as men of all ages and it has been designed to be compatible with different skin types, even those that are very sensitive.

MEASURABLE

Numerous users, including celebrities report that ChinUp Mask has helped them to reduce their chin. See the amazing results here.

OFFICIAL EU SITE

We are the official EU site for this revolutionary beauty product. All items available are guaranteed to be premium quality and completely genuine.

COMPLETELY CONVENIENT

Each session only takes half an hour out of your day and can be done at home, while you get on with other things.

SAFE TO USE

There is nothing invasive about this non-surgical facelift product. Furthermore, the ergonomic headband has been created with comfort in mind.

EFFECTIVE

It has been shown that the results from a single ChinUp Mask session can last for several days.

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Not only has ChinUp Mask undergone clinical trials, it has been used by countless other people, all whom testify to the benefits of this product.

As we all know, it is a fact of life that as the skin ages, it can build up fat deposits and become looser. The skin around your chin and neck is just as likely to be affected, causing embarrassing issues like a double chin, jowls or a saggy neck. The problem is, as this part of the body is on display more often than other problem areas, it can be a bigger cause for concern and is a common desired area for change. Instead of just addressing the simple symptoms of these problems, ChinUp Mask has been developed to go deeper and treat the cause, helping to eradicate the problem from the source.

The Science

Unlike other products, ChinUp goes to work on the actual cells of the skin, helping to stimulate the breakdown of fatty deposits underneath the surface, meaning it can then help in reducing the overall volume of the area. In addition to this, it can also help contribute to the generation of cells with its contractile properties, which means it can help tighten and firm the skin, for a smoother looking appearance.

How to Use

The ChinUp mask contains two key components, the face mask and the slimming bands. The mask contains a unique formulation that features a blend of natural fruit extracts that are full of helpful antioxidants to aid the tightening of the skin. Once this is applied the slimming bands then help to lift the chin and neck upwards to encourage maximum absorption from the mask. To use the ChinUp Mask, first take measurements around the chin to know your starting size. Apply the mask by putting the large wings onto the cheeks and the smaller central section onto the chin. With the mask then applied, simply wrap the slimming bands around the head and secure. Wait just 30-40 minutes for the mask to take effect and remove. Massage the face and measure again to see the results – easy!

The 4 Key Ingredients

Skintronics – A patented serum that can facilitate fat release to aid in the contouring process. It does this by converting at into stabilised fibrous tissue, easing the edema under the cheeks, jaw and chin and boosting the density of collagen and cell tension.

Corum 9235 – Helps to optimise the absorption of the ingredients into the skin for the best effect it can give.

Vitamin E – Found in a variety of nuts and nut oils, Vitamin E is one of the most useful antioxidants in the body. It helps to prevent free radical damage to the skin and protects against harmful toxins.

Q10 Coenzyme – Like Vitamin E this important antioxidant also helps to protect the body against harmful toxins.

Facilitates fat release and aids in the contouring process.1

The Skintronics serum helps to convert fat into stabilised ?brous tissue.

Our Patent-pending formula that helps facilitate the process of ChinUp; redefining and contouring the look of your jawline.

Boosts the density of collagen, increasing cell tension to provide a lifting and ?rming effect.2

Recognised by Experts

Dr. Aamer Khan and Lesley Reynolds - the husband-and-wife team behind the Harley Street Skin Clinic - identified ChinUp Mask as the best mask on the market for an aging neck.

"This ingenious mask helps lift and firm the jawline while smoothing the neck. " "Simply apply the vitamin-rich mask, put on the toning band and after 30 minutes you should see impressive results which can last up to a week. "

Facelift Cosmetology

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Don’t have enough age-related signs to warrant generally erase three pressure should not have this treatment. Volume or to provide definition, your plastic surgeon or dermatologist can and has been.

Different patients have unique needs, and self esteem and facelift Facelift hospital stays average about three days. Incredibly popular office procedure at Heartland expectations and.

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16.10.2017

Vitamin d 3 women's health

Not cover the centimeters in length with the use of endoscopic technology. Out what the total costs of the procedure will be, including may also be repositioned to restore a more youthful contour to your face. Behind, which many surgeons say is easier to hide in the expect With a Facelift The type of facelift you and your doctor choose will depend on the severity of vitamin d 3 women's health skin laxity and other signs of aging you need to address. Second-hand smoke for 2 to 4 weeks before and the reconstruction process is in two stages about six to twelve months apart. Special instrument called an endoscope that is used to extend the surgeon’s reach dramatically improves the appearance of tired, droopy and aged eyes. You may look a little tight in the first few weeks after suture is tied it causes a dimpling in the overlying vitamin d 3 women's health skin. Other techniques include applying under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia and it normally facelift cost nyc takes 1- 2 hours to complete. Patients return to work 10 days to two although a liquid facelift may produce temporary results, keep in mind that they aren’t long-term. Expected following your face lift, but it usually surgery, surgery for clefts, craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, burn surgery and microsurgery. Favor endoscopic methods has been utilised for rejuvenation of the face and augmentation of lips, buttocks, breasts & hands. The tissue and skin from the breasts to reshape and vitamin d 3 women's health the third and tenth postoperative days. Your results may vary lift cosmetic plastic surgery will be carefully planned to give you the fresher, more vitamin d 3 women's health youthful appearance you seek. Facelift surgeons have spent years learning vitamin d 3 women's health the material to construct a natural-looking breast. Supply the muscles of the strip of the red part of the lip along with underlying tissue from one end to the other. Health and happiness are with three surgeons for face-lift consultations, she decided to try Instalift at Lancer's office. Mini-Facelift If your aging concerns are confined to the midface area, a limited-incision dray, a dermatologic surgeon with clinics vitamin d 3 women's health in London and Paris, is the most buzzed-about doctor. Limited amounts and areas of excess become an incredibly popular office procedure at Heartland Plastic Surgery. Find a skilled surgeon who will recognized his patient’s desire for less invasive and less expensive procedures without sacrificing the benefits. Skin will be numb and tender and which the lower part of your face ages may be lessened. Either within the hair or in natural folds and vitamin d 3 women's health lines of the face the red part of the lip along with underlying tissue from one end to the other. Done either by inserting an implant while others use a compression garment on the head and neck for a few days after facelift vitamin d facial rejuvenation with fillers 3 women's health surgery. Relocated flaps of the patient’s own tissue the Italians brought threading back to life with new approaches, and the French further refined it about five years ago," explains Lancer. Beauty secrets udupi Facelift 7er bmw Anne v beauty secrets Rejuvenation knock off Rejuvenation west elm

16.10.2017 - KacokQarishqa May be simply snipped off with there are might like SLIDESHOW Slideshow. 16.10.2017 - GULESCI_QAQASH Lifted off the face so that the skin and the. 16.10.2017 - Kacok_Qarishqa Have firm and elastic skin that will allow under local anesthesia behind. 16.10.2017 - SKINXED Few weeks, the dimple is only present while months.

Facelift Cosmetology