Blast From The Past Development Listing
?= On the fence
↑= On the fence about moving them up
↓= On the fence about moving them down
Quarterbacks
SF Alex Smith, 22 yrs, Star
ARI Kurt Warner, 35 yrs, Superstar
SEA Matt Hasselbeck, 31 yrs, Star
LAC Philip Rivers, 25 yrs, Superstar
CIN Carson Palmer, 27 yrs, Star
BAL Steve McNair, 33 yrs, Star
PIT Ben Roethlisberger, 24 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Brick Wall)
GB Brett Favre, 37 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Bazooka)
GB Aaron Rodgers, 23 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Gambler)
NYG Eli Manning, 25 yrs, Star
PHI Donovan McNabb, 30 yrs, Superstar
DAL Drew Bledsoe, 34 yrs, Star
DAL Tony Romo, 26 yrs, Star
NE Tom Brady, 29 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Pro Reads)
NO Drew Brees, 27 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Fearless)
ATL Michael Vick, 26 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (First One Free)
TEN Vince Young, 23 yrs, Star ? ↓
IND Peyton Manning, 30 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Pro Reads)
Runningbacks
SF Frank Gore, 23 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Wrecking Ball)
ARI Edgerrin James, 28 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
LAR Steven Jackson, 23 yrs, Superstar
LAR Marshall Faulk, 32 yrs, Star
SEA Shaun Alexander, 29 yrs, Superstar
KC Larry Johnson, 27 yrs, Star
LAC Michael Turner, 24 yrs, Star
LAC Darren Sproles, 23 yrs, Star
LAC LaDanian Tomlinson, 27 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (First One Free)
BAL Jamal Lewis, 27 yrs, Superstar
GB Ahmad Green, 29 yrs, Star
NYG Tiki Barber, 31 yrs, Superstar
PHI Brian Westbrook, 27 yrs, Star
WAS Clinton Portis, 25 yrs, Star
NYJ Curtis Martin, 33 yrs, Star
NE Corey Dillon, 32 yrs, Star
BUF Willis McGahee, 25 yrs, Star
CAR DeAngelo Williams, 23 yrs, Star
ATL Warrick Dunn, 31 yrs, Star
JAX Fred Taylor, 30 yrs, Star
JAX Maurice Jones-Drew, 21 yrs, Superstar
Fullbacks
SEA Mack Strong, 35 yrs, Star
LAC Lorenzo Neal, 36 yrs, Superstar
TB Mike Alstott, 33 yrs, Star
Wide Receivers
ARI Larry Fitzgerald, 23 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Max Security)
ARI Anquan Boldin, 26 yrs, Superstar
LAR Torry Holt, 30 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Rac ‘Em Up)
LAR Isaac Bruce, 34 yrs, Superstar
DEN Rod Smith, 36 yrs, Star
DEN Brandon Marshall, 22 yrs, Superstar
OAK Randy Moss, 29 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Double Me)
LAC Vincent Jackson, 23 yrs, Star
CIN Chad Johnson, 28 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Rac ‘Em Up)
BAL Derrick Mason, 32 yrs, Star
PIT Hines Ward, 30 yrs, Superstar ? ↑
GB Donald Driver, 31 yrs, Star
GB Greg Jennings, 23 yrs, Star
NYG Plaxico Burress, 29 yrs, Star
WAS Santana Moss, 27 yrs, Star
DAL Terrell Owens, 33 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Double Me)
MIA Wes Welker, 25 yrs, Superstar
NE Deion Branch, 27 yrs, Star
TB Joey Galloway, 35 yrs, Star
NO Joe Horn, 34 yrs, Star
ATL Roddy White, 25 yrs, Superstar
HOU Andre Johnson, 25 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Double Me)
IND Marvin Harrison, 34 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Rac ‘Em Up)
IND Reggie Wayne, 28 yrs, Superstar
Tight Ends
SF Vernon Davis, 22 yrs, Star ? ↑
SF Delaine Walker, 22 yrs, Star
KC Tony Gonzalez, 30 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Max Security)
LAC Antonio Gates, 26 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Max Security)
BAL Todd Heap, 26 yrs, Star
PIT Heath Miller, 24 yrs, Star
NYG Jeremy Shockey, 26 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
WAS Chris Cooley, 24 yrs, Star
DAL Jason Witten, 24 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Max Security)
ATL Alge Crumpler, 29 yrs, Star
HOU Owen Daniels, 24 yrs, Star
IND Dallas Clark, 27 yrs, Star
Tackles
ARI Leonard Davis, 28 yrs, Star
LAR Orlando Pace, 31 yrs, Superstar
SEA Walter Jones, 32 yrs, Superstar
KC Willie Roaf, 36 yrs, Superstar
CIN Andrew Whitworth, 25 yrs, Superstar
CIN Willie Anderson, 31 yrs, Superstar
BAL Jonathan Ogden, 32 yrs, Superstar
GB Chad Clifton, 30 yrs, Star
PHI Tra Thomas, 32 yrs, Star
WAS Chris Samuels, 29 yrs, Superstar
DAL Flozell Adams, 29 yrs, Superstar
NYJ D’Brickshaw Ferguson, 23 yrs, Star
NE Matt Light, 28 yrs, Superstar
BUF Jason Peters, 24 yrs, Superstar
NO Jammal Brown, 25 yrs, Star
CAR Jordan Gross, 26 yrs, Star
TEN Michael Roos, 24 yrs, Star
IND Tarik Glenn, 30 yrs, Star
Guards
SF Larry Allen, 35 yrs, Superstar
LAR Richie Incognito, 23 yrs, Star
KC Will Shields, 35 yrs, Superstar
KC Brian Waters, 29 yrs, Superstar
LAC Kris Dielman, 25 yrs, Star
PIT Alan Faneca, 30 yrs, Superstar
DET Damien Woody, 29 yrs, Star
CHI Ruben Brown, 34 yrs, Star
MIN Steve Hutchinson, 29 yrs, Superstar
NYG Chris Snee, 24 yrs, Star
PHI Shawn Andrews, 24 yrs, Star
DAL Marco Rivera, 34 yrs, Star
NE Logan Mankins, 24 yrs, Superstar
TB Davin Joseph, 23 yrs, Star
NO Jahri Evans, 23 yrs, Superstar
CAR Evan Mathis, 25 yrs, Star
Centers
SF Jeremy Newberry, 30 yrs, Star
DEN Chris Myers, 25 yrs, Star
DEN Tom Nalen, 35 yrs, Star
CLE LeCharles Bentley, 27 yrs, Star
PIT Jeff Hartings, 34 yrs, Star
CHI Olin Kreutz, 29 yrs, Superstar
MIN Matt Birk, 30 yrs, Star
NYG Shaun O’hara, 29 yrs, Star
DAL Andre Gurode, 28 yrs, Star
NYJ Nick Mangold, 22 yrs, Superstar
NE Dan Koppen, 27 yrs, Star
TEN Kevin Mawae, 35 yrs, Superstar
IND Jeff Saturday, 31 yrs, Superstar
Edge
SF Bryant Young, 34 yrs, Star
ARI Bertrand Berry, 31 yrs, Star
LAR Leonard Little, 32 yrs, Star
SEA Julian Peterson, 28 yrs, Superstar
KC Jared Allen, 24 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
KC Tamba Hali, 23 yrs, Superstar
DEN Elvis Dumervil, 22 yrs, Superstar
OAK Derrick Burgess, 28 yrs, Star
LAC Shaun Phillips, 25 yrs, Star
BAL Terrell Suggs, 24 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
BAL Adalius Thomas, 29 yrs, Star
CLE Willie McGinest, 35 yrs, Star
PIT James Harrison, 28 yrs, Superstar
PIT Joey Porter, 29 yrs, Superstar
GB Aaron Kampman, 27 yrs, Star
GB Kabeer Gbaja-Biamilia, 29 yrs, Star
NYG Michael Strahan, 35 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Fearmonger)
NYG Justin Tuck, 23 yrs, Star
NYG Osi Umenyiora, 25 yrs, Superstar
PHI Jeveon Kearse, 30 yrs, Star
PHI Trent Cole, 24 yrs, Star
DAL DeMarcus Ware, 24 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
NYJ Shaun Ellis, 29 yrs, Star
MIA Jason Taylor, 32 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
MIA Kevin Carter, 33 yrs, Star
BUF Aaron Schobel, 29 yrs, Star
TB Simeon Rice, 32 yrs, Superstar
NO Will Smith, 25 yrs, Star
CAR Julius Peppers, 26 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
ATL John Abraham, 28 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
ATL Patrick Kerney, 30 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
TEN Kyle Vanden Bosch, 28 yrs, Star
HOU Jason Babin, 26 yrs, Star
HOU Mario Williams, 21 yrs, Superstar
IND Dwight Freeney, 26 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Unstoppable Force)
IND Robert Mathis, 25 yrs, Superstar ? ↑
Defensive Tackles
ARI Darnell Dockett, 25 yrs, Star
LAR La’Roi Glover, 32 yrs, Superstar
OAK Warren Sapp, 34 yrs, Superstar
LAC Jamal Williams, 30 yrs, Superstar
CIN Justin Smith, 27 yrs, Superstar
CIN Sam Adams, 33 yrs, Star
BAL Haloti Ngata, 22 yrs, Superstar
CLE Ted Washington, 38 yrs, Star
PIT Casey Hampton, 29 yrs, Star
DET Shaun Rogers, 26 yrs, Star
CHI Tommie Harris, 23 yrs, Star
MIN Pat Williams, 34 yrs, Star
MIN Kevin Williams, 26 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Run Stuffer)
NE Richard Seymour, 27 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Run Stuffer)
NE Vince Wilfork, 25 yrs, Superstar
BUF Kyle Williams, 23 yrs, Superstar
CAR Kris Jenkins, 27 yrs, Superstar
ATL Roderick Coleman, 30 yrs, Star
TEN Albert Haynesworth, 25 yrs, Star
TEN Randy Starks, 23 yrs, Star
JAX John Henderson, 27 yrs, Star
JAX Marcus Stroud, 28 yrs, Star
Linebackers
ARI Karlos Dansby, 25 yrs, Star
LAR Dexter Coakley, 34 yrs, Star ? ↓
SEA Lofa Tatupu, 24 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
KC Derrick Johnson, 24 yrs, Superstar
DEN Al Wilson, 29 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
BAL Bart Scott, 26 yrs, Star
BAL Ray Lewis, 31 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Reinforcement)
CLE D’Qwell Jackson, 23 yrs, Star
PIT James Farrior, 31 yrs Star
CHI Brian Urlacher, 28 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Run Stuffer)
CHI Lance Briggs, 26 yrs, Superstar
MIN Chad Greenway, 23 yrs, Star
NYG Lavar Arrington, 28 yrs, Star
PHI Jeremiah Trotter, 29 yrs, Superstar ? ↓
NYJ Jonathan Vilma, 24 yrs, Star
MIA Zack Thomas, 33 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Run Stuffer)
NE Mike Vrabel, 31 yrs, Star
NE Tedy Bruschi, 33 yrs, Star
BUF Takeo Spikes, 30 yrs, Star
BUF London Fletcher, 31 yrs, Superstar
TB Derrick Brooks, 33 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Run Stuffer)
CAR Thomas Davis, 23 yrs, Superstar
ATL Keith Brooking, 31 yrs, Star
HOU DeMeco Ryans, 22 yrs, Star
Corners
ARI Antrell Rolle, 24 yrs, Star
KC Patrick Surtain, 30 yrs, Star
DEN Champ Bailey, 28 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Shutdown)
OAK Nnamdi Asomugha, 25 yrs, Superstar
LAC Antonio Cromartie, 22 yrs, Superstar
CIN Deltha O’Neal, 29 yrs, Star
CIN Johnathan Joseph, 22 yrs, Star
BAL Chris McAlister, 29 yrs, Superstar
BAL Samari Rolle, 30 yrs, Star
PIT Ike Taylor, 26 yrs, Star
DET Dre’ Bly, 29 yrs, Star
CHI Charles Tillman, 25 yrs, Star
MIN Antoine Winfield, 29 yrs, Star
GB Charles Woodson, 30 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Zone Hawk)
GB Al Harris, 32 yrs, Star
NYG Sam Madison, 32 yrs, Superstar
PHI Lito Shepard, 25 yrs, Star
DAL Terrence Newman, 28 yrs, Star
NE Asante Samuel, 25 yrs, Superstar
BUF Nate Clements, 27 yrs, Star
TB Ronde Barber, 31 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Shutdown)
ATL DeAngelo Hall, 23 yrs, Star
TEN Adam Jones, 23 yrs, Star
JAX Rashean Mathis, 26 yrs, Star
Safeties
SF Mike Adams, 25 yrs, Star
ARI Adrian Wilson, 27 yrs, Superstar
DEN John Lynch, 35 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Reinforcement) ? ↓
BAL Ed Reed, 28 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Zone Hawk)
PIT Troy Polamalu, 25 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Reinforcement)
MIN Darren Sharper, 31 yrs, Superstar
GB Nick Collins, 23 yrs, Star
PHI Brian Dawkins, 33 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Reinforcement)
WAS Sean Taylor, 23 yrs, Superstar X-Factor (Reinforcement)
DAL Roy Williams, 26 yrs, Superstar
NE Rodney Harrison, 34 yrs, Star ? ↑
BUF Donte Whitner, 21 yrs, Star
NO Roman Harper, 24 yrs, Star
ATL Lawyer Milloy, 32 yrs, Star
IND Bob Sanders, 25 yrs, Superstar
Kickers
ARI Neil Rackers, 30 yrs, Star
OAK Sebastian Janikowski, 28 yrs, Star
LAC Nate Kaeding, 24 yrs, Star
BAL Matt Stover, 38 yrs, Star
CLE Phil Dawson, 31 yrs, Star
CHI Robbie Gould, 24 yrs, Star
PHI David Akers, 32 yrs, Superstar
DAL Mike Vanderjakt, 36 yrs, Star
NE Stephen Gostkowski, 22 yrs, Star
TB Matt Bryant, 31 yrs, Star
Punters
SF Andy Lee, 24 yrs, Superstar
KC Dustin Colquitt, 24 yrs, Star
OAK Shane Lechler, 30 yrs, Superstar
DAL Mat McBriar, 27 yrs, Star
BUF Brian Mooreman, 30 yrs, Superstar
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Societal Readiness Levels: Ready for a new normal?
Monika Büscher
‘What gets measured gets done’ – a treacherous mantra of our times. As societies bend to a technocratic Gestell of indicators, their compliance feeds its power. In her critique of the New Urban Agenda’s call for urban resilience, Maria Kaika highlights how indicator-based planning can undermine communities. She cites Tracie Washington’s defense of disaster victims:
everytime you say, “Oh, they’re resilient, [it actually] means you can do something else, … We were not born to be resilient; we are conditioned to be resilient. I don’t want to be resilient …. [I want to] fix the things that [create the need for us to] be resilient [in the first place]
Tracie Washington, President of the Louisiana Justice Institute, in Kaika (2017).
Kaika shows how indicators designed to support resilience can end up supporting an ‘immunological’ ideology. A technocratic, managerial, solutionist smart city innovation agenda, she argues, ‘vaccinates citizens and environments so that they can take larger doses of inequality and degradation in the future’ (2017:89). The concept of ‘Technology Readiness Levels’ (TRL) is part of this agenda, as is the emergent concept of Societal Readiness Levels (SRL) (Fig 1). However, an affirmative critique (Braidotti 2011)of SRL may offer a lifeline off this self-destructive juggernaut.
Figure 1 Visualisations of Societal and Technological Readiness (Source: (Allwood et al. 2017)(right), (Schraudner et al. 2018)(left))
Developed by NASA as a ‘systematic metric/measurement system that supports assessments of the maturity of a particular technology’ and comparison between different types of technology (Mankins 1995), the TRL metric has spread to guide multi-trillion global innovation programmes. TRL embody a culture of solutionism (Morozov 2013), where technology is seen as a product designed to fulfill societal or operational needs or ambitions. SRL critique this technocractic focus. The SRL concept originates in debates about a transition towards low carbon futures (Allwood et al 2017, Fig 1 left) and the Danish Innovation Fund’s attempt to find a ‘way of assessing the level of societal adaptation of, for instance, a particular … innovation (whether social or technical) to be integrated into society’ (Fig 1 right). The two approaches are different in aim, one focused on a societal transformation where a socio-technical change of reduced material demand has become ‘normal practice’ at the highest SRL level, the other on measuring successful (profitable) embedding of (desire for) a product.
The Danish Innovation Fund’s SRL framework in particular has received interest from major actors like UK and EU research funding bodies. This indicates that concerns with the social dimension of innovation have become mainstream. The 2050 European Energy Roadmap, for example, recognises that citizens’ active participation in energy management is ‘as critical as technology to making the European energy system more flexible and sustainable’, and smart city innovation is scrambling to become ‘citizen-focused’. However, such citizen-focus all-too-often remains – at best! –at a ‘placating’ level (Cardullo and Kitchin 2019), at worst it constitutes cynical lip-service for moreintrusive commercial and security-driven exploitation of citizen data in ‘Lifeworld.Inc’ (Thrift 2011).
Mainstreaming attention to the social through SRL has failed so far. Why? Does this mean the very idea is ideologically corrupted like the New Urban Agenda’s resilience indicator-based approach? Or is failure down to a lack of societal readiness of the currently dominant SRL concept itself? Measurement and comparison have proved critical to societal transformation before (Mosley 2009). And as rapid societal transformation is needed to avert the collapse of humanity, could societal readiness be conceived differently? Allwood et al’s concern with a new normal as the highest level of societal readiness resonates with social science debates that the Danish Innovation Fund seems oblivious to. The summary below is designed to explore how we might give new direction to SRL.
Christensen’s recognition that innovation is often disruptive of existing socio-economic orders (Christensen 1997; Christensen et al 2015)highlights that technologies are not products to be inserted into a ‘context’ but catalysts for change. The concept of mode-2 science and society (Nowotny et al 2001)addresses this disruptive element and the unintended, un-known and unknow-able consequences of innovation. Mode-2 society and mode-2 science are based on interdisciplinary collaboration, and methods of collective experimentation (Felt and Wynne 2008), where scientists and citizens, organisations, technology developers and those who appropriate technology, bring together and contest social and technological innovation. Opportunities for such collaboration are often clustered at the implementation end of innovation, but calls to create them further upstream are beginning to define methodologies for citizen engagement on higher rungs of the ladder of participation (Arnstein 1969)to conduct Experiment Earth(Stilgoe 2016).
The result of such efforts should be more carefully radical and radically careful design (Latour 2008). Methods for achieving it cluster around experimentation, creative, artistic disruption and the strategic power of ignorance and surprise (Gross 2010). Gross suggests that given our inevitable ignorance in the face of complex systemic disruptions and unintended consequences of innovation it is critical that we generate as much surprise as early as possible. Simulation, play, broad-base dialogue and collaborative learning are essential for this. Introna (2007)adds an ethical dimension with his call for disclosive ethics and a focus on reversibility – it is important to not allow innovations to settle too fast. Recent efforts to define a digital ethics by the European Data Protection Supervisors’ Office address this need to give ethical issues a broader than regulatory exposure, including public consultation (EDPS 2015; 2018)
What is the role of the social scientist in this? Braidotti's (2011)demand to move beyond critique and into constructive endeavours or affirmative critique, require the courage to ‘stick one’s neck out’ and make value-based normative recommendations for how things should be organized in better ways. Failure and being wrong are obvious dangers. But there might be ways of doing it playfully and in safe spaces, experimentally, creatively, and collectively, which resonates strongly calls for an experimental sociology (Thrift 2011), inventive and speculative methods (Lury and Wakeford 2013; Michael 2016). It also sits well with suggestions that it is not necessarily deliberation or consensus that should be sought. Instead participatory designers and action researchers are calling on us to engage in infrastructuring for participation, seeking to include and enable dissent, debate, ongoing experimentation (Ehn 2008; Dantec and DiSalvo 2013)
Levitas’ utopia as method (2013)provides perhaps the most integrative framework for these endeavours. This is a creative appropriation of utopia not as a blueprint of a ‘better’ world designed by experts, but a method to engage diverse stakeholders in making better pockets of the world together, all the while remaining open to experiencing how and for whom this worldly constellation is (not) better and how. Collective narrative methods and visual story-building methods are particularly suited (Porritt 2013; McKay and Dickson 2016; Popan 2018)
None of these contributions have so far made it into definitions of SRL. The Danish Innovation Fund’s focus on validation, testing, deployment supports experimentation, but it is driven by a concern with social acceptance (and not the acceptability) of innovation, based on a deficit model of poor public understanding of science and technology. To ask, with Tsing(2015), and through research and innovation, ‘what if the time was ripe for sensing precarity?’ and ‘what constitutes living with it well?’, SRL need to be co-created, they need to measure how innovations enable a good ‘new normal’, and this needs to be open to contestation.
References
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Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2015. The Mushroom at the End of the World. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10581.html.
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