#Diphtheria Pipeline

[stevenwilliam12]

Global Diphtheria Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Future Outlook – 2032

Overview

Diphtheria, caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, remains a critical public health concern despite the availability of vaccines. While the global burden has significantly reduced, outbreaks still occur, especially in low-resource settings. The diphtheria market spans preventive vaccines, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions, with a projected rise in demand driven by enhanced healthcare infrastructure, public awareness, and immunization efforts. This report offers insights into the market trends, epidemiological patterns, and future outlook through 2032.

Market Insights

The diphtheria market is characterized by:

The dominance of DPT Vaccines: Diphtheria vaccines are often delivered as part of combined DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) immunization programs, which dominate the preventive segment.

Government and NGO Initiatives: Global health organizations, such as WHO, UNICEF, and GAVI, are actively involved in expanding immunization coverage to eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases.

Growing Investment in Diagnostics: Faster detection of diphtheria cases through point-of-care tests and lab-based diagnostics is gaining momentum.

Regional Disparities: While developed countries maintain low infection rates, emerging economies in Africa, Southeast Asia, and South Asia face challenges in vaccine distribution, leading to periodic outbreaks.

Epidemiology Trends

Diphtheria remains under control in high-income countries due to comprehensive immunization programs. However, sporadic outbreaks in under-vaccinated regions persist. The disease is endemic in parts of South Asia and Africa, where conflict, poverty, and weak healthcare systems hinder vaccine distribution. Occasional cases in Europe and North America reflect the risks posed by incomplete vaccination or migration from affected areas.

Future Outlook – 2032

The global diphtheria market is expected to grow steadily over the next decade, driven by:

Expanded Immunization Programs: Governments will focus on closing vaccination gaps through campaigns targeting high-risk populations.

Development of Next-Generation Vaccines: Combined vaccines with broader immunization coverage will drive innovation and improve compliance.

Advancements in Diagnostics and Surveillance: The need for rapid outbreak detection will boost investments in diagnostic technologies and digital disease monitoring tools.

Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between governments, pharmaceutical companies, and NGOs will ensure sustainable vaccine supply chains.

Conclusion

While diphtheria is largely preventable, maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential to avoid future outbreaks. The market outlook through 2032 reflects steady growth, propelled by advancements in vaccine technology, enhanced diagnostics, and focused immunization efforts in vulnerable regions. Strengthening healthcare systems and addressing vaccine hesitancy will be crucial for achieving sustained control over diphtheria worldwide.

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[coline-ge-blog]

If there is inflammation, orange peel and dandelion, Which treatment is better?

Orange peel

Orange peel is one of the most common fruits in our life. We often throw this treasure away as waste.

In fact, it has a strong medical effect on our respiratory system and digestive system.

Nutritional value of orange peel

1. Orange peel contains a lot of vitamin A, which can promote the secretion of normal mucus in the intestine and stomach, and has a strong health care effect on the spleen and stomach.

2. The orange peel can inhibit the movement of stomach, intestine and uterus. So it has a small contraceptive effect.

3. Orange peel contains 0.93-1.95% volatile oil of orange peel, which is natural and complex. It is very effective for chronic tracheitis and pharyngitis, and has no stimulating effect on kidney.

4. Orange peel contains a large number of acid substances, which can contract the urinary system and reduce the urine volume. Therefore, if orange peel is used as a diet treatment, it is necessary to drink proper amount of water to avoid aggravating the burden of kidney.

5.Orange peel is especially suitable for people who are easily angry or have smoke inflammation or tracheitis. It is a natural "antidepressant" expert. Eating steamed orange peel can greatly improve its efficacy.

Dandelion

Dandelion is a kind of herbaceous plant which can be seen everywhere. It has certain ornamental value. After the flower withers, the seed floats with the wind and grows everywhere. What we think is just a dreamlike plant, which is actually a precious medicinal material in our life. It has good curative effect on many kinds of diseases.

Nutritional value of dandelion

1. Dandelion can be used as medicine. The main active ingredients of dandelion are flavonoids, organic acids and sterols. Dandelion is rich in flavonoids and has significant antioxidant effect. Therefore, it is very beneficial to human youth. Because the aging of our organs is often caused by the reduction of antioxidant capacity.

2. Through preliminary identification, the organic acid of dandelion is chlorogenic acid, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Chlorogenic acid can kill Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus and pneumococcus, meningococcus, diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus, typhoid, dysentery and so on. So when we have a bacterial cold emergency, dandelion can quickly reduce inflammation.

3. Dandelion can also protect liver and gall. Dandelion can be used as adjuvant therapy for hepatitis, abnormal liver index or cholecystitis.

4. Dandelion has a good inhibitory effect on various kinds of breast inflammation.

Similarities and differences between orange peel and dandelion:

Same point: they are all traditional Chinese medicine, plant ingredients. All of them have good pharmacological activities on respiratory tract inflammation and gastrointestinal inflammation. But when our throat is hoarse or chest is stuffy, which one should we choose as the main treatment?

Differences: first of all, we summarize the anti-inflammatory mechanism of orange peel: it is mainly treated by volatile oil of complex components, which in a sense belongs to homeopathy of essential oil. Therefore, it is more closely related to the delivery channels in the respiratory system and gastrointestinal system, and can quickly enter the body through the epithelial cells in these channels for treatment of lesions. At the same time, homeopathy will be particularly effective, because its volatile oil components can quickly identify pathogens in the delivery pipeline, thus killing the diseased cells and tissues. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is mainly involved in the secretion of epithelial mucosa (such as intestines, lungs, trachea, stomach) to achieve the purpose of cure. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for those chronic inflammation in the pipeline.

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of dandelion: the natural anti-inflammatory component of dandelion is not sensitive to the epidermal cells of the stomach and intestines. It mainly enters the internal organs, nervous system and glands for sterilization, so as to improve the immunity of human body. And viscera, nervous system, glands often appear some diseases, most of which are called "fever" in traditional Chinese medicine. The energy should be emitted from that part, but the load on that part is too heavy, resulting in excessive accumulation of energy, which will overheat and cause blockage at the same time. Dandelion is mainly to solve the heat caused by the blockage of the accumulation of toxins. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for some bacterial inflammation caused by excessive exercise, insufficient rest and artificial tightening of glands.

Now that we understand their general pharmacological mechanism, we can choose. In short, orange peel is used to treat the mucus secretion disorder of the stomach, lungs and intestines caused by stagnation of the circulation of vital energy, while dandelion is used to treat the acute inflammation of the liver, pancreas, breast and other glands of the respiratory tract caused by overwork. Orange peel is used to treat deficiency of vital energy, stagnation of vital energy and toxin of vital energy; dandelion is used to treat blood deficiency, blood stagnation and blood toxin.

But if you don't have long-term chronic diseases in your liver and your body's glands, I recommend orange peel as a diet treatment. Because for adults, a lot of diseases look like acute inflammation. But in fact, most of them are only acute attack, they are still caused by some previous chronic diseases. Chronic diseases mainly need to eliminate the problem of stagnation of vital energy.

[rootsanalysis]

The novel vaccine delivery devices market is estimated to be worth USD 1.5 billion in 2030

Owning to a variety of relevant reasons, which include trypanophobia and dependence on the cold chain, there is an evident demand for innovative and user-friendly vaccine delivery systems that are also safe and efficient

 Roots Analysis is pleased to announce the publication of its recent study, titled, “Novel Vaccine Delivery Devices Market, 2019-2030”.

 The report features an extensive study of the current landscape and the likely future opportunities associated with novel vaccine delivery devices, over the next 10-12 years. Amongst other elements, the report includes:

§  A detailed assessment of the overall novel vaccine delivery devices market landscape, featuring an elaborate list of device developers engaged in the development of novel vaccine delivery devices.

§  A detailed competitiveness analysis of novel vaccine delivery devices, taking into consideration the supplier power and key product specifications.

§  An analysis evaluating the effectiveness of various vaccines delivery devices in order to compare their respective strengths and capabilities based on a variety of parameters.

§  A detailed list of marketed and pipeline vaccine candidates that are anticipated to be developed in combination with novel vaccine delivery devices in the near future.

§  Elaborate profiles of prominent product developers engaged in the novel vaccine delivery devices domain (shortlisted on the basis of the number of pipeline products).

§  An analysis of the partnerships that have been established in this domain, in the recent past.

§  A discussion on important, industry-specific trends, key market drivers and challenges, under a comprehensive SWOT framework.

§  A detailed assessment of the overall novel vaccine delivery devices market landscape, featuring an elaborate list of device developers and analysis based on a number of relevant parameters

§  A detailed market forecast, featuring analysis of the current and projected future opportunity across key market segments (listed below)

Global     Novel Vaccine Delivery Devices (By Value)  

§  Type of Device

§  Electroporation-based Needle Free Injection Systems

§  Oral Delivery Systems

§  Nasal Delivery Systems

§  Jet Injectors

§  Microneedle Patches

§  Microinjectors

 §  Route of Administration

§  Oral

§  Intramuscular

§  Intranasal

§  Intradermal

§  Subcutaneous

 §  Type of Vaccines

§  Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine

§  BCG Vaccine

§  DTP-HepB-Hib Vaccine

§  Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

§  Influenza Vaccine

§  Measles Vaccine

§  Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine

§  Others

 §  Key Geographical Region

 North      America

 Europe

 Asia      Pacific

 Rest      of the World

 Key companies covered in the report

§  3M

§  Becton Dickinson

§  Consort Medical

§  D’Antonio Consultants International

§  Enesi Pharma

§  Ichor Medical

§  Iconovo

§  Inovio Pharmaceuticals

§  PharmaJet

§  Union Medico

 For additional details, please visit

https://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/view_document/vaccine-delivery-devices/280.html or email sales@rootsanalysis.com

 You may also be interested in the following titles:

1.      Microneedles and Needle-Free Injection Systems / Jet Injectors (Devices based on Spring, Gas and Other Mechanisms) Market, 2019-2030

2.      Subcutaneous Biologics, Technologies and Drug Delivery Systems (2nd Edition), 2018-2030

3.      Large Volume Wearable Injectors Market (4th Edition), 2018-2030

4.      Global Autoinjectors Market (2nd Edition), 2018-2030

 About Roots Analysis

Roots Analysis is one of the fastest growing market research companies, sharing fresh and independent perspectives in the bio-pharmaceutical industry. The in-depth research, analysis and insights are driven by an experienced leadership team which has gained many years of significant experience in this sector. If you’d like help with your growing business needs, get in touch at info@rootsanalysis.com

 Contact Information

Roots Analysis Private Limited

Ben Johnson

+1 (415) 800 3415

ben.johnson@rootsanalysis.com

[healthcare-market]

Vaccine Market Opportunity Assessment and Forecast up to 2025

The evolution of the vaccines market has increasingly pivoted on enormous advances in science of adjuvants over the past several decades. The strides in human vaccine development especially have been fuelled by ceaseless advances in virology, molecular biology, and immunology.

New immunization routes have been discovered and massive inoculation drives have been supported by governments around the world. With robust support from public health systems in several countries, continued immunization programs have been stridently useful in disease prevention.

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The robust long-lasting immunity built on by vaccines has been the major underpinning for their role in preventing a range of diseases. These include diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, rubella, smallpox, sepsis, pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, hepatitis B, varicella-zoster, cholera, and tuberculosis. This has made investments in the vaccine market worthwhile in improving the health and wellbeing of humanity. Some of the most lethal conditions for which vaccines have been effective in reducing the burden are malaria, HIV-1, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

The report by TMR see the vaccine market to see substantial revenue potential during the forecast period of 2017 – 2025. The study projects the valuation to climb to 48.0 Bn by 2025.

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Role of Vaccines in Preventing Numerous Childhood Diseases Makes Prospects in Vaccine Market Bright

Recommendations for immunization programs cover both adults and children. Stridently, national healthcare systems in various countries have specific vaccination recommendations in place for newborns and children. Key vaccines administered to polio, meningococcal disease, DTP, and pneumococcal disease. The implementation of recommendations by the medical and the healthcare industries has been on account of the established role of vaccines in preventing multiple viral and bacterial infections. The trend is expected to underpin lucrative gains to players in the global vaccine market.

Recommendations for adult vaccination have also picked up pace, fueling the value chain of players in the vaccine market. Of note, adults who weren’t able to receive certain vaccinations in childhood have become eligible candidates, notably bolstering the demand for vaccines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella.

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R&D for New Mechanisms of Action to Boost Outcomes Expands Vaccine Market Avenue

Advances made in adjuvant system have been a prominent pillar for new array of products in the vaccine market. The number of licensed adjuvants for human vaccine development has risen over the past few years. Global heavyweights in the vaccine market are keenly testing new line of adjuvant systems in clinical trials to tap into the market possibilities, notes a study on the vaccine market. Particularly for the currently emerging Covid-19, a number of adjuvant systems in various phases of clinical trials have been tested for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and are in different clinical stages including in Phase 3 trials. Notable examples include Advax and Matrix M. With vaccine developers across the world scrambling to launch vaccines with long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the trend will confer on them incremental opportunities throughout the forecast period. A wide range of vaccine types are under investigation, and the lucrativeness of the pipeline is evident in the emerging demand for booster doses in some countries, such as the U.S.

On the other hand, vast immunization drives in recent months notably in emerging economies has spurred the growth of the vaccine market. This has opened floodgates of opportunities for vaccine research in Asia Pacific.

In low and middle-income countries, such as in the Middle East and Africa, a number of vaccine candidates are being tested for malaria and other debilitating infections. Aside from this, vaccine developers are likely to focus on tropical diseases. On the other hand, T cell vaccines show a promising potential, opening new vistas in vaccine market.

In the coming years, the push for establishing and maintaining herd immunity is a key trend that will greatly influence the contours of the vaccine market.

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The review is based on TMR’s report titled, “Vaccines Market (Vaccine Type - Inactivated, Live Attenuated, Toxoid, Conjugate; Valance - Monovalent, Multivalent; Route of Administration - Oral, Injectable; Indication - Influenza, Hepatitis, Polio, Meningococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Disease, DTP, Rotavirus, MMR, Human Papilloma Virus; Distribution Channel - Institutional Sales, Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2017 – 2025”.

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Our reports are single-point solutions for businesses to grow, evolve, and mature. Our real-time data collection methods along with ability to track more than one million high growth niche products are aligned with your aims. The detailed and proprietary statistical models used by our analysts offer insights for making right decision in the shortest span of time. For organizations that require specific but comprehensive information we offer customized solutions through adhoc reports. These requests are delivered with the perfect combination of right sense of fact-oriented problem solving methodologies and leveraging existing data repositories.

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[market-research-future]

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Demand, Services and Future Outlook Till 2023

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Insight

Market Research Future analyses the Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Treatment Market 2020 to inflate with a CAGR of 19% in the mentioned forecast period (2017–2023). The global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Treatment Market’s net profit raised in the second quarter as the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic that lessens the complicated efforts to a certain extent to refocus on shares while dealing with rising tensions of the deadly disease. Thus, this report is a compilation of new market trends keeping the impact of COVID 19 worldwide and in all other markets. The report also finds the market grabbed a valuation of USD 7.9 Billion in 2017 and is estimated to nurture in the forecast period.

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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Top Vendors

Prominent vendors of the global chronic lymphocytic leukemia market are

GlaxoSmithKline plc

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

Genmab A/S

CELGENE CORPORATION

Genzyme Corporation

Genentech Inc.

Novartis AG

Gilead

AstraZeneca

Johnson & Johnson Services Inc.

TG Therapeutics Inc.

Ziopharm Oncology Inc.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Boomers & Drivers

The increasing incidence of cancer globally, fast regulatory approval process, innovative drug therapy, and aggressive pipeline for chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment drugs motivate the development of the global chronic lymphocytic leukemia market. In an article published by Apollo Hospitals, an anticipated one million cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are diagnosed in India each year. Cancer statistics states that, in England, one in every 155 men and one in every 260 women have chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The surge in the aging population is an impetus for the growth of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia market. The escalating incidences of cancers in developed and developing countries such as India and Brazil are expected to improve the market growth. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease that affects a minute percentage of the population. As a small or medium number of patients create a miniature market for these drugs, it may or may not be advantageous for companies to develop drugs as recovering the research and developments of the drug expenses would be difficult due to this reason, why collaboration agreements and co-development are the critical strategies being adopted by top market players to maintain growth trajectory of the market.

In the case of point, in recent times, GlaxoSmithKline plc and Genmab A/S entered into a co-development and collaboration agreement for drug Arzerra (ofatumumab), used in the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The other essential drivers for the chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment market are a family history of blood disorders and extreme exposure to harmful chemicals.

Furthermore, the trend that is expected to inspire chronic lymphocytic leukemia market growth is a mount in developing a combination of drug therapies. On the contrary, strict regulatory guidelines might hamper the market growth in the forecasted period. On behalf of this, the overall high treatment cost for the therapy is another factor inhibiting the market growth. For instance, Genentech Inc (U.S.) launched GA101/RG7159 in the market back in 2014. The drug costs approximately $409,580 for patients who take them annually.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Segment Review

The chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment market size is studied among the segments of type, treatment, and end-user.

The market, by the segment of type, has included indolent CLL and aggressive CLL.

The market, by the segment of treatment, has included targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplant.

The market, by the segment of end-user, has included diagnostic laboratories, hospitals & clinics, research institutes, and others.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment Market Regional Aspect

Geographically, North America leads the global market. World Health Organization claims that cancer is the leading cause of death in all countries. As per the National Cancer Institute, it is predictable that in the year 2018, the U.S. surfaced about 1,735,350 new cases of cancer diagnosed, and an approximate number of 609,640 number of patients died.

The Asia Pacific grabs a considerable potential for growth for the market. Investment in research and development for novel drugs and in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in India, China, and Japan are the leading factors driving the growth of the market in the Asia Pacific.

A considerable rise in disposable income in the countries of Latin America, such as Mexico and Brazil, is probable to boost chronic lymphocytic leukemia market growth in the region. Emerging health care infrastructure in the Middle East countries is projected to hasten chronic lymphocytic leukemia market growth in the region. Furthermore, rising government investment in health care and mounting incidence of prime vendors in Africa are anticipated to enhance Middle East & Africa markets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Table Of Contents:

Chapter 1. Report Prologue

Chapter 2. Market Introduction

2.1 Definition

2.2 Scope Of The Study

2.2.1 Research Objective

2.2.2 Assumptions

2.2.3 Limitations

Chapter 3. Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Primary Research

3.3 Secondary Research

3.4 Market Size Estimation

Chapter 4. Market Dynamics

4.1 Drivers

4.2 Restraints

4.3 Opportunities

4.4 Challenges

4.5 Macroeconomic Indicators

4.6 Equipment Trends & Assessment

Chapter 5. Market Factor Analysis

…TOC Continued

LIST OF TABLES:

Table 1 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market Synopsis, 2018–2023

Table 2 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market Estimates And Forecast, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 3 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market, By Region, 2018–2023(USD Million)

Table 4 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market, By Type, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 5 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market, By Treatment, 2018–2023 (USD Million)

Table 6 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market, By End User, 2 018–2023 (USD Million)

….Continued

LIST OF Figure

Figure 1 Research Process

Figure 2 Market Structure For Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market

Figure 3 Market Dynamics For Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market

Figure 4 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market Share, By Type, 2017

Figure 5 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market Share, By Treatment, 2017

Figure 6 Global Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (CLL) Market Share, By End User, 2017

….Continued

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Browse More Related Reports at:

Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) Vaccine Market Size, Share and Forecast to 2027

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Market Size, Share & Trends – Forecast to 2022 

Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostic Market by Type, Diagnostic test and Forecast to 2022

About Market Research Future:

At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research & Consulting Services.

[libertariantaoist]

A Las Vegas woman has been exonerated after serving 16 years for a murder she did not commit.

Kansas SWAT kills a man after they were sent to fake crime as a prank. 

A Kansas police officer who murdered a fleeing man will not face charges for his crime.

Mike Maharrey explains how state and local activism can help bring justice to those who tortured people.

Facebook will delete the account of people sanctioned by the US.

Rex Tillerson writes a new foreign policy op-ed.

Gareth Porter explains how the Bush Administration created the problem the US now faces with North Korea.

Russia bars Putin critic Alexi Navalny from running for president.

The Islamic State claims responsibility for a terror attack in Russia.

Putin tells Assad he will continue to defend Syrian sovereignty.

Health care workers in Rohingya refugee camps lack the medical supplies to combat an outbreak of diphtheria.

The State Department releases a statement supporting anti-government protests in Iran. The Iranian government says four protesters have been killed. Jason Ditz puts the death toll at 13, including one police officer killed. Protesters have targeted some police stations and military bases. Moon of Alabama reacts.

A jihadist group blew up an oil pipeline in Iran.

The Iran deal will face several political challenges in January.

Police in Tehran will no longer enforce the 1979 dress code on women. 

The US claims to kill a Taliban leader inside of Pakistan with a drone strike.

Trump threatens to cut aid to Pakistan.

18 people were killed in a bombing at a funeral in Afghanistan.

Patrick Cockburn makes the case that 2018 will bring an end to wars in Iraq and Syria.

On Tuesday, Saudi Arabia killed at least 68 Yemeni civilians in airstrikes. Saudi Arabia killed 20 by bombing a restaurant in Yemen.

The number of US airstrikes against al-Qaeda and ISIS in Yemen tripled in 2017.

The UN is “deeply disturbed” by recent Saudi airstrikes in Yemen.

[Read More] (https://www.libertarianinstitute.org/blog/news-roundup-1-2-18/)

[pharmaphorumuk]

Menarini bags blood cancer drug with $677M Stemline acquisition

Italian drugmaker Menarini has agreed to buy Stemline Therapeutics, bolting on an already-approved drug for a rare form of haematological cancer and establishing a beachhead in the US.

Privately-held Menarini is paying up to $677 million for Stemline and Elzonris (tagraxofusp-erzs), the biotech’s treatment for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), which was approved in the US towards the end of 2018.

Elzonris is the first drug to be specifically approved by the US regulator for BPDCN, an aggressive and rare disease of the bone marrow and blood that can affect multiple organs, including the lymph nodes and the skin, and can develop into a form of leukaemia.

Menarini is paying $12.50 per share for Stemline, a sizeable premium on the company’s share price of $4.75 before news of the deal emerged. A dollar of that total is in the form of a contingent value right (CVR) tied to the first sale of Elzonris in one of the top five EU markets.

The deal is the first major acquisition under Menarini’s group chief executive Elçin Barker Ergun, who took the helm of the family-owned drugmaker last year, moving from a role as head of new business at the healthcare division of Merck KGaA. It also shows that M&A can still continue despite the coronavirus pandemic.

Elzonris is a fusion protein consisting of interleukin-3 fused to diphtheria toxin that targets CD123, and in clinical trials achieved a complete response rate of 54% in adults and children aged over two with BPDCN. It is the first anti-CD123 drug to be approved anywhere in the world.

The drug has also been submitted for approval in the EU, with a decision from the EMA expected in the latter half of this year.

Menarini said it will use its presence outside the US to expand sales of Elzonris, which made just over $43 million in sales from the US market alone last year, with around $12 million of that coming from the fourth quarter.

That’s hardly breakneck sales growth, but BPDCN is a tiny market and Stemline has said diagnosis rates have been “choppy”.

The biotech has ambitions however to expand the use of the drug to other diseases that involve CD123, which include chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) – much larger opportunities.

One factor that may be holding back growth is a black box warning on Elzonris’ label in the US that it can cause capillary leak syndrome, which can sometimes be life-threatening.

The Stemline deal isn’t only about Elzonris, as the biotech also has an XPO1 inhibitor called SL-801 in phase I trials for advanced solid tumours and a RET inhibitor – SL-1001 – that is due to start clinical trials next year but is several years behind rival drugs from Eli Lilly and Blueprint Medicines.

The biotech ended the fourth quarter with $164 million in cash, thanks to a $76 million public offering that completed last summer.

Menarini licensed an AML candidate from Helsinn – HDAC inhibitor pracinostat – in late 2018, and also strengthened its position in antibiotics last year by acquiring rights to meropenem/vaborbactam, oritavancin and intravenous minocycline from Melinta Therapeutics in Europe.

“Stemline is an excellent fit for Menarini, enabling us to expand our presence in the US with an established biopharmaceutical company focused on developing oncology therapeutics,” said Barker Ergun.

“Through this acquisition, we will continue to strengthen our portfolio and pipeline of oncology assets and deliver novel therapies around the world,” she added.

The post Menarini bags blood cancer drug with $677M Stemline acquisition appeared first on .

from https://pharmaphorum.com/news/menarini-bags-blood-cancer-drug-with-677m-stemline-acquisition/

[2whatcom-blog]

How the World’s First Dengue Vaccination Drive Led to Catastrophe

In December 2015 then president Benigno Aquino III of the Philippines and others negotiated a cope with pharmaceutical firm Sanofi to buy three million doses of Dengvaxia, the primary vaccine ever licensed for dengue. The plan was to present one million schoolchildren, 9 years of age, three doses of the vaccine every, sparing them from the worst outcomes of dengue: shock, organ failure and dying. The virus is available in 4 varieties. All are unfold by feminine Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti, with a penchant for sucking blood throughout the day, when people are unprotected by mattress nets. Up to now 5 many years these viruses, that are associated to people who trigger West Nile fever, yellow fever and Zika, have unfold in waves throughout the tropical and subtropical world, rising dengue incidence 30-fold and affecting upward of 390 million individuals every year. Not everybody contaminated with a dengue virus will get sick: three out of 4 who get bitten may have no signs. The remainder might undergo one in every of three units of signs: a fever that mimics many different viral sicknesses; "dengue fever," which is accompanied by headache, ache behind the eyes, aching joints and bones, and, in uncommon circumstances, inner bleeding; and extreme illness encompassing dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. In extreme circumstances, plasma seeps out of capillaries, liquid swimming pools round organs, large inner bleeding ensues, and the mind, kidneys and liver start to fail. Though swift hospitalization and cautious case administration can and do save lives, greater than 20,000 individuals die of dengue yearly. Many are kids. Dengue is frightening sufficient that well being practitioners in growing nations have been eagerly awaiting a vaccine for many years. But when internist Antonio Dans and pediatrician Leonila Dans, each scientific epidemiologists on the College of the Philippines Manila School of Medication, examine Aquino's vaccination marketing campaign within the Philippine Star, the very first thing that struck them was the worth tag. At three billion pisos ($57.5 million) for procurement alone, the Dengvaxia marketing campaign would value greater than all the nationwide vaccination program for 2015, which coated pneumonia, tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella. It could attain lower than 1 % of the nation's roughly 105 million residents. And though dengue was reported to kill a mean of 750 individuals yearly within the Philippines, it was not even among the many high 10 causes of mortality. Amongst infectious ailments, pneumonia and tuberculosis took a far heavier toll. Perusing an interim report from researchers at Sanofi Pasteur--the vaccine division of Sanofi--on Dengvaxia's scientific trials, Dans and Dans discovered additional trigger for concern. Amongst Asian kids two to 5 years previous, those that had obtained the vaccine had been seven instances extra probably than unvaccinated kids to have been hospitalized for severe dengue within the third yr after vaccination. Shut examination of the info revealed that though the vaccine was on common safer for older kids, it was statistically inconceivable to rule out the likelihood that for some youngsters, Dengvaxia made issues worse. In March 2016 Dans and Dans and different medical professionals wrote to then secretary of well being Janette Garin, warning that the vaccine might be dangerous for some kids and that the Philippines might not possess sufficient skilled well being care employees to watch so lots of them for doable opposed results. A doubtlessly safer vaccine was within the pipeline and doubtless price ready for, they reasoned. The identical month, nonetheless, the extremely revered advisory group on vaccines on the World Well being Group--which supplies steerage to nations on immunization policy--stated in a briefing paper on Dengvaxia that the hospitalizations of younger vaccinated kids, when noticed over a number of years, weren't statistically vital. "No other safety signals have been identified in any age group" older than 5, it said. A "theoretical possibility" existed that the vaccine might be dangerous for some kids, and additional analysis was crucial lest the difficulty "compromise public confidence" within the vaccine. It nonetheless "should be introduced as part of a routine immunization program in appropriate settings." These included areas the place 70 % or extra of a inhabitants had already had dengue, the place immunization of early adolescents may scale back hospitalizations by as much as 30 % over a interval of 30 years. A subsequent place paper from the identical group said that the vaccine was protected for kids age 9 and older, for whom it was advisable. On reflection, it didn't shock Dans and Dans that the authorities selected to disregard their considerations. "It was either believe us or believe the WHO," says Antonio Dans. "If I were them, I'd believe the WHO. I mean, who were we? We were just teachers in a small medical school." Filipino authorities had been apparently so assured about Dengvaxia's security that they didn't oblige Sanofi Pasteur to submit outcomes from so-called pharmacovigilance trials that will often check the protection of a brand new drug or vaccine in native circumstances. The induction of a brand new pharmaceutical product into the nationwide program usually took three to 5 years, says Anthony Leachon, a former president of the Philippine School of Physicians, however the dengue vaccination program started instantly, in April 2016. Days later got here the primary report of a postvaccination fatality, of a boy with congenital coronary heart illness. Garin defined in a press briefing that the boy's dying was unrelated to Dengvaxia. Dans and Dans persevered for months, nonetheless, chatting with the press and posting a short video on Fb that warned--on the idea of a decades-old, extremely contested principle referred to as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)--that if a toddler had by no means had dengue earlier than, the vaccine may really make a dengue an infection deadlier than it usually would have been. Garin responded together with her personal warning: medical practitioners who engaged in "misinformation" on Dengvaxia could be answerable for each dying from dengue that would have been prevented by the vaccine. There the matter rested till November 2017, when Sanofi Pasteur issued its personal advisory: those that had by no means skilled a dengue an infection mustn't get Dengvaxia. A month later the WHO issued recent tips, recommending the vaccine just for these with a "documented past dengue infection." The Philippines halted the vaccination program that December at the same time as dad and mom and the press responded with fury, recriminations and additional reviews of youngsters's deaths. Greater than 830,000 schoolchildren had been vaccinated. In accordance with the Division of Well being (DOH), as of September 2018, 154 of the vaccinated kids had died of assorted sicknesses. The overwhelming majority of those fatalities had been unrelated to the vaccine, however scientific observations or blood checks confirmed that 19 of them had been brought on by dengue. Sanofi Pasteur contends that the deaths within the Philippines may have arisen from a failure of the vaccine to guard a small fraction of these vaccinated. In distinction, some specialists argue, as Dans and Dans did, that Dengvaxia mimics a previous encounter with dengue--which can prime a affected person's physique to reply in a harmful technique to a second dengue an infection. The controversy has not slowed down the rollout of Dengvaxia, which is at the moment licensed in additional than 20 nations. In October 2018 the U.S. Meals and Drug Administration introduced that it might prioritize evaluation of Sanofi Pasteur's software to approve Dengvaxia. Meaning it might be accepted within the U.S., to be used in dengue-endemic areas similar to Puerto Rico, earlier than the Philippines completes its investigation into the deaths of vaccinated children--and earlier than Sanofi Pasteur publishes its remaining report from the six-year-long scientific trials. Credit score: Tami Tolpa A baffling illness For many viruses, similar to measles, the second bout, if it happens in any respect, is way milder than the primary. For dengue, a second bout is much extra prone to kill. Scientists and medical doctors have struggled for years to grasp why that is so. Within the 1950s and 1960s, when epidemics of extreme dengue started to rise in Asia, they puzzled in the event that they had been coping with an altogether new an infection. The dengue they had been conversant in saved sufferers bedridden and fatigued, however this new manifestation despatched them to the hospital or the morgue. Had the virus mutated? Or was the immune system accountable? A younger scientist recent out of medical faculty was in search of a solution. Scott B. Halstead started to check mosquito-borne viruses in 1957, whereas working for the U.S. Military in Japan. He confronted his first main dengue outbreak 4 years later, when stationed at a navy laboratory subsequent door to the Bangkok Youngsters's Hospital. Docs thought the kids who had been carried into the hospital had been poisoned; virtually 1 / 4 of them died. Halstead led the crew that recognized dengue as the reason for the outbreak. He went on to make a second, extra baffling, discovery. Youngsters who had been contaminated with dengue for a second time--each time with a unique dengue virus--and infants born to moms who had been proof against dengue had been most in danger for extreme dengue and dying. Nobody may clarify why. In 1964 R. A. Hawkes, then a researcher at Australian Nationwide College in Canberra, discovered that cell cultures contaminated with Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis or Getah viruses contaminated extra cells when the virus was blended with antibodies in contrast with the virus alone. Hawkes proposed that the antibodies had been stabilizing the virus and rising their potential to connect to cells. Independently, Halstead was questioning if a lot the identical was taking place with dengue. To grasp why two totally different dengue infections had been wanted to make the second deadly, Halstead contaminated 118 monkeys with totally different combos of the 4 dengue viruses and measured the quantity of virus of their blood. In 1973 he revealed his outcomes: some monkeys, which had been contaminated a second time and with a unique dengue virus, had a lot larger viral hundreds. 4 years later he offered a doable clarification, calling it antibody-dependent enhancement. Say your first an infection is with the dengue virus referred to as DENV-1. Antibodies towards that virus can linger in your blood for many years, even your whole life. When you're contaminated a second time with a unique dengue virus, say DENV-2, Three or 4, the antibodies towards DENV-1 may paradoxically speed up the replication of the brand new virus inside contaminated cells, precipitating a doubtlessly deadly dengue an infection. Since refined by Halstead and different researchers, the ADE mechanism goes as follows: A dengue virus is a string of ribonucleic acid enclosed in a protein capsule, which options an array of attribute protuberances on its floor. Throughout a primary an infection with dengue, the immune system's B cells make an antibody referred to as immunoglobulin G, or IgG, which latches onto a number of of those irregularities. On attachment, the antibodies can ship the virus to immune system cells similar to macrophages. The phrase "phage" derives from the Greek phrase which means "to eat": macrophages are actually "big eaters." They engulf the virus and digest it with enzymes. Thus, as soon as it's certain to antibodies, the dengue virus is generally trapped and destroyed inside macrophages. When an an infection is over, some antibody-making B cells turn out to be dormant. Within the occasion of a second an infection with a unique dengue virus, these cells get up to churn out the very same antibodies as earlier than. Halstead postulated that a few of these antibodies can nonetheless persist with the floor of the unfamiliar virus however usually fail to dam its most deadly protrusions--its weapons, so to talk. The antibodies nonetheless ship the intruder to macrophages however with out having disarmed it. That permits the virus to immobilize the macrophage's personal protection system and take over the cell, whose sources it then makes use of to churn out extra copies of itself. The antibody's unwitting help helps the brand new dengue selection produce 1,000 instances extra copies of itself than if it had been appearing alone. Halstead's reward for arising with the ADE speculation was a mixture of indifference or disbelief from his friends, he remembers. Right now, at 89 years previous, he's an adjunct professor on the Uniformed Providers College of the Well being Sciences in Bethesda, Md., the place he continues to argue his case. Many dengue specialists describe him because the Godfather of ADE. "Back then, I was thinking I've made a discovery that's very important," he says. "Except nobody wanted to believe ADE was real." Greater than 4 many years later Eva Harris, a dengue skilled on the College of California, Berkeley, discovered robust proof that ADE was not solely actual however that it contributed to extreme dengue illness in kids. Harris had not got down to show or disprove ADE: she was initially skeptical of the phenomenon and never all that eager on participating within the decades-long debate. As a substitute her crew, together with statistical modeler Leah Katzelnick, was finding out the methods during which dengue sickens kids. That purpose then led the researchers to assist set up a lab in Nicaragua and to start one of many more difficult kinds of scientific tasks: a long-term pediatric cohort examine. Harris and her associates in Managua, Nicaragua's capital metropolis, had the not really easy activity of following 1000's of youngsters. For greater than 15 years the scientists engaged on the Nicaraguan Pediatric Dengue Cohort Examine cared for the kids in the event that they received sick and went to their houses to gather information and blood samples. Out of 6,684 topics, the researchers discovered 618 who had been sick with dengue and almost 4 dozen who developed extreme illness. Scouring greater than 41,000 blood samples, taken over greater than a dozen years, they made a placing discovery. Youngsters with a selected focus of antibodies--not low sufficient to be ineffective, not excessive sufficient to supply safety, however a focus of antibodies in a middling range--were at an almost eight instances larger danger of buying dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Credit score: Amanda Montanez; Supply: "Effect of Dengue Serostatus on Dengue Vaccine Safety and Efficacy," by Saranya Sridhar et al., in New England Journal of Medication, Vol. 379, No. 4; July 26, 2018 ADE handily explains this discovering. If the antibodies should not there to start with or are current at very low densities, they can't improve a subsequent dengue an infection to trigger severe illness. If antibodies are current at excessive densities (as occurs shortly after an preliminary an infection), they in some way handle to cowl any new dengue virus sufficiently to disable it, enabling macrophages to kill it. If, nonetheless, the antibody concentrations are in what Harris describes as a "danger zone"--not low and never high--they might facilitate the virus's entry into the macrophages with out disarming it, thereby accelerating virus manufacturing. Harris's Science paper describing these outcomes was, within the phrases of Jean Lim, a virologist on the Icahn Faculty of Medication at Mount Sinai, a "rock star study" that swayed a number of the staunchest naysayers of ADE. Her sudden findings can also have hit on the answer to the dengue vaccine thriller. A purple flag Coincidentally, days after Harris's paper was revealed in November 2017, Sanofi Pasteur made the announcement that enraged Filipino dad and mom: don't get Dengvaxia you probably have not had dengue. A month later the WHO adopted swimsuit, stating that solely people who had been proved to have already got had dengue ought to be given the vaccine. That was precisely what Halstead had been saying since March 2016, when he revealed an evaluation in Vaccine arguing that Dengvaxia may trigger hurt. Maybe in individuals who had by no means had dengue, the vaccine was appearing like a primary dengue an infection, priming the physique with simply the fitting amount of Trojan-horse antibodies to assist an actual an infection flip extreme. Younger kids had been much less prone to have already encountered dengue, and for them, the vaccine was extra prone to act as a primary an infection. They had been additionally extra probably than adults to develop extreme dengue after a second an infection (as Halstead and others noticed when a second dengue virus invaded Cuba in 1981). The issue was, there was no easy technique to inform which kids had been dengue-negative earlier than they obtained Dengvaxia--because Sanofi Pasteur had not collected these information for all of them earlier than vaccinating them. "I hate to say I told you so," Harris says. "But we saw this coming." At conferences and over lengthy convention calls, she had knowledgeable Sanofi Pasteur researchers that they weren't amassing the sort of information that would gauge the vaccine's potential to place lives in danger. As a substitute of testing all kids for prior dengue an infection earlier than they obtained Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur examined solely 10 to 20 % of them. The corporate argues that it was forging via unchartered territory utilizing the very best protocols recognized to vaccine science. "It's routine in many vaccine trials to bleed only 10 to 20 percent of participants," says Su-Peing Ng, international medical head at Sanofi Pasteur. After the disturbing hospitalization price got here to gentle, the researchers couldn't return and bleed the 1000's of youngsters within the scientific trials to examine their dengue standing previous to vaccination. It was too late--they had already been vaccinated. Sanofi Pasteur labored with scientists on the College of Pittsburgh to develop a novel assay that would check the vaccinated kids for proof of prior dengue an infection. That reassessment was the idea for the corporate's November 2017 warning that solely those that had had dengue earlier than ought to obtain Dengvaxia. The sooner suggestions had been primarily based on the preliminary findings from the scientific trials, which confirmed that Dengvaxia was safer for older kids. As the brand new checks revealed, nonetheless, age served partially as a proxy for prior dengue an infection. 9-year-olds are extra probably than toddlers to have already had a dengue an infection, particularly in locations the place dengue is endemic, so giving the vaccine to them ought to be, on common, protected. However neither age nor endemicity is a surefire means of understanding whether or not a toddler has had dengue: the one technique to know for sure is thru a blood check. "Mixed in with a group of nine-year-olds will always be some kids who have never had dengue," Halstead says. Halstead had very publicly let the WHO find out about his considerations. In a December 2016 paper within the Journal of Infectious Ailments, he said that a declare made by the WHO's principal advisory group on vaccines was flawed. The group had stated that the danger of hospitalization for teenagers aged two to 5 peaks within the third yr after vaccination after which "dissipates." Halstead argued that longer-term outcomes from Sanofi Pasteur's scientific trials refuted this assertion. Independently analyzing the scientific trial information, Dans, Dans and others argued in a paper within the Journal of Medical Epidemiology that there was "no biological basis for a threshold age of 9 years" past which Dengvaxia might be assumed to be protected. The WHO stands by its choice to suggest the vaccine for older kids who stay in nations hardest hit by dengue, nonetheless. "The review done was extremely thorough, transparent and according to our published procedures," says Joachim Hombach, senior well being adviser within the WHO's division of immunization, vaccines and biologicals. "Different options of possible recommendations were discussed, and the one published in 2016 was the consensus position of the advisory committee." Ongoing controversy In July 2018 Sanofi Pasteur revealed its reanalysis of scientific trial information utilizing the Pittsburgh check within the New England Journal of Medication. The evaluation confirmed the next danger of extreme illness and hospitalization in "seronegative" kids (those that had no proof of prior dengue an infection of their blood) who had obtained the vaccine, in contrast with those that had not. The "vaccine partially mimics primary infection and increases the risk of severe dengue during subsequent infection," the researchers wrote. Though ADE advocates had predicted this discovering, the paper stated that the "immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying these findings remain unknown." Halstead contends that Sanofi Pasteur researchers are in "denial" concerning the proof from their very own trials. Ng counters that precisely how ADE boosts an infection has but to be demonstrated in people. "ADE is more of a lab observation, an in vitro observation. We've not seen it clinically proven in humans," she says. "We don't know if the underlying mechanism is ADE or not." The general influence of Dengvaxia on public well being stays useful, Ng asserts. In kids who're age 9 and older and who already had dengue, Dengvaxia reduces the speed of extreme illness and hospitalization by round 80 %, in line with Sanofi Pasteur. (For causes that stay unclear, two bouts of dengue seem to confer lifelong immunity to the illness. Strictly talking, the vaccine is beneficial solely for many who have had one bout however not two.) Ng will not be the one one who disputes that ADE is the principle mechanism behind life-threatening dengue illness. Duane Gubler, founding chief of the dengue department on the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention and an emeritus professor within the Rising Infectious Ailments Program at Duke-NUS Medical Faculty in Singapore, argues that DENV-2 and DENV-Three have traditionally been related to outbreaks of extreme illness. As such, the kind of virus might be at the very least as vital as ADE in figuring out the course of an an infection. Alan Rothman, a professor of cell and molecular biology on the College of Rhode Island, says T cells, which recruit and activate macrophages and secrete inflammatory chemical compounds, are extra straight concerned in inflicting extreme dengue than are antibodies. Halstead, then again, regards T cells primarily as saviors. They kill dengue-infested macrophages, he says, at which period the viruses might launch a protein that damages blood vessels. Docs nonetheless can save a affected person by sustaining his or her fluid ranges, shopping for the T cells time to wash out the virus. Vaccinated kids and their dad and mom protest the Philippines' 2016-2017 dengue immunization program. Credit score: Bullit Marquez AP Photograph Towards a safer vaccine With dengue infecting round one million individuals day by day and popping up in locations it has by no means been seen earlier than, the necessity for a protected vaccine is changing into ever extra pressing. Armed with the brand new data from Sanofi Pasteur, novel dengue vaccine makers are fast to say they're doing issues in a different way. "We've designed our trial in such a way to ask the most important question--how does it perform in dengue naives?" says Rajeev Venkayya, president of the World Vaccine Enterprise Unit at Takeda Pharmaceutical Firm. Takeda is at the moment testing its dengue vaccine in kids ages 4 to 16 years in Latin America and Asia. "When we started this trial in 2016, we were well aware of the concern about this issue in naives," Venkayya says. "So we made sure to have naives in our trial and collect baseline blood samples from 100 percent of participants." In January 2019 Takeda introduced preliminary outcomes from its scientific trials: the vaccine was efficient. Totally assessing security will probably take extra time, nonetheless. At the least two different dengue vaccines are being developed, one by the Nationwide Institutes of Well being and one by GlaxoSmithKline. They're years from being licensed--if they're discovered to be protected and efficient. Gubler says that any vaccine will probably shield properly towards a few dengue viruses however not so properly towards the others. "And that being the case, there's always a risk of ADE," he continues. "So do we use those vaccines, or do we shelve them and wait another 50 years for a perfect vaccine?" Halstead is much extra optimistic. "There's a really good vaccine out there," he says--the NIH vaccine, which, he wrote in a paper, "has met virtually all of the goals needed to demonstrate preclinical efficacy and safety for humans," even when it has but to endure intensive scientific trials. The FDA's October 2018 announcement that it might expedite evaluation of Dengvaxia has added recent urgency to this debate. The burden of dengue illness within the U.S. is in territories similar to Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Samoa and Puerto Rico, the place Gubler was primarily based as chief of the CDC's dengue department. He helps using the vaccine in locations similar to Puerto Rico, the place, he says, the dengue surveillance system is much extra strong than within the Philippines. That's, medical practitioners there ought to be capable of maintain tabs on vaccinees and guarantee immediate hospitalization in the event that they develop indicators of great illness. "I'm in favor of using it in highly endemic areas without pretesting because I think with good disease surveillance and case management, the risk of ADE is minimal," Gubler says. Halstead disagrees: "This is a harmful product unless administered only to proven seropositive individuals." However proving earlier dengue an infection requires lab testing, which isn't all the time out there in lots of components of the world with dengue epidemics. Controversially, the WHO suggested in September 2018 that though prior screening for dengue an infection was preferable, when such testing was not possible, nations may nonetheless contemplate administering Dengvaxia in populations with 80 % or larger dengue endemicity for these age 9 and older. Requested to clarify the moral rationale for this suggestion, Hombach said that the WHO had rigorously weighed the professionals and cons; it had additionally famous that such a marketing campaign ought to be accompanied by "full disclosure of the risks of vaccination of persons with unknown serostatus." Successfully explaining such advanced points in ethnically numerous nations, the place many individuals might not comprehend the languages that well being officers communicate or be capable of learn data sheets may, nonetheless, be a problem. Sanofi Pasteur takes a extra cautious view. Spokesperson Karen Batoosingh says that "the vaccine should be available for people with a prior infection to prevent against subsequent infections" and that the corporate is striving to develop "a new rapid dengue test to ensure broader access to the vaccine for all those who could benefit from its protective value." Lack of belief The repercussions from the vaccination program are nonetheless reverberating throughout the Philippines. Talking earlier than a senate inquiry panel, Aquino defined that dengue incidence within the nation had been rising at an alarming price, and he had hoped that Dengvaxia may stop the virus from invading densely populated city areas. By this previous February, nonetheless, each the senate and the home of representatives had advisable that Aquino, Garin and different senior officers be charged beneath an antigraft regulation for irregularities within the procurement and administration of the vaccine. The households of almost three dozen useless kids have introduced prison circumstances towards Garin and different Filipino officers, accusing them of reckless imprudence amounting to murder and torture. (Requested to touch upon the circumstances during which the vaccination marketing campaign was rolled out, Undersecretary of Well being Enrique Domingo said that he had stepped into the place in December 2017, after the uproar started, and had no private data of what had taken place.) Amid the concern and suspicion, a number of outbreaks of measles have crept throughout the Philippines. In February, the nation reported that greater than 8,400 have turn out to be sick and greater than 130 have died. Mother and father had been too frightened to vaccinate their youngsters. In accordance with a examine by the London-based Vaccine Confidence Mission, in 2018 fewer than a 3rd of Filipinos strongly agreed that vaccines are vital, down from 93 % in 2015. In that examine, revealed in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Heidi Larson, the undertaking's director, and her co-authors argued that "biased media hype"--in specific, "false narratives aiming to vilify authorities, scientists and regulators" and "senate and congress inquiries that resembled the inquisition"--had prompted public panic and lack of belief in vaccines. Dans, Dans, Halstead and others teamed as much as reply that a number of components had contributed to the decline in public confidence, not least Sanofi's "exaggerated" claims of the protection of Dengvaxia: "The outrage was a result of the loss of trust rather than its cause." Requested by Scientific American if he was giving ammunition to antivaxxers, Halstead responded that he had co-founded the Youngsters's Vaccine Initiative within the 1990s, which later morphed into Gavi, a worldwide public-private partnership that strives to enhance vaccine entry for kids in poor nations. "I have very strong bona fides as a supporter of vaccines and vaccination," he says. Even because the scientists battle it out, the dad and mom of the vaccinated kids are struggling sleepless nights, in line with Antonio Dans. "The mothers are really distressed about, Was my child seronegative when he was vaccinated? Why weren't we told it could be harmful? They call us and say, My child has a cough, should we rush him to the hospital? He seems to me slightly febrile, should he go to school?" he relates. "And how do you monitor a cold and a fever in a million kids and find out if it's dengue or not? That's a logistical nightmare, and that's what we were warning DOH about." Just about each dying within the vaccinated group was being blamed on Dengvaxia, even when it was clearly unrelated, he adds--and a lot of this rage and turmoil may have been prevented by correct and well timed scientific recommendation from trusted authorities. "So that's the sad thing here--that the WHO added to the confusion," Dans concludes. Halstead worries that as antibody ranges within the vaccinated seronegative wane with time, to an intermediate stage the place ADE turns into extra probably, they'll turn out to be more and more predisposed to growing extreme dengue after they do expertise an precise an infection. Utilizing Sanofi Pasteur's figures from the scientific trials--that 5 out of each 1,000 seronegative vaccinated kids had been hospitalized for dengue, of whom two had extreme dengue--he calculated that greater than 4,000 kids might be hospitalized for vaccine-enhanced dengue illness within the Philippines. "I rub my eyes at what's happening," he says. "Why isn't Sanofi spending a lot of time thinking, 'Okay, now that we've sensitized so many people , how are we going to protect them?'" Requested this query, Ng responded that it was unclear whether or not the circumstances of extreme dengue within the vaccinated group arose from vaccine failure or ADE. All sufferers, no matter whether or not they had dengue earlier than or had been vaccinated or not, ought to guard towards mosquito bites, be monitored for early indicators of dengue illness, and search immediate therapy on indications of extra extreme illness. Requested when the ultimate report from the scientific trials could be revealed, Sanofi Pasteur responded that the outcomes had been displayed on a poster at a gathering of the American Society of Tropical Medication and Hygiene in late 2018. Vaccines have saved uncountable lives. Naturally occurring smallpox has been wiped off the face of the planet, and polio has virtually been vanquished; tetanus and rabies now not encourage terror. Regardless of these achievements, public concern of vaccines has been rising, inserting tens of millions of youngsters vulnerable to avoidable illness. The rising skepticism about vaccines is sort of totally the results of misinformation. Even so, the twists and turns of the Dengvaxia story complicate the standard narrative of valiant scientists battling public ignorance and prejudice within the quest to maintain everybody protected. The dengue saga additionally raises troublesome questions on how pharmaceutical corporations and regulators ought to proceed within the context of evolving scientific data and imperfect vaccines. Is it moral to hazard a minority within the curiosity of defending a majority, because the WHO's September 2018 advisory on Dengvaxia implies? Who ought to be making these troublesome choices: international our bodies of specialists, nationwide well being authorities, totally knowledgeable dad and mom and medical doctors, or some mixture of those? And who ought to be held accountable when issues go flawed? Read the full article

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Communicable Diseases Treatment Market  to Witness an Outstanding Growth by 2027

Communicable Diseases Treatment Market: Introduction

Communicable or infectious diseases are most commonly caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi or parasites, and viruses. Moreover, some communicable diseases are spread through air, food or beverage contamination, surface contamination, and blood or bodily fluids. Furthermore, a bite from an infected animal could cause infectious disease.

Hepatitis A, B, and C, blood-borne illnesses, measles, and HIV are some examples of communicable diseases

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Key Drivers and Opportunities of Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

Increase in incidence of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, hepatitis, and Lyme disease is anticipated to boost the growth of the global communicable diseases treatment market. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 0.62 and 1.03 new cases of communicable disease per 100,000 population were recorded in the U.S. in 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Moreover, rise in awareness and government initiatives to keep the nation safe from diseases are projected to fuel the growth of the global market. For instance, the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), established in 1909 in India, offers a Regional Training Program on the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases. The program is conducted once a year and is aimed at augmenting the capacity to understand diseases dynamics.

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Overuse of antibiotics leads to microbial resistance. Hence, introduction of new treatments and products is likely propel the global market. Industry players are engaged in the development of new products and investing in research & development. For instance, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. is one of the leading players operating in the market that maintains an active research and development program to address unmet medical needs in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease.

Furthermore, strong pipeline for infectious diseases is anticipated to drive the global communicable diseases treatment market. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 436 candidate products were in pipeline in 2018, of these 214 are vaccines, 90 are diagnostics, and 80 are medicines.

Rise in prevalence & awareness about infectious diseases and government initiatives in developing countries present lucrative opportunities in the global market. For instance, Nepal and India entered into cross-border agreement for communicable diseases in order to promote information sharing, annual high level talks, and disease-specific technical working groups.

North America to Capture Major Share of Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

North America is expected to account for major share of the global communicable diseases treatment market due to high prevalence of infectious diseases among the population. According to Annual Communicable Diseases Report (2018), an estimated 442 and 277 cases of hepatitis C and hepatitis A, respectively, were recorded in Montgomery County, the U.S.

The communicable diseases treatment market in Asia Pacific is expected to grow at a rapid pace during the forecast period owing to rise in awareness and increase in cases of communicable diseases. According to OECD, in 2014, the incidence rate of airborne tuberculosis was 18 cases per 100,000 in Japan.

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Key Players Operating in Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

The global communicable diseases treatment market is highly concentrated due to the presence of key players. A large number of manufacturers hold major share in their respective regions. Demand for communicable disease treatment products has increased in emerging as well as developed markets owing to rise in prevalence of infectious diseases. Growth strategies adopted by leading players are likely to drive the global market. For instance, in September 2018, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH announced collaboration with the Tsinghua University for research and development of immunological therapies for infectious diseases.

Major players operating in the global communicable diseases treatment market are:

Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Johnson & Johnson)

Novartis AG

Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp)

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

Bayer AG

Sanofi

GlaxoSmithKline plc

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Pfizer, Inc.

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

LUPIN

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Diphtheria: Pipeline Intelligence, 2019

Diphtheria: Pipeline Intelligence, 2019

“Diphtheria-Pipeline Intelligence, 2019”, report provides comprehensive insights about pipeline drugs across this Indication. A key objective of the report is to establish the understanding for all the pipeline drugs that fall under Diphtheria. Highlights and Scope of the Report Indication Overview: This section of the report provides comprehensive coverage of indication enables the client to…

[guitarpanda8]

A Big-Name Merger In Consumer Health Care - Seeking Alpha

Last Wednesday, Dec 19, pharmaceutical giants Pfizer, Inc. (PFE – Research Report) and GlaxoSmithKline PLC (GSK – Research Report) announced an agreement to merge their consumer health care divisions into a single entity. The joint venture will be owned 68% by GSK and 32% by Pfizer, with Pfizer appointing 3 of the 9 board members. The agreement gives GSK the right, after three years, to split the joint venture into stand-alone company, which will be traded on the UK stock exchange.

Consumer health care encompasses the over-the-counter products that so many of us rely on for day-to-day needs. GSK markets toothpaste through this division, including the international brands Sensodyne and Parodontax, as well as the popular Theraflu medication. Pfizer’s over-the-counter brands include Advil and Centrum, the world’s best-selling pain-killer and multivitamin. It’s a lucrative segment for both companies, with Pfizer recording $3.5 billion and GSK $9.2 billion in revenues from it in 2017. This suggests that the new venture will hit $12 billion or more in revenues right from the start.

Splitting the consumer health care divisions from the larger parent companies will allow both Pfizer and GSK to focus on core strengths moving forward. For Pfizer, that includes a wide array of ‘blockbuster’ prescription medications. Chances are, you’ve heard of (or maybe even used) some of these: Lipitor, Zithromax, Zoloft, Lyrica. Lipitor, for example, is a popular treatment for high cholesterol, and this author was recently prescribed Zithromax for a respiratory infection.

GSK’s primary revenue generator is vaccine production. The company manufactures and markets many of the regular vaccines that every parent is familiar with: the tetanus and diphtheria boosters, polio and pertussis shots, and even the flu shots that everyone updates every year. As a parent, I can attest to the ubiquity of GSK products when it’s time to renew the kids’ vaccinations.

Will the Analyst Reviews Turn Around?

Neither Pfizer nor GSK has shown great performance in the markets recently. Pfizer stock is somewhat moribund, turning down a bit at the end of last week after holding between $40 and $45 per share since August. GSK’s stock has been volatile for years, but it did get a boost right after the joint venture announcement. We can turn to the TipRanks database to see what the market analysts have to see about these companies, and try to divine their prospects for the future.

Pfizer, Inc. (PFE – Research Report)

Pfizer is the second largest publicly traded pharmaceutical company, with a market cap of $242 billion. As pointed out above, the company produces a large number of best-selling prescription meds, so it is not reliant on any one product for solvency.

Looking at PFE’s analyst reviews, we see an analyst consensus of ‘Hold,’ but it’s important to note the most recent review, a solid ‘Buy’ from Cantor Fitzgerald’s Louise Chen (Track Record & Ratings). She looked at this stock on Dec 20, the after the joint venture with GSK was announced, and set a $53 price target, giving a very bullish 26% upside to the stock.

Referring directly to the GSK agreement, Chen said, “We view the JV as financially and strategically beneficial to PFE, and a spin-out is what shareholders we have spoken with wanted to see. Furthermore, the underlying growth of PFE's key drugs and pipeline will be more evident without the Consumer Business. We think a greater appreciation for PFE's innovative medicines and pipeline should drive the stock higher.”

PFE currently holds a $44 average price, giving the stock a small 6% upside. I think it will be interesting to see how the price target moves in the coming weeks, when more analysts have had time to review the joint venture.

GlaxoSmithKline PLC (GSK – Research Report)

In London, GlaxoSmithKline’s stock jumped by more than 8% with news of the Pfizer joint venture. GSK also saw a boost – albeit a more modest one – on Wall Street Thursday. GSK is currently rated a ‘Moderate Buy’ on the analyst consensus, based on 1 ‘buy’ rating and 2 ‘holds,’ all given at least a week before the joint venture announcement. The stock’s average price target of $41 gives an 11% upside when compared to the $37 share price.

GSK’s most recent ‘buy’ rating came on Dec 11, from Peter Welford (Track Record & Ratings) of Jefferies. He gave the stock a $45 price target, suggesting a 21% upside from the current share price. In his comments, Welford based his bullish view on GSK entering “a period of sustained earnings momentum.”

The new joint venture may provide a solid basis for that view. Spinning off the consumer health care division will, by company estimates, save Glaxo more than $600 million per year, while the core vaccine division will continue to generate revenues.

The New Year will tell us if these two stocks are poised to change course for the better. Each has a recent ‘buy’ rating, and the combined venture on over-the-counter meds shows promise to streamline efficiency for both parents. The spinoff, with over $12 billion in potential revenues, will be the world’s largest provider of over-the-counter drugs and healthcare products, and both Pfizer and GSK will each have fingers in that cookie jar.

Keep your eyes open on both of these stocks; while the joint venture announcement came at an inopportune time – only a week before Christmas – to have an immediate effect on share price and market value, both PFE and GSK stand to gain as the news percolates out after the holidays.

Author: Michael Marcus

Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Source: https://seekingalpha.com/article/4229966-big-name-merger-consumer-health-care

[aditi-us]

Conjugate Vaccine Market Is Expected to expand at a CAGR of 14.6% Forecast period 2018-2023

A Comprehensive research study conducted by KD Market Insights on " Global Conjugate Vaccine Market (2018-2023) " report offers extensive and highly detailed historical, current and future market trends in the global and regional/market. The Conjugate Vaccine Market report includes market size, growth drivers, barriers, opportunities, trends and other information which helps to find new opportunities in this market for the growth of the business through new technologies and developments. Conjugate vaccine is a type of vaccine that contains bacterial capsular polysaccharide, attached to a protein to enhance immunogenicity and protect against invasive diseases. The global conjugate vaccine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14.6%, leading to a global revenue of USD 100.59 Bn by 2023. By volume, it is anticipated to reach 9600.56 Million units by 2023, expanding at a CAGR of 17.2%. The conjugate vaccine market is classified into two primary segments-based on disease indication: pneumococcal, haemophilus influenza type b, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, meningococcal and others; and based on end user: paediatric and adult. Asia-Pacific will have the highest CAGR during the forecasted period. Request for Sample @ https://www.kdmarketinsights.com/sample/3225 Key growth factors: - Rising adoption of cancer therapeutic vaccines, improvement in patient compliance along with an increasing product pipeline, and growing efforts for the adoption of appropriate preventive screening methods to help avert adverse reactions will accelerate the market. - Conjugate Vaccine market is expected to have positive growth owing to technological advancements, growth initiatives for the production of low-cost vaccines, and widespread routine vaccination programs in emerging economies. Threats and key players: - Although the conjugate vaccine market is expected to have a positive growth globally, lack of awareness, shortage risk, the situation of oligopoly, uncertainty about the future of international initiatives, emerging manufacturers, and costs and prices of new vaccines will hinder growth. - Major Conjugate Vaccine providers operating in the market are GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi Pasteur, Novartis, etc. Browse Full Report with TOC @ https://www.kdmarketinsights.com/product/global-conjugate-vaccine-market Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Executive summary 1.1 Market scope and segmentation 1.2 Key questions answered in this study 1.3 Executive summary - I 1.4 Executive summary – II Chapter 2: Market overview 2.1. Market definitions 2.2. Global market overview – by revenue - Global historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - Global forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - Geography-wise market (2018-2023) revenue (USD Bn) 2.3. Global market overview – by volume - Global historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - Global forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) - Geography-wise (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) 2.4. Global market drivers and challenges 2.4.1. Global market drivers 2.4.2. Global market challenges 2.5. Global market trends 2.6. Value chain 2.7.1. Regional market overview - North America - Observation - Key competitors 2.7.1(A) Regional market overview – North America by revenue and by volume - North America historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - North America forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - North America historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - North America forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) 2.7.2. Regional market overview – Europe - Observation - Key competitors 2.7.2(A) Regional market overview – Europe by revenue and by volume - Europe historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - Europe forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - Europe historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - Europe forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) 2.7.3. Regional market overview – Asia-Pacific - Observation - Key competitors 2.7.3(A) Regional market overview – Asia Pacific by revenue and by volume - Asia Pacific historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - Asia Pacific forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - Asia Pacific historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - Asia Pacific forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) 2.7.4. Regional market overview – Latin America - Observation - Key competitors 2.7.4(A) Regional Market Overview – Latin America by revenue and by volume - Latin America historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - Latin America forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - Latin America historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - Latin America forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) 2.7.5. Regional market overview – Middle East & Africa - Observation - Key competitors 2.7.5(A) Regional market overview – Middle East & Africa by revenue and by volume - Middle East & Africa historical (2015-2017) market revenue (USD Bn) - Middle East & Africa forecasted (2018-2023) market revenue (USD Bn) - Middle East & Africa historical (2015-2017) market volume (Million units) - Middle East & Africa forecasted (2018-2023) market volume (Million units) Chapter 3: Major segment overview - global by disease indication 3.1. Disease indication: Pneumococcal, Hib - by revenue, by volume, CAGR - Overview - by disease indication - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Pneumococcal – global revenue (USD Bn) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Pneumococcal – global volume (Million units) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Hib – global revenue (USD Bn) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Hib – global volume (Million units) 3.2. Disease indication: DTP, Meningococcal - by revenue, by volume, CAGR - Overview - by disease indication - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): DTP – global revenue (USD Bn) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): DTP – global volume (Million units) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Meningococcal – global revenue (USD Bn) - Market share (2015, 2018 & 2023): Meningococcal – global volume (Million units) Continue… Check for Discount @ https://www.kdmarketinsights.com/discount/3225 About Us: KD Market Insights offers a comprehensive database of syndicated research studies, customized reports, and consulting services. These reports are created to help in making smart, instant and crucial decisions based on extensive and in-depth quantitative information, supported by extensive analysis and industry insights. Our dedicated in-house team ensures the reports satisfy the requirement of the client. We aim at providing value service to our clients. Our reports are backed by extensive industry coverage and is made sure to give importance to the specific needs of our clients. The main idea is to enable our clients to make an informed decision, by keeping them and ourselves up to date with the latest trends in the market. Contact Us: KD Market Insights 150 State Street, Albany, New York, USA 12207 +1 (518) 300-1215 Email: sales@kdmarketinsights.com Website: www.kdmarketinsights.com

[ashukalbande21-blog]

Human Vaccines Market to Perceive an Aggrandizing Growth by 2022: Prognosticates MRFR

MRFR is the Leading Brand in The Research Company who Recently Published Human Vaccines Market Research Reports which includes Study of growth, Regional Analysis, Top Industry Players Formation, Major Drivers, Upcoming Trends and Forecast to 2022.

Market Scenario: A vaccine is a biological preparation which contains a weakened or killed microbial agent, its toxins or its surface proteins, which provides active acquired immunity against the disease caused by the microbe. The aim of vaccination is to stimulate and train the body immunity to recognize and destroy the microbial threat in later encounters. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases and is largely responsible for eradicating many deadly diseases such as smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as measles, and tetanus.

Get Free Sample Copy @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/2671

Middle East and Africa are laggards when it comes to immunization coverage. According to World Health Organization (WHO), out of the total number of children worldwide who did not receive the required three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines, more than 40% were from sub-Saharan Africa. Other nations with large unvaccinated population include Nigeria, Iraq, Chad, Niger, Angola, Somalia and Sudan. UNICEF estimates that in 2015, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Somalia, South Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic and Ukraine had less than 50%coverage of the third dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine. More than half of the unvaccinated children live in Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Uganda and South Africa. Thus Middle East and Africa offer immense potential and opportunities for the vaccine market. Apart from the unmet needs for vaccination, second most important market driving factor are the policies of national Governments and international bodies such as World health organization (WHO). For example vaccine action plan of WHO along with huge funding from international bodies were responsible for driving the vaccine market to great heights in the past and also resulted in development and expansion of vaccine production capacities especially in developing states notably India. Other driving factors are increasing funds from philanthropy organizations such as Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, inclusion of several new vaccines in the national immunization schedule of many countries, development of new vaccines which includes vaccine for hepatitis, growing awareness of vaccination, growth of manufacturing low cost vaccines especially in developing countries, the entry of China in the vaccine market etc. The market’s constraints include falling profitability of vaccine, manufacturing, eradication of diseases such as smallpox which effectively eliminates the need for vaccine, side effects associated with vaccines, variability of efficacy of vaccines and difficulty of producing vaccines for microbes with high mutations such as HIV. The low profitability in vaccine manufacturing has reduced incentives for developing vaccines for diseases of the developing world such as tuberculosis and malaria.

The market’s trends include strong research pipeline under which number of novel vaccines are being developed such as rubella vaccine, ebola vaccine etc. DNA recombinant technology is also a common technology used in the development of novel acting vaccines. Taking all the factors into consideration, we expect the Middle East and Africa human vaccines market which was $ 2.8 billion in 2015 to reach around $ 5.46 billion in future, growing at a CAGR of 11.8%.

Key Players for Middle East and Africa Human Vaccines Market: Some of the key players in this market are GlaxoSmithKline Plc., Merck & Co. Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., AstraZeneca Plc., Bharat Biotech, Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products, Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Emergent Biosolutions Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., Panacea Biotec and others.

Segments:

Middle East and Africa human vaccines market has been segmented on the basis of technology which comprises attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, conjugate & subunit, recombinant DNA. On the basis of disease indication; market is segmented into pneumococcal, influenza, hepatitis, rotavirus, DTP, polio and others. On the basis of type the market is segmented into prophylactic and therapeutic. On the basis of composition market is again segmented into mono vaccine and combination vaccines. The route of administration segments the market into oral, injectable and other. Moreover on the basis of end user; market is segmented into children and adults.

Regional Analysis of Middle East and Africa Human Vaccines Market:

Depending on geographic region, human vaccine market is segmented into several countries: UAE is the largest market for human vaccines in the entire Middle East and Africa human vaccines market closely followed by Egypt. The rest of Africa’s market especially Sub Saharan regions are however the fastest growing market with a huge unmet medical needs.

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[mrssapience]

On July 1, 2016, Senate Bill 277 became law in California. It is the most stringent vaccination mandate in the country, requiring strict adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vaccine schedule for all school children in order to attend public or private school, while removing all religious or personal exemptions, and allowing only extremely limited medical exemptions. While SB277 supporters claim the science on vaccines is "settled" and vaccines are proven safe and effective, questions remain. Strict Adherence Since vaccines were first introduced in the 1950s, the number and types of vaccines has gone from a recommendation for polio and smallpox vaccines to seven recommended vaccines in the 1960s and to 69 mandatory doses of 16 vaccines, from infancy to 18 years of age. These include shots to ward off diphtheria, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus and varicella (chickenpox). SB277 also requires mandatory adherence to any new vaccinations added to the schedule by the CDC. At last count, 270-plus additional vaccines are in the developmental pipeline.

[rohinic123-blog]

Communicable Diseases Treatment Market  Set to Garner Staggering Revenues by 2027

Communicable Diseases Treatment Market: Introduction

Communicable or infectious diseases are most commonly caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi or parasites, and viruses. Moreover, some communicable diseases are spread through air, food or beverage contamination, surface contamination, and blood or bodily fluids. Furthermore, a bite from an infected animal could cause infectious disease.

Hepatitis A, B, and C, blood-borne illnesses, measles, and HIV are some examples of communicable diseases

Key Drivers and Opportunities of Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

Increase in incidence of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, hepatitis, and Lyme disease is anticipated to boost the growth of the global communicable diseases treatment market. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 0.62 and 1.03 new cases of communicable disease per 100,000 population were recorded in the U.S. in 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Moreover, rise in awareness and government initiatives to keep the nation safe from diseases are projected to fuel the growth of the global market. For instance, the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), established in 1909 in India, offers a Regional Training Program on the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases. The program is conducted once a year and is aimed at augmenting the capacity to understand diseases dynamics.

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Overuse of antibiotics leads to microbial resistance. Hence, introduction of new treatments and products is likely propel the global market. Industry players are engaged in the development of new products and investing in research & development. For instance, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. is one of the leading players operating in the market that maintains an active research and development program to address unmet medical needs in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease.

Furthermore, strong pipeline for infectious diseases is anticipated to drive the global communicable diseases treatment market. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 436 candidate products were in pipeline in 2018, of these 214 are vaccines, 90 are diagnostics, and 80 are medicines.

Rise in prevalence & awareness about infectious diseases and government initiatives in developing countries present lucrative opportunities in the global market. For instance, Nepal and India entered into cross-border agreement for communicable diseases in order to promote information sharing, annual high level talks, and disease-specific technical working groups.

North America to Capture Major Share of Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

North America is expected to account for major share of the global communicable diseases treatment market due to high prevalence of infectious diseases among the population. According to Annual Communicable Diseases Report (2018), an estimated 442 and 277 cases of hepatitis C and hepatitis A, respectively, were recorded in Montgomery County, the U.S.

The communicable diseases treatment market in Asia Pacific is expected to grow at a rapid pace during the forecast period owing to rise in awareness and increase in cases of communicable diseases. According to OECD, in 2014, the incidence rate of airborne tuberculosis was 18 cases per 100,000 in Japan.

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Key Players Operating in Global Communicable Diseases Treatment Market

The global communicable diseases treatment market is highly concentrated due to the presence of key players. A large number of manufacturers hold major share in their respective regions. Demand for communicable disease treatment products has increased in emerging as well as developed markets owing to rise in prevalence of infectious diseases. Growth strategies adopted by leading players are likely to drive the global market. For instance, in September 2018, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH announced collaboration with the Tsinghua University for research and development of immunological therapies for infectious diseases.

Major players operating in the global communicable diseases treatment market are:

Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Johnson & Johnson)

Novartis AG

Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp)

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

Bayer AG

Sanofi

GlaxoSmithKline plc

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Pfizer, Inc.

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

LUPIN

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