#2020 Ford Explorer Base Price

[hakesbros]

San Juan Park Homes For Sale & Actual Estate Farmington, Nm

This coverage provides payment for added dwelling bills when your home is uninhabitable due to a coated loss. This protection applies for the shortest time required to repair or substitute the premises, or on your family to settle elsewhere, as much homes for sale in albuquerque new mexico as 24 months. "Solomon provided firearms and cash funds and personally participated in at least one taking pictures." Preferred Rewards members could qualify for an origination payment or rate of interest discount based in your eligible tier at the time of utility.

The thought is corporations like Sunrun, along with utilities, will recruit vehicles like the F-150 Lightning to type virtual energy crops. These networks of hundreds or millions of units can provide electrical energy throughout important occasions. By 2030, in accordance with the clear energy nonprofit RMI, this could reduce peak masses in the United States by 60 gigawatts, equivalent to the average consumption of fifty homes for sale albuquerque million households. That would minimize the number of energy crops we have to build, and help redistribute clean power all through the day. Ford changed how customers saw their vehicles when it rolled out a hybrid version of the F-150, says Ryan O’Gorman of Ford’s energy companies program. The truck doubles as a generator sporting as many as 11 shops unfold around the vehicle, together with a 240-volt outlet usually used for appliances like garments dryers.

Three and four-bedroom homes, primarily in single-family detached homes, are the most well-liked building dimension and sort in Albuquerque. Owners and renters coexist in the city, with 59.eleven % proudly owning and 40 new homes albuquerque.89 % renting. As a useful resource to investors, Roofstock might present contact info or hyperlinks to lending, insurance, property administration, or other monetary or professional service suppliers.

New Mexicans thrilled to take part in flyover at Sunday's huge sport, making history as a part of a flyover that for the primary time is ... Since the start of 2020, 18 individuals have died while in custody of Bernalillo County's Metropolitan Detention Center. Advocates and attorneys level to low staffing of correctional officers and medical staff as an element.

To that finish, most Stacker stories are freely out there to republish under a Creative Commons License, and we encourage you to share our stories along with your viewers. There are a couple of guidelines and restrictions, which you'll be able to evaluate under. 41.6% year-over-year within the first quarter of 2021, rising considerably more than the smaller enhance for extra reasonably priced homes.

If you are concerned about receiving marketing email from us, you can update your privateness decisions anytime in the Privacy and Security space of our website. AFR says fires brought on by squatters are an enormous problem in the metro. Last 12 months, it’s believed their crews had been known new home builders in albuquerque as out to greater than 50 house fires at deserted homes. — Albuquerque Fire Rescue says a home is ‘a total loss’ after a fire overnight in the northeast a part of town. One handler says the canine have magical powers to ease nervousness. Judge orders Albuquerque homicide suspect held pending trial ABQnews Seeker Charles Robinson is one of 4 ...

Platinum Protection also offers additional coverage for sure labor prices, specified costs for gadgets underneath a producer's guarantee, and zone controls. Coverage availability and value range by state, so see your state's coverage brochure to be taught extra. A home loan with an rate of interest that is still the same for the whole term of the loan. The price of curiosity on a loan, expressed as a proportion. We ask in your email tackle in order that we are able to contact you within the event we're unable to reach you by phone.

Explore our current list of Albuquerque home builders. You can compare flooring plans, elevations, pricing, features and evaluations from actual home house owners that went via the model new build course of. John has been our realtor since we purchased our first home many years homes for sale in albuquerque nm ago. We’ve since bought and bought one other and even bought land through John. He is fast to reply, caring, and super educated. He isn’t afraid to permit you to make a bid and see what happens with it.

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Dodge dart 2016

DODGE DART 2016 MANUAL

DODGE DART 2016 REGISTRATION

This head turning 2016 Dodge Dart Sedan fits your budget at Call or Text For Price.

DODGE DART 2016 MANUAL

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DODGE DART 2016 REGISTRATION

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[surly01]

This Week in Collapse April 11, 2021

"Give me bacon, or give me death!" ~Shaneka Torres, February 9, 2014

If you believe, as we do, that environmental and social collapse is already well underway, the news of the week provided a cornucopia of data points in confirmation. Next week will mark the sixth anniversary of the conviction and sentencing of Shaneka Torres for storming a Michigan McDonald's upon discovering her baconless burger. The frustration Torres felt is now mirrored in all of us as we consume each day's headlines in similar frustration.

But hostility, like violence, is as American as cherry pie. Did you know that members of the starving Donner party were offered assistance by local natives, only to be shot at for their troubles?

Washoe scouts brought the stranded migrants food — including a deer carcass, fish, and wild potatoes — but were met with hostility. On one occasion, an offering of fish was refused. On at least three others, the Washoe approached the Donner camps with food only to be met by gunshots, leaving one man dead…

When a scout saw the white people cannibalizing their dead, the tribe was said to retreat, afraid they too might be killed and eaten. From then on, the Washoe referred to the migrants as “not people.”

Today this hostility toward others, even those trying to help you, pervades most of American society. Many look back upon their high school years as an American version of "Lord of the Flies." Similar put-downs, one-upsmanship, and attack behavior can also be seen in our popular entertainments. This framing our headlong retreat from the natural world and from one another as we immerse ourselves in our phones. To say nothing of our political divisions, best characterized by objectification (of the other, making them “not people”) and derision, and where any attempt to find common ground is met by the back of the hand of friendship. Little wonder that the rising generations find our current set of arrangements hopeless.

But this week's headlines suggest that for a variety of reasons, that set of arrangements won't last indefinitely.

Who could forget the recent Suez Canal flap with the large container ship stuck like a throat lozenge? Not Egypt, who has said to Ever Given’s Owners: Pay Us $1 Billion Or You Aren't Getting Your Big Boat Back. If you thought the Egyptian government would be thrilled to see it go, think again. Nice boat you have here… be a shame if anything happened to it…

“The vessel will remain here until investigations are complete and compensation is paid,” Osama Rabie, chairman of the Suez Canal Authority, told state television in Egypt on Thursday.

“We hope for a speedy agreement,” he said. “The minute they agree to compensation, the vessel will be allowed to move.”

A country filled with people traumatized by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020 paid full attention to the threat of supply chain collapse. Why you should expect more Suez-like supply chain disruptions and shortages at your local grocery store  In one short week, the price of oil went up, and companies fretted as hundreds of ships carrying everything from coffee and cattle to toys and furniture were delayed. Just-in-time delivery means low to nonexistent inventories. Experts estimated that every hour traffic remained stuck cost the global economy over US$400 million in lost trade.

The pandemic revealed that even simple supply chains, such as that of toilet paper and hand sanitizer, can easily break in the face of disruptions. The same was true with food, personal protective equipment, pharmaceuticals and ordinary household items, which all suffered from severe shortages that lasted for months into the pandemic.

Pandemic-strained supply chains are now creating a global shortage of semiconductors, a component used in a wide variety of consumer goods, from Samsung smartphones and Apple laptops to Ford Explorers and Sony PlayStations. Virtually every piece of electronics needs a chip, and the supply chain is much more complex than for toilet paper.

All coming to a supply-chain chokepoint near you. Read more in The Conversation.

The weekly economic news is not good, but economic news is never good.  How does a country deal with climate disasters when it’s drowning in debt? Not very well, it turns out. Especially not when a global pandemic clobbers its economy.

Today, the debt that Belize owes its foreign creditors is equal to 85 percent of its entire national economy. The private credit ratings agency Standard & Poor’s has downgraded its creditworthiness, making it tougher to get loans on the private market. The International Monetary Fund calls its debt levels “unsustainable.”  Many other smaller countries are in a similar bind. It's a house of cards.

Government Admits Zimbabwe Dollar Collapse, Pegs Passport Fees In US$. Information Minister Monica Mutsvangwa said the senior government officials had acknowledged Zimbabwean currency was no longer a viable option for offshore purchases. That's weaselspeak for “our money is officially toilet paper.”

“Foreign currency is required for the off-shore procurement of consumables. However, the current fees payable in the local currency are no longer viable…”

And that is just one domino. Africa offers others.

Collapse often follows insurgencies. Hunger spreads as Mozambique crisis reaches tipping point.

Insurgents from a group known as Al Shebab attacked Palma, a town in Mozambique’s far northern Cabo Delgado province. They launched an attack on the coastal town, firing indiscriminately, setting fire to buildings and killing dozens, according to local officials. Residents there did what people do: scattering in a desperate attempt to reach safety by whatever means possible: on foot, by road and boat fleeing with the clothes they were wearing and a few things for their children. To hide in the bush for the smoke to clear.

Townspeople joined thousands of others sheltering in displacement camps with limited food supplies across Cabo Delgado.

Much of the strife in the Global South stems from the stresses unleashed by climate change. The climate news this week was as ugly as the economic news.

Despite pandemic shutdowns, carbon dioxide and methane surged in 2020

NOAA announced last week that levels of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, continued their unrelenting rise in 2020 despite the Covid-driven economic slowdown. Carbon dioxide levels are now higher than at anytime in the past 3.6 million years. The last time atmospheric CO2 was this high, sea level was about 78 feet higher than today, the average temperature was 7 degrees F higher than in pre-industrial times, and forests occupied areas of the Arctic that are now tundra.

Methane Has Never Risen This Fast in the Atmosphere

There’s more methane in the atmosphere than any other time since record keeping began. Levels really spiked last year, despite the fact that we were all inside for most of the time. Methane shattering records is one of those things that seems to happen every year. But what’s really troubling is that last year’s rise in methane levels was the biggest rise in a single year since record-keeping began. Methane is over 80 times more potent as a warming agent than carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.

Short takes and highlights from the week:

'A biological Fukushima': Brazil COVID-19 deaths on track to pass worst of U.S. wave

Brazil’s coronavirus death toll passes 4,000 a day for first time

Bolsonaro a 'Threat to the Planet,' Says Lula as Brazil's Daily Covid Death Toll Hits All-Time High

New 'Double Mutant' Coronavirus Variant Found In California

Americans' Worry About Catching COVID-19 Drops to Record Low

A record-low 35% of Americans worry about catching COVID-19. At the same time, 77% say the coronavirus situation is improving.

Ecocide: Should Destruction of the Planet Be a Crime?

Atmospheric CO2 Passes 420 PPM for First Time Ever

Scientists: Mass Extinction Is Coming as Organisms Flee the Equator-- Oceanic life is fleeing the increasingly-hot equator for more hospitable water, and a mass extinction event is likely to follow.

The Coming Antibiotic-Resistance Pandemic that Could Make COVID Look Like the Flu

America Never Wanted the Tired, Poor, Huddled Masses

Another Day, Another Far-Right Fantast: Texas Man Tried to Blow Up the Internet-- Federal Investigators allege that a Texas man wanted to use C-4 to blow up around 70% of the internet.

So it’s been a week of extortion for supply chain disruption, CO2 and methane-based catastrophe, immanent ecosystem collapse, unsustainable debt, and worthless currencies. Another week of downward spin as the American Empire unwinds along with late stage capitalism..

[noisystatesmanbakeryfriend]

2020 Toyota 4Runner Review

2020 toyota 4runner: 5 pros and 4 cons. Toyota has actually given its 4runner a number of updates for 2020, bringing this suv's rugged appearances and off-road capability into the new decade. Related: 2020 toyota 4runner review: in your home. Find out more. Need to purchase a car during the covid-19 coronavirus outbreak? read this prior to you do. 10 biggest newspaper article of the week: 2020 chevrolet corvette trounces telluride. 2020 toyota 4runner: everything you need to understand. 2020 toyota 4runner evaluation: at home where the sidewalk ends. 10 most significant chicago auto program stories: 2021 genesis gv80 quits little ground. Within toyota's lineup, the 4runner is positioned above the rav4 compact crossover and along with the highlander midsize crossover. Cargurus has evaluated the toyota 4runner numerous times in current years, recognizing it with the following overall scores: 8. 2 (2014 ), 7. 3 (2015 ), and 7. More about the 2020 Toyota 4Runner Conditions apply. Crawl control is designed for driving on challenging terrain at low speeds. It helps the driver by managing acceleration and braking, allowing the driver to concentrate on steering. The toyota 4runner is designed to fulfill off-road driving requirements, but off-roading is naturally harmful. The original 4runner was a compact suv and bit more than a toyota pickup truck with a fiberglass shell over the bed, however the model has actually since gone through significant independent advancement into a cross between a compact and a mid-size suv. All 4runners have been integrated in japan at toyota's plant in tahara, aichi, or at the hino motors (a toyota subsidiary) plant in hamura. The 4runner was available in at number 5 in a 2019 research study by iseecars. Com ranking the longest-lasting vehicles in the us. The 4runner had 3. 9percent of vehicles over 200,000 miles (320,000 km), according to the research study. The trekker was among the first prototype walk through conversions done to toyota trucks in the early 1980s. They resembled the successive 4runner conversions done by toyota, which started production in 1984, however were designed and built by winnebago markets with the approval of toyota. The trekker was no longer viable when toyota started producing the 4runner in 1984, having in essence functioned as a marketing test vehicle for that car. Thus, the very first generation is almost mechanically similar to the toyota hilux. All very first generation 4runners had two doors and were indistinguishable from the pickups from the dashboard forward. Almost all changes were to the latter half of the body; in fact, since the rear springs were not updated to bear the additional weight from the rear seats and fiberglass top, these early models tended to experience a drooping rear suspension. Related 2020 Toyota 4Runner details All 2020 4runners receive toyota's safety sense p (tss p), an integrated suite of driver-assistance features including a pre-collision system with autonomous braking, adaptive cruise control, lane-departure caution, and automatic high-beams. A brand-new infotainment system increases in screen size from 6. 1 to 8. In our very first drive review of the 2020 toyota 4runner trd pro, we were impressed by its off-road capability, stating that "'although the 4runner is old, it showed to be plenty capable on the trail." we were also pleased with the enhancements made to the vehicle's driver's assistants and infotainment systems, and felt that those looking to purchase a 4runner should absolutely wait for the 2020 model, as these updates actually make a difference in the interior and safety. Read what other owners consider the 2020 Toyota 4Runner. Shoppers also think about. Toyota's old-school 4runner hasn't changed a lot for many years, but its competitors have. Vehicles such as the nissan pathfinder, when an authentic suv ready to take on gnarly terrain, have actually given that morphed into crossovers with less off-road capability. The 2020 toyota 4runner keeps its status as a tough, off-road prepared suv that uses a more civilized option to vehicles like the jeep wrangler, particularly when discovered in trd off-road or trd pro trims. It's likewise a fairly comfy daily driver that can seat up to 7 passengers throughout 3 rows, and it can tow approximately 5,000 pounds. Toyota 4Runner vs. Jeep Grand Cherokee The same can be stated, to varying degrees, of models like the ford explorer and chevrolet blazer. That leaves just 2 primary rivals: the jeep grand cherokee and jeep wrangler unlimited. Offered the shift in buyers' preferences, its shrinking segment, and its antiquated style, one would presume the 4runner's best days were in the past. Get the base 4runner in gray, beat the hell out of it and keep it for 20-plus years. That's what i suggest. Your other options are the jeep grand cherokee ($32,150), which is even more refined and outsells 4runner by a nation mile. Toyota 4Runner vs. Toyota Highlander 2020 toyota 4runner trd pro: 3 things that make it a pro in the city. 10 most significant news stories of the week: 2021 genesis gv80, gmc yukon do it. 2020 chicago auto show: everything you missed out on. 2021 toyota highlander xse and unique 4runner, tacoma tundra identify themselves. While more recent midsize trucks are much smoother on the road, the 4runner is stiff and bouncy, jouncing along the highway. If you prepare to use your brand-new suv for travelling, something like the brand-new toyota highlander or smaller rav4 are most likely a much better bet. Toyota 4Runner vs. Toyota Tacoma But, that's exactly for how long it's been considering that toyota introduced the latest version of its venerable midsize suv. The fifth-generation 4runner debuted for the 2010 model year, using rather tighter interior accommodations compared to its predecessor and sharing various bits and pieces with the tacoma pickup an fj cruiser suv. Our experts' favorite 4Runner safety features: Rear spoiler, mp3 player, privacy glass, keyless entry, child safety locks. Toyota limited with magnetic gray metallic outside and black interior features a v6 cylinder engine with 270 hp at 5600 rpm *. Choice packagesrunning boards. Serviced here, locally owned and traded here!experts conclude'the 4runner's v6 produces a healthy 270 horsepower, ideal when you need to pass slower traffic or tow heavy loads. What do individuals consider the 2020 Toyota 4Runner? The 2018 toyota 4runner is a body-on-frame sport energy, meaning it's truck-based instead of car-based as would be a crossover-suv. This indicates that the 4runner might not be for everyone, but it does fit a specific market and segment of needs. The 2018 4runner needs to be thought of as a pickup truck with more seating capable of bring a fair variety of people and pulling a fair amount of trailer and cargo. As such, the japanese maker didn't change much of anything on the 2013 toyota 4runner. Many people would neglect this midsize suv at first glance, however it does have some extremely rugged and useful features that might attract buyers searching for recognized dependability. What's an excellent price for a New 2020 Toyota 4Runner? Different package updates followed in 2018, and after that a black-accented nightshade special edition showed up for the 2019 model year. Cargurus tested the 2019 4runner, eventually recommending the sr5 premium 4wd model based on its available features and sub-$40,000 starting price. As the toyota 4runner entered the 2020 model year, it went through a host of considerable upgrades, the least of which was the introduction of a venture trim level accented by distinct wheels and a standard roofing system rack. I finally get the love for the toyota 4runner. I almost got it in the past, now that i have actually spent a week in one, i'm feeling a connection to the loud, unrefined, semi-slow, old suv. Beginning with the excellent, the 4runner's looks are simply traditional and identifiable. Should I lease or buy a 2020 Toyota 4Runner? Such has been the appeal of the toyota 4runner, a rear-wheel-drive (rwd) or 4-wheel-drive (4wd) model that has actually filled that function since it was initially introduced in the mid-1980s. Now, as one of the couple of midsize suvs still on the marketplace, the up-to-7-passenger 4runner continues to bring in buyers who want to venture far off the beaten course, or a minimum of would like to know their vehicle can do so at a moment's notice. A new, sixth-generation 4runner is stated to be in development but, at the time of this writing, no details have actually been launched. 2003-2009 toyota 4runner: 4th generation. Aside from pickup trucks and some very popular cars, couple of vehicle nameplates have been around regularly for more than thirty years. Up to $500 refund on a new toyota 4runner. Not valid on unique lease/preferred choice deals, apr programs or vehicles otherwise omitted based on the terms and conditions. Must be 18 years of age or older and have a valid driver's license.

[a-painful-mess-of-code]

2020 Toyota 4Runner Review

2020 toyota 4runner: 5 pros and 4 cons. Toyota has provided its 4runner numerous updates for 2020, bringing this suv's rugged appearances and off-road capability into the new years. Related: 2020 toyota 4runner evaluation: at home. Learn more. Need to buy a car during the covid-19 coronavirus outbreak? read this prior to you do. 10 greatest newspaper article of the week: 2020 chevrolet corvette trounces telluride. 2020 toyota 4runner: everything you require to understand. 2020 toyota 4runner review: in the house where the walkway ends. 10 greatest chicago auto program stories: 2021 genesis gv80 quits little ground. Within toyota's lineup, the 4runner is placed above the rav4 compact crossover and along with the highlander midsize crossover. Cargurus has actually examined the toyota 4runner several times in current years, acknowledging it with the following overall scores: 8. 2 (2014 ), 7. 3 (2015 ), and 7. More about the 2020 Toyota 4Runner Conditions apply. Crawl control is designed for driving on tough terrain at low speeds. It assists the driver by managing velocity and braking, allowing the driver to concentrate on steering. The toyota 4runner is designed to satisfy off-road driving requirements, but off-roading is naturally unsafe. The original 4runner was a compact suv and little bit more than a toyota pickup truck with a fiberglass shell over the bed, however the model has actually because undergone significant independent development into a cross in between a compact and a mid-size suv. All 4runners have been integrated in japan at toyota's plant in tahara, aichi, or at the hino motors (a toyota subsidiary) plant in hamura. The 4runner can be found in at number five in a 2019 study by iseecars. Com ranking the longest-lasting vehicles in the us. The 4runner had 3. 9percent of vehicles over 200,000 miles (320,000 km), according to the research study. The traveler was among the very first prototype walk through conversions done to toyota trucks in the early 1980s. They were similar to the successive 4runner conversions done by toyota, which started production in 1984, however were designed and built by winnebago industries with the approval of toyota. The traveler was no longer practical when toyota started producing the 4runner in 1984, having in essence served as a marketing test vehicle for that car. Hence, the first generation is nearly mechanically similar to the toyota hilux. All first generation 4runners had two doors and were indistinguishable from the pickups from the dashboard forward. Nearly all changes were to the latter half of the body; in reality, due to the fact that the rear springs were not updated to bear the additional weight from the rear seats and fiberglass top, these early models tended to suffer from a drooping rear suspension. Associated 2020 Toyota 4Runner details All 2020 4runners get toyota's safety sense p (tss p), an incorporated suite of driver-assistance features including a pre-collision system with self-governing braking, adaptive cruise control, lane-departure warning, and automatic high-beams. A brand-new infotainment system increases in screen size from 6. 1 to 8. In our very first drive evaluation of the 2020 toyota 4runner trd pro, we were impressed by its off-road capability, mentioning that "'although the 4runner is old, it proved to be plenty capable on the path." we were also pleased with the enhancements made to the vehicle's driver's assistants and infotainment systems, and felt that those wanting to purchase a 4runner should certainly wait for the 2020 model, as these updates really make a difference in the interior and safety. Read what other owners think about the 2020 Toyota 4Runner. Shoppers also think about. Toyota's old-school 4runner hasn't altered a good deal over the years, however its competitors have. Vehicles such as the nissan pathfinder, when a real suv all set to deal with gnarly terrain, have since changed into crossovers with less off-road capability. The 2020 toyota 4runner preserves its status as a tough, off-road all set suv that offers a more civilized alternative to vehicles like the jeep wrangler, especially when discovered in trd off-road or trd pro trims. It's also a fairly comfy day-to-day driver that can seat approximately 7 passengers throughout three rows, and it can tow up to 5,000 pounds. Toyota 4Runner vs. Jeep Grand Cherokee The exact same can be said, to differing degrees, of models like the ford explorer and chevrolet sports jacket. That leaves only two main competitors: the jeep grand cherokee and jeep wrangler unlimited. Offered the shift in buyers' preferences, its shrinking sector, and its old design, one would assume the 4runner's best days were in the past. Get the base 4runner in gray, beat the hell out of it and keep it for 20-plus years. That's what i recommend. Your other choices are the jeep grand cherokee ($32,150), which is far more refined and outsells 4runner by a nation mile. Toyota 4Runner vs. Toyota Highlander 2020 toyota 4runner trd pro: 3 things that make it a pro in the city. 10 biggest news stories of the week: 2021 genesis gv80, gmc yukon do it. 2020 chicago auto program: whatever you missed out on. 2021 toyota highlander xse and special 4runner, tacoma tundra identify themselves. While newer midsize trucks are much smoother on the road, the 4runner is stiff and bouncy, jouncing along the highway. If you prepare to utilize your brand-new suv for travelling, something like the new toyota highlander or smaller sized rav4 are most likely a better bet. Toyota 4Runner vs. Toyota Tacoma But, that's exactly for how long it's been given that toyota presented the latest model of its venerable midsize suv. The fifth-generation 4runner debuted for the 2010 model year, providing rather tighter interior accommodations compared to its predecessor and sharing different bits and pieces with the tacoma pickup an fj cruiser suv. Our professionals' preferred 4Runner safety features: Rear spoiler, mp3 player, privacy glass, keyless entry, child safety locks. Toyota limited with magnetic gray metallic exterior and black interior features a v6 cylinder engine with 270 hp at 5600 rpm *. Alternative packagesrunning boards. Serviced here, locally owned and traded here!experts conclude'the 4runner's v6 produces a healthy 270 horse power, best when you require to pass slower traffic or tow heavy loads. What do individuals think about the 2020 Toyota 4Runner? The 2018 toyota 4runner is a body-on-frame sport utility, implying it's truck-based rather than car-based as would be a crossover-suv. This indicates that the 4runner may not be for everyone, but it does fit a certain market and sector of requirements. The 2018 4runner must be thought of as a pickup truck with more seating capable of carrying a fair number of people and hauling a reasonable quantity of trailer and cargo. As such, the japanese producer didn't change much of anything on the 2013 toyota 4runner. The majority of people would overlook this midsize suv initially glimpse, however it does have some extremely rugged and useful features that might attract purchasers trying to find known reliability. What's a good price for a New 2020 Toyota 4Runner? Different package updates followed in 2018, and then a black-accented nightshade special edition arrived for the 2019 model year. Cargurus evaluated the 2019 4runner, ultimately advising the sr5 premium 4wd model based upon its available features and sub-$40,000 beginning price. As the toyota 4runner got in the 2020 model year, it went through a host of considerable upgrades, the least of which was the introduction of a venture trim level accentuated by unique wheels and a standard roofing system rack. I lastly get the love for the toyota 4runner. I nearly got it previously, now that i have actually spent a week in one, i'm feeling a connection to the loud, unrefined, semi-slow, old suv. Starting with the excellent, the 4runner's appearances are just timeless and recognizable. Should I lease or buy a 2020 Toyota 4Runner? Such has actually been the appeal of the toyota 4runner, a rear-wheel-drive (rwd) or 4-wheel-drive (4wd) model that has filled that role since it was initially introduced in the mid-1980s. Now, as one of the few midsize suvs still on the marketplace, the up-to-7-passenger 4runner continues to bring in buyers who want to endeavor away the beaten course, or at least want to know their vehicle can do so at a moment's notice. A brand-new, sixth-generation 4runner is stated to be in development however, at the time of this writing, no details have been launched. 2003-2009 toyota 4runner: 4th generation. Aside from pickup trucks and some very popular cars, couple of vehicle nameplates have been around consistently for more than thirty years. As much as $500 rebate on a brand-new toyota 4runner. Not valid on unique lease/preferred alternative transactions, apr programs or vehicles otherwise left out based on the conditions. Must be 18 years of age or older and have a valid driver's license.

[enginerumors]

2020 Ford Explorer Review, Release, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Review, Release, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Review, Release, Price– The 2020 Ford Explorer will undoubtedly simple changes from the exterior, but changes upgrade the drive, and those support frames are much more likely. Decrease the volume have to entail a much better gasoline economic climate and much better control; In addition, it is probable that the superior characteristics state-of-the-art, in addition to a…

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2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price– Anyone discovered some gossip precisely how typically the up coming-development Ford Explorer is likely to be prepared with a rear-drive the car platform and indeed, will receive every higher-performance ST unit for 2020. Economically, it would appear that the following that of these might be going forward sooner than expected. Spy pictures current a…

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2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Change, Redesign, Price– Anyone discovered some gossip precisely how typically the up coming-development Ford Explorer is likely to be prepared with a rear-drive the car platform and indeed, will receive every higher-performance ST unit for 2020. Economically, it would appear that the following that of these might be going forward sooner than expected. Spy pictures current a…

[smoothshift]

I Just went and test drove the 2020 Explorer ST. Here's a quick review. via /r/cars

I Just went and test drove the 2020 Explorer ST. Here's a quick review.

Having owned a 2017 Sport for almost 4 years now and with the 2020s hitting dealers, I thought I would go check them out in person to see if its worth the upgrade.

I drove a black ST with the optional ST Wheel pack pic

Exterior: From the rear ¾ all the way to the side view, this thing looks pretty aggressive. The optional ST wheels look great, but the painted red stock calipers are pretty gimmicky. Moving to the front ¾ view the previous gen post facelift (2016-2019) absolutely wins here. The 2020 isnt very aggressive looking even in the ST trim and just kinda looks like a fish.

interior: For how large the previous gen was, its always felt like the interior space was poorly utilized. The door panels are extremely fat, and the dash comes up really high and back down into the cabin. Sync 3 and the Sony sound system on the Sport is decent, but the B&O in the 2020 is worlds better. The floor in the rear is now flat, and the bucket seats tilt and slide forward instead of completely folding up to make getting in the back seats easier.

The ST seats are much more supportive, and an major upgrade with individually adjustable lower mid and upper lumbar, as well as a massage function which is also a bit gimmicky. The side bolsters are very supportive and hold you in the seat, unlike the previous where there was almost zero bolstering present. The ventilated seats work great and are welcome with the 100F days we have here in Texas.

Compared to the 2017, the steering wheel in the ST is fantastic. Its nice and fat and I found gripping it right where the paddle shifters are was extremely comfortable.

Ford has done away with the mechanical gauges in the ST and Platinum and gone to a single screen. There are several drive modes, and depending on the mode you select the display changes to accommodate. In normal mode, the screen only displays speed, but Sport changes to speed as well as tach. I thought I was going to hate the giant vertical tablet screen but its not actually terrible, and navigation shows a lot more of your route ahead than a landscape style screen. All of the climate controls are pretty intuitive and have mechanical buttons and dials.

The ST and platinum come standard with radar cruise, and start stop traffic as well as blind spot and lane control. I tested it out a bit and works pretty well even when coming to a full stop.

Performance: ST and Platinum come with the 3.0 ecoboost, and 10 speed standard. When comparing this to the 3.5 ecoboost and archaic 6 speed in the previous gen this thing is fast as shit for a large SUV. I cant wait to see what Livernois will do with this thing.

The one major complaint I have with the FWD based 2017 is the massive amount of torque steer you get at anything past half throttle. I always had felt like I had to compensate to keep it from pulling right. With the RWD based AWD its extremely stable and straight and the acceleration is a completely different feeling, its just constant and uninterrupted with the 10 speed. Overall turn in is way better and just feels overall more capable than previous gen.

Price: at around $57k MSRP its certainly not cheap. Given previous pricing trends, these should be going for well under MSRP once dealers get flooded with them. if you don’t care about the extra power or features, I feel the Limited trim will be a really good buy if you need a SUV with a 3rd row.

TL;DR: This is a massive upgrade from the previous Taurus based generation in every single way

[molm2]

2023 Hyundai Palisade | Review & Road Test

For the latest Hyundai Palisade pricing and information: This is the Hyundai Palisade and as you can see, it’s gotten some work done. With a revised front fascia, interior, and the introduction of a new rugged trim, it’s received, all together now, a mid-cycle refresh. Here’s some quick details. Introduced in 2020, this is Hyundai’s biggest vehicle. It’s a 7 or 8 seat mid-size SUV that shook up the car market when it arrived, presenting a practical and stylish alternative to its competition. Propelling Hyundai’s big boy is still a 3.8L V6 making 291 hp (291 hp/ 262 lb-ft) linked to an 8-speed automatic transmission. FWD is standard and AWD is available on all trims for an extra $1,900. Fuel economy on par with the segment (FWD 19 city / 27 hwy, graphic: AWD 19 city/ 25 hwy) but a hybrid option would be nice right about now, and if you plan on towing the Palisade has a Max tow capacity of 5000 lbs. In the cargo area there’s (18 cu-ft) behind the 3rd row, fold down the 3rd row seats for (45.8 cu-ft), and for maximum volume, the second and 3rd row folded yields (86.4 cu-ft). And on the subject of seats, 8 passenger seating is only available on the lowest 2 SE and SEL trims. Higher trims feature captains chairs. Applied to the pavement, the Palisade drives well. It has predictable handling and provides a graceful and confident ride. Honestly the Palisade has some easy road manners, which is good because if you’re using this to haul around family, you want the easiest ride you can get. Visibility is good in the but if you do need it, there’s standard blind spot monitoring. Some other standard safety features will include forward collision assist with pedestrian detection, Lane follow and lane keep assist, and navigation based smart cruise control with stop & go and curve control. Power delivery in the Palisade is adequate, put your foot down and it gets you moving. I like that the V6 has a pretty linear power delivery that you won’t really feel on a lot of turbo powered SUVS. Base MSRP is $34,950 not including destination charges for an SE trim which includes the standard features mentioned earlier, AC vents in all 3 rows, paddle shifters, LED headlights, and highway driving assist. Wanna stand out? Check out that new XRT trim starting at $40,250 that’ll give you rugged aesthetics like a dark grille, black lower bumpers in front and black, and skid plate accents, 20” black alloy wheels, Black roof Rails, a lower door garnish, and the XRT badge. And if you’re considering taking the luxury route, the Calligraphy trim starting at $48,900 includes these 20 inch alloy wheels, Chrome exterior accents, digital rear view mirror, ambient lighting, and nappa leather seats with Hyundai’s “driver’s ergo motion seat”, which is basically a seat massager. Competitors include so many SUVS like the Toyota Highlander, Ford Explorer, Honda Pilot, Subaru Ascent, Volkswagen Atlas, Nissan Pathfinder, and can’t forget its platform-mate the Kia Telluride. The Palisade is a satisfying SUV that continues to stand out in a world of midsize SUVS. And now with its new facelift, rugged trim, and upscale interior, you really can’t deny yourself a second look at what Hyundai is offering. 00:00 2023 Hyundai Palisade 0:43 Engine 1:10 Interior 4:04 Driving Impressions 6:17 Pricing 8:08 Competitors

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[andrealonzochambers1]

2022's Best Electric Vehicles

If you're in the market for a new automobile, you're definitely curious about the Top Electric Vehicles of 2022. While electric flagships were introduced in 2021, the next several years will witness the introduction of more inexpensive mainstream electric vehicles. That means there will be more electric vehicles on the road and, perhaps, a larger market for them. However, if you're looking for a completely electric vehicle, you'd be better off looking at the 2020 portfolio, which includes a number of high-end vehicles.

According to Andre Alonzo Chambers, because of its dynamic exterior and appealing interior, the Chevy Bolt EUV will be on the list. Its name is uninspired, yet it is sufficient to entice a consumer. This car will be equipped with a variety of functions, including an electric vehicle subscription service. A fast web search will yield several models, as well as costs and specs. Whatever its moniker, the Chevy Bolt may be the most amazing electric vehicle in 2022.

Major manufacturers are anticipated to offer additional electric automobiles. Volkswagen is counting on nostalgia to increase popular interest in electric vehicles. The company's ten-year-old electric i3 hatchback will be electricized. The i4 is a tiny crossover that may appeal to SUV aficionados, while the i3 is an electric hybrid. Only a silhouette of Groupe Renault's B-segment EV has been disclosed, although it is expected to be boxy.

Hyundai also intends to introduce a new EV series, the Ioniq. The tiny SUV has quick charging capabilities and can go to 60 mph in 5.7 seconds. It also includes a bidirectional charging mechanism that allows it to charge other Ioniqs. After the premium versions arrive in the United States, the base model will be introduced. It will cost around $40,900, which is a good price given its characteristics.

The Toyota bZ4X is an electric car competitor. For the fourth time in a running, U.S. News named it the best luxury hybrid, and it's a real contender in the premium EV market. The ES Hybrid features a combined city and highway efficiency of 44 mpg, a quality cabin, and a low starting price. Furthermore, the ES is known for its dependability.

Andre Alonzo Chambers described that, Mercedes has also revealed intentions to release an all-electric Mercedes EQS SUV, which will compete in the premium segment with the Model S. It is already accessible in Europe and China and will be available in the United States in 2022. The Mercedes EQE, which will be one of the first high-volume EVs to hit dealerships, is expected to cost between USD 105,000 and $130,000. Aside from that, the Mercedes EQE will be the most significant high-volume EV to be released this year. The Mercedes EQE is a member of the popular executive EV sector, which will be powered by EQE.

Nissan has been working on a second electric vehicle for some years. The Nissan Ariya will be equipped with two motors and sophisticated motor control. Top Ariya versions will have 389 horsepower and will reach 60 mph in under five seconds. Its top-tier versions will have a range of 220 miles, with a potential range of 300 miles depending on battery capacity. Nissan also says the EV will coexist with the Leaf.

Cadillac has stated that it intends to transition to all-electric vehicles by the end of the decade. Cadillac's Lyriq is an illustration of the type of car it plans to build in the future. It resembles a Kia Telluride or a Ford Explorer more than a Tesla Model X. To power its electric motor, the automobile will employ lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) or nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cells. It will have a range of 250 miles and a time of 3.6 seconds from zero to sixty.

Andre Alonzo Chambers revealed that, The Chevy Bolt EV hybrid is also being developed for 2022. While it is not as sophisticated as the Tesla Model 3, it is an excellent choice if you want the best of both worlds. The Mustang Mach-E has an amazing range for a midsize EV, making it an excellent choice for families or people looking for a vehicle that is both comfortable and ecologically conscientious.

The Volvo Polestar 2 is a racing-inspired vehicle that will be available in 2022 with a single dual-motor AWD option. It is intended to be the company's first all-electric car, offering a premium hatchback. Its new charging technology and heat management outperform its predecessor. Android Auto is included into its infotainment system. Those who dislike touchscreens might consider upgrading to a more practical electric vehicle.

[news-venue]

Ford could reopen Indian factories in EV push

It’s been seven months since Ford decided to shut its factories in India, taking a $2 billion charge for the retreat.

The decision was unsurprising: contrary to Ford’s expectation in 2012 that the nation’s burgeoning middle class would propel it to one of the company’s top three markets by 2020, its market share had slumped to less than 1.5 per cent by the time it decided to pull the plug.

In between, Ford invested heavily in two factories near the southern and western coasts of India, manufacturing cars and SUVs for both the domestic market and export.

But it racked up losses of more than $2bn in a decade, unable to crack a price-conscious market dominated by cheap cars and two-wheelers.Now, there could be a way to recoup at least some of those losses. The provincial government in Tamil Nadu is holding talks with Ford to explore whether its factory there can be converted to a plant for manufacturing and exporting electric vehicles, the Economic Times newspaper reported last week.

Ford also told the newspaper it was “exploring the possibility of using a plant in India as an export base”.

That could very well turn out to be a smart move. While it’s difficult for US car-making giants to make meaningful inroads in India – General Motors ceased sales there five years ago – EVs could offer another opportunity to take a shot in the market of 1.4 billion people.

That option is particularly promising given Maruti Suzuki, the local unit of Suzuki that sells one in every two cars on Indian roads, doesn’t offer a single EV.

The market is tiny, at just 1 per cent of total sales, but the growth is staggering. Retail sales of electric cars and SUVs soared 324 per cent last month, based on data compiled by the Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations. That compares with a fall of 7.8 per cent in overall sales of passenger vehicles.

India, home to some of the world’s most polluted cities, has vowed to turn carbon neutral by 2070, and is taking steps to become greener. Ford is among companies selected to receive state subsidies under a production-linked plan for electric vehicles, incentivising the car maker to possibly return with a new avatar.

That may hold lessons for other auto makers too. GM’s factory in India has sat idle for years, with a labour union representing former workers blocking a deal to sell the plant to China’s Great Wall Motors.

Ford has brought some very successful products to India – like the Figo hatchback, the EcoSport compact SUV and the Endeavour premium SUV. But it’s difficult to compete with Maruti and Hyundai in the nation, where bare-bones cheap cars are traditionally chosen by emerging middle-class families buying their firstThere are signs that is changing, especially with premium models. Mercedes-Benz plans to roll out a locally assembled EQS – the electric version of its flagship S-Class sedan – this year, while BMW is also presenting an array of electric products in India. Elon Musk has waged an unsuccessful campaign for the government to cut import tariffs so Tesla, too, can enter the market.

[augustus-watersfetish]

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price – Ford Explorer really should be a newly designed model created in Ford about the upcoming year. It is undoubtedly required until this model will upgrade that present a person and provide a remodeled variation of it. As we all problem, it ought to get rid of the former edition for it, created in This years and just-a-little altered on these…

[mypersonalseoblogs]

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price

2020 Ford Explorer Towing Capacity, Release Date, Price – Ford Explorer really should be a newly designed model created in Ford about the upcoming year. It is undoubtedly required until this model will upgrade that present a person and provide a remodeled variation of it. As we all problem, it ought to get rid of the former edition for it, created in This years and just-a-little altered on these…

[decisionforsight]

Global Electric Vehicle Market

Global Electric Vehicle Market Size, Share, Application Analysis, Regional Outlook, Growth Trends, Key Players, Competitive Strategies and Forecasts to 2030

Electric Vehicles are work on electricity deployed through charging stations or can be charged by self-charging devices like turbochargers and regenerative braking systems. Electric vehicle gains the popularity due to its features like less emission, high performance and fuel efficient. The regenerative braking system used in these vehicles is helpful for generating electricity through movement of vehicle. The increasing demand for electric vehicles will expand automotive sector as these vehicles are used for variety applications like Airborne EVs, Seaborne EVs, On and off-road EVs and others.  Some of the major advantages of EVs over petrol/diesel vehicles are cheaper to run, less maintenance and environment friendly. Global electric vehicles market accounted 169.8 million USD in 2020 and is predicted to reach 1060.2 million USD by 2030 with a CAGR of 20.10% during the forecast period.

Download Sample Copy of the Report to understand the structure of the complete report (Including Full TOC, Table & Figures) @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/request-sample/DFS020323

Market Dynamics and Factors:

The major driving factors of the electric vehicle market are high performance, less fuel emission, and growing prices of conventional fuel. In addition, stringent government rules for environment protection and technological advancements in electric vehicles like adaptive cruise control, blind spot warning, and forward auto braking will propel the growth of market. High manufacturing cost of EVs and limited driving range are the restraining factors which hampers the market growth. Technological advancements in batteries used in EVs, increased performance in terms of maintenance, and improvements in built charging will create opportunities for the electric vehicle market to grow in upcoming years. Major challenge is the cost of material used as the batteries used in EVs are very expensive and also the limited storage capacity so that the driving range becomes limited. Hence battery manufacturers will have more focus on overcoming these challenges and performance improvement.

Market Segmentation:

Global Electric Vehicle Market – By Type

Battery Electric Vehicle

Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Plug-In Electric Vehicle

Global Electric Vehicle Market – By Vehicle Type

Passenger Vehicles

Commercial Vehicles

Two-Wheelers

normal and super

Global Electric Vehicle Market – By Charging Station

Normal

Super

Global Electric Vehicle Market – By Geography

North America

U.S.

Canada

Mexico

Europe

U.K.

France

Germany

Italy

Rest of Europe

Asia-Pacific

Japan

China

India

Australia

Rest of Asia Pacific

ROW

Latin America

Middle East

Africa

New Business Strategies, Challenges & Policies are mentioned in Table of Content, Request TOC at @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/toc-request/DFS020323 

Geographic Analysis:

Asia Pacific is the fastest growing electric vehicle market amongst all the regions. The growth is owing to the government initiatives for lower emissions and encouraging the automotive sector for production of electric vehicles in the countries like China and India. China is the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles across the globe. North America also has significant growth as U.S. government has taken many steps to decrease usage of vehicles running on conventional fuel through corporate average fuel economy program. In Europe, electric vehicle market shows the rapid growth as there is increasing demand for plug in electric vehicles as the sales goes up by 70% from last year.

Competitive Scenario:

Some of the major key players in electric vehicle market are Toyota Motor Corporation, Tesla, Inc., General Motors, Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Daimler AG, Smith Electric Vehicles, BYD Auto Co. Ltd., Volkswagen AG, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Audi AG, BMW AG, Chevrolet, Hyundai Motors, Ford Motor Company, Volvo Cars.

Connect to Analyst @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/speak-analyst/DFS020323 

How will this Market Intelligence Report Benefit You?

The report offers statistical data in terms of value (US$) as well as Volume (units) till 2030.

Exclusive insight into the key trends affecting the Global Electric Vehicle industry, although key threats, opportunities and disruptive technologies that could shape the Global Electric Vehicle Market supply and demand.

The report tracks the leading market players that will shape and impact the Global Electric Vehicle Market most.

The data analysis present in the Global Electric Vehicle Market report is based on the combination of both primary and secondary resources.

The report helps you to understand the real effects of key market drivers or retainers on Global Electric Vehicle Market business.

The 2021 Annual Global Electric Vehicle Market offers:

100+ charts exploring and analysing the Global Electric Vehicle Market from critical angles including retail forecasts, consumer demand, production and more

15+ profiles of top producing states, with highlights of market conditions and retail trends

Regulatory outlook, best practices, and future considerations for manufacturers and industry players seeking to meet consumer demand

Benchmark wholesale prices, market position, plus prices for raw materials involved in Global Electric Vehicle Market type

Buy This Premium Research Report@ https://www.decisionforesight.com/checkout/DFS020323 

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Decision Foresight is a market research organization known for its reliable and genuine content, market estimation and the best analysis which is designed to deliver state-of-the-art quality syndicate reports to our customers. Apart from syndicate reports, you will find the best market insights, strategies that will help in taking better business decisions on subjects that may require you to develop and grow your business-like health, science, technology and many more. At Decision Foresight, we truly believe in disseminating the right piece of knowledge to a large section of the audience and cover the in-depth insights of market leaders across various verticals and horizontals.

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[sciencespies]

NOAA to take first step toward a small satellite constellation

https://sciencespies.com/space/noaa-to-take-first-step-toward-a-small-satellite-constellation/

NOAA to take first step toward a small satellite constellation

It’s a good thing the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has plenty of time to prepare for its next generation of polar-orbiting weather satellites — because the changes the agency is contemplating are dramatic.

Instead of flying satellites the size of pickup trucks like the current Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), NOAA is exploring the benefits of feeding data supplied by a constellation of small satellites in low Earth orbit into weather forecast models.

“We would like to start the process of adopting more commercial practices in low orbit and seeing how we might implement them,” said Greg Mandt, NOAA JPSS program director. “If we spend the next five or six years seeing what we could do, that could produce quite an interesting paradigm shift.”

NOAA is not the only government agency exploring the benefits of gathering weather data with small satellites. The U.S. Space Force is funding development of small satellites to characterize clouds and provide weather data in military theaters of operations. The European Space Agency is developing a prototype for a constellation of small Arctic Weather Satellite spacecraft.

Government agencies are eager to profit from the steady stream of commercial innovation. Companies are relaying communications and gathering weather-related information and imagery with growing fleets of cubesats and small satellites in low Earth orbit.

“We’re trying to explore how to take advantage of all that,” Mandt said.

ADVANTAGE: SMALL SATELLITES

Many of the advantages for weather agencies are obvious.

Small satellites tend to be less expensive and lighter weight than their sizable counterparts. As a result, they fit on many different launch vehicles and several can be launched at the same time, unlike school bus or truck-size satellites that generally require a dedicated launch vehicle, said Nick Bucci, missile defense and space systems vice president at General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems.

Luis Gomes, AAC Clyde chief executive, said small satellites can be deployed in large numbers, forming cooperative constellations with sensors making simultaneous measurements across large areas.

Agencies also can upgrade technology quickly. Operational weather satellites carry sensors developed decades ago.

“With small satellites, you could update technology on a much more rapid schedule and at lower cost,” said Kevin Maschhoff, BAE Systems engineering fellow.

What’s more, companies have begun manufacturing cubesats and small satellites in large quantities, reducing the cost per spacecraft.

Traditional NOAA weather satellites designed to operate in orbit for at least seven years were expensive, often requiring a decade and several hundred million dollars to move from proposal to orbit.

“Can you break those observations into smaller pieces because with all the small satellite providers, it’s almost like Henry Ford’s Model T era,” Mandt said. “Instead of building a specialty car, we’ve now got the Model T. As long as you are not trying to turn it into a Ferrari, you can drive down the cost.”

In addition to buying commercial satellite buses, NOAA could turn to the commercial sector to transfer data rather than continuing to pay for government infrastructure like satellite dishes at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and Svalbard, Norway.

“Imagine instead having your little satellites talk to communication satellites that deliver data to you in the cloud,” Mandt said. “If you commoditize the infrastructure, you can put your money in the instruments and the data products.”

CHANGING ATTITUDES

Still, changing NOAA’s approach to gathering data in low Earth orbit won’t be easy.

“You’ve got to change the attitude of engineers, mission assurance people, contracting officers and your review process,” Mandt said. “We’ve got to reinvent all of our processes at the same time.”

NOAA also needs new cost models because the ones created by NASA and the Defense Department tend to be based on missions involving large government satellites with multiple sensors.

Instead of addressing all those issues at once, NOAA plans to conduct a series of demonstrations while continuing to draw weather data from the JPSS constellation. (NOAA plans to launch the three remaining JPSS satellites in 2022, 2027 and 2032.)

“How do we take baby steps to test the sort of distributed architecture and commercial capability we can bring into our operation so that we still provide reliable data for the nation?” Mandt asked. “Can we do it in a more efficient way, and a cheaper way, that leads to better forecasting?”

NOAA hopes to begin addressing those questions with SounderSat, a concept proposed in the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture study. That study noted the importance of atmospheric temperature and moisture soundings to numerical weather forecasts and suggested small satellites equipped with sounders could be flown in the mid-2020s to fill data gaps created by the anticipated retirement of the U.S. Space Force’s Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and NOAA’s Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites.

“SounderSat is the first low Earth orbit initiative off the blocks and we want to make it clear this is just the first part of an overall architecture,” Frank Gallagher said in January at the virtual American Meteorological Society conference.

NOAA laid the groundwork for SounderSat in 2020 by awarding contracts to companies to suggest contract approaches, sounding instruments and architectures. More than a dozen companies received six-month contracts worth tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars to furnish NOAA with information on miniature sounders and satellite constellations as well as price tags for supplying weather data from commercial constellations. Among them were weather satellite specialists Ball Aerospace, L3Harris Technologies and Raytheon Technologies, prime contractors Lockheed Martin, Maxar Technologies and Northrop Grumman, and small satellite manufacturers General Atomics and York Space Systems. Additional contracts went to Atmospheric Sciences and Technology Corp., BAE Systems and Brandywine Photonics, firms known for satellite instruments.

“I’m taking all that information and trying to shape that into the direction we want to go,” Mandt said. “Soundersat is our idea of how we would take that first step.”

Incredible shrinking weather satellites

The words “small weather satellite” mean different things to different people.

Some are thoroughly convinced that constellations of cubesats could gather the imagery and data meteorologists require for weather forecasting. Others see greater promise in satellites weighing 150 to 200 kilograms.

There’s little doubt, though, that as electronics components continue to shrink, weather satellites will become smaller.

“Everyone sees the writing on the wall,” said Brandywine Photonics President John Fisher.

Already, cubesats have proven adept at monitoring atmospheric temperature and moisture by noting variation in signals traveling from GPS and other navigation satellites.

Other weather instruments, though, may be better suited to satellites weighing as much as 180 kilograms that fit on Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) rings or 320 kilograms for an ESPA Grande. Originally developed to carry secondary payloads on Pentagon-funded Atlas 5 and Delta 4 launches, ESPA rings have become a standard for accommodating small satellites on government and commercial launches of EELV-class rockets, namely United Launch Alliance’s vehicles and SpaceX’s Falcon 9.

“At Ball we’ve found that a sweet spot for Earth observation or operational weather being the ESPA or ESPA Grande size because it is possible in many cases to pack good capability into a satellite that can collect data across the globe, store that data and be reliable,” said Cory Springer, weather and environment director for Ball Aerospace. “That’s a good size to take advantage of lower launch costs.”

BAE Systems sees promise in constellations of 60- or 70-kilogram satellites following one another in low Earth orbit to reveal changing atmospheric conditions over time, said Kevin Maschhoff, BAE Systems engineering fellow.

Luis Gomes, CEO of AAC Clyde Space, cites the merits of even smaller satellites. “In the next few years we will see [weather satellite] masses coming down as more and more instruments are made smaller,” Gomes said. “From the evolution we are seeing on the instrumentation side, we believe there is a sweet spot for many applications in the 10-kilogram to 50-kilogram range.”

In spite of company preferences, though, everyone noted that government requirements often determine satellite size for a particular program. “The mission drives the capability required onboard: the avionics, propulsion, pointing accuracies, sensors and power requirements for all of those,” said Nick Bucci, vice president for missile defense and space systems at General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems.

This article originally appeared in the May 2021 issue of SpaceNews magazine.

#Space