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Photography Industry | Evaluation.
During this project were we asked to look into an area of photography which we would be interested in pursuing. At first i was torn betters advertising photography and photojournalism. Both are areas which i am interested in.
After some initial research i decided that i wanted to look into photojournalism. i have always been interested by photojournalists, as every time i look at a heart felt, emotional and photographs from war zones, i am always led to wonder how these photographs are taken and how they cope with seeing such images. I decided to focus on photojournalism over advertising photography as i had a lot more questions about this area, and became increasingly interested.
Throughout this project and my research i looked into topics such as; the pros and cons of photojournalism, ethics, equipment and tips. Throughout my research i also looked into whether the art of photojournalism is dead. To answer this question i research deeper into this area, looked at the work of famous and upcoming photojournalists and created a survey to gage an idea as to whether the art of photojournalism is dying.
At the end of this project, i feel as though this unit went well and i have learnt a lot about the photojournalism industry.
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PhotoJournalism | In Newspapers.
Above is one of the first photographs/photojournalist pieces to be published in a newspaper.
This photojournalist piece reports on the Paris Riots of 1848. Photographer known as Thibault took to the rooftops to capture the event. These photographs showed deserted streets covered in barricades, highlighting where there was once action. This photograph was L’illustration Journal Universel.
Following this research, i have decided to go out and buy some newspapers in order to find examples of Photojournalism.
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PhotoJournalism | Most Memorable/Influential PhotoJournalism Piece.
One of the questions that i wrote on my survey, was:
Which PhotoJournalism piece do you remember most and why?
The answers i received to this question were:
- The Syrian Child Surrendering.
The first two photographs in this post are taken from the photojournalism piece by Rene Schulthoff. During his time in Syria capturing the Syrian war, Schulthoff captured an emotional and heartfelt photograph of 4 year old girls surrendering to his camera, thinking that he is aiming a gun at her and not a camera.
- Migrant Mother by Dorothea Lange.
The third photograph, was taken by documentary photographer Dorothea Lange. This photograph shows a hungry and desperate 32 year old mother of 7. Through my research into this piece, Dorothea explained that this mother had been living off frozen vegetables and birds that her children had killed. This migrant mother had also just sold the tyres of her car in order to buy food. This photograph has become a very heartfelt, emotional and widely recognised image.
- Child stalked by a vulture.
The fourth photograph was taken by South African photojournalist, Kevin Carter, who captured a vulture stalking a sudanese child as its prey. This photograph has a really heartfelt nature and makes the viewers stop and think about what is going on, it makes you as a viewer, realise how little food these children have and the fact that vultures are now looking at them as food is a very serious, dangerous and harrowing message.
- Don McCullin, War Photography.
The work of war photographer Don McCullin has also been described as the some of the most influential/memorable photojournalist pieces. Don McCullin is a well known photojournalist, who primarily focuses on war. In his photographs, McCullin looks into the variety of affects war has on all sorts of different people.
- V-J Day in Times Square, Alfred Eisenstaedt.
The final photograph in this post, was taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt. This photograph has become very influential and memorable and has become symbolic for the end of the Second World War. This image is of a celebratory nature and is very emotionally charged. This is photograph is also known as a ‘Kiss in Times Square’ or ‘A Nation let Loose’.
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PhotoJournalism | Survey Analysis.
After reading through all the data i had collected from my survey, i found quite surprising results.
Through the results, i found that the art of photojournalism, is more recognised and celebrated that i first thought, with many people accepting how important photojournalists are in todays society.
Although many people realise the growth of citizen journalism, can be considered as damaging for photojournalists, those who answered my survey also realise that there will always be a need for professional photojournalists. The majority of the responses suggests that citizen journalism should not be seen as a massive issue, as there will alway be news to be reported on and there are ample opportunities for photojournalists still.
Many people realise how important photojournalists are in providing the public and news stations with realtime, clear, informative and unbiased photographs of an event, which is also something the citizen journalism will not be able to provide.
The survey also revealed how many felt that photojournalists are heavily relied on to document news al over the war, in not only national news but international news as well. Many also felt that photojournalists images are now expected at a much faster rate, due to high demand caused by the enhancements in internet and social media. Through the survey i also found that photojournalists are expected to inform, educate and communicate through their photographs, enabling the public to connect with those who are being documents. I also feel as though my survey made people look into the personality traits of photojournalists and decide what it actually takes to be a photojournalist.
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PhotoJournalism | Survey.
Questions
1. What is PhotoJournalism?
2. Do you think the art of PhotoJournalism is dying and why?
3. Why are PhotoJournalists important?
4. What do you consider as important qualities for a PhotoJournalist to have?
5. What PhotoJournalism piece do you remember most and why?
Answers:
1.
- This is usually travel photography or a photography reporting an event
- Telling a news story using photography
- Taking a photo that tells a story about current events.
- Photojournalism is reporting events through pictures
- Pictures that company an article and tell a story in themselves
- A way of documenting events through photographs
2.
- Yes, because of easy access to upload images straight away and anyone can do thanks to smart phones and social media.
- No, because there's plenty of photographer's still out there documenting wars and crises from all around the war.
- No, because current events need to be reported, and people are now in higher demand of getting the information as soon as possible.
- No, because nowadays a picture can be even more informative than a whole article.
- No, because with the rise of the internet it means photo journalism is more accessible to the average person.
- No, now more than ever, people expect to see things fast. a photo can say a thousands and in a world of fast media and social networking where writing is restricted, a photo can be more direct.
3.
- They show the world what it might not see otherwise. the create a form of communication that everyone can understand.
- Because a picture can tell a thousand words
- Because compared to photographers that have to make a picture look beautiful, photojournalists have to capture a relevant moment and send a instant message though it.
- They keep us informed about current events, and make the news more believable than just text.
- To educate people on the news and what's happening
- They are important as they can travel to laces who don't have the easy access and can report for them.
4.
- Thick skin, not be bias, confident
- Flexibility, to be able to travel anywhere in order to photograph the news. Like if a bomb went off, you'd wanna be there to document.
- An eye for detail, paying attention, being able to tell a story from a photograph
- Being well-informed about what is happening in the world, prone to travel, brave enough to get involved in something dangerous to spread informations, quick to capture the right moment, professional in selling their work.
- Realism, not faking or setting up the image
- Honesty and integrity. to highlight or show an issue, not to embellish it beyond reality.
5.
- Don mcullin war photography because his photos are dramatic and emotional
- Picture of a woman holding a burn pad over her face on 7/7, it was a horrible image to look at but summed up the events perfectly
- The Syrian 4 year old girl that surrenders to photographer Osman Sağırlı, thinking his camera was a weapon. That shows exactly the reality of the war in Syria.
- The baby and the vulture
- Kevin Carter 'vulture stalking a child' I remember that the most because it's shocking and tragic. It really makes you think.
- Migrant Mother by Dorthea Lange
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PhotoJournalism | Don McCullin.
Don McCullin is an internationally known British PhotoJournalist who was born in 1935. McCullin, is most recognised for his war photography and his street photography. Through his photographs, McCullin has shown a preview into the lives of the unemployed and those in poverty.
Throughout his life, McCullin has had a lot of experience in war. He was evacuated to summers during the first world war and later completed his national service in the Royal Air Force and subsequently became a photographer for the RAF. McCullin went on to work as an overseas correspondent for the Sunday Times magazine to record and document made made crisis’. Don Mcullen has also photographed the conflict in Northern island as well as the Vietnam War. McCullin has also been refused a press pass in order to go and document the falklands war as the government thought his images would be too disturbing.
At age 77 McCullin, went to report and document the war in Syria. In an interview with Don, in 2013, he said that one of the reasons he felt that the art of photojournalism was dying is because “nobody wants to look at spreads of dying children. They want to see higher heels, its all gone celebrity hasn't it.” In this interview, McCullin also goes onto to explain that some of his memories “are so fresh” the most harrowing being “two weeks of seeing tanks running over bodies and turning them into Persian carpets”.
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PhotoJournalism | Photo Manipulation.
Photo Manipulation is the term used to describe the editing which is done by photojournalists or other photographers, to deceive or persuade viewers for improved story telling.
Reuters, a global news and information agency, has removed an imaged taken and published by a Lebanese photographer, Adnan Hajj, as the image of smoke rising out of the top of a burning building in Beirut has been proven to have been edited to look like there was more smoke than there actually was, therefore misleading viewers. Above you can see the original photograph compared with the published photograph.
The second photograph in this post, shows how one photographer has composited to photographs together to make it look as though a British solider is aiming a gun at a man carrying a child in a war like scenario as other members of the public cower on the ground.
It is important for PhotoJournalists to covey truth and honesty through their photographs, providing their audience with all the information they need in order to make an informed decision/opinion on the matter.
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Photojournalism | Perils.
PhotoJournalists are prone to many perils during their line of work, a few of these perils could include:
- Risk of injury, in order to capture and document newsworthy events.
- Risk of viewing distressing sights and sights that can never be forgotten.
- All weather conditions.
- Be in the midst of war, and tense political issues.
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PhotoJournalism | Ethics.
The National Press Photography Association, (NPPA) have a series of ethical guidelines, called the code of ethics, which each photojournalist has to abide by and consider when taking photographs and publishing their work.
PhotoJournalists must:
- Accurately represent their subjects.
- Avoid bias and stereotyping in their work and make sure they provide the entire information and its context.
- Show consideration for subjects.
- Avoid influencing the actions of the photographic subjects.
- Not give the wrong impression of the subject through editing.
- Not compensate any person involved in a photograph.
- Not accept gifts or favours from those involved in a photograph.
- Not purposely interfere with the work of other PhotoJournalists.
Editing
While editing photojournalists must:
- Not edit to the point where the situation did not exist, for example, PhotoJournalists must not fuse two photographs together, creating a while new situation which did not exist.
- Only edit for the purpose of fixing technical issues/problems and not for the purpose of changing the content of an image.
Context
PhotoJournalists must:
- Explain the context of a piece/event is as few edits as possible.
- Present the images in a way that does not alter its context.
Privacy
PhotoJournalists should consider:
- The fact that the line between taking newsworthy photographs and invading privacy is very thin and think very carefully about whether taking a photograph would cross the line into invading the privacy of those involved in a violent or emotional situation.
- The fact that taking a photograph in a private place is considered as an invasion of privacy.
- The fact that taking a photograph in a public place is not considered as an invasion of privacy.
In order to avoid violating the code of ethics, photojournalists should:
- Always uphold the truth.
- Describe their photographs as being a “Photo illustration of...” or an “artists representation of...”
- Always bare in my the code of ethics when taking photographs
- Be considerate.
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Photography Industry | Photojournalism Topics.
Topics for photojournalism pieces could include:
- Sports Teams/News.
- Cultural Topics.
- Emergency Services.
- Local good deeds.
- Abandoned Places/Places that are closing down.
- Zoos/Animals.
- Unusual Weather.
- Inspiring People.
- War.
- Government.
- Royal Family.
These are just some of the possible topics for photojournalists. As the role of a photojournalist is to document events and report news, there is no set list of topics that a photojournalist has to chose from. A photojournalist can report/capture anything that is newsworthy or interesting.
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Photography Industry | Photojournalism Requirements
During my research into PhotoJournalism, i wanted to find out what requirements, if any, there were in order to be a PhotoJournalist and enter the Photojournalism career.
Here are a list of the educational qualifications that are either required or helpful in a PhotoJournalism career:
- BA Degree in photography, journalism, visual communications or a related field.
- Internships.
PhotoJournalists need to have a variety of skills in areas such as:
- Photo Editing
- Writing
- Proof Reading
- Reporting
- Photographic skill.
In order to be a PhotoJournalist you need to have a knowledge in:
- fundamentals in photography
- Reporting
- Photo editing and techniques
- Layout and Design
- Ethics
- Computer-aided editing and publishing
- Colour Printing and design
- Journalism and mass media
- Public relations
- Media writing and editing
- Newspaper design
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PhotoJournalism | Pros and Cons.
As the public are now bombarded 24/7 with real time and constant updates of war and other newsworthy events, highlighting the current issues as they happen i thought it would be a good idea to research the pros and cons of being a PhotoJournalists. Throughout my research i found a series of pros and cons of war photojournalism. Some of these pros and cons could include:
Pros:
- Photographs can be published in real time, so that the public are aware of what is going on around the world as they happen.
- The public are also made aware of what is going on and become informed and with all the information about an event as it happens, the public can make informed opinions and perceptions.
- Get to see a lot of the world through the travelling.
- Get to experience a lot of different cultures.
Cons:
- PhotoJournalists can accused of misleading the public by focusing on the images rather than the information.
- With the constant and regular images of war, people and photoJournalists may become desensitised to these, sometimes sad and distressing situations, distancing them from the reality, making photographs not as hard-hitting.
- If PhotoJournalists are not assigned or working for a publishing there is no guaranteed income or funding.
- Working for long hours.
- Dangerous.
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PhotoJournalism | Importance.
When looking into Photojournalism, i thought it would be useful to look into and understand why photojournalism is so important in todays world.
PhotoJournalism is seen as an important aspect of photography and in todays world, society relies on photojournalists to inform the on world issues and in fact, society expects photojournalists to create interesting, detailed and unbiased shots to accompany any article written about, in either print or web media.
It is also important that photojournalists take photographs to accompany any article because it is the photograph, along with the headline, that attracts readers to a given article. The photographs taken by photojournalists, should not only relate to the article but also summarise it too. These photographs help people to empathise/understand what is going on and what the people spoken about in each article are feeling.
The unbiased photographs that photojournalists take to accompany any article, help readers to make their one decisions on the topic of the article, whereas if there was no photograph and just an article the reader may be biased by the opinion of the writer. The photographs also act as a lure to attract hurried or slighting disinterested readers, as photos speak louder than words.
PhotoJournalism is important as it provides a widen range of knowledge and understanding, and as these photographs are relied on in order for people to make their own, informed decisions, PhotoJournalists hold public trust and have a responsibility to be honest and truthful through their photographs.
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PhotoJournalism | Aims.
During my research in PhotoJournalism, i thought it was important to understand the aims of a photojournalist.
Their aims are:
- To convey the truth.
- To tell a story.
- To highlight important issues.
- To report the news.
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PhotoJournalism | Facts.
During my research, i also collected a variety of different facts surrounding the photography industry.
- PhotoJournalism is considered to be a form of Journalism, even though they are photos and not written.
- Unlike most other photographers, PhotoJournalists, focus more on the story behind the photograph rather than the image itself.
- PhotoJournalists must be timely and relative to recent news stories, the photographs must be edited and published while the story is still fresh.
- The photographs must also convey a story behind each image.
- The NPPA, The National Press Photography Association has over 1000 members.
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Photojournalism | Future - Is PhotoJournalism dead?
There is currently an ongoing debate as to whether the art go PhotoJournalism is dying.
arguments in favour of the idea that photojournalism is a dying art and that there is a limited future for photojournalists state that:
- there are fewer traditional photojournalist jobs, due to the decline in print media.
- The increase in citizen journalism means that paid opportunities are taken away from photojournalists as photographs of events are taken and uploaded readily to news medias so photojournalists do not stand chance.
- Paparazzi and celebrity journalism has made it hard for those wanting to share serious stories to compete.
Those who believe photojournalism is not a dying art and instead is thriving, state that:
- the increase in digital media can be seen as a good thing as it provides more opportunities for publishing work.
- news is constant so there will always be a need for photojournalists to tell these stories through photographs.
- Citizen Journalism may not provide a documentation of an event with truth and honesty and can therefore not be used.
- Still images have real power to make people stop and think and consider what it is like to be living in an area where this event is happening, therefore film is no threat to photojournalists.
- Advancements in technology should be used to help PhotoJournalists and not hinder them or be used for increased competition.
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Fanzine | Evaluation
When I received the Fanzine Brief, I was struck by a number of ideas. As the brief was so broad and had very little restrictions and stated that the subject of my fanzine could be anything i wanted it to be I didn't really have one idea that struck me straight away.
As I brainstormed my ideas, I came up with a few, which I thought would be very interesting to base my Fanzine on. I was initially very interested in basing my fanzine around; close ups, abandoned places, colour photography or food photography. As I did more research into each of these areas of photography, i becoming increasingly interested in Colour photography and food photography and started wondering whether there were a way to combine the two areas.
I then finally decided that I wanted to base my fanzine around food of a certain colour. I then set about thinking about all the colours I could focus the fanzine on. I decided on the colour black and decided that it would be interesting to base it around burnt food, symbolising imperfections in things other than people.
After deciding on burnt food, i set about listing all the foods i wanted to burn. Following this, I began designing fanzine layouts on InDesign, before inserting my favourite photographs of the shoots into it.
I encountered a few problems when it came to finding somewhere to print my fanzine. I enquired in a few printing companies about quoting a price, however one company said that they would not be able to deal with my request because i was an individual and not a company, another company said that they could not help me because i only required one copy and other printing companies, either did not have the size fanzine i wanted or would not print bleeds. However, following advice from a friend, i looked into getting my fanzine printed at staples.
After talking to a staff member of staples, who quoted be £25 (which was much cheaper than any quote i had previously received) i decided that i would go with staples and print. Another benefit of getting my fanzine printed at staples, is that it was printed on the spot there and then.
Although, i initially encountered a few problems with deciding on an idea, i really enjoyed shooting burnt food, as (food) it is something that i have not had the opportunity to experiment with before. I also really enjoyed playing around with InDesign and designing my own fanzine layout. I really enjoyed having full creative control over this project and i am really really really pleased with the outcome of the printed Fanzine.
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